diff --git a/internal/rosa/cmake.go b/internal/rosa/cmake.go
index 358fe1e3..16d549c9 100644
--- a/internal/rosa/cmake.go
+++ b/internal/rosa/cmake.go
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func (*CMakeHelper) createDir() bool { return true }
 func (*CMakeHelper) wantsDir() string { return "/cure/" }
 
 // script generates the cure script.
-func (attr *CMakeHelper) script(s *S, name string) string {
+func (attr *CMakeHelper) script(t Toolchain, name string) string {
 	if attr == nil {
 		attr = new(CMakeHelper)
 	}
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ func (attr *CMakeHelper) script(s *S, name string) string {
 	}
 
 	script := attr.Script
-	if !attr.SkipTest && s.opts&OptSkipCheck == 0 {
+	if !attr.SkipTest && t.opts&OptSkipCheck == 0 {
 		script += "\n" + test
 	}
 
diff --git a/internal/rosa/gnu.go b/internal/rosa/gnu.go
index 5e6bb358..893d24a8 100644
--- a/internal/rosa/gnu.go
+++ b/internal/rosa/gnu.go
@@ -42,38 +42,6 @@ func skipGNUTests(tests ...int) string {
 	return buf.String()
 }
 
-func (t Toolchain) newM4() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "1.4.21"
-		checksum = "pPa6YOo722Jw80l1OsH1tnUaklnPFjFT-bxGw5iAVrZTm1P8FQaWao_NXop46-pm"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("m4", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/m4/m4-"+version+".tar.bz2",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarBzip2,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		Writable: true,
-		ScriptEarly: `
-chmod +w tests/test-c32ispunct.sh && echo '#!/bin/sh' > tests/test-c32ispunct.sh
-`,
-	}, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
-		Diffutils,
-
-		KernelHeaders,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newM4,
-
-		Name:        "m4",
-		Description: "a macro processor with GNU extensions",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/m4/",
-
-		ID: 1871,
-	})
-}
-
 func (t Toolchain) newBison() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	const (
 		version  = "3.8.2"
@@ -109,705 +77,6 @@ func init() {
 	})
 }
 
-func (t Toolchain) newAutoconf() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "2.73"
-		checksum = "yGabDTeOfaCUB0JX-h3REYLYzMzvpDwFmFFzHNR7QilChCUNE4hR6q7nma4viDYg"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("autoconf", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf/autoconf-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		Flag: TExclusive,
-	}, &MakeHelper{
-		Check: []string{
-			"TESTSUITEFLAGS=" + jobsFlagE,
-			"check",
-		},
-	},
-		M4,
-		Perl,
-		Bash,
-		Diffutils,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newAutoconf,
-
-		Name:        "autoconf",
-		Description: "M4 macros to produce self-contained configure script",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/",
-
-		Dependencies: P{
-			M4,
-			Perl,
-		},
-
-		ID: 141,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newAutomake() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "1.18.1"
-		checksum = "FjvLG_GdQP7cThTZJLDMxYpRcKdpAVG-YDs1Fj1yaHlSdh_Kx6nRGN14E0r_BjcG"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("automake", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/automake/automake-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		Writable: true,
-		ScriptEarly: `
-test_disable() { chmod +w "$2" && echo "$1" > "$2"; }
-
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' t/objcxx-minidemo.sh
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' t/objcxx-deps.sh
-
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' t/dist-no-built-sources.sh
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' t/distname.sh
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' t/pr9.sh
-`,
-	}, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
-		Grep,
-		Gzip,
-		Autoconf,
-		Diffutils,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newAutomake,
-
-		Name:        "automake",
-		Description: "a tool for automatically generating Makefile.in files",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/automake/",
-
-		Dependencies: P{
-			Autoconf,
-		},
-
-		ID: 144,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newLibtool() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "2.5.4"
-		checksum = "pa6LSrQggh8mSJHQfwGjysAApmZlGJt8wif2cCLzqAAa2jpsTY0jZ-6stS3BWZ2Q"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("libtool", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/libtool/libtool-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), nil, &MakeHelper{
-		// _Z2a2c: symbol not found
-		SkipCheck: t.stage.isStage0(),
-
-		Check: []string{
-			"TESTSUITEFLAGS=" + jobsFlagE,
-			"check",
-		},
-	},
-		M4,
-		Diffutils,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newLibtool,
-
-		Name:        "libtool",
-		Description: "a generic library support script",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/libtool/",
-
-		ID: 1741,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newGzip() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "1.14"
-		checksum = "NWhjUavnNfTDFkZJyAUonL9aCOak8GVajWX2OMlzpFnuI0ErpBFyj88mz2xSjz0q"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("gzip", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/gzip/gzip-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), nil, &MakeHelper{
-		// dependency loop
-		SkipCheck: true,
-	}), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newGzip,
-
-		Name:        "gzip",
-		Description: "a popular data compression program",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/",
-
-		ID: 1290,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newGettext() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "1.0"
-		checksum = "3MasKeEdPeFEgWgzsBKk7JqWqql1wEMbgPmzAfs-mluyokoW0N8oQVxPQoOnSdgC"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("gettext", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		Writable: true,
-		ScriptEarly: `
-test_disable() { chmod +w "$2" && echo "$1" > "$2"; }
-
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gettext-tools/tests/msgcat-22
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gettext-tools/tests/msgconv-2
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gettext-tools/tests/msgconv-8
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gettext-tools/tests/xgettext-python-3
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gettext-tools/tests/msgmerge-compendium-6
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gettext-tools/tests/gettextpo-1
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gettext-tools/tests/format-c-5
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gettext-tools/gnulib-tests/test-c32ispunct.sh
-test_disable 'int main(){return 0;}' gettext-tools/gnulib-tests/test-stdcountof-h.c
-
-touch gettext-tools/autotools/archive.dir.tar
-`,
-	}, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
-		Diffutils,
-		Gzip,
-		Sed,
-
-		KernelHeaders,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newGettext,
-
-		Name:        "gettext",
-		Description: "tools for producing multi-lingual messages",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/",
-
-		ID: 898,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newDiffutils() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "3.12"
-		checksum = "9J5VAq5oA7eqwzS1Yvw-l3G5o-TccUrNQR3PvyB_lgdryOFAfxtvQfKfhdpquE44"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("diffutils", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/diffutils/diffutils-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		Writable: true,
-		ScriptEarly: `
-test_disable() { chmod +w "$2" && echo "$1" > "$2"; }
-
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gnulib-tests/test-c32ispunct.sh
-test_disable 'int main(){return 0;}' gnulib-tests/test-c32ispunct.c
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' tests/cmp
-`,
-		Flag: TEarly,
-	}, (*MakeHelper)(nil)), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newDiffutils,
-
-		Name:        "diffutils",
-		Description: "several programs related to finding differences between files",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/",
-
-		ID: 436,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newPatch() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "2.8"
-		checksum = "MA0BQc662i8QYBD-DdGgyyfTwaeALZ1K0yusV9rAmNiIsQdX-69YC4t9JEGXZkeR"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("patch", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/patch/patch-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		Writable: true,
-		ScriptEarly: `
-test_disable() { chmod +w "$2" && echo "$1" > "$2"; }
-
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' tests/ed-style
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' tests/need-filename
-`,
-		Flag: TEarly,
-	}, (*MakeHelper)(nil)), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newPatch,
-
-		Name:        "patch",
-		Description: "a program to apply diff output to files",
-		Website:     "https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/patch/",
-
-		ID: 2597,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newBash() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "5.3"
-		checksum = "4LQ_GRoB_ko-Ih8QPf_xRKA02xAm_TOxQgcJLmFDT6udUPxTAWrsj-ZNeuTusyDq"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("bash", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/bash/bash-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		Flag: TEarly,
-	}, &MakeHelper{
-		Script: "ln -s bash /work/system/bin/sh\n",
-		Configure: []KV{
-			{"without-bash-malloc"},
-		},
-	}), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newBash,
-
-		Name:        "bash",
-		Description: "the Bourne Again SHell",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/",
-
-		ID: 166,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newCoreutils() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "9.11"
-		checksum = "t8UMed5wpFEoC56aa42_yidfOAaRGzOfj7MRtQkkqgGbpXiskNA8bd-EmVSQkZie"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("coreutils", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/coreutils-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		Writable: true,
-		ScriptEarly: `
-test_disable() { chmod +w "$2" && echo "$1" > "$2"; }
-
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gnulib-tests/test-c32ispunct.sh
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' tests/ls/hyperlink.sh
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' tests/misc/user.sh
-test_disable 'int main(){return 0;}' gnulib-tests/test-chown.c
-test_disable 'int main(){return 0;}' gnulib-tests/test-fchownat.c
-test_disable 'int main(){return 0;}' gnulib-tests/test-lchown.c
-`,
-
-		Flag: TEarly,
-	}, &MakeHelper{
-		Configure: []KV{
-			{"enable-single-binary", "symlinks"},
-		},
-	},
-		Perl,
-		Bash,
-
-		KernelHeaders,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newCoreutils,
-
-		Name:        "coreutils",
-		Description: "the basic file, shell and text manipulation utilities",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/",
-
-		ID: 343,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newTexinfo() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "7.3"
-		checksum = "RRmC8Xwdof7JuZJeWGAQ_GeASIHAuJFQMbNONXBz5InooKIQGmqmWRjGNGEr5n4-"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("texinfo", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/texinfo/texinfo-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), nil, &MakeHelper{
-		// nonstandard glibc extension
-		SkipCheck: true,
-	},
-		Perl,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newTexinfo,
-
-		Name:        "texinfo",
-		Description: "the GNU square-wheel-reinvension of man pages",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/",
-
-		Dependencies: P{
-			Perl,
-			Gawk,
-		},
-
-		ID: 4958,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newGperf() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "3.3"
-		checksum = "RtIy9pPb_Bb8-31J2Nw-rRGso2JlS-lDlVhuNYhqR7Nt4xM_nObznxAlBMnarJv7"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("gperf", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gperf/gperf-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), nil, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
-		Diffutils,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newGperf,
-
-		Name:        "gperf",
-		Description: "a perfect hash function generator",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/gperf/",
-
-		ID: 1237,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newGawk() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "5.4.0"
-		checksum = "m0RkIolC-PI7EY5q8pcx5Y-0twlIW0Yp3wXXmV-QaHorSdf8BhZ7kW9F8iWomz0C"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("gawk", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		Flag: TEarly,
-	}, &MakeHelper{
-		// dependency loop
-		SkipCheck: true,
-	}), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newGawk,
-
-		Name:        "gawk",
-		Description: "an implementation of awk with GNU extensions",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/",
-
-		ID: 868,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newGrep() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "3.12"
-		checksum = "qMB4RjaPNRRYsxix6YOrjE8gyAT1zVSTy4nW4wKW9fqa0CHYAuWgPwDTirENzm_1"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("grep", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/grep/grep-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		Writable: true,
-		ScriptEarly: `
-test_disable() { chmod +w "$2" && echo "$1" > "$2"; }
-
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gnulib-tests/test-c32ispunct.sh
-test_disable 'int main(){return 0;}' gnulib-tests/test-c32ispunct.c
-`,
-	}, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
-		Diffutils,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newGrep,
-
-		Name:        "grep",
-		Description: "searches input for lines containing a match to a pattern",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/grep/",
-
-		ID: 1251,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newFindutils() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "4.10.0"
-		checksum = "ZXABdNBQXL7QjTygynRRTdXYWxQKZ0Wn5eMd3NUnxR0xaS0u0VfcKoTlbo50zxv6"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("findutils", version, pkg.NewHTTPGet(
-		nil, "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/findutils/findutils-"+version+".tar.xz",
-		mustDecode(checksum),
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		ScriptEarly: `
-echo '#!/bin/sh' > gnulib-tests/test-c32ispunct.sh
-echo 'int main(){return 0;}' > tests/xargs/test-sigusr.c
-`,
-	}, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
-		Diffutils,
-		XZ,
-		Sed,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newFindutils,
-
-		Name:        "findutils",
-		Description: "the basic directory searching utilities",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/findutils/",
-
-		ID: 812,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newBC() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "1.08.2"
-		checksum = "8h6f3hjV80XiFs6v9HOPF2KEyg1kuOgn5eeFdVspV05ODBVQss-ey5glc8AmneLy"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("bc", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/bc/bc-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		// source expected to be writable
-		Writable: true,
-		Chmod:    true,
-	}, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
-		Texinfo,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newBC,
-
-		Name:        "bc",
-		Description: "an arbitrary precision numeric processing language",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/",
-
-		ID: 170,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newLibiconv() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "1.19"
-		checksum = "UibB6E23y4MksNqYmCCrA3zTFO6vJugD1DEDqqWYFZNuBsUWMVMcncb_5pPAr88x"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("libiconv", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), nil, (*MakeHelper)(nil)), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newLibiconv,
-
-		Name:        "libiconv",
-		Description: "iconv implementation independent of glibc",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/",
-
-		ID: 10656,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newTar() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "1.35"
-		checksum = "zSaoSlVUDW0dSfm4sbL4FrXLFR8U40Fh3zY5DWhR5NCIJ6GjU6Kc4VZo2-ZqpBRA"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("tar", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/tar/tar-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), nil, &MakeHelper{
-		Configure: []KV{
-			{"disable-acl"},
-			{"without-posix-acls"},
-			{"without-xattrs"},
-		},
-		Check: []string{
-			// very expensive
-			"TARTEST_SKIP_LARGE_FILES=1",
-
-			"TESTSUITEFLAGS=" + jobsFlagE,
-			"check",
-		},
-	},
-		Diffutils,
-
-		Gzip,
-		Bzip2,
-		Zstd,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newTar,
-
-		Name:        "tar",
-		Description: "provides the ability to create tar archives",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/tar/",
-
-		ID: 4939,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newParallel() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "20260422"
-		checksum = "eTsepxgqhXpMEhPd55qh-W5y4vjKn0x9TD2mzbJCNZYtFf4lT4Wzoqr74HGJYBEH"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("parallel", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/parallel/parallel-"+version+".tar.bz2",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarBzip2,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		ScriptEarly: `
-ln -s ../system/bin/bash /bin/
-`,
-	}, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
-		Perl,
-		Bash,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newParallel,
-
-		Name:        "parallel",
-		Description: "a shell tool for executing jobs in parallel using one or more computers",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/parallel/",
-
-		Dependencies: P{
-			Perl,
-		},
-
-		ID: 5448,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newLibunistring() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "1.4.2"
-		checksum = "iW9BbfLoVlXjWoLTZ4AekQSu4cFBnLcZ4W8OHWbv0AhJNgD3j65_zqaLMzFKylg2"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("libunistring", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/libunistring/libunistring-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		Writable: true,
-		ScriptEarly: `
-test_disable() { chmod +w "$2" && echo "$1" > "$2"; }
-
-test_disable '#!/bin/sh' tests/test-c32ispunct.sh
-test_disable 'int main(){return 0;}' tests/test-c32ispunct.c
-`,
-	}, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
-		Diffutils,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newLibunistring,
-
-		Name:        "libunistring",
-		Description: "provides functions for manipulating Unicode strings",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/libunistring/",
-
-		ID: 1747,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newLibtasn1() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "4.21.0"
-		checksum = "9DYI3UYbfYLy8JsKUcY6f0irskbfL0fHZA91Q-JEOA3kiUwpodyjemRsYRjUpjuq"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("libtasn1", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/libtasn1/libtasn1-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), nil, (*MakeHelper)(nil)), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newLibtasn1,
-
-		Name:        "libtasn1",
-		Description: "the ASN.1 library used by GnuTLS, p11-kit and some other packages",
-		Website:     "https://www.gnu.org/software/libtasn1/",
-
-		ID: 1734,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newReadline() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "8.3"
-		checksum = "r-lcGRJq_MvvBpOq47Z2Y1OI2iqrmtcqhTLVXR0xWo37ZpC2uT_md7gKq5o_qTMV"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("readline", version, newTar(
-		"https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/readline/readline-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), nil, &MakeHelper{
-		Configure: []KV{
-			{"with-curses"},
-			{"with-shared-termcap-library"},
-		},
-	},
-		Ncurses,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newReadline,
-
-		Name:        "readline",
-		Description: "provides a set of functions for use by applications that allow users to edit command lines as they are typed in",
-		Website:     "https://tiswww.cwru.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html",
-
-		Dependencies: P{
-			Ncurses,
-		},
-
-		ID: 4173,
-	})
-}
-
 func (t Toolchain) newGnuTLS() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	const (
 		version  = "3.8.12"
@@ -1014,105 +283,6 @@ func init() {
 	})
 }
 
-func (t Toolchain) newGMP() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "6.3.0"
-		checksum = "yrgbgEDWKDdMWVHh7gPbVl56-sRtVVhfvv0M_LX7xMUUk_mvZ1QOJEAnt7g4i3k5"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("gmp", version, newTar(
-		"https://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/"+
-			"gmp-"+version+".tar.bz2",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarBzip2,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		Env: []string{
-			"CC=cc",
-		},
-	}, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
-		M4,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newGMP,
-
-		Name:        "gmp",
-		Description: "a free library for arbitrary precision arithmetic",
-		Website:     "https://gmplib.org/",
-
-		ID: 1186,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newMPFR() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "4.2.2"
-		checksum = "wN3gx0zfIuCn9r3VAn_9bmfvAYILwrRfgBjYSD1IjLqyLrLojNN5vKyQuTE9kA-B"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("mpfr", version, newTar(
-		"https://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/"+
-			"mpfr-"+version+".tar.bz2",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarBzip2,
-	), nil, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
-		GMP,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newMPFR,
-
-		Name:        "mpfr",
-		Description: "a C library for multiple-precision floating-point computations",
-		Website:     "https://www.mpfr.org/",
-
-		Dependencies: P{
-			GMP,
-		},
-
-		ID: 2019,
-	})
-}
-
-func (t Toolchain) newMPC() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "1.4.1"
-		checksum = "ZffaZyWkvIw0iPvRe5EJ7O-VvHtSkbbb3K_7SgPtK810NvGan7nbF0T5-6tozjQN"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("mpc", version, newFromGitLab(
-		"gitlab.inria.fr",
-		"mpc/mpc",
-		version, checksum,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		// does not find mpc-impl.h otherwise
-		EnterSource: true,
-	}, &MakeHelper{
-		InPlace:  true,
-		Generate: "autoreconf -vfi",
-	},
-		Automake,
-		Libtool,
-		Texinfo,
-
-		MPFR,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.MustRegister(&Artifact{
-		f: Toolchain.newMPC,
-
-		Name:        "mpc",
-		Description: "a C library for the arithmetic of complex numbers",
-		Website:     "https://www.multiprecision.org/",
-
-		Dependencies: P{
-			MPFR,
-		},
-
-		ID: 1667,
-	})
-}
-
 func (t Toolchain) newGCC() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	const (
 		version  = "16.1.0"
diff --git a/internal/rosa/make.go b/internal/rosa/make.go
index 961f2d33..8f5295b0 100644
--- a/internal/rosa/make.go
+++ b/internal/rosa/make.go
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ type MakeHelper struct {
 	Make []string
 	// Whether to skip the check target.
 	SkipCheck bool
+	// Whether to skip the check target during stage0.
+	SkipCheckEarly bool
 	// Name of the check target, zero value is equivalent to "check".
 	Check []string
 	// Replaces the default install command.
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ func (attr *MakeHelper) wantsDir() string {
 }
 
 // script generates the cure script.
-func (attr *MakeHelper) script(s *S, name string) string {
+func (attr *MakeHelper) script(t Toolchain, name string) string {
 	if attr == nil {
 		attr = new(MakeHelper)
 	}
@@ -194,7 +196,8 @@ make \
 	}
 	scriptMake += "\n"
 
-	if !attr.SkipCheck && s.opts&OptSkipCheck == 0 {
+	if !attr.SkipCheck && t.opts&OptSkipCheck == 0 &&
+		(!attr.SkipCheckEarly || !t.stage.isStage0()) {
 		scriptMake += attr.ScriptCheckEarly + `make \
 	` + jobsFlagE + ` \
 	`
diff --git a/internal/rosa/meson.go b/internal/rosa/meson.go
index 22e108f1..56c2abd8 100644
--- a/internal/rosa/meson.go
+++ b/internal/rosa/meson.go
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ func (*MesonHelper) createDir() bool { return false }
 func (*MesonHelper) wantsDir() string { return `"$(mktemp -d)"` }
 
 // script generates the cure script.
-func (attr *MesonHelper) script(s *S, name string) string {
+func (attr *MesonHelper) script(t Toolchain, name string) string {
 	if attr == nil {
 		attr = new(MesonHelper)
 	}
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func (attr *MesonHelper) script(s *S, name string) string {
 	}
 
 	var scriptTest string
-	if !attr.SkipTest && s.opts&OptSkipCheck == 0 {
+	if !attr.SkipTest && t.opts&OptSkipCheck == 0 {
 		scriptTest = `
 meson test \
 	--print-errorlogs`
diff --git a/internal/rosa/package/gnu/package.az b/internal/rosa/package/gnu/package.az
index a50c1a90..3dc7074f 100644
--- a/internal/rosa/package/gnu/package.az
+++ b/internal/rosa/package/gnu/package.az
@@ -1,5 +1,148 @@
 // GNU software with trivial packaging.
 
+package m4 {
+	description = "a macro processor with GNU extensions";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/m4";
+	anitya = 1871;
+
+	version* = "1.4.21";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/m4/m4-"+version+".tar.bz2";
+		checksum = "pPa6YOo722Jw80l1OsH1tnUaklnPFjFT-bxGw5iAVrZTm1P8FQaWao_NXop46-pm";
+		compress = bzip2;
+	};
+
+	writable = true;
+	early = `
+chmod +w tests/test-c32ispunct.sh && echo '#!/bin/sh' > tests/test-c32ispunct.sh
+`;
+
+	exec = make {};
+
+	inputs = [
+		diffutils,
+
+		kernel-headers,
+	];
+}
+
+package autoconf {
+	description = "M4 macros to produce self-contained configure script";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf";
+	anitya = 141;
+
+	version* = "2.73";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf/autoconf-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "yGabDTeOfaCUB0JX-h3REYLYzMzvpDwFmFFzHNR7QilChCUNE4hR6q7nma4viDYg";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	// test suite is very expensive
+	exclusive = true;
+
+	exec = make {
+		check = [
+			"TESTSUITEFLAGS=" + jobsFlagE,
+			"check",
+		];
+	};
+
+	inputs = [
+		m4,
+		perl,
+		bash,
+		diffutils,
+	];
+
+	runtime = [
+		m4,
+		perl,
+	];
+}
+
+package automake {
+	description = "a tool for automatically generating Makefile.in files";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/automake";
+	anitya = 144;
+
+	version* = "1.18.1";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/automake/automake-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "FjvLG_GdQP7cThTZJLDMxYpRcKdpAVG-YDs1Fj1yaHlSdh_Kx6nRGN14E0r_BjcG";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	writable = true;
+	early = `
+test_disable() { chmod +w "$2" && echo "$1" > "$2"; }
+
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' t/objcxx-minidemo.sh
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' t/objcxx-deps.sh
+
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' t/dist-no-built-sources.sh
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' t/distname.sh
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' t/pr9.sh
+`;
+
+	exec = make {};
+
+	inputs = [
+		grep,
+		gzip,
+		autoconf,
+		diffutils,
+	];
+
+	runtime = [ autoconf ];
+}
+
+package libtool {
+	description = "a generic library support script";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/libtool";
+	anitya = 1741;
+
+	version* = "2.5.4";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/libtool/libtool-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "pa6LSrQggh8mSJHQfwGjysAApmZlGJt8wif2cCLzqAAa2jpsTY0jZ-6stS3BWZ2Q";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	exec = make {
+		// _Z2a2c: symbol not found
+		skipEarlyStageCheck = true;
+
+		check = [
+			"TESTSUITEFLAGS=" + jobsFlagE,
+			"check",
+		];
+	};
+
+	inputs = [
+		m4,
+		diffutils,
+	];
+}
+
+package gzip {
+	description = "a popular data compression program";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/gzip";
+	anitya = 1290;
+
+	version* = "1.14";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/gzip/gzip-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "NWhjUavnNfTDFkZJyAUonL9aCOak8GVajWX2OMlzpFnuI0ErpBFyj88mz2xSjz0q";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	exec = make {
+		// dependency loop
+		skipCheck = true;
+	};
+}
+
 package sed {
 	description = "a non-interactive command-line text editor";
 	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/sed";
@@ -20,3 +163,502 @@ package sed {
 		kernel-headers,
 	];
 }
+
+package diffutils {
+	description = "several programs related to finding differences between files";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils";
+	anitya = 436;
+
+	version* = "3.12";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/diffutils/diffutils-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "9J5VAq5oA7eqwzS1Yvw-l3G5o-TccUrNQR3PvyB_lgdryOFAfxtvQfKfhdpquE44";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	writable = true;
+	early = `
+test_disable() { chmod +w "$2" && echo "$1" > "$2"; }
+
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gnulib-tests/test-c32ispunct.sh
+test_disable 'int main(){return 0;}' gnulib-tests/test-c32ispunct.c
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' tests/cmp
+`;
+
+	toyboxEarly = true;
+	exec = make {};
+}
+
+package patch {
+	description = "a program to apply diff output to files";
+	website = "https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/patch";
+	anitya = 2597;
+
+	version* = "2.8";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/patch/patch-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "MA0BQc662i8QYBD-DdGgyyfTwaeALZ1K0yusV9rAmNiIsQdX-69YC4t9JEGXZkeR";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	writable = true;
+	early = `
+test_disable() { chmod +w "$2" && echo "$1" > "$2"; }
+
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' tests/ed-style
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' tests/need-filename
+`;
+
+	toyboxEarly = true;
+	exec = make {};
+}
+
+package gawk {
+	description = "an implementation of awk with GNU extensions";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk";
+	anitya = 868;
+
+	version* = "5.4.0";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "m0RkIolC-PI7EY5q8pcx5Y-0twlIW0Yp3wXXmV-QaHorSdf8BhZ7kW9F8iWomz0C";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	toyboxEarly = true;
+	exec = make {
+		// dependency loop
+		skipCheck = true;
+	};
+}
+
+package grep {
+	description = "searches input for lines containing a match to a pattern";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/grep";
+	anitya = 1251;
+
+	version* = "3.12";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/grep/grep-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "qMB4RjaPNRRYsxix6YOrjE8gyAT1zVSTy4nW4wKW9fqa0CHYAuWgPwDTirENzm_1";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	writable = true;
+	early = `
+test_disable() { chmod +w "$2" && echo "$1" > "$2"; }
+
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gnulib-tests/test-c32ispunct.sh
+test_disable 'int main(){return 0;}' gnulib-tests/test-c32ispunct.c
+`;
+
+	exec = make {};
+
+	inputs = [ diffutils ];
+}
+
+package gettext {
+	description = "tools for producing multi-lingual messages";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext";
+	anitya = 898;
+
+	version* = "1.0";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "3MasKeEdPeFEgWgzsBKk7JqWqql1wEMbgPmzAfs-mluyokoW0N8oQVxPQoOnSdgC";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	writable = true;
+	early = `
+test_disable() { chmod +w "$2" && echo "$1" > "$2"; }
+
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gettext-tools/tests/msgcat-22
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gettext-tools/tests/msgconv-2
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gettext-tools/tests/msgconv-8
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gettext-tools/tests/xgettext-python-3
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gettext-tools/tests/msgmerge-compendium-6
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gettext-tools/tests/gettextpo-1
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gettext-tools/tests/format-c-5
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gettext-tools/gnulib-tests/test-c32ispunct.sh
+test_disable 'int main(){return 0;}' gettext-tools/gnulib-tests/test-stdcountof-h.c
+
+touch gettext-tools/autotools/archive.dir.tar
+`;
+
+	exec = make {};
+
+	inputs = [
+		diffutils,
+		gzip,
+		sed,
+
+		kernel-headers,
+	];
+}
+
+package findutils {
+	description = "the basic directory searching utilities";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/findutils";
+	anitya = 812;
+
+	version* = "4.10.0";
+	source = remoteFile {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/findutils/findutils-"+version+".tar.xz";
+		checksum = "ZXABdNBQXL7QjTygynRRTdXYWxQKZ0Wn5eMd3NUnxR0xaS0u0VfcKoTlbo50zxv6";
+	};
+
+	early = `
+echo '#!/bin/sh' > gnulib-tests/test-c32ispunct.sh
+echo 'int main(){return 0;}' > tests/xargs/test-sigusr.c
+`;
+
+	exec = make {};
+
+	inputs = [
+		diffutils,
+		xz,
+		sed,
+	];
+}
+
+package bash {
+	description = "the Bourne Again SHell";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/bash";
+	anitya = 166;
+
+	version* = "5.3";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/bash/bash-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "4LQ_GRoB_ko-Ih8QPf_xRKA02xAm_TOxQgcJLmFDT6udUPxTAWrsj-ZNeuTusyDq";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	toyboxEarly = true;
+	exec = make {
+		configure = {
+			"without-bash-malloc";
+		};
+		postInstall = "ln -s bash /work/system/bin/sh\n";
+	};
+}
+
+package coreutils {
+	description = "the basic file, shell and text manipulation utilities";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils";
+	anitya = 343;
+
+	version* = "9.11";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/coreutils-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "t8UMed5wpFEoC56aa42_yidfOAaRGzOfj7MRtQkkqgGbpXiskNA8bd-EmVSQkZie";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	toyboxEarly = true;
+	writable = true;
+	early = `
+test_disable() { chmod +w "$2" && echo "$1" > "$2"; }
+
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' gnulib-tests/test-c32ispunct.sh
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' tests/ls/hyperlink.sh
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' tests/misc/user.sh
+test_disable 'int main(){return 0;}' gnulib-tests/test-chown.c
+test_disable 'int main(){return 0;}' gnulib-tests/test-fchownat.c
+test_disable 'int main(){return 0;}' gnulib-tests/test-lchown.c
+`;
+
+	exec = make {
+		configure = {
+			"enable-single-binary": "symlinks";
+		};
+	};
+
+	inputs = [
+		perl,
+		bash,
+
+		kernel-headers,
+	];
+}
+
+package tar {
+	description = "provides the ability to create tar archives";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/tar";
+	anitya = 4939;
+
+	version* = "1.35";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/tar/tar-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "zSaoSlVUDW0dSfm4sbL4FrXLFR8U40Fh3zY5DWhR5NCIJ6GjU6Kc4VZo2-ZqpBRA";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	exec = make {
+		configure = {
+			"disable-acl";
+			"without-posix-acls";
+			"without-xattrs";
+		};
+
+		check = [
+			// very expensive
+			"TARTEST_SKIP_LARGE_FILES=1",
+
+			"TESTSUITEFLAGS=" + jobsFlagE,
+			"check",
+		];
+	};
+
+	inputs = [
+		diffutils,
+
+		gzip,
+		bzip2,
+		zstd,
+	];
+}
+
+package texinfo {
+	description = "the GNU square-wheel-reinvension of man pages";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo";
+	anitya = 4958;
+
+	version* = "7.3";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/texinfo/texinfo-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "RRmC8Xwdof7JuZJeWGAQ_GeASIHAuJFQMbNONXBz5InooKIQGmqmWRjGNGEr5n4-";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	exec = make {
+		// nonstandard glibc extension
+		skipCheck = true;
+	};
+
+	inputs = [ perl ];
+
+	runtime = [
+		perl,
+		gawk,
+	];
+}
+
+package gperf {
+	description = "a perfect hash function generator";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/gperf";
+	anitya = 1237;
+
+	version* = "3.3";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gperf/gperf-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "RtIy9pPb_Bb8-31J2Nw-rRGso2JlS-lDlVhuNYhqR7Nt4xM_nObznxAlBMnarJv7";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	exec = make {};
+
+	inputs = [ diffutils ];
+}
+
+package bc {
+	description = "an arbitrary precision numeric processing language";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/bc";
+	anitya = 170;
+
+	version* = "1.08.2";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/bc/bc-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "8h6f3hjV80XiFs6v9HOPF2KEyg1kuOgn5eeFdVspV05ODBVQss-ey5glc8AmneLy";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	// source expected to be writable
+	writable = true;
+	chmod = true;
+
+	exec = make {};
+
+	inputs = [
+		texinfo,
+	];
+}
+
+package libiconv {
+	description = "iconv implementation independent of glibc";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv";
+	anitya = 10656;
+
+	version* = "1.19";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "UibB6E23y4MksNqYmCCrA3zTFO6vJugD1DEDqqWYFZNuBsUWMVMcncb_5pPAr88x";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	exec = make {};
+}
+
+package parallel {
+	description = "a shell tool for executing jobs in parallel using one or more computers";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/parallel";
+	anitya = 5448;
+
+	version* = "20260422";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/parallel/parallel-"+version+".tar.bz2";
+		checksum = "eTsepxgqhXpMEhPd55qh-W5y4vjKn0x9TD2mzbJCNZYtFf4lT4Wzoqr74HGJYBEH";
+		compress = bzip2;
+	};
+
+	early = `
+ln -s ../system/bin/bash /bin/
+`;
+
+	exec = make {};
+
+	inputs = [
+		perl,
+		bash,
+	];
+
+	runtime = [ perl ];
+}
+
+package libunistring {
+	description = "provides functions for manipulating Unicode strings";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/libunistring";
+	anitya = 1747;
+
+	version* = "1.4.2";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/libunistring/libunistring-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "iW9BbfLoVlXjWoLTZ4AekQSu4cFBnLcZ4W8OHWbv0AhJNgD3j65_zqaLMzFKylg2";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	writable = true;
+	early = `
+test_disable() { chmod +w "$2" && echo "$1" > "$2"; }
+
+test_disable '#!/bin/sh' tests/test-c32ispunct.sh
+test_disable 'int main(){return 0;}' tests/test-c32ispunct.c
+`;
+
+	exec = make {};
+
+	inputs = [
+		diffutils,
+	];
+}
+
+package libtasn1 {
+	description = "the ASN.1 library used by GnuTLS, p11-kit and some other packages";
+	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/libtasn1";
+	anitya = 1734;
+
+	version* = "4.21.0";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/libtasn1/libtasn1-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "9DYI3UYbfYLy8JsKUcY6f0irskbfL0fHZA91Q-JEOA3kiUwpodyjemRsYRjUpjuq";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	exec = make {};
+}
+
+package readline {
+	description = "provides a set of functions for use by applications that allow users to edit command lines as they are typed in";
+	website = "https://tiswww.cwru.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html";
+	anitya = 4173;
+
+	version* = "8.3";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/readline/readline-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "r-lcGRJq_MvvBpOq47Z2Y1OI2iqrmtcqhTLVXR0xWo37ZpC2uT_md7gKq5o_qTMV";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	exec = make {
+		configure = {
+			"with-curses";
+			"with-shared-termcap-library";
+		};
+	};
+
+	inputs = [ ncurses ];
+	runtime = [ ncurses ];
+}
+
+package gmp {
+	description = "a free library for arbitrary precision arithmetic";
+	website = "https://gmplib.org";
+	anitya = 1186;
+
+	version* = "6.3.0";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/"+
+			"gmp-"+version+".tar.bz2";
+		checksum = "yrgbgEDWKDdMWVHh7gPbVl56-sRtVVhfvv0M_LX7xMUUk_mvZ1QOJEAnt7g4i3k5";
+		compress = bzip2;
+	};
+
+	env = [
+		"CC=cc",
+	];
+
+	exec = make {};
+
+	inputs = [ m4 ];
+}
+
+package mpfr {
+	description = "a C library for multiple-precision floating-point computations";
+	website = "https://www.mpfr.org";
+	anitya = 2019;
+
+	version* = "4.2.2";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/"+
+			"mpfr-"+version+".tar.bz2";
+		checksum = "wN3gx0zfIuCn9r3VAn_9bmfvAYILwrRfgBjYSD1IjLqyLrLojNN5vKyQuTE9kA-B";
+		compress = bzip2;
+	};
+
+	exec = make {};
+
+	inputs = [ gmp ];
+	runtime = [ gmp ];
+}
+
+package mpc {
+	description = "a C library for the arithmetic of complex numbers";
+	website = "https://www.multiprecision.org";
+	anitya = 1667;
+
+	version* = "1.4.1";
+	source = remoteGitLab {
+		domain = "gitlab.inria.fr";
+		suffix = "mpc/mpc";
+		ref = version;
+		checksum = "ZffaZyWkvIw0iPvRe5EJ7O-VvHtSkbbb3K_7SgPtK810NvGan7nbF0T5-6tozjQN";
+	};
+
+	// does not find mpc-impl.h otherwise
+	enterSource = true;
+
+	exec = make {
+		inPlace = true;
+		generate = "autoreconf -vfi";
+	};
+
+	inputs = [
+		automake,
+		libtool,
+		texinfo,
+
+		mpfr,
+	];
+
+	runtime = [ mpfr ];
+}
diff --git a/internal/rosa/python.go b/internal/rosa/python.go
index a53cb2ff..93fe0d70 100644
--- a/internal/rosa/python.go
+++ b/internal/rosa/python.go
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func (*PipHelper) createDir() bool { return false }
 func (*PipHelper) wantsDir() string { return `"$(mktemp -d)"` }
 
 // script generates the pip3 install command.
-func (attr *PipHelper) script(_ *S, name string) string {
+func (attr *PipHelper) script(_ Toolchain, name string) string {
 	if attr == nil {
 		attr = new(PipHelper)
 	}
diff --git a/internal/rosa/rosa.go b/internal/rosa/rosa.go
index d1a6c25e..d9d0b9ef 100644
--- a/internal/rosa/rosa.go
+++ b/internal/rosa/rosa.go
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ type Helper interface {
 	// also empty. The special value helperInPlace omits the cd statement.
 	wantsDir() string
 	// script returns the helper-specific segment of cure script.
-	script(s *S, name string) string
+	script(t Toolchain, name string) string
 }
 
 // PackageAttr holds build-system-agnostic attributes.
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ cd '/usr/src/` + name + `/'
 		extraRes,
 		attr.KnownChecksum,
 		attr.Env,
-		scriptEarly+helper.script(t.S, name),
+		scriptEarly+helper.script(t, name),
 		slices.Concat(attr.Paths, []pkg.ExecPath{
 			pkg.Path(AbsUsrSrc.Append(
 				name+sourceSuffix,
@@ -545,11 +545,11 @@ cd '/usr/src/` + name + `/'
 const (
 	// jobsE is expression for preferred job count set by [pkg].
 	jobsE = `"$` + pkg.EnvJobs + `"`
-	// jobsE is expression for flag with preferred job count.
+	// jobsFlagE is expression for flag with preferred job count.
 	jobsFlagE = `"-j$` + pkg.EnvJobs + `"`
 	// jobsLE is expression for twice of preferred job count set by [pkg].
 	jobsLE = `"$(expr ` + jobsE + ` '*' 2)"`
-	// jobsE is expression for flag with double of preferred job count.
+	// jobsLFlagE is expression for flag with double of preferred job count.
 	jobsLFlagE = `"-j$(expr ` + jobsE + ` '*' 2)"`
 )
 
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ func init() {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 	if err = native.EvaluateFS(sub); err != nil {
-		println(err)
+		println(err.Error())
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/internal/rosa/state.go b/internal/rosa/state.go
index b01c4c38..fd363faf 100644
--- a/internal/rosa/state.go
+++ b/internal/rosa/state.go
@@ -382,11 +382,17 @@ func (s *S) getS() []azalea.Frame {
 			return unique.Make(azalea.Ident(name))
 		}
 		s.s = make([]azalea.Frame, 1, 1<<4)
+		s.s[0].Val = map[unique.Handle[azalea.Ident]]any{
+			k("jobsE"):      jobsE,
+			k("jobsFlagE"):  jobsFlagE,
+			k("jobsLE"):     jobsLE,
+			k("jobsLFlagE"): jobsLFlagE,
+		}
 		s.s[0].Func = map[unique.Handle[azalea.Ident]]azalea.F{
 
 			// intenral/pkg built-ins
 
-			unique.Make(azalea.Ident("remoteTar")): {F: func(
+			k("remoteTar"): {F: func(
 				args azalea.FArgs,
 			) (v any, set bool, err error) {
 				var url, checksum string
@@ -398,7 +404,7 @@ func (s *S) getS() []azalea.Frame {
 				}); err != nil {
 					return
 				}
-				v = newTar(url, checksum, compress)
+				v = pkg.NewHTTPGetTar(nil, url, mustDecode(checksum), compress)
 				set = true
 				return
 			}, V: map[unique.Handle[azalea.Ident]]any{
@@ -407,9 +413,43 @@ func (s *S) getS() []azalea.Frame {
 				k("bzip2"):        uint32(pkg.TarBzip2),
 			}},
 
+			k("remoteFile"): {F: func(
+				args azalea.FArgs,
+			) (v any, set bool, err error) {
+				var url, checksum string
+				if err = args.Apply(map[unique.Handle[azalea.Ident]]any{
+					k("url"):      &url,
+					k("checksum"): &checksum,
+				}); err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				v = pkg.NewHTTPGet(nil, url, mustDecode(checksum))
+				set = true
+				return
+			}},
+
+			// convenience functions
+
+			unique.Make(azalea.Ident("remoteGitLab")): {F: func(
+				args azalea.FArgs,
+			) (v any, set bool, err error) {
+				var domain, suffix, ref, checksum string
+				if err = args.Apply(map[unique.Handle[azalea.Ident]]any{
+					k("domain"):   &domain,
+					k("suffix"):   &suffix,
+					k("ref"):      &ref,
+					k("checksum"): &checksum,
+				}); err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				v = newFromGitLab(domain, suffix, ref, checksum)
+				set = true
+				return
+			}},
+
 			// high-level helpers
 
-			unique.Make(azalea.Ident("make")): {F: func(
+			k("make"): {F: func(
 				args azalea.FArgs,
 			) (v any, set bool, err error) {
 				var attr MakeHelper
@@ -429,6 +469,8 @@ func (s *S) getS() []azalea.Frame {
 					k("skipCheck"):     &attr.SkipCheck,
 					k("check"):         &attr.Check,
 					k("install"):       &attr.Install,
+
+					k("skipEarlyStageCheck"): &attr.SkipCheckEarly,
 				}); err != nil {
 					return
 				}
@@ -479,6 +521,8 @@ func (ctx *evalContext) f(
 	var (
 		attr    PackageAttr
 		patches []string
+		excl    bool
+		early   bool
 
 		anitya  int64
 		version string
@@ -501,6 +545,8 @@ func (ctx *evalContext) f(
 		k("env"):         &attr.Env,
 		k("early"):       &attr.ScriptEarly,
 		k("patches"):     &patches,
+		k("exclusive"):   &excl,
+		k("toyboxEarly"): &early,
 
 		k("exec"):    &helper,
 		k("inputs"):  &inputs,
@@ -526,6 +572,12 @@ func (ctx *evalContext) f(
 			unsafe.String(unsafe.SliceData(p), len(p)),
 		})
 	}
+	if excl {
+		attr.Flag |= TExclusive
+	}
+	if early {
+		attr.Flag |= TEarly
+	}
 
 	meta.ID = int(anitya)
 	meta.f = func(t Toolchain) (pkg.Artifact, string) {