diff --git a/internal/rosa/argp-standalone.go b/internal/rosa/argp-standalone.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 36281201..00000000
--- a/internal/rosa/argp-standalone.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-package rosa
-
-import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
-
-func (t Toolchain) newArgpStandalone() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "1.3"
-		checksum = "vtW0VyO2pJ-hPyYmDI2zwSLS8QL0sPAUKC1t3zNYbwN2TmsaE-fADhaVtNd3eNFl"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("argp-standalone", version, newTar(
-		"http://www.lysator.liu.se/~nisse/misc/"+
-			"argp-standalone-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		Env: []string{
-			"CC=cc -std=gnu89 -fPIC",
-		},
-	}, &MakeHelper{
-		Install: `
-install -D -m644 /usr/src/argp-standalone/argp.h /work/system/include/argp.h
-install -D -m755 libargp.a /work/system/lib/libargp.a
-`,
-	},
-		Diffutils,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.mustRegister(Toolchain.newArgpStandalone, &Metadata{
-		Name:        "argp-standalone",
-		Description: "hierarchical argument parsing library broken out from glibc",
-		Website:     "http://www.lysator.liu.se/~nisse/misc/",
-	})
-}
diff --git a/internal/rosa/dtc.go b/internal/rosa/dtc.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 7e830a37..00000000
--- a/internal/rosa/dtc.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-package rosa
-
-import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
-
-func (t Toolchain) newDTC() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "1.7.2"
-		checksum = "vUoiRynPyYRexTpS6USweT5p4SVHvvVJs8uqFkkVD-YnFjwf6v3elQ0-Etrh00Dt"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("dtc", version, newTar(
-		"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/dtc/dtc.git/snapshot/"+
-			"dtc-v"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		// works around buggy test:
-		// fdtdump-runtest.sh /usr/src/dtc/tests/fdtdump.dts
-		Writable: true,
-		Chmod:    true,
-	}, &MesonHelper{
-		Setup: []KV{
-			{"Dyaml", "disabled"},
-			{"Dstatic-build", "true"},
-		},
-	},
-		Flex,
-		Bison,
-		M4,
-		Coreutils,
-		Diffutils,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.mustRegister(Toolchain.newDTC, &Metadata{
-		Name:        "dtc",
-		Description: "The Device Tree Compiler",
-		Website:     "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/dtc/dtc.git/",
-
-		ID: 16911,
-	})
-}
diff --git a/internal/rosa/elfutils.go b/internal/rosa/elfutils.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 5f0987ac..00000000
--- a/internal/rosa/elfutils.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-package rosa
-
-import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
-
-func (t Toolchain) newElfutils() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "0.195"
-		checksum = "JrGnBD38w8Mj0ZxDw3fKlRBFcLvRKu8rcYnX35R9yTlUSYnzTazyLboG-a2CsJlu"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("elfutils", version, newTar(
-		"https://sourceware.org/elfutils/ftp/"+
-			version+"/elfutils-"+version+".tar.bz2",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarBzip2,
-	), &PackageAttr{
-		Env: []string{
-			"CC=cc" +
-				// nonstandard glibc extension
-				" -DFNM_EXTMATCH=0",
-		},
-	}, &MakeHelper{
-		// nonstandard glibc extension
-		SkipCheck: true,
-
-		Configure: []KV{
-			{"enable-deterministic-archives"},
-		},
-	},
-		M4,
-		PkgConfig,
-
-		Zlib,
-		Bzip2,
-		Zstd,
-		ArgpStandalone,
-		MuslFts,
-		MuslObstack,
-		KernelHeaders,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.mustRegister(Toolchain.newElfutils, &Metadata{
-		Name:        "elfutils",
-		Description: "utilities and libraries to handle ELF files and DWARF data",
-		Website:     "https://sourceware.org/elfutils/",
-
-		Dependencies: P{
-			Zlib,
-			Bzip2,
-			Zstd,
-			MuslFts,
-			MuslObstack,
-		},
-
-		ID: 5679,
-	})
-}
diff --git a/internal/rosa/flex.go b/internal/rosa/flex.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 83719413..00000000
--- a/internal/rosa/flex.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-package rosa
-
-import (
-	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
-)
-
-func (t Toolchain) newFlex() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "2.6.4"
-		checksum = "p9POjQU7VhgOf3x5iFro8fjhy0NOanvA7CTeuWS_veSNgCixIJshTrWVkc5XLZkB"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("flex", version, newFromGitHubRelease(
-		"westes/flex",
-		"v"+version,
-		"flex-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), nil, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
-		M4,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.mustRegister(Toolchain.newFlex, &Metadata{
-		Name:        "flex",
-		Description: "scanner generator for lexing in C and C++",
-		Website:     "https://github.com/westes/flex/",
-
-		ID: 819,
-	})
-}
diff --git a/internal/rosa/freetype.go b/internal/rosa/freetype.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 0758bfda..00000000
--- a/internal/rosa/freetype.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-package rosa
-
-import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
-
-func (t Toolchain) newFreetype() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "2.14.3"
-		checksum = "-WfLv8fVJNyCHpP_lriiDzOcVbBL9ajdQ3tl8AzIIUa9-8sVpU9irxOmSMgRHWYz"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("freetype", version, newTar(
-		"https://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/freetype/"+
-			"freetype-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), nil, (*MakeHelper)(nil)), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.mustRegister(Toolchain.newFreetype, &Metadata{
-		Name:        "freetype",
-		Description: "a freely available software library to render fonts",
-		Website:     "http://www.freetype.org/",
-
-		ID: 854,
-	})
-}
diff --git a/internal/rosa/fuse.go b/internal/rosa/fuse.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 45b3f0cf..00000000
--- a/internal/rosa/fuse.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-package rosa
-
-import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
-
-func (t Toolchain) newFuse() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
-	const (
-		version  = "3.18.2"
-		checksum = "iL-7b7eUtmlVSf5cSq0dzow3UiqSjBmzV3cI_ENPs1tXcHdktkG45j1V12h-4jZe"
-	)
-	return t.NewPackage("fuse", version, newFromGitHubRelease(
-		"libfuse/libfuse",
-		"fuse-"+version,
-		"fuse-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	), nil, &MesonHelper{
-		Setup: []KV{
-			{"Ddefault_library", "both"},
-			{"Dtests", "true"},
-			{"Duseroot", "false"},
-			{"Dinitscriptdir", "/system/etc"},
-		},
-
-		ScriptCompiled: "python3 -m pytest test/",
-		// this project uses pytest
-		SkipTest: true,
-	},
-		PythonPyTest,
-
-		KernelHeaders,
-	), version
-}
-func init() {
-	native.mustRegister(Toolchain.newFuse, &Metadata{
-		Name:        "fuse",
-		Description: "the reference implementation of the Linux FUSE interface",
-		Website:     "https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/",
-
-		ID: 861,
-	})
-}
diff --git a/internal/rosa/package/argp-standalone.az b/internal/rosa/package/argp-standalone.az
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..44fb007a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/rosa/package/argp-standalone.az
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package argp-standalone {
+	description = "hierarchical argument parsing library broken out from glibc";
+	website = "http://www.lysator.liu.se/~nisse/misc";
+
+	version* = "1.3";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "http://www.lysator.liu.se/~nisse/misc/"+
+			"argp-standalone-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "vtW0VyO2pJ-hPyYmDI2zwSLS8QL0sPAUKC1t3zNYbwN2TmsaE-fADhaVtNd3eNFl";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	env = [
+		"CC=cc -std=gnu89 -fPIC",
+	];
+
+	exec = make {
+		install = `
+install -D -m644 /usr/src/argp-standalone/argp.h /work/system/include/argp.h
+install -D -m755 libargp.a /work/system/lib/libargp.a
+`;
+	};
+
+	inputs = [ diffutils ];
+}
diff --git a/internal/rosa/package/dtc.az b/internal/rosa/package/dtc.az
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d2b7dafc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/rosa/package/dtc.az
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package dtc {
+	description = "The Device Tree Compiler";
+	website = "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/dtc/dtc.git";
+	anitya = 16911;
+
+	version* = "1.7.2";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/dtc/dtc.git/snapshot/"+
+			"dtc-v"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "vUoiRynPyYRexTpS6USweT5p4SVHvvVJs8uqFkkVD-YnFjwf6v3elQ0-Etrh00Dt";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	// works around buggy test:
+	// fdtdump-runtest.sh /usr/src/dtc/tests/fdtdump.dts
+	writable = true;
+	chmod = true;
+
+	exec = meson {
+		setup = {
+			"Dyaml": "disabled";
+			"Dstatic-build": "true";
+		};
+	};
+
+	inputs = [
+		flex,
+		bison,
+		m4,
+		coreutils,
+		diffutils,
+	];
+}
diff --git a/internal/rosa/package/elfutils.az b/internal/rosa/package/elfutils.az
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0f029a8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/rosa/package/elfutils.az
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package elfutils {
+	description = "utilities and libraries to handle ELF files and DWARF data";
+	website = "https://sourceware.org/elfutils";
+	anitya = 5679;
+
+	version* = "0.195";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://sourceware.org/elfutils/ftp/"+
+			version+"/elfutils-"+version+".tar.bz2";
+		checksum = "JrGnBD38w8Mj0ZxDw3fKlRBFcLvRKu8rcYnX35R9yTlUSYnzTazyLboG-a2CsJlu";
+		compress = bzip2;
+	};
+
+	env = [
+		"CC=cc" +
+			// nonstandard glibc extension
+			" -DFNM_EXTMATCH=0",
+	];
+
+	exec = make {
+		// nonstandard glibc extension
+		skipCheck = true;
+
+		configure = {
+			"enable-deterministic-archives";
+		};
+	};
+
+	inputs = [
+		m4,
+		pkg-config,
+
+		zlib,
+		bzip2,
+		zstd,
+		argp-standalone,
+		musl-fts,
+		musl-obstack,
+		kernel-headers,
+	];
+
+	runtime = [
+		zlib,
+		bzip2,
+		zstd,
+		musl-fts,
+		musl-obstack,
+	];
+}
diff --git a/internal/rosa/package/flex.az b/internal/rosa/package/flex.az
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6f4c6d68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/rosa/package/flex.az
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package flex {
+	description = "scanner generator for lexing in C and C++";
+	website = "https://github.com/westes/flex";
+	anitya = 819;
+
+	version* = "2.6.4";
+	source = remoteGitHubRelease {
+		suffix = "westes/flex";
+		tag = "v"+version;
+		name = "flex-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "p9POjQU7VhgOf3x5iFro8fjhy0NOanvA7CTeuWS_veSNgCixIJshTrWVkc5XLZkB";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	exec = make {};
+
+	inputs = [ m4 ];
+}
diff --git a/internal/rosa/package/freetype.az b/internal/rosa/package/freetype.az
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35922168
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/rosa/package/freetype.az
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package freetype {
+	description = "a freely available software library to render fonts";
+	website = "http://www.freetype.org";
+	anitya = 854;
+
+	version* = "2.14.3";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/freetype/"+
+			"freetype-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "-WfLv8fVJNyCHpP_lriiDzOcVbBL9ajdQ3tl8AzIIUa9-8sVpU9irxOmSMgRHWYz";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	exec = make {};
+}
diff --git a/internal/rosa/package/fuse.az b/internal/rosa/package/fuse.az
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..68241602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/rosa/package/fuse.az
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package fuse {
+	description = "the reference implementation of the Linux FUSE interface";
+	website = "https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse";
+	anitya = 861;
+
+	version* = "3.18.2";
+	source = remoteGitHubRelease {
+		suffix = "libfuse/libfuse";
+		tag = "fuse-"+version;
+		name = "fuse-"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "iL-7b7eUtmlVSf5cSq0dzow3UiqSjBmzV3cI_ENPs1tXcHdktkG45j1V12h-4jZe";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	exec = meson {
+		setup = {
+			"Ddefault_library": "both";
+			"Dtests": "true";
+			"Duseroot": "false";
+			"Dinitscriptdir": "/system/etc";
+		};
+
+		postCompile = "python3 -m pytest test/";
+		// this project uses pytest
+		skipTest = true;
+	};
+
+	inputs = [
+		python-pytest,
+
+		kernel-headers,
+	];
+}