release: 0.2.5

Signed-off-by: Ophestra Umiker <cat@ophivana.moe>

.gitea/workflows/nix.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+name: Nix
+
+on:
+  - push
+  - pull_request
+
+jobs:
+  tests:
+    name: NixOS tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+
+      - name: Install Nix
+        uses: cachix/install-nix-action@08dcb3a5e62fa31e2da3d490afc4176ef55ecd72 # v30
+        with:
+          # explicitly enable sandbox
+          install_options: --daemon
+          extra_nix_config: |
+            sandbox = true
+            system-features = nixos-test benchmark big-parallel kvm
+          enable_kvm: true
+
+      - name: Ensure environment
+        run: >-
+          apt-get update && apt-get install -y sqlite3
+        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
+
+      - name: Restore Nix store
+        uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@v5
+        with:
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix') }}
+          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-
+
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: |
+          nix --print-build-logs --experimental-features 'nix-command flakes' flake check --all-systems
+          nix build --out-link "result" --print-out-paths --print-build-logs .#checks.x86_64-linux.nixos-tests
+
+      - name: Upload test output
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: "result"
+          path: result/*
+          retention-days: 1

.gitea/workflows/release.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: release
+name: Create distribution
 
 on:
   push:
@@ -7,32 +7,47 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   release:
+    name: Release
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container:
+      image: node:16-bookworm-slim
     steps:
+      - name: Get dependencies
+        run: >-
+          echo 'deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-backports main' >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/backports.list &&
+          apt-get update &&
+          apt-get install -y
+          acl
+          git
+          gcc
+          pkg-config
+          libwayland-dev
+          wayland-protocols/bookworm-backports
+          libxcb1-dev
+          libacl1-dev
+        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
+
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
-      - name: Set up go
+
+      - name: Setup go
         uses: https://github.com/actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: '>=1.20.1'
+          go-version: '>=1.23.0'
-      - name: Get dependencies
+
+      - name: Go generate
         run: >-
-          sudo apt-get update &&
+          go generate ./...
-          sudo apt-get install -y
+
-          gcc
+      - name: Build for release
-          pkg-config
+        run: FORTIFY_VERSION='${{ github.ref_name }}' ./dist/release.sh
-          libacl1-dev
+
-        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
-      - name: Build for Linux
-        run: >-
-          sh -c "go build -v -ldflags '-s -w -X main.Version=${{ github.ref_name }}' -o bin/fortify &&
-          sha256sum --tag -b bin/fortify > bin/fortify.sha256"
       - name: Release
         id: use-go-action
         uses: https://gitea.com/actions/release-action@main
         with:
           files: |-
-            bin/**
+            dist/fortify-**
           api_key: '${{secrets.RELEASE_TOKEN}}'

.gitea/workflows/test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+name: Tests
+
+on:
+  - push
+  - pull_request
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    name: Go tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container:
+      image: node:16-bookworm-slim
+    steps:
+      - name: Enable backports
+        run: >-
+          echo 'deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-backports main' >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/backports.list
+        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
+
+      - name: Ensure environment
+        run: >-
+          apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl wget sudo libxml2
+        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
+
+      - name: Get dependencies
+        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@latest
+        with:
+          packages: acl git gcc pkg-config libwayland-dev wayland-protocols/bookworm-backports libxcb1-dev libacl1-dev
+          version: 1.0
+          #execute_install_scripts: true
+        if: ${{ runner.os == 'Linux' }}
+
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Setup go
+        uses: https://github.com/actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: '>=1.23.0'
+
+      - name: Go generate
+        run: >-
+          go generate ./...
+
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: >-
+          go test ./...
+
+      - name: Build for test
+        id: build-test
+        run: >-
+          FORTIFY_VERSION="$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
+          bash -c './dist/release.sh &&
+          echo "rev=$FORTIFY_VERSION" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT'
+
+      - name: Upload test build
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: "fortify-${{ steps.build-test.outputs.rev }}"
+          path: dist/fortify-*
+          retention-days: 1

.gitignore

@@ -23,3 +23,9 @@ go.work.sum
 .env
 .idea
 .vscode
+
+# go generate
+security-context-v1-protocol.*
+
+# release
+/dist/fortify-*

README.md

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 Fortify
 =======
 
-[![Go Reference](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify.svg)](https://pkg.go.dev/git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify)
+[![Go Reference](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify.svg)](https://pkg.go.dev/git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify)
+[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify)](https://goreportcard.com/report/git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify)
 
-Lets you run graphical applications as another user ~~in an Android-like sandbox environment~~ (WIP) with a nice NixOS
+Lets you run graphical applications as another user in a confined environment with a nice NixOS
 module to configure target users and provide launchers and desktop files for your privileged user.
 
 Why would you want this?
@@ -12,26 +13,19 @@ Why would you want this?
 
 - It protects applications from each other.
 
-- It provides UID isolation on top of ~~the standard application sandbox~~ (WIP).
+- It provides UID isolation on top of the standard application sandbox.
-
-There are a few different things to set up for this to work:
-
-- A set of users, each for a group of applications that should be allowed access to each other
-
-- A tool to switch users, currently sudo and machinectl are supported.
-
-- If you are running NixOS, the module in this repository can take care of launchers and desktop files in the privileged
-  user's environment, as well as packages and extra home-manager configuration for target users.
 
 If you have a flakes-enabled nix environment, you can try out the tool by running:
 
 ```shell
-nix run git+https://git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify -- -h
+nix run git+https://git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify -- help
 ```
 
 ## Module usage
 
-The NixOS module currently requires home-manager and impermanence to function correctly.
+The NixOS module currently requires home-manager to function correctly.
+
+Full module documentation can be found [here](options.md).
 
 To use the module, import it into your configuration with
 
@@ -41,7 +35,7 @@ To use the module, import it into your configuration with
     nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-24.05";
 
     fortify = {
-      url = "git+https://git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify";
+      url = "git+https://git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify";
 
       # Optional but recommended to limit the size of your system closure.
       inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
@@ -68,21 +62,21 @@ This adds the `environment.fortify` option:
 {
   environment.fortify = {
     enable = true;
-    user = "nixos";
+    stateDir = "/var/lib/persist/module/fortify";
-    stateDir = "/var/lib/persist/module";
+    users = {
-    target = {
+      alice = 0;
-      chronos = {
+      nixos = 10;
-        launchers = {
-          weechat.method = "sudo";
-          claws-mail.capability.pulse = false;
-
-          discord = {
-            command = "vesktop --ozone-platform-hint=wayland";
-            share = pkgs.vesktop;
     };
 
-          chromium.dbus = {
+    apps = [
-            configSystem = {
+      {
+        name = "chromium";
+        id = "org.chromium.Chromium";
+        packages = [ pkgs.chromium ];
+        userns = true;
+        mapRealUid = true;
+        dbus = {
+          system = {
             filter = true;
             talk = [
               "org.bluez"
@@ -90,10 +84,10 @@ This adds the `environment.fortify` option:
               "org.freedesktop.UPower"
             ];
           };
-            config = {
+          session =
-              filter = true;
+            f:
+            f {
               talk = [
-                "org.freedesktop.DBus"
                 "org.freedesktop.FileManager1"
                 "org.freedesktop.Notifications"
                 "org.freedesktop.ScreenSaver"
@@ -106,74 +100,63 @@ This adds the `environment.fortify` option:
                 "org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.org.chromium.Chromium.*"
                 "org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.chromium.*"
               ];
-              call = {
+              call = { };
-                "org.freedesktop.portal.*" = "*";
+              broadcast = { };
-              };
-              broadcast = {
-                "org.freedesktop.portal.*" = "@/org/freedesktop/portal/*";
             };
         };
+      }
+      {
+        name = "claws-mail";
+        id = "org.claws_mail.Claws-Mail";
+        packages = [ pkgs.claws-mail ];
+        gpu = false;
+        capability.pulse = false;
+      }
+      {
+        name = "weechat";
+        packages = [ pkgs.weechat ];
+        capability = {
+          wayland = false;
+          x11 = false;
+          dbus = true;
+          pulse = false;
         };
+      }
+      {
+        name = "discord";
+        id = "dev.vencord.Vesktop";
+        packages = [ pkgs.vesktop ];
+        share = pkgs.vesktop;
+        command = "vesktop --ozone-platform-hint=wayland";
+        userns = true;
+        mapRealUid = true;
+        capability.x11 = true;
+        dbus = {
+          session =
+            f:
+            f {
+              talk = [ "org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher" ];
+              own = [ ];
+              call = { };
+              broadcast = { };
             };
-        packages = with pkgs; [
+          system.filter = true;
-          weechat
+        };
-          claws-mail
+      }
-          vesktop
+      {
-          chromium
+        name = "looking-glass-client";
-        ];
+        groups = [ "plugdev" ];
-        persistence.directories = [
+        extraPaths = [
-          ".config/weechat"
+          {
-          ".claws-mail"
+            src = "/dev/shm/looking-glass";
-          ".config/vesktop"
+            write = true;
+          }
         ];
         extraConfig = {
           programs.looking-glass-client.enable = true;
         };
-      };
+      }
-    };
+    ];
   };
 }
 ```
-
-* `enable` determines whether the module should be enabled or not. Useful when sharing configurations between graphical
-  and headless systems. Defaults to `false`.
-
-* `user` specifies the privileged user with access to fortified applications.
-
-* `stateDir` is the path to your persistent storage location. It is directly passed through to the impermanence module.
-
-* `target` is an attribute set of submodules, where the attribute name is the username of the unprivileged target user.
-
-  The available options are:
-
-    * `packages`, the list of packages to make available in the target user's environment.
-
-    * `persistence`, user persistence attribute set passed to impermanence.
-
-    * `extraConfig`, extra home-manager configuration for the target user.
-
-    * `launchers`, attribute set where the attribute name is the name of the launcher.
-
-      The available options are:
-
-        * `command`, the command to run as the target user. Defaults to launcher name.
-
-        * `dbus.config`, D-Bus proxy custom configuration.
-
-        * `dbus.configSystem`, D-Bus system bus custom configuration, null to disable.
-
-        * `dbus.id`, D-Bus application id, has no effect if `dbus.config` is set.
-
-        * `dbus.mpris`, whether to enable MPRIS defaults, has no effect if `dbus.config` is set.
-
-        * `capability.wayland`, whether to share the Wayland socket.
-
-        * `capability.x11`, whether to share the X11 socket and allow connection.
-
-        * `capability.dbus`, whether to proxy D-Bus.
-
-        * `capability.pulse`, whether to share the PulseAudio socket and cookie.
-
-        * `share`, package containing desktop/icon files. Defaults to launcher name.
-
-        * `method`, the launch method for the sandboxed program, can be `"fortify"`, `"fortify-sudo"`, `"sudo"`.

acl/acl.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Package acl implements simple ACL manipulation via libacl.
+package acl
+
+type Perms []Perm
+
+func (ps Perms) String() string {
+	var s = []byte("---")
+	for _, p := range ps {
+		switch p {
+		case Read:
+			s[0] = 'r'
+		case Write:
+			s[1] = 'w'
+		case Execute:
+			s[2] = 'x'
+		}
+	}
+	return string(s)
+}

acl/acl_getfacl_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+package acl_test
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+type (
+	getFAclInvocation struct {
+		cmd *exec.Cmd
+		val []*getFAclResp
+		pe  []error
+	}
+
+	getFAclResp struct {
+		typ  fAclType
+		cred int32
+		val  fAclPerm
+
+		raw []byte
+	}
+
+	fAclPerm uintptr
+	fAclType uint8
+)
+
+const fAclBufSize = 16
+
+const (
+	fAclPermRead fAclPerm = 1 << iota
+	fAclPermWrite
+	fAclPermExecute
+)
+
+const (
+	fAclTypeUser fAclType = iota
+	fAclTypeGroup
+	fAclTypeMask
+	fAclTypeOther
+)
+
+func (c *getFAclInvocation) run(name string) error {
+	if c.cmd != nil {
+		panic("attempted to run twice")
+	}
+
+	c.cmd = exec.Command("getfacl", "--omit-header", "--absolute-names", "--numeric", name)
+
+	scanErr := make(chan error, 1)
+	if p, err := c.cmd.StdoutPipe(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else {
+		go c.parse(p, scanErr)
+	}
+
+	if err := c.cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return errors.Join(<-scanErr, c.cmd.Wait())
+}
+
+func (c *getFAclInvocation) parse(pipe io.Reader, scanErr chan error) {
+	c.val = make([]*getFAclResp, 0, 4+fAclBufSize)
+
+	s := bufio.NewScanner(pipe)
+	for s.Scan() {
+		fields := bytes.SplitN(s.Bytes(), []byte{':'}, 3)
+		if len(fields) != 3 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		resp := getFAclResp{}
+
+		switch string(fields[0]) {
+		case "user":
+			resp.typ = fAclTypeUser
+		case "group":
+			resp.typ = fAclTypeGroup
+		case "mask":
+			resp.typ = fAclTypeMask
+		case "other":
+			resp.typ = fAclTypeOther
+		default:
+			c.pe = append(c.pe, fmt.Errorf("unknown type %s", string(fields[0])))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if len(fields[1]) == 0 {
+			resp.cred = -1
+		} else {
+			if cred, err := strconv.Atoi(string(fields[1])); err != nil {
+				c.pe = append(c.pe, err)
+				continue
+			} else {
+				resp.cred = int32(cred)
+				if resp.cred < 0 {
+					c.pe = append(c.pe, fmt.Errorf("credential %d out of range", resp.cred))
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if len(fields[2]) != 3 {
+			c.pe = append(c.pe, fmt.Errorf("invalid perm length %d", len(fields[2])))
+			continue
+		} else {
+			switch fields[2][0] {
+			case 'r':
+				resp.val |= fAclPermRead
+			case '-':
+			default:
+				c.pe = append(c.pe, fmt.Errorf("invalid perm %v", fields[2][0]))
+				continue
+			}
+			switch fields[2][1] {
+			case 'w':
+				resp.val |= fAclPermWrite
+			case '-':
+			default:
+				c.pe = append(c.pe, fmt.Errorf("invalid perm %v", fields[2][1]))
+				continue
+			}
+			switch fields[2][2] {
+			case 'x':
+				resp.val |= fAclPermExecute
+			case '-':
+			default:
+				c.pe = append(c.pe, fmt.Errorf("invalid perm %v", fields[2][2]))
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+
+		resp.raw = make([]byte, len(s.Bytes()))
+		copy(resp.raw, s.Bytes())
+		c.val = append(c.val, &resp)
+	}
+	scanErr <- s.Err()
+}
+
+func (r *getFAclResp) String() string {
+	if r.raw != nil && len(r.raw) > 0 {
+		return string(r.raw)
+	}
+
+	return "(user-initialised resp value)"
+}
+
+func (r *getFAclResp) equals(typ fAclType, cred int32, val fAclPerm) bool {
+	return r.typ == typ && r.cred == cred && r.val == val
+}

acl/acl_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package acl_test
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/acl"
+)
+
+const testFileName = "acl.test"
+
+var (
+	uid  = os.Geteuid()
+	cred = int32(os.Geteuid())
+)
+
+func TestUpdatePerm(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Getenv("GO_TEST_SKIP_ACL") == "1" {
+		t.Log("acl test skipped")
+		t.SkipNow()
+	}
+
+	testFilePath := path.Join(t.TempDir(), testFileName)
+
+	if f, err := os.Create(testFilePath); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Create: error = %v", err)
+	} else {
+		if err = f.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Close: error = %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := os.Remove(testFilePath); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Remove: error = %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	cur := getfacl(t, testFilePath)
+
+	t.Run("default entry count", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if len(cur) != 3 {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected test file acl length %d", len(cur))
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("default clear mask", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if err := acl.UpdatePerm(testFilePath, uid); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("UpdatePerm: error = %v", err)
+		}
+		if cur = getfacl(t, testFilePath); len(cur) != 4 {
+			t.Fatalf("UpdatePerm: %v", cur)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("default clear consistency", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if err := acl.UpdatePerm(testFilePath, uid); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("UpdatePerm: error = %v", err)
+		}
+		if val := getfacl(t, testFilePath); !reflect.DeepEqual(val, cur) {
+			t.Fatalf("UpdatePerm: %v, want %v", val, cur)
+		}
+	})
+
+	testUpdate(t, testFilePath, "r--", cur, fAclPermRead, acl.Read)
+	testUpdate(t, testFilePath, "-w-", cur, fAclPermWrite, acl.Write)
+	testUpdate(t, testFilePath, "--x", cur, fAclPermExecute, acl.Execute)
+	testUpdate(t, testFilePath, "-wx", cur, fAclPermWrite|fAclPermExecute, acl.Write, acl.Execute)
+	testUpdate(t, testFilePath, "r-x", cur, fAclPermRead|fAclPermExecute, acl.Read, acl.Execute)
+	testUpdate(t, testFilePath, "rw-", cur, fAclPermRead|fAclPermWrite, acl.Read, acl.Write)
+	testUpdate(t, testFilePath, "rwx", cur, fAclPermRead|fAclPermWrite|fAclPermExecute, acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute)
+}
+
+func testUpdate(t *testing.T, testFilePath, name string, cur []*getFAclResp, val fAclPerm, perms ...acl.Perm) {
+	t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Cleanup(func() {
+			if err := acl.UpdatePerm(testFilePath, uid); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("UpdatePerm: error = %v", err)
+			}
+			if v := getfacl(t, testFilePath); !reflect.DeepEqual(v, cur) {
+				t.Fatalf("UpdatePerm: %v, want %v", v, cur)
+			}
+		})
+
+		if err := acl.UpdatePerm(testFilePath, uid, perms...); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("UpdatePerm: error = %v", err)
+		}
+		r := respByCred(getfacl(t, testFilePath), fAclTypeUser, cred)
+		if r == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("UpdatePerm did not add an ACL entry")
+		}
+		if !r.equals(fAclTypeUser, cred, val) {
+			t.Fatalf("UpdatePerm(%s) = %s", name, r)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func getfacl(t *testing.T, name string) []*getFAclResp {
+	c := new(getFAclInvocation)
+	if err := c.run(name); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("getfacl: error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(c.pe) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("errors encountered parsing getfacl output\n%s", errors.Join(c.pe...).Error())
+	}
+	return c.val
+}
+
+func respByCred(v []*getFAclResp, typ fAclType, cred int32) *getFAclResp {
+	j := -1
+	for i, r := range v {
+		if r.typ == typ && r.cred == cred {
+			if j != -1 {
+				panic("invalid acl")
+			}
+			j = i
+		}
+	}
+	if j == -1 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return v[j]
+}

acl/c.go

@@ -1,50 +1,95 @@
 package acl
 
+import "C"
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
+	"runtime"
 	"syscall"
 	"unsafe"
 )
 
-//#include <stdlib.h>
+/*
-//#include <sys/acl.h>
+#cgo linux pkg-config: libacl
-//#include <acl/libacl.h>
-//#cgo linux LDFLAGS: -lacl
-import "C"
 
-type acl struct {
+#include <stdlib.h>
-	val   C.acl_t
+#include <sys/acl.h>
-	freed bool
+#include <acl/libacl.h>
+
+static acl_t _go_acl_get_file(const char *path_p, acl_type_t type) {
+	acl_t acl = acl_get_file(path_p, type);
+	free((void *)path_p);
+	return acl;
 }
 
-func aclGetFile(path string, t C.acl_type_t) (*acl, error) {
+static int _go_acl_set_file(const char *path_p, acl_type_t type, acl_t acl) {
-	p := C.CString(path)
+	if (acl_valid(acl) != 0) {
-	a, err := C.acl_get_file(p, t)
+		return -1;
-	C.free(unsafe.Pointer(p))
+	}
 
+	int ret = acl_set_file(path_p, type, acl);
+	free((void *)path_p);
+	return ret;
+}
+*/
+import "C"
+
+func getFile(name string, t C.acl_type_t) (*ACL, error) {
+	a, err := C._go_acl_get_file(C.CString(name), t)
 	if errors.Is(err, syscall.ENODATA) {
 		err = nil
 	}
-	return &acl{val: a, freed: false}, err
+
+	return newACL(a), err
 }
 
-func (a *acl) setFile(path string, t C.acl_type_t) error {
+func (acl *ACL) setFile(name string, t C.acl_type_t) error {
-	if C.acl_valid(a.val) != 0 {
+	_, err := C._go_acl_set_file(C.CString(name), t, acl.acl)
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid acl")
-	}
-
-	p := C.CString(path)
-	_, err := C.acl_set_file(p, t, a.val)
-	C.free(unsafe.Pointer(p))
 	return err
 }
 
-func (a *acl) removeEntry(tt C.acl_tag_t, tq int) error {
+func newACL(a C.acl_t) *ACL {
+	acl := &ACL{a}
+	runtime.SetFinalizer(acl, (*ACL).free)
+	return acl
+}
+
+type ACL struct {
+	acl C.acl_t
+}
+
+func (acl *ACL) free() {
+	C.acl_free(unsafe.Pointer(acl.acl))
+
+	// no need for a finalizer anymore
+	runtime.SetFinalizer(acl, nil)
+}
+
+const (
+	Read    = C.ACL_READ
+	Write   = C.ACL_WRITE
+	Execute = C.ACL_EXECUTE
+
+	TypeDefault = C.ACL_TYPE_DEFAULT
+	TypeAccess  = C.ACL_TYPE_ACCESS
+
+	UndefinedTag = C.ACL_UNDEFINED_TAG
+	UserObj      = C.ACL_USER_OBJ
+	User         = C.ACL_USER
+	GroupObj     = C.ACL_GROUP_OBJ
+	Group        = C.ACL_GROUP
+	Mask         = C.ACL_MASK
+	Other        = C.ACL_OTHER
+)
+
+type (
+	Perm C.acl_perm_t
+)
+
+func (acl *ACL) removeEntry(tt C.acl_tag_t, tq int) error {
 	var e C.acl_entry_t
 
 	// get first entry
-	if r, err := C.acl_get_entry(a.val, C.ACL_FIRST_ENTRY, &e); err != nil {
+	if r, err := C.acl_get_entry(acl.acl, C.ACL_FIRST_ENTRY, &e); err != nil {
 		return err
 	} else if r == 0 {
 		// return on acl with no entries
@@ -52,7 +97,7 @@ func (a *acl) removeEntry(tt C.acl_tag_t, tq int) error {
 	}
 
 	for {
-		if r, err := C.acl_get_entry(a.val, C.ACL_NEXT_ENTRY, &e); err != nil {
+		if r, err := C.acl_get_entry(acl.acl, C.ACL_NEXT_ENTRY, &e); err != nil {
 			return err
 		} else if r == 0 {
 			// return on drained acl
@@ -84,16 +129,68 @@ func (a *acl) removeEntry(tt C.acl_tag_t, tq int) error {
 
 		// delete on match
 		if t == tt && q == tq {
-			_, err := C.acl_delete_entry(a.val, e)
+			_, err := C.acl_delete_entry(acl.acl, e)
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func (a *acl) free() {
+func UpdatePerm(name string, uid int, perms ...Perm) error {
-	if a.freed {
+	// read acl from file
-		panic("acl already freed")
+	a, err := getFile(name, TypeAccess)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
-	C.acl_free(unsafe.Pointer(a.val))
+	// free acl on return if get is successful
-	a.freed = true
+	defer a.free()
+
+	// remove existing entry
+	if err = a.removeEntry(User, uid); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// create new entry if perms are passed
+	if len(perms) > 0 {
+		// create new acl entry
+		var e C.acl_entry_t
+		if _, err = C.acl_create_entry(&a.acl, &e); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// get perm set of new entry
+		var p C.acl_permset_t
+		if _, err = C.acl_get_permset(e, &p); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// add target perms
+		for _, perm := range perms {
+			if _, err = C.acl_add_perm(p, C.acl_perm_t(perm)); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		// set perm set to new entry
+		if _, err = C.acl_set_permset(e, p); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// set user tag to new entry
+		if _, err = C.acl_set_tag_type(e, User); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// set qualifier (uid) to new entry
+		if _, err = C.acl_set_qualifier(e, unsafe.Pointer(&uid)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// calculate mask after update
+	if _, err = C.acl_calc_mask(&a.acl); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// write acl to file
+	return a.setFile(name, TypeAccess)
 }

acl/export.go

@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-package acl
-
-import "unsafe"
-
-//#include <stdlib.h>
-//#include <sys/acl.h>
-//#include <acl/libacl.h>
-//#cgo linux LDFLAGS: -lacl
-import "C"
-
-const (
-	Read    = C.ACL_READ
-	Write   = C.ACL_WRITE
-	Execute = C.ACL_EXECUTE
-
-	TypeDefault = C.ACL_TYPE_DEFAULT
-	TypeAccess  = C.ACL_TYPE_ACCESS
-
-	UndefinedTag = C.ACL_UNDEFINED_TAG
-	UserObj      = C.ACL_USER_OBJ
-	User         = C.ACL_USER
-	GroupObj     = C.ACL_GROUP_OBJ
-	Group        = C.ACL_GROUP
-	Mask         = C.ACL_MASK
-	Other        = C.ACL_OTHER
-)
-
-type Perm C.acl_perm_t
-
-func UpdatePerm(path string, uid int, perms ...Perm) error {
-	// read acl from file
-	a, err := aclGetFile(path, TypeAccess)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	// free acl on return if get is successful
-	defer a.free()
-
-	// remove existing entry
-	if err = a.removeEntry(User, uid); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// create new entry if perms are passed
-	if len(perms) > 0 {
-		// create new acl entry
-		var e C.acl_entry_t
-		if _, err = C.acl_create_entry(&a.val, &e); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		// get perm set of new entry
-		var p C.acl_permset_t
-		if _, err = C.acl_get_permset(e, &p); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		// add target perms
-		for _, perm := range perms {
-			if _, err = C.acl_add_perm(p, C.acl_perm_t(perm)); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-
-		// set perm set to new entry
-		if _, err = C.acl_set_permset(e, p); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		// set user tag to new entry
-		if _, err = C.acl_set_tag_type(e, User); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		// set qualifier (uid) to new entry
-		if _, err = C.acl_set_qualifier(e, unsafe.Pointer(&uid)); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	// calculate mask after update
-	if _, err = C.acl_calc_mask(&a.val); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// write acl to file
-	return a.setFile(path, TypeAccess)
-}

cmd/finit/ipc/payload.go

@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 package init0
 
-const EnvInit = "FORTIFY_INIT"
+const Env = "FORTIFY_INIT"
 
 type Payload struct {
 	// target full exec path
 	Argv0 string
 	// child full argv
 	Argv []string
-	// wayland fd, -1 to disable
-	WL int
 
 	// verbosity pass through
 	Verbose bool

cmd/finit/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/signal"
+	"path"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	init0 "git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/cmd/finit/ipc"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/proc"
+)
+
+const (
+	// time to wait for linger processes after death of initial process
+	residualProcessTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+)
+
+// everything beyond this point runs within pid namespace
+// proceed with caution!
+
+func main() {
+	// sharing stdout with shim
+	// USE WITH CAUTION
+	fmsg.SetPrefix("init")
+
+	// setting this prevents ptrace
+	if err := internal.PR_SET_DUMPABLE__SUID_DUMP_DISABLE(); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Fatalf("cannot set SUID_DUMP_DISABLE: %s", err)
+		panic("unreachable")
+	}
+
+	if os.Getpid() != 1 {
+		fmsg.Fatal("this process must run as pid 1")
+		panic("unreachable")
+	}
+
+	// re-exec
+	if len(os.Args) > 0 && (os.Args[0] != "finit" || len(os.Args) != 1) && path.IsAbs(os.Args[0]) {
+		if err := syscall.Exec(os.Args[0], []string{"finit"}, os.Environ()); err != nil {
+			fmsg.Println("cannot re-exec self:", err)
+			// continue anyway
+		}
+	}
+
+	// receive setup payload
+	var (
+		payload    init0.Payload
+		closeSetup func() error
+	)
+	if f, err := proc.Receive(init0.Env, &payload); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, proc.ErrInvalid) {
+			fmsg.Fatal("invalid config descriptor")
+		}
+		if errors.Is(err, proc.ErrNotSet) {
+			fmsg.Fatal("FORTIFY_INIT not set")
+		}
+
+		fmsg.Fatalf("cannot decode init setup payload: %v", err)
+		panic("unreachable")
+	} else {
+		fmsg.SetVerbose(payload.Verbose)
+		closeSetup = f
+
+		// child does not need to see this
+		if err = os.Unsetenv(init0.Env); err != nil {
+			fmsg.Printf("cannot unset %s: %v", init0.Env, err)
+			// not fatal
+		} else {
+			fmsg.VPrintln("received configuration")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// die with parent
+	if err := internal.PR_SET_PDEATHSIG__SIGKILL(); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Fatalf("prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL): %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cmd := exec.Command(payload.Argv0)
+	cmd.Stdin, cmd.Stdout, cmd.Stderr = os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr
+	cmd.Args = payload.Argv
+	cmd.Env = os.Environ()
+
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Fatalf("cannot start %q: %v", payload.Argv0, err)
+	}
+	fmsg.Suspend()
+
+	// close setup pipe as setup is now complete
+	if err := closeSetup(); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Println("cannot close setup pipe:", err)
+		// not fatal
+	}
+
+	sig := make(chan os.Signal, 2)
+	signal.Notify(sig, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+
+	type winfo struct {
+		wpid    int
+		wstatus syscall.WaitStatus
+	}
+	info := make(chan winfo, 1)
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+
+	go func() {
+		var (
+			err     error
+			wpid    = -2
+			wstatus syscall.WaitStatus
+		)
+
+		// keep going until no child process is left
+		for wpid != -1 {
+			if err != nil {
+				break
+			}
+
+			if wpid != -2 {
+				info <- winfo{wpid, wstatus}
+			}
+
+			err = syscall.EINTR
+			for errors.Is(err, syscall.EINTR) {
+				wpid, err = syscall.Wait4(-1, &wstatus, 0, nil)
+			}
+		}
+		if !errors.Is(err, syscall.ECHILD) {
+			fmsg.Println("unexpected wait4 response:", err)
+		}
+
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	// closed after residualProcessTimeout has elapsed after initial process death
+	timeout := make(chan struct{})
+
+	r := 2
+	for {
+		select {
+		case s := <-sig:
+			fmsg.VPrintln("received", s.String())
+			fmsg.Resume() // output could still be withheld at this point, so resume is called
+			fmsg.Exit(0)
+		case w := <-info:
+			if w.wpid == cmd.Process.Pid {
+				// initial process exited, output is most likely available again
+				fmsg.Resume()
+
+				switch {
+				case w.wstatus.Exited():
+					r = w.wstatus.ExitStatus()
+				case w.wstatus.Signaled():
+					r = 128 + int(w.wstatus.Signal())
+				default:
+					r = 255
+				}
+
+				go func() {
+					time.Sleep(residualProcessTimeout)
+					close(timeout)
+				}()
+			}
+		case <-done:
+			fmsg.Exit(r)
+		case <-timeout:
+			fmsg.Println("timeout exceeded waiting for lingering processes")
+			fmsg.Exit(r)
+		}
+	}
+}

cmd/fshim/ipc/payload.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package shim0
+
+import (
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+)
+
+const Env = "FORTIFY_SHIM"
+
+type Payload struct {
+	// child full argv
+	Argv []string
+	// bwrap, target full exec path
+	Exec [2]string
+	// bwrap config
+	Bwrap *bwrap.Config
+	// sync fd
+	Sync *uintptr
+
+	// verbosity pass through
+	Verbose bool
+}

cmd/fshim/ipc/shim/shim.go

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+package shim
+
+import (
+	"encoding/gob"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/signal"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	shim0 "git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/cmd/fshim/ipc"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/proc"
+)
+
+const shimSetupTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+
+// used by the parent process
+
+type Shim struct {
+	// user switcher process
+	cmd *exec.Cmd
+	// uid of shim target user
+	uid uint32
+	// string representation of application id
+	aid string
+	// string representation of supplementary group ids
+	supp []string
+	// fallback exit notifier with error returned killing the process
+	killFallback chan error
+	// shim setup payload
+	payload *shim0.Payload
+}
+
+func New(uid uint32, aid string, supp []string, payload *shim0.Payload) *Shim {
+	return &Shim{uid: uid, aid: aid, supp: supp, payload: payload}
+}
+
+func (s *Shim) String() string {
+	if s.cmd == nil {
+		return "(unused shim manager)"
+	}
+	return s.cmd.String()
+}
+
+func (s *Shim) Unwrap() *exec.Cmd {
+	return s.cmd
+}
+
+func (s *Shim) WaitFallback() chan error {
+	return s.killFallback
+}
+
+func (s *Shim) Start() (*time.Time, error) {
+	// start user switcher process and save time
+	var fsu string
+	if p, ok := internal.Check(internal.Fsu); !ok {
+		fmsg.Fatal("invalid fsu path, this copy of fshim is not compiled correctly")
+		panic("unreachable")
+	} else {
+		fsu = p
+	}
+	s.cmd = exec.Command(fsu)
+
+	var encoder *gob.Encoder
+	if fd, e, err := proc.Setup(&s.cmd.ExtraFiles); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
+			"cannot create shim setup pipe:")
+	} else {
+		encoder = e
+		s.cmd.Env = []string{
+			shim0.Env + "=" + strconv.Itoa(fd),
+			"FORTIFY_APP_ID=" + s.aid,
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(s.supp) > 0 {
+		fmsg.VPrintf("attaching supplementary group ids %s", s.supp)
+		s.cmd.Env = append(s.cmd.Env, "FORTIFY_GROUPS="+strings.Join(s.supp, " "))
+	}
+	s.cmd.Stdin, s.cmd.Stdout, s.cmd.Stderr = os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr
+	s.cmd.Dir = "/"
+
+	// pass sync fd if set
+	if s.payload.Bwrap.Sync() != nil {
+		fd := proc.ExtraFile(s.cmd, s.payload.Bwrap.Sync())
+		s.payload.Sync = &fd
+	}
+
+	fmsg.VPrintln("starting shim via fsu:", s.cmd)
+	fmsg.Suspend() // withhold messages to stderr
+	if err := s.cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
+			"cannot start fsu:")
+	}
+	startTime := time.Now().UTC()
+
+	// kill shim if something goes wrong and an error is returned
+	s.killFallback = make(chan error, 1)
+	killShim := func() {
+		if err := s.cmd.Process.Signal(os.Interrupt); err != nil {
+			s.killFallback <- err
+		}
+	}
+	defer func() { killShim() }()
+
+	// take alternative exit path on signal
+	sig := make(chan os.Signal, 2)
+	signal.Notify(sig, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	go func() {
+		v := <-sig
+		fmsg.Printf("got %s after program start", v)
+		s.killFallback <- nil
+		signal.Ignore(syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	}()
+
+	shimErr := make(chan error)
+	go func() { shimErr <- encoder.Encode(s.payload) }()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-shimErr:
+		if err != nil {
+			return &startTime, fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
+				"cannot transmit shim config:")
+		}
+		killShim = func() {}
+	case <-time.After(shimSetupTimeout):
+		return &startTime, fmsg.WrapError(errors.New("timed out waiting for shim"),
+			"timed out waiting for shim")
+	}
+
+	return &startTime, nil
+}

cmd/fshim/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strconv"
+	"syscall"
+
+	init0 "git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/cmd/finit/ipc"
+	shim "git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/cmd/fshim/ipc"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/proc"
+)
+
+// everything beyond this point runs as unconstrained target user
+// proceed with caution!
+
+func main() {
+	// sharing stdout with fortify
+	// USE WITH CAUTION
+	fmsg.SetPrefix("shim")
+
+	// setting this prevents ptrace
+	if err := internal.PR_SET_DUMPABLE__SUID_DUMP_DISABLE(); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Fatalf("cannot set SUID_DUMP_DISABLE: %s", err)
+		panic("unreachable")
+	}
+
+	// re-exec
+	if len(os.Args) > 0 && (os.Args[0] != "fshim" || len(os.Args) != 1) && path.IsAbs(os.Args[0]) {
+		if err := syscall.Exec(os.Args[0], []string{"fshim"}, os.Environ()); err != nil {
+			fmsg.Println("cannot re-exec self:", err)
+			// continue anyway
+		}
+	}
+
+	// check path to finit
+	var finitPath string
+	if p, ok := internal.Path(internal.Finit); !ok {
+		fmsg.Fatal("invalid finit path, this copy of fshim is not compiled correctly")
+	} else {
+		finitPath = p
+	}
+
+	// receive setup payload
+	var (
+		payload    shim.Payload
+		closeSetup func() error
+	)
+	if f, err := proc.Receive(shim.Env, &payload); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, proc.ErrInvalid) {
+			fmsg.Fatal("invalid config descriptor")
+		}
+		if errors.Is(err, proc.ErrNotSet) {
+			fmsg.Fatal("FORTIFY_SHIM not set")
+		}
+
+		fmsg.Fatalf("cannot decode shim setup payload: %v", err)
+		panic("unreachable")
+	} else {
+		fmsg.SetVerbose(payload.Verbose)
+		closeSetup = f
+	}
+
+	if payload.Bwrap == nil {
+		fmsg.Fatal("bwrap config not supplied")
+	}
+
+	// restore bwrap sync fd
+	if payload.Sync != nil {
+		payload.Bwrap.SetSync(os.NewFile(*payload.Sync, "sync"))
+	}
+
+	// close setup socket
+	if err := closeSetup(); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Println("cannot close setup pipe:", err)
+		// not fatal
+	}
+
+	var ic init0.Payload
+
+	// resolve argv0
+	ic.Argv = payload.Argv
+	if len(ic.Argv) > 0 {
+		// looked up from $PATH by parent
+		ic.Argv0 = payload.Exec[1]
+	} else {
+		// no argv, look up shell instead
+		var ok bool
+		if payload.Bwrap.SetEnv == nil {
+			fmsg.Fatal("no command was specified and environment is unset")
+		}
+		if ic.Argv0, ok = payload.Bwrap.SetEnv["SHELL"]; !ok {
+			fmsg.Fatal("no command was specified and $SHELL was unset")
+		}
+
+		ic.Argv = []string{ic.Argv0}
+	}
+
+	conf := payload.Bwrap
+
+	var extraFiles []*os.File
+
+	// serve setup payload
+	if fd, encoder, err := proc.Setup(&extraFiles); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Fatalf("cannot pipe: %v", err)
+	} else {
+		conf.SetEnv[init0.Env] = strconv.Itoa(fd)
+		go func() {
+			fmsg.VPrintln("transmitting config to init")
+			if err = encoder.Encode(&ic); err != nil {
+				fmsg.Fatalf("cannot transmit init config: %v", err)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	helper.BubblewrapName = payload.Exec[0] // resolved bwrap path by parent
+	if b, err := helper.NewBwrap(conf, nil, finitPath,
+		func(int, int) []string { return make([]string, 0) }); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Fatalf("malformed sandbox config: %v", err)
+	} else {
+		cmd := b.Unwrap()
+		cmd.Stdin, cmd.Stdout, cmd.Stderr = os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr
+		cmd.ExtraFiles = extraFiles
+
+		if fmsg.Verbose() {
+			fmsg.VPrintln("bwrap args:", conf.Args())
+		}
+
+		// run and pass through exit code
+		if err = b.Start(); err != nil {
+			fmsg.Fatalf("cannot start target process: %v", err)
+		} else if err = b.Wait(); err != nil {
+			fmsg.VPrintln("wait:", err)
+		}
+		if b.Unwrap().ProcessState != nil {
+			fmsg.Exit(b.Unwrap().ProcessState.ExitCode())
+		} else {
+			fmsg.Exit(127)
+		}
+	}
+}

cmd/fsu/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+const (
+	compPoison  = "INVALIDINVALIDINVALIDINVALIDINVALID"
+	fsuConfFile = "/etc/fsurc"
+	envShim     = "FORTIFY_SHIM"
+	envAID      = "FORTIFY_APP_ID"
+	envGroups   = "FORTIFY_GROUPS"
+
+	PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS = 0x26
+)
+
+var (
+	Fmain = compPoison
+	Fshim = compPoison
+)
+
+func main() {
+	log.SetFlags(0)
+	log.SetPrefix("fsu: ")
+	log.SetOutput(os.Stderr)
+
+	if os.Geteuid() != 0 {
+		log.Fatal("this program must be owned by uid 0 and have the setuid bit set")
+	}
+
+	puid := os.Getuid()
+	if puid == 0 {
+		log.Fatal("this program must not be started by root")
+	}
+
+	var fmain, fshim string
+	if p, ok := checkPath(Fmain); !ok {
+		log.Fatal("invalid fortify path, this copy of fsu is not compiled correctly")
+	} else {
+		fmain = p
+	}
+	if p, ok := checkPath(Fshim); !ok {
+		log.Fatal("invalid fshim path, this copy of fsu is not compiled correctly")
+	} else {
+		fshim = p
+	}
+
+	pexe := path.Join("/proc", strconv.Itoa(os.Getppid()), "exe")
+	if p, err := os.Readlink(pexe); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("cannot read parent executable path: %v", err)
+	} else if strings.HasSuffix(p, " (deleted)") {
+		log.Fatal("fortify executable has been deleted")
+	} else if p != fmain {
+		log.Fatal("this program must be started by fortify")
+	}
+
+	// uid = 1000000 +
+	//   fid * 10000 +
+	//           aid
+	uid := 1000000
+
+	// authenticate before accepting user input
+	if fid, ok := parseConfig(fsuConfFile, puid); !ok {
+		log.Fatalf("uid %d is not in the fsurc file", puid)
+	} else {
+		uid += fid * 10000
+	}
+
+	// allowed aid range 0 to 9999
+	if as, ok := os.LookupEnv(envAID); !ok {
+		log.Fatal("FORTIFY_APP_ID not set")
+	} else if aid, err := parseUint32Fast(as); err != nil || aid < 0 || aid > 9999 {
+		log.Fatal("invalid aid")
+	} else {
+		uid += aid
+	}
+
+	// pass through setup fd to shim
+	var shimSetupFd string
+	if s, ok := os.LookupEnv(envShim); !ok {
+		// fortify requests target uid
+		// print resolved uid and exit
+		fmt.Print(uid)
+		os.Exit(0)
+	} else if len(s) != 1 || s[0] > '9' || s[0] < '3' {
+		log.Fatal("FORTIFY_SHIM holds an invalid value")
+	} else {
+		shimSetupFd = s
+	}
+
+	// supplementary groups
+	var suppGroups, suppCurrent []int
+
+	if gs, ok := os.LookupEnv(envGroups); ok {
+		if cur, err := os.Getgroups(); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("cannot get groups: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			suppCurrent = cur
+		}
+
+		// parse space-separated list of group ids
+		gss := bytes.Split([]byte(gs), []byte{' '})
+		suppGroups = make([]int, len(gss)+1)
+		for i, s := range gss {
+			if gid, err := strconv.Atoi(string(s)); err != nil {
+				log.Fatalf("cannot parse %q: %v", string(s), err)
+			} else if gid > 0 && gid != uid && gid != os.Getgid() && slices.Contains(suppCurrent, gid) {
+				suppGroups[i] = gid
+			} else {
+				log.Fatalf("invalid gid %d", gid)
+			}
+		}
+		suppGroups[len(suppGroups)-1] = uid
+	} else {
+		suppGroups = []int{uid}
+	}
+
+	// final bounds check to catch any bugs
+	if uid < 1000000 || uid >= 2000000 {
+		panic("uid out of bounds")
+	}
+
+	// careful! users in the allowlist is effectively allowed to drop groups via fsu
+
+	if err := syscall.Setresgid(uid, uid, uid); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("cannot set gid: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := syscall.Setgroups(suppGroups); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("cannot set supplementary groups: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := syscall.Setresuid(uid, uid, uid); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("cannot set uid: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, _, errno := syscall.AllThreadsSyscall(syscall.SYS_PRCTL, PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0); errno != 0 {
+		log.Fatalf("cannot set no_new_privs flag: %s", errno.Error())
+	}
+	if err := syscall.Exec(fshim, []string{"fshim"}, []string{envShim + "=" + shimSetupFd}); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("cannot start shim: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	panic("unreachable")
+}
+
+func checkPath(p string) (string, bool) {
+	return p, p != compPoison && p != "" && path.IsAbs(p)
+}

cmd/fsu/parse.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+func parseUint32Fast(s string) (int, error) {
+	sLen := len(s)
+	if sLen < 1 {
+		return -1, errors.New("zero length string")
+	}
+	if sLen > 10 {
+		return -1, errors.New("string too long")
+	}
+
+	n := 0
+	for i, ch := range []byte(s) {
+		ch -= '0'
+		if ch > 9 {
+			return -1, fmt.Errorf("invalid character '%s' at index %d", string([]byte{ch}), i)
+		}
+		n = n*10 + int(ch)
+	}
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+func parseConfig(p string, puid int) (fid int, ok bool) {
+	// refuse to run if fsurc is not protected correctly
+	if s, err := os.Stat(p); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	} else if s.Mode().Perm() != 0400 {
+		log.Fatal("bad fsurc perm")
+	} else if st := s.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t); st.Uid != 0 || st.Gid != 0 {
+		log.Fatal("fsurc must be owned by uid 0")
+	}
+
+	if r, err := os.Open(p); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+		return -1, false
+	} else {
+		s := bufio.NewScanner(r)
+		var line int
+		for s.Scan() {
+			line++
+
+			// <puid> <fid>
+			lf := strings.SplitN(s.Text(), " ", 2)
+			if len(lf) != 2 {
+				log.Fatalf("invalid entry on line %d", line)
+			}
+
+			var puid0 int
+			if puid0, err = parseUint32Fast(lf[0]); err != nil || puid0 < 1 {
+				log.Fatalf("invalid parent uid on line %d", line)
+			}
+
+			ok = puid0 == puid
+			if ok {
+				// allowed fid range 0 to 99
+				if fid, err = parseUint32Fast(lf[1]); err != nil || fid < 0 || fid > 99 {
+					log.Fatalf("invalid fortify uid on line %d", line)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		if err = s.Err(); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("cannot read fsurc: %v", err)
+		}
+		return -1, false
+	}
+}

cmd/fuserdb/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	fmsg.SetPrefix("fuserdb")
+
+	const varEmpty = "/var/empty"
+
+	out := flag.String("o", "userdb", "output directory")
+	homeDir := flag.String("d", varEmpty, "parent of home directories")
+	shell := flag.String("s", "/sbin/nologin", "absolute path to subordinate user shell")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	type user struct {
+		name string
+		fid  int
+	}
+
+	users := make([]user, len(flag.Args()))
+	for i, s := range flag.Args() {
+		f := bytes.SplitN([]byte(s), []byte{':'}, 2)
+		if len(f) != 2 {
+			fmsg.Fatalf("invalid entry at index %d", i)
+		}
+		users[i].name = string(f[0])
+		if fid, err := strconv.Atoi(string(f[1])); err != nil {
+			fmsg.Fatal(err.Error())
+		} else {
+			users[i].fid = fid
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(*out, 0755); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist) {
+		fmsg.Fatalf("cannot create output: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, u := range users {
+		fidString := strconv.Itoa(u.fid)
+		for aid := 0; aid < 10000; aid++ {
+			userName := fmt.Sprintf("u%d_a%d", u.fid, aid)
+			uid := 1000000 + u.fid*10000 + aid
+			us := strconv.Itoa(uid)
+			realName := fmt.Sprintf("Fortify subordinate user %d (%s)", aid, u.name)
+			var homeDirectory string
+			if *homeDir != varEmpty {
+				homeDirectory = path.Join(*homeDir, "u"+fidString, "a"+strconv.Itoa(aid))
+			} else {
+				homeDirectory = varEmpty
+			}
+
+			writeUser(userName, uid, us, realName, homeDirectory, *shell, *out)
+			writeGroup(userName, uid, us, nil, *out)
+		}
+	}
+
+	fmsg.Printf("created %d entries", len(users)*2*10000)
+	fmsg.Exit(0)
+}

cmd/fuserdb/payload.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+)
+
+type payloadU struct {
+	UserName      string   `json:"userName"`
+	Uid           int      `json:"uid"`
+	Gid           int      `json:"gid"`
+	MemberOf      []string `json:"memberOf,omitempty"`
+	RealName      string   `json:"realName"`
+	HomeDirectory string   `json:"homeDirectory"`
+	Shell         string   `json:"shell"`
+}
+
+func writeUser(userName string, uid int, us string, realName, homeDirectory, shell string, out string) {
+	userFileName := userName + ".user"
+	if f, err := os.OpenFile(path.Join(out, userFileName), os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0644); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Fatalf("cannot create %s: %v", userName, err)
+	} else if err = json.NewEncoder(f).Encode(&payloadU{
+		UserName:      userName,
+		Uid:           uid,
+		Gid:           uid,
+		RealName:      realName,
+		HomeDirectory: homeDirectory,
+		Shell:         shell,
+	}); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Fatalf("cannot serialise %s: %v", userName, err)
+	} else if err = f.Close(); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Printf("cannot close %s: %v", userName, err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Symlink(userFileName, path.Join(out, us+".user")); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Fatalf("cannot link %s: %v", userName, err)
+	}
+}
+
+type payloadG struct {
+	GroupName string   `json:"groupName"`
+	Gid       int      `json:"gid"`
+	Members   []string `json:"members,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func writeGroup(groupName string, gid int, gs string, members []string, out string) {
+	groupFileName := groupName + ".group"
+	if f, err := os.OpenFile(path.Join(out, groupFileName), os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0644); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Fatalf("cannot create %s: %v", groupName, err)
+	} else if err = json.NewEncoder(f).Encode(&payloadG{
+		GroupName: groupName,
+		Gid:       gid,
+		Members:   members,
+	}); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Fatalf("cannot serialise %s: %v", groupName, err)
+	} else if err = f.Close(); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Printf("cannot close %s: %v", groupName, err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Symlink(groupFileName, path.Join(out, gs+".group")); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Fatalf("cannot link %s: %v", groupName, err)
+	}
+}

comp/_fortify

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#compdef fortify
+
+_fortify_app() {
+  _path_files -g "*.(json|ftfy)"
+}
+
+_fortify_run() {
+  _arguments \
+    '--id[App ID, leave empty to disable security context app_id]:id' \
+    '-a[Fortify application ID]: :_numbers' \
+    '-g[Groups inherited by the app process]: :_groups' \
+    '-d[Application home directory]: :_files -/' \
+    '-u[Passwd name within sandbox]: :_users' \
+    '--wayland[Share Wayland socket]' \
+    '-X[Share X11 socket and allow connection]' \
+    '--dbus[Proxy D-Bus connection]' \
+    '--pulse[Share PulseAudio socket and cookie]' \
+    '--dbus-config[Path to D-Bus proxy config file]: :_files -g "*.json"' \
+    '--dbus-system[Path to system D-Bus proxy config file]: :_files -g "*.json"' \
+    '--mpris[Allow owning MPRIS D-Bus path]' \
+    '--dbus-log[Force logging in the D-Bus proxy]'
+}
+
+(( $+functions[_fortify_commands] )) || _fortify_commands()
+{
+  local -a _fortify_cmds
+  _fortify_cmds=(
+    "app:Launch app defined by the specified config file"
+    "run:Configure and start a permissive default sandbox"
+    "ps:List active apps and their state"
+    "version:Show fortify version"
+    "license:Show full license text"
+    "template:Produce a config template"
+    "help:Show help message"
+  )
+  if (( CURRENT == 1 )); then
+    _describe -t commands 'fortify command' _fortify_cmds || compadd "$@"
+  else
+    local curcontext="$curcontext"
+    cmd="${${_fortify_cmds[(r)$words[1]:*]%%:*}}"
+    if (( $+functions[_fortify_$cmd] )); then
+      _fortify_$cmd
+    else
+      _message "no more options"
+    fi
+  fi
+}
+
+_arguments -C \
+  '-v[Verbose output]' \
+  '*::fortify command:_fortify_commands'

config.go

@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/dbus"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/app"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/state"
-)
-
-var (
-	printTemplate bool
-
-	confPath string
-
-	dbusConfigSession string
-	dbusConfigSystem  string
-	dbusID            string
-	mpris             bool
-	dbusVerbose       bool
-
-	userName    string
-	enablements [state.EnableLength]bool
-
-	launchMethodText string
-)
-
-func init() {
-	flag.BoolVar(&printTemplate, "template", false, "Print a full config template and exit")
-
-	// config file, disables every other flag here
-	flag.StringVar(&confPath, "c", "nil", "Path to full app configuration, or \"nil\" to configure from flags")
-
-	flag.StringVar(&dbusConfigSession, "dbus-config", "builtin", "Path to D-Bus proxy config file, or \"builtin\" for defaults")
-	flag.StringVar(&dbusConfigSystem, "dbus-system", "nil", "Path to system D-Bus proxy config file, or \"nil\" to disable")
-	flag.StringVar(&dbusID, "dbus-id", "", "D-Bus ID of application, leave empty to disable own paths, has no effect if custom config is available")
-	flag.BoolVar(&mpris, "mpris", false, "Allow owning MPRIS D-Bus path, has no effect if custom config is available")
-	flag.BoolVar(&dbusVerbose, "dbus-log", false, "Force logging in the D-Bus proxy")
-
-	flag.StringVar(&userName, "u", "chronos", "Passwd name of user to run as")
-	flag.BoolVar(&enablements[state.EnableWayland], "wayland", false, "Share Wayland socket")
-	flag.BoolVar(&enablements[state.EnableX], "X", false, "Share X11 socket and allow connection")
-	flag.BoolVar(&enablements[state.EnableDBus], "dbus", false, "Proxy D-Bus connection")
-	flag.BoolVar(&enablements[state.EnablePulse], "pulse", false, "Share PulseAudio socket and cookie")
-}
-
-func init() {
-	methodHelpString := "Method of launching the child process, can be one of \"sudo\""
-	if internal.SdBootedV {
-		methodHelpString += ", \"systemd\""
-	}
-
-	flag.StringVar(&launchMethodText, "method", "sudo", methodHelpString)
-}
-
-func tryTemplate() {
-	if printTemplate {
-		if s, err := json.MarshalIndent(app.Template(), "", "  "); err != nil {
-			fatalf("cannot generate template: %v", err)
-			panic("unreachable")
-		} else {
-			fmt.Println(string(s))
-		}
-		os.Exit(0)
-	}
-}
-
-func loadConfig() *app.Config {
-	if confPath == "nil" {
-		// config from flags
-		return configFromFlags()
-	} else {
-		// config from file
-		c := new(app.Config)
-		if f, err := os.Open(confPath); err != nil {
-			fatalf("cannot access config file '%s': %s\n", confPath, err)
-			panic("unreachable")
-		} else if err = json.NewDecoder(f).Decode(&c); err != nil {
-			fatalf("cannot parse config file '%s': %s\n", confPath, err)
-			panic("unreachable")
-		} else {
-			return c
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func configFromFlags() (config *app.Config) {
-	// initialise config from flags
-	config = &app.Config{
-		ID:      dbusID,
-		User:    userName,
-		Command: flag.Args(),
-		Method:  launchMethodText,
-	}
-
-	// enablements from flags
-	for i := state.Enablement(0); i < state.EnableLength; i++ {
-		if enablements[i] {
-			config.Confinement.Enablements.Set(i)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// parse D-Bus config file from flags if applicable
-	if enablements[state.EnableDBus] {
-		if dbusConfigSession == "builtin" {
-			config.Confinement.SessionBus = dbus.NewConfig(dbusID, true, mpris)
-		} else {
-			if c, err := dbus.NewConfigFromFile(dbusConfigSession); err != nil {
-				fatalf("cannot load session bus proxy config from %q: %s\n", dbusConfigSession, err)
-			} else {
-				config.Confinement.SessionBus = c
-			}
-		}
-
-		// system bus proxy is optional
-		if dbusConfigSystem != "nil" {
-			if c, err := dbus.NewConfigFromFile(dbusConfigSystem); err != nil {
-				fatalf("cannot load system bus proxy config from %q: %s\n", dbusConfigSystem, err)
-			} else {
-				config.Confinement.SystemBus = c
-			}
-		}
-
-		// override log from configuration
-		if dbusVerbose {
-			config.Confinement.SessionBus.Log = true
-			config.Confinement.SystemBus.Log = true
-		}
-	}
-
-	return
-}

dbus/config_test.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/dbus"
 )
 
 func TestConfig_Args(t *testing.T) {

dbus/dbus.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// Package dbus wraps xdg-dbus-proxy and implements configuration and sandboxing of the underlying helper process.
 package dbus
 
 import (

dbus/dbus_test.go

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/dbus"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper"
 )
 
 func TestNew(t *testing.T) {

dbus/proxy.go

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"sync"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
 )
 
 // ProxyName is the file name or path to the proxy program.
@@ -28,6 +28,21 @@ type Proxy struct {
 	lock sync.RWMutex
 }
 
+func (p *Proxy) Session() [2]string {
+	return p.session
+}
+
+func (p *Proxy) System() [2]string {
+	return p.system
+}
+
+func (p *Proxy) Sealed() bool {
+	p.lock.RLock()
+	defer p.lock.RUnlock()
+
+	return p.seal != nil
+}
+
 var (
 	ErrConfig = errors.New("no configuration to seal")
 )

dbus/run.go

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/ldd"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/ldd"
 )
 
 // Start launches the D-Bus proxy and sets up the Wait method.
@@ -79,11 +79,9 @@ func (p *Proxy) Start(ready chan error, output io.Writer, sandbox bool) error {
 				}
 			}
 		}
-		bindTargetDedup := make([][2]string, 0, len(bindTarget))
 		for k := range bindTarget {
-			bindTargetDedup = append(bindTargetDedup, [2]string{k, k})
+			bc.Bind(k, k, false, true)
 		}
-		bc.Bind = append(bc.Bind, bindTargetDedup...)
 
 		roBindTarget := make(map[string]struct{}, 2+1+len(proxyDeps))
 
@@ -103,11 +101,9 @@ func (p *Proxy) Start(ready chan error, output io.Writer, sandbox bool) error {
 			}
 		}
 
-		roBindTargetDedup := make([][2]string, 0, len(roBindTarget))
 		for k := range roBindTarget {
-			roBindTargetDedup = append(roBindTargetDedup, [2]string{k, k})
+			bc.Bind(k, k)
 		}
-		bc.ROBind = append(bc.ROBind, roBindTargetDedup...)
 
 		h = helper.MustNewBwrap(bc, p.seal, toolPath, argF)
 		cmd = h.Unwrap()

dbus/samples_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package dbus_test
 import (
 	"sync"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/dbus"
 )
 
 var samples = []dbusTestCase{

dbus/stub_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package dbus_test
 import (
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper"
 )
 
 func TestHelperChildStub(t *testing.T) {

dist/fsurc.default

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1000 0

dist/install.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd "$(dirname -- "$0")" || exit 1
+
+install -vDm0755 "bin/fortify" "${FORTIFY_INSTALL_PREFIX}/usr/bin/fortify"
+install -vDm0755 "bin/fshim" "${FORTIFY_INSTALL_PREFIX}/usr/libexec/fortify/fshim"
+install -vDm0755 "bin/finit" "${FORTIFY_INSTALL_PREFIX}/usr/libexec/fortify/finit"
+install -vDm0755 "bin/fuserdb" "${FORTIFY_INSTALL_PREFIX}/usr/libexec/fortify/fuserdb"
+
+install -vDm6511 "bin/fsu" "${FORTIFY_INSTALL_PREFIX}/usr/bin/fsu"
+install -vDm0400 "fsurc.default" "${FORTIFY_INSTALL_PREFIX}/etc/fsurc"

dist/release.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+cd "$(dirname -- "$0")/.."
+VERSION="${FORTIFY_VERSION:-untagged}"
+pname="fortify-${VERSION}"
+out="dist/${pname}"
+
+mkdir -p "${out}"
+cp "README.md" "dist/fsurc.default" "dist/install.sh" "${out}"
+
+go build -v -o "${out}/bin/" -ldflags "-s -w
+  -X git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal.Version=${VERSION}
+  -X git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal.Fsu=/usr/bin/fsu
+  -X git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal.Finit=/usr/libexec/fortify/finit
+  -X main.Fmain=/usr/bin/fortify
+  -X main.Fshim=/usr/libexec/fortify/fshim" ./...
+
+rm -f "./${out}.tar.gz" && tar -C dist -czf "${out}.tar.gz" "${pname}"
+rm -rf "./${out}"
+sha512sum "${out}.tar.gz" > "${out}.tar.gz.sha512"

error.go

@@ -2,22 +2,21 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/app"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/app"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
 )
 
 func logWaitError(err error) {
-	var e *app.BaseError
+	var e *fmsg.BaseError
-	if !app.AsBaseError(err, &e) {
+	if !fmsg.AsBaseError(err, &e) {
-		fmt.Println("fortify: wait failed:", err)
+		fmsg.Println("wait failed:", err)
 	} else {
 		// Wait only returns either *app.ProcessError or *app.StateStoreError wrapped in a *app.BaseError
 		var se *app.StateStoreError
 		if !errors.As(err, &se) {
 			// does not need special handling
-			fmt.Print("fortify: " + e.Message())
+			fmsg.Print(e.Message())
 		} else {
 			// inner error are either unwrapped store errors
 			// or joined errors returned by *appSealTx revert
@@ -25,19 +24,19 @@ func logWaitError(err error) {
 			var ej app.RevertCompoundError
 			if !errors.As(se.InnerErr, &ej) {
 				// does not require special handling
-				fmt.Print("fortify: " + e.Message())
+				fmsg.Print(e.Message())
 			} else {
 				errs := ej.Unwrap()
 
 				// every error here is wrapped in *app.BaseError
 				for _, ei := range errs {
-					var eb *app.BaseError
+					var eb *fmsg.BaseError
 					if !errors.As(ei, &eb) {
 						// unreachable
-						fmt.Println("fortify: invalid error type returned by revert:", ei)
+						fmsg.Println("invalid error type returned by revert:", ei)
 					} else {
 						// print inner *app.BaseError message
-						fmt.Print("fortify: " + eb.Message())
+						fmsg.Print(eb.Message())
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -46,16 +45,11 @@ func logWaitError(err error) {
 }
 
 func logBaseError(err error, message string) {
-	var e *app.BaseError
+	var e *fmsg.BaseError
 
-	if app.AsBaseError(err, &e) {
+	if fmsg.AsBaseError(err, &e) {
-		fmt.Print("fortify: " + e.Message())
+		fmsg.Print(e.Message())
 	} else {
-		fmt.Println(message, err)
+		fmsg.Println(message, err)
 	}
 }
-
-func fatalf(format string, a ...any) {
-	fmt.Printf("fortify: "+format, a...)
-	os.Exit(1)
-}

flake.lock

@@ -1,23 +1,45 @@
 {
   "nodes": {
+    "home-manager": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "nixpkgs": [
+          "nixpkgs"
+        ]
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1733951536,
+        "narHash": "sha256-Zb5ZCa7Xj+0gy5XVXINTSr71fCfAv+IKtmIXNrykT54=",
+        "owner": "nix-community",
+        "repo": "home-manager",
+        "rev": "1318c3f3b068cdcea922fa7c1a0a1f0c96c22f5f",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "nix-community",
+        "ref": "release-24.11",
+        "repo": "home-manager",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1725361206,
+        "lastModified": 1734298236,
-        "narHash": "sha256-/HTUg+kMaqBPGrcQBYboAMsQHIWIkuKRDldss/035Hc=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-aWhhqY44xBjMoO9r5fyPp5u8tqUNWRZ/m/P+abMSs5c=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "2830c7c930311397d94c0b86a359c865c081c875",
+        "rev": "eb919d9300b6a18f8583f58aef16db458fbd7bec",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
         "owner": "NixOS",
-        "ref": "nixos-unstable-small",
+        "ref": "nixos-24.11-small",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
         "type": "github"
       }
     },
     "root": {
       "inputs": {
+        "home-manager": "home-manager",
         "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs"
       }
     }

flake.nix

@@ -2,11 +2,20 @@
   description = "fortify sandbox tool and nixos module";
 
   inputs = {
-    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable-small";
+    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-24.11-small";
+
+    home-manager = {
+      url = "github:nix-community/home-manager/release-24.11";
+      inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
+    };
   };
 
   outputs =
-    { self, nixpkgs }:
+    {
+      self,
+      nixpkgs,
+      home-manager,
+    }:
     let
       supportedSystems = [
         "aarch64-linux"
@@ -20,6 +29,55 @@
     {
       nixosModules.fortify = import ./nixos.nix;
 
+      checks = forAllSystems (
+        system:
+        let
+          pkgs = nixpkgsFor.${system};
+
+          inherit (pkgs)
+            runCommandLocal
+            callPackage
+            nixfmt-rfc-style
+            deadnix
+            statix
+            ;
+        in
+        {
+          check-formatting =
+            runCommandLocal "check-formatting" { nativeBuildInputs = [ nixfmt-rfc-style ]; }
+              ''
+                cd ${./.}
+
+                echo "running nixfmt..."
+                nixfmt --check .
+
+                touch $out
+              '';
+
+          check-lint =
+            runCommandLocal "check-lint"
+              {
+                nativeBuildInputs = [
+                  deadnix
+                  statix
+                ];
+              }
+              ''
+                cd ${./.}
+
+                echo "running deadnix..."
+                deadnix --fail
+
+                echo "running statix..."
+                statix check .
+
+                touch $out
+              '';
+
+          nixos-tests = callPackage ./test.nix { inherit system self home-manager; };
+        }
+      );
+
       packages = forAllSystems (
         system:
         let
@@ -34,10 +92,61 @@
 
       devShells = forAllSystems (system: {
         default = nixpkgsFor.${system}.mkShell {
+          buildInputs = with nixpkgsFor.${system}; self.packages.${system}.fortify.buildInputs;
+        };
+
+        fhs = nixpkgsFor.${system}.buildFHSEnv {
+          pname = "fortify-fhs";
+          inherit (self.packages.${system}.fortify) version;
+          targetPkgs =
+            pkgs: with pkgs; [
+              go
+              gcc
+              pkg-config
+              acl
+              wayland
+              wayland-scanner
+              wayland-protocols
+              xorg.libxcb
+            ];
+          extraOutputsToInstall = [ "dev" ];
+          profile = ''
+            export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/share/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"
+          '';
+        };
+
+        withPackage = nixpkgsFor.${system}.mkShell {
           buildInputs =
             with nixpkgsFor.${system};
             self.packages.${system}.fortify.buildInputs ++ [ self.packages.${system}.fortify ];
         };
+
+        generateDoc =
+          let
+            pkgs = nixpkgsFor.${system};
+            inherit (pkgs) lib;
+
+            doc =
+              let
+                eval = lib.evalModules {
+                  specialArgs = {
+                    inherit pkgs;
+                  };
+                  modules = [ ./options.nix ];
+                };
+                cleanEval = lib.filterAttrsRecursive (n: _: n != "_module") eval;
+              in
+              pkgs.nixosOptionsDoc { inherit (cleanEval) options; };
+            docText = pkgs.runCommand "fortify-module-docs.md" { } ''
+              cat ${doc.optionsCommonMark} > $out
+              sed -i '/*Declared by:*/,+1 d' $out
+            '';
+          in
+          nixpkgsFor.${system}.mkShell {
+            shellHook = ''
+              exec cat ${docText} > options.md
+            '';
+          };
       });
     };
 }

fst/config.go

@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
-package app
+package fst
 
 import (
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/dbus"
+	"errors"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/state"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/linux"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/system"
 )
 
+const fTmp = "/fortify"
+
 // Config is used to seal an *App
 type Config struct {
 	// D-Bus application ID
 	ID string `json:"id"`
-	// username of the target user to switch to
-	User string `json:"user"`
 	// value passed through to the child process as its argv
 	Command []string `json:"command"`
-	// string representation of the child's launch method
-	Method string `json:"method"`
 
 	// child confinement configuration
 	Confinement ConfinementConfig `json:"confinement"`
@@ -23,6 +24,16 @@ type Config struct {
 
 // ConfinementConfig defines fortified child's confinement
 type ConfinementConfig struct {
+	// numerical application id, determines uid in the init namespace
+	AppID int `json:"app_id"`
+	// list of supplementary groups to inherit
+	Groups []string `json:"groups"`
+	// passwd username in the sandbox, defaults to chronos
+	Username string `json:"username,omitempty"`
+	// home directory in sandbox, empty for outer
+	Inner string `json:"home_inner"`
+	// home directory in init namespace
+	Outer string `json:"home"`
 	// bwrap sandbox confinement configuration
 	Sandbox *SandboxConfig `json:"sandbox"`
 
@@ -34,7 +45,7 @@ type ConfinementConfig struct {
 	SessionBus *dbus.Config `json:"session_bus,omitempty"`
 
 	// child capability enablements
-	Enablements state.Enablements `json:"enablements"`
+	Enablements system.Enablements `json:"enablements"`
 }
 
 // SandboxConfig describes resources made available to the sandbox.
@@ -45,17 +56,25 @@ type SandboxConfig struct {
 	UserNS bool `json:"userns,omitempty"`
 	// share net namespace
 	Net bool `json:"net,omitempty"`
+	// share all devices
+	Dev bool `json:"dev,omitempty"`
 	// do not run in new session
 	NoNewSession bool `json:"no_new_session,omitempty"`
-	// mediated access to wayland socket
+	// map target user uid to privileged user uid in the user namespace
-	Wayland bool `json:"wayland,omitempty"`
+	MapRealUID bool `json:"map_real_uid"`
+	// direct access to wayland socket
+	DirectWayland bool `json:"direct_wayland,omitempty"`
 
 	// final environment variables
 	Env map[string]string `json:"env"`
 	// sandbox host filesystem access
 	Filesystem []*FilesystemConfig `json:"filesystem"`
-	// tmpfs mount points to mount last
+	// symlinks created inside the sandbox
-	Tmpfs []bwrap.TmpfsConfig `json:"tmpfs"`
+	Link [][2]string `json:"symlink"`
+	// automatically set up /etc symlinks
+	AutoEtc bool `json:"auto_etc"`
+	// paths to override by mounting tmpfs over them
+	Override []string `json:"override"`
 }
 
 type FilesystemConfig struct {
@@ -71,71 +90,92 @@ type FilesystemConfig struct {
 	Must bool `json:"require,omitempty"`
 }
 
-func (s *SandboxConfig) Bwrap() *bwrap.Config {
+// Bwrap returns the address of the corresponding bwrap.Config to s.
+// Note that remaining tmpfs entries must be queued by the caller prior to launch.
+func (s *SandboxConfig) Bwrap(os linux.System) (*bwrap.Config, error) {
 	if s == nil {
-		return nil
+		return nil, errors.New("nil sandbox config")
 	}
 
-	nobody := 65534
+	var uid int
-	conf := &bwrap.Config{
+	if !s.MapRealUID {
+		uid = 65534
+	} else {
+		uid = os.Geteuid()
+	}
+
+	conf := (&bwrap.Config{
 		Net:           s.Net,
 		UserNS:        s.UserNS,
-		UID:           &nobody,
-		GID:           &nobody,
 		Hostname:      s.Hostname,
 		Clearenv:      true,
 		SetEnv:        s.Env,
-		Procfs:        []string{"/proc"},
-		DevTmpfs:      []string{"/dev"},
-		Mqueue:        []string{"/dev/mqueue"},
 		NewSession:    !s.NoNewSession,
 		DieWithParent: true,
 		AsInit:        true,
+
+		// initialise map
+		Chmod: make(bwrap.ChmodConfig),
+	}).
+		SetUID(uid).SetGID(uid).
+		Procfs("/proc").
+		Tmpfs(fTmp, 4*1024)
+
+	if !s.Dev {
+		conf.DevTmpfs("/dev").Mqueue("/dev/mqueue")
+	} else {
+		conf.Bind("/dev", "/dev", false, true, true)
+	}
+
+	if !s.AutoEtc {
+		conf.Dir("/etc")
 	}
 
 	for _, c := range s.Filesystem {
 		if c == nil {
 			continue
 		}
-		p := [2]string{c.Src, c.Dst}
+		src := c.Src
+		dest := c.Dst
 		if c.Dst == "" {
-			p[1] = c.Src
+			dest = c.Src
+		}
+		conf.Bind(src, dest, !c.Must, c.Write, c.Device)
 	}
 
-		switch {
+	for _, l := range s.Link {
-		case c.Device:
+		conf.Symlink(l[0], l[1])
-			if c.Must {
-				conf.DevBind = append(conf.DevBind, p)
-			} else {
-				conf.DevBindTry = append(conf.DevBindTry, p)
 	}
-		case c.Write:
+
-			if c.Must {
+	if s.AutoEtc {
-				conf.Bind = append(conf.Bind, p)
+		conf.Bind("/etc", fTmp+"/etc")
+
+		// link host /etc contents to prevent passwd/group from being overwritten
+		if d, err := os.ReadDir("/etc"); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
 		} else {
-				conf.BindTry = append(conf.BindTry, p)
+			for _, ent := range d {
-			}
+				name := ent.Name()
+				switch name {
+				case "passwd":
+				case "group":
+
+				case "mtab":
+					conf.Symlink("/proc/mounts", "/etc/"+name)
 				default:
-			if c.Must {
+					conf.Symlink(fTmp+"/etc/"+name, "/etc/"+name)
-				conf.ROBind = append(conf.ROBind, p)
+				}
-			} else {
-				conf.ROBindTry = append(conf.ROBindTry, p)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	for _, tmpfs := range s.Tmpfs {
+	return conf, nil
-		conf.Tmpfs = append(conf.Tmpfs, bwrap.PermConfig[bwrap.TmpfsConfig]{Path: tmpfs, Last: true})
-	}
-
-	return conf
 }
 
 // Template returns a fully populated instance of Config.
 func Template() *Config {
 	return &Config{
 		ID: "org.chromium.Chromium",
-		User: "chronos",
 		Command: []string{
 			"chromium",
 			"--ignore-gpu-blocklist",
@@ -143,14 +183,20 @@ func Template() *Config {
 			"--enable-features=UseOzonePlatform",
 			"--ozone-platform=wayland",
 		},
-		Method: "sudo",
 		Confinement: ConfinementConfig{
+			AppID:    9,
+			Groups:   []string{"video"},
+			Username: "chronos",
+			Outer:    "/var/lib/persist/home/org.chromium.Chromium",
+			Inner:    "/var/lib/fortify",
 			Sandbox: &SandboxConfig{
 				Hostname:      "localhost",
 				UserNS:        true,
 				Net:           true,
 				NoNewSession:  true,
-				Wayland:      false,
+				MapRealUID:    true,
+				Dev:           true,
+				DirectWayland: false,
 				// example API credentials pulled from Google Chrome
 				// DO NOT USE THESE IN A REAL BROWSER
 				Env: map[string]string{
@@ -159,14 +205,16 @@ func Template() *Config {
 					"GOOGLE_DEFAULT_CLIENT_SECRET": "OTJgUOQcT7lO7GsGZq2G4IlT",
 				},
 				Filesystem: []*FilesystemConfig{
-					{Src: "/nix"},
+					{Src: "/nix/store"},
-					{Src: "/storage/emulated/0", Write: true, Must: true},
+					{Src: "/run/current-system"},
-					{Src: "/data/user/0", Dst: "/data/data", Write: true, Must: true},
+					{Src: "/run/opengl-driver"},
-					{Src: "/var/tmp", Write: true},
+					{Src: "/var/db/nix-channels"},
-				},
+					{Src: "/home/chronos", Write: true, Must: true},
-				Tmpfs: []bwrap.TmpfsConfig{
+					{Src: "/dev/dri", Device: true},
-					{Size: 8 * 1024, Dir: "/var/run/nscd"},
 				},
+				Link:     [][2]string{{"/run/user/65534", "/run/user/150"}},
+				AutoEtc:  true,
+				Override: []string{"/var/run/nscd"},
 			},
 			SystemBus: &dbus.Config{
 				See:       nil,
@@ -188,7 +236,7 @@ func Template() *Config {
 				Log:       false,
 				Filter:    true,
 			},
-			Enablements: state.EnableWayland.Mask() | state.EnableDBus.Mask() | state.EnablePulse.Mask(),
+			Enablements: system.EWayland.Mask() | system.EDBus.Mask() | system.EPulse.Mask(),
 		},
 	}
 }

fst/id.go

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package fst
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+type ID [16]byte
+
+var (
+	ErrInvalidLength = errors.New("string representation must have a length of 32")
+)
+
+func (a *ID) String() string {
+	return hex.EncodeToString(a[:])
+}
+
+func NewAppID(id *ID) error {
+	_, err := rand.Read(id[:])
+	return err
+}
+
+func ParseAppID(id *ID, s string) error {
+	if len(s) != 32 {
+		return ErrInvalidLength
+	}
+
+	for i, b := range s {
+		if b < '0' || b > 'f' {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid char %q at byte %d", b, i)
+		}
+
+		v := uint8(b)
+		if v > '9' {
+			v = 10 + v - 'a'
+		} else {
+			v -= '0'
+		}
+		if i%2 == 0 {
+			v <<= 4
+		}
+		id[i/2] += v
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

fst/id_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package fst_test
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/fst"
+)
+
+func TestParseAppID(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("bad length", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if err := fst.ParseAppID(new(fst.ID), "meow"); !errors.Is(err, fst.ErrInvalidLength) {
+			t.Errorf("ParseAppID: error = %v, wantErr =  %v", err, fst.ErrInvalidLength)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("bad byte", func(t *testing.T) {
+		wantErr := "invalid char '\\n' at byte 15"
+		if err := fst.ParseAppID(new(fst.ID), "02bc7f8936b2af6\n\ne2535cd71ef0bb7"); err == nil || err.Error() != wantErr {
+			t.Errorf("ParseAppID: error = %v, wantErr =  %v", err, wantErr)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("fuzz 16 iterations", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for i := 0; i < 16; i++ {
+			testParseAppIDWithRandom(t)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func FuzzParseAppID(f *testing.F) {
+	for i := 0; i < 16; i++ {
+		id := new(fst.ID)
+		if err := fst.NewAppID(id); err != nil {
+			panic(err.Error())
+		}
+		f.Add(id[0], id[1], id[2], id[3], id[4], id[5], id[6], id[7], id[8], id[9], id[10], id[11], id[12], id[13], id[14], id[15])
+	}
+
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, b10, b11, b12, b13, b14, b15 byte) {
+		testParseAppID(t, &fst.ID{b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, b10, b11, b12, b13, b14, b15})
+	})
+}
+
+func testParseAppIDWithRandom(t *testing.T) {
+	id := new(fst.ID)
+	if err := fst.NewAppID(id); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("cannot generate app ID: %v", err)
+	}
+	testParseAppID(t, id)
+}
+
+func testParseAppID(t *testing.T, id *fst.ID) {
+	s := id.String()
+	got := new(fst.ID)
+	if err := fst.ParseAppID(got, s); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("cannot parse app ID: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if *got != *id {
+		t.Fatalf("ParseAppID(%#v) = \n%#v, want \n%#v", s, got, id)
+	}
+}

fst/shared.go

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+// Package fst exports shared fortify types.
+package fst

go.mod

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-module git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify
+module git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify
 
 go 1.22

helper/args_test.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper"
 )
 
 func Test_argsFD_String(t *testing.T) {

helper/bwrap.go

@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ package helper
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"io"
+	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/proc"
 )
 
 // BubblewrapName is the file name or path to bubblewrap.
@@ -19,6 +21,8 @@ type bubblewrap struct {
 
 	// bwrap pipes
 	p *pipes
+	// sync pipe
+	sync *os.File
 	// returns an array of arguments passed directly
 	// to the child process spawned by bwrap
 	argF func(argsFD, statFD int) []string
@@ -72,6 +76,10 @@ func (b *bubblewrap) StartNotify(ready chan error) error {
 		b.Cmd.Env = append(b.Cmd.Env, FortifyHelper+"=1", FortifyStatus+"=-1")
 	}
 
+	if b.sync != nil {
+		b.Cmd.Args = append(b.Cmd.Args, "--sync-fd", strconv.Itoa(int(proc.ExtraFile(b.Cmd, b.sync))))
+	}
+
 	if err := b.Cmd.Start(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -131,6 +139,7 @@ func NewBwrap(conf *bwrap.Config, wt io.WriterTo, name string, argF func(argsFD,
 		b.p = &pipes{args: args}
 	}
 
+	b.sync = conf.Sync()
 	b.argF = argF
 	b.name = name
 	if wt != nil {

helper/bwrap/arg.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package bwrap
+
+import "encoding/gob"
+
+type Builder interface {
+	Len() int
+	Append(args *[]string)
+}
+
+type FSBuilder interface {
+	Path() string
+	Builder
+}
+
+func init() {
+	gob.Register(new(pairF))
+	gob.Register(new(stringF))
+}
+
+type pairF [3]string
+
+func (p *pairF) Path() string {
+	return p[2]
+}
+
+func (p *pairF) Len() int {
+	return len(p) // compiler replaces this with 3
+}
+
+func (p *pairF) Append(args *[]string) {
+	*args = append(*args, p[0], p[1], p[2])
+}
+
+type stringF [2]string
+
+func (s stringF) Path() string {
+	return s[1]
+}
+
+func (s stringF) Len() int {
+	return len(s) // compiler replaces this with 2
+}
+
+func (s stringF) Append(args *[]string) {
+	*args = append(*args, s[0], s[1])
+}
+
+// Args returns a slice of bwrap args corresponding to c.
+func (c *Config) Args() (args []string) {
+	builders := []Builder{
+		c.boolArgs(),
+		c.intArgs(),
+		c.stringArgs(),
+		c.pairArgs(),
+	}
+
+	// copy FSBuilder slice to builder slice
+	fb := make([]Builder, len(c.Filesystem)+1)
+	for i, f := range c.Filesystem {
+		fb[i] = f
+	}
+	fb[len(fb)-1] = c.Chmod
+	builders = append(builders, fb...)
+
+	// accumulate arg count
+	argc := 0
+	for _, b := range builders {
+		argc += b.Len()
+	}
+
+	args = make([]string, 0, argc)
+	for _, b := range builders {
+		b.Append(&args)
+	}
+
+	return
+}

helper/bwrap/arg.static.awkward.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package bwrap
+
+const (
+	Tmpfs = iota
+	Dir
+	Symlink
+)
+
+var awkwardArgs = [...]string{
+	Tmpfs:   "--tmpfs",
+	Dir:     "--dir",
+	Symlink: "--symlink",
+}

helper/bwrap/arg.static.bool.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package bwrap
+
+const (
+	UnshareAll = iota
+	UnshareUser
+	UnshareIPC
+	UnsharePID
+	UnshareNet
+	UnshareUTS
+	UnshareCGroup
+	ShareNet
+
+	UserNS
+	Clearenv
+
+	NewSession
+	DieWithParent
+	AsInit
+)
+
+var boolArgs = [...][]string{
+	UnshareAll:    {"--unshare-all", "--unshare-user"},
+	UnshareUser:   {"--unshare-user"},
+	UnshareIPC:    {"--unshare-ipc"},
+	UnsharePID:    {"--unshare-pid"},
+	UnshareNet:    {"--unshare-net"},
+	UnshareUTS:    {"--unshare-uts"},
+	UnshareCGroup: {"--unshare-cgroup"},
+	ShareNet:      {"--share-net"},
+
+	UserNS:   {"--disable-userns", "--assert-userns-disabled"},
+	Clearenv: {"--clearenv"},
+
+	NewSession:    {"--new-session"},
+	DieWithParent: {"--die-with-parent"},
+	AsInit:        {"--as-pid-1"},
+}
+
+func (c *Config) boolArgs() Builder {
+	b := boolArg{
+		UserNS:   !c.UserNS,
+		Clearenv: c.Clearenv,
+
+		NewSession:    c.NewSession,
+		DieWithParent: c.DieWithParent,
+		AsInit:        c.AsInit,
+	}
+
+	if c.Unshare == nil {
+		b[UnshareAll] = true
+		b[ShareNet] = c.Net
+	} else {
+		b[UnshareUser] = c.Unshare.User
+		b[UnshareIPC] = c.Unshare.IPC
+		b[UnsharePID] = c.Unshare.PID
+		b[UnshareNet] = c.Unshare.Net
+		b[UnshareUTS] = c.Unshare.UTS
+		b[UnshareCGroup] = c.Unshare.CGroup
+	}
+
+	return &b
+}
+
+type boolArg [len(boolArgs)]bool
+
+func (b *boolArg) Len() (l int) {
+	for i, v := range b {
+		if v {
+			l += len(boolArgs[i])
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (b *boolArg) Append(args *[]string) {
+	for i, v := range b {
+		if v {
+			*args = append(*args, boolArgs[i]...)
+		}
+	}
+}

helper/bwrap/arg.static.int.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package bwrap
+
+import "strconv"
+
+const (
+	UID = iota
+	GID
+	Perms
+	Size
+)
+
+var intArgs = [...]string{
+	UID:   "--uid",
+	GID:   "--gid",
+	Perms: "--perms",
+	Size:  "--size",
+}
+
+func (c *Config) intArgs() Builder {
+	// Arg types:
+	//   Perms
+	// are handled by the sequential builder
+
+	return &intArg{
+		UID: c.UID,
+		GID: c.GID,
+	}
+}
+
+type intArg [len(intArgs)]*int
+
+func (n *intArg) Len() (l int) {
+	for _, v := range n {
+		if v != nil {
+			l += 2
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (n *intArg) Append(args *[]string) {
+	for i, v := range n {
+		if v != nil {
+			*args = append(*args, intArgs[i], strconv.Itoa(*v))
+		}
+	}
+}

helper/bwrap/arg.static.pair.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package bwrap
+
+import (
+	"slices"
+)
+
+const (
+	SetEnv = iota
+
+	Bind
+	BindTry
+	DevBind
+	DevBindTry
+	ROBind
+	ROBindTry
+
+	Chmod
+)
+
+var pairArgs = [...]string{
+	SetEnv: "--setenv",
+
+	Bind:       "--bind",
+	BindTry:    "--bind-try",
+	DevBind:    "--dev-bind",
+	DevBindTry: "--dev-bind-try",
+	ROBind:     "--ro-bind",
+	ROBindTry:  "--ro-bind-try",
+
+	Chmod: "--chmod",
+}
+
+func (c *Config) pairArgs() Builder {
+	var n pairArg
+	n[SetEnv] = make([][2]string, len(c.SetEnv))
+	keys := make([]string, 0, len(c.SetEnv))
+	for k := range c.SetEnv {
+		keys = append(keys, k)
+	}
+	slices.Sort(keys)
+	for i, k := range keys {
+		n[SetEnv][i] = [2]string{k, c.SetEnv[k]}
+	}
+
+	// Arg types:
+	//   Bind
+	//   BindTry
+	//   DevBind
+	//   DevBindTry
+	//   ROBind
+	//   ROBindTry
+	//   Chmod
+	// are handled by the sequential builder
+
+	return &n
+}
+
+type pairArg [len(pairArgs)][][2]string
+
+func (p *pairArg) Len() (l int) {
+	for _, v := range p {
+		l += len(v) * 3
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (p *pairArg) Append(args *[]string) {
+	for i, arg := range p {
+		for _, v := range arg {
+			*args = append(*args, pairArgs[i], v[0], v[1])
+		}
+	}
+}

helper/bwrap/arg.static.string.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package bwrap
+
+const (
+	Hostname = iota
+	Chdir
+	UnsetEnv
+	LockFile
+
+	RemountRO
+	Procfs
+	DevTmpfs
+	Mqueue
+)
+
+var stringArgs = [...]string{
+	Hostname: "--hostname",
+	Chdir:    "--chdir",
+	UnsetEnv: "--unsetenv",
+	LockFile: "--lock-file",
+
+	RemountRO: "--remount-ro",
+	Procfs:    "--proc",
+	DevTmpfs:  "--dev",
+	Mqueue:    "--mqueue",
+}
+
+func (c *Config) stringArgs() Builder {
+	n := stringArg{
+		UnsetEnv: c.UnsetEnv,
+		LockFile: c.LockFile,
+	}
+
+	if c.Hostname != "" {
+		n[Hostname] = []string{c.Hostname}
+	}
+	if c.Chdir != "" {
+		n[Chdir] = []string{c.Chdir}
+	}
+
+	// Arg types:
+	// 	 RemountRO
+	//   Procfs
+	//   DevTmpfs
+	//   Mqueue
+	// are handled by the sequential builder
+
+	return &n
+}
+
+type stringArg [len(stringArgs)][]string
+
+func (s *stringArg) Len() (l int) {
+	for _, arg := range s {
+		l += len(arg) * 2
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (s *stringArg) Append(args *[]string) {
+	for i, arg := range s {
+		for _, v := range arg {
+			*args = append(*args, stringArgs[i], v)
+		}
+	}
+}

helper/bwrap/config.bool.go

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-package bwrap
-
-const (
-	UnshareAll = iota
-	UnshareUser
-	UnshareIPC
-	UnsharePID
-	UnshareNet
-	UnshareUTS
-	UnshareCGroup
-	ShareNet
-
-	UserNS
-	Clearenv
-
-	NewSession
-	DieWithParent
-	AsInit
-
-	boolC
-)
-
-var boolArgs = func() (b [boolC][]string) {
-	b[UnshareAll] = []string{"--unshare-all", "--unshare-user"}
-	b[UnshareUser] = []string{"--unshare-user"}
-	b[UnshareIPC] = []string{"--unshare-ipc"}
-	b[UnsharePID] = []string{"--unshare-pid"}
-	b[UnshareNet] = []string{"--unshare-net"}
-	b[UnshareUTS] = []string{"--unshare-uts"}
-	b[UnshareCGroup] = []string{"--unshare-cgroup"}
-	b[ShareNet] = []string{"--share-net"}
-
-	b[UserNS] = []string{"--disable-userns", "--assert-userns-disabled"}
-	b[Clearenv] = []string{"--clearenv"}
-
-	b[NewSession] = []string{"--new-session"}
-	b[DieWithParent] = []string{"--die-with-parent"}
-	b[AsInit] = []string{"--as-pid-1"}
-
-	return
-}()
-
-func (c *Config) boolArgs() (b [boolC]bool) {
-	if c.Unshare == nil {
-		b[UnshareAll] = true
-		b[ShareNet] = c.Net
-	} else {
-		b[UnshareUser] = c.Unshare.User
-		b[UnshareIPC] = c.Unshare.IPC
-		b[UnsharePID] = c.Unshare.PID
-		b[UnshareNet] = c.Unshare.Net
-		b[UnshareUTS] = c.Unshare.UTS
-		b[UnshareCGroup] = c.Unshare.CGroup
-	}
-
-	b[UserNS] = !c.UserNS
-	b[Clearenv] = c.Clearenv
-
-	b[NewSession] = c.NewSession
-	b[DieWithParent] = c.DieWithParent
-	b[AsInit] = c.AsInit
-
-	return
-}

helper/bwrap/config.go

@@ -1,77 +1,14 @@
 package bwrap
 
 import (
+	"encoding/gob"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
 )
 
-func (c *Config) Args() (args []string) {
+func init() {
-	b := c.boolArgs()
+	gob.Register(new(PermConfig[SymlinkConfig]))
-	n := c.intArgs()
+	gob.Register(new(PermConfig[*TmpfsConfig]))
-	g := c.interfaceArgs()
-	s := c.stringArgs()
-	p := c.pairArgs()
-
-	argc := 0
-	for i, arg := range b {
-		if arg {
-			argc += len(boolArgs[i])
-		}
-	}
-	for _, arg := range n {
-		if arg != nil {
-			argc += 2
-		}
-	}
-	for _, arg := range g {
-		argc += len(arg) * 3
-	}
-	for _, arg := range s {
-		argc += len(arg) * 2
-	}
-	for _, arg := range p {
-		argc += len(arg) * 3
-	}
-
-	args = make([]string, 0, argc)
-	for i, arg := range b {
-		if arg {
-			args = append(args, boolArgs[i]...)
-		}
-	}
-	for i, arg := range n {
-		if arg != nil {
-			args = append(args, intArgs[i], strconv.Itoa(*arg))
-		}
-	}
-	for i, arg := range g {
-		for _, v := range arg {
-			if v.Later() {
-				continue
-			}
-			args = append(args, v.Value(interfaceArgs[i])...)
-		}
-	}
-	for i, arg := range s {
-		for _, v := range arg {
-			args = append(args, stringArgs[i], v)
-		}
-	}
-	for i, arg := range p {
-		for _, v := range arg {
-			args = append(args, pairArgs[i], v[0], v[1])
-		}
-	}
-	for i, arg := range g {
-		for _, v := range arg {
-			if !v.Later() {
-				continue
-			}
-			args = append(args, v.Value(interfaceArgs[i])...)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return
 }
 
 type Config struct {
@@ -114,53 +51,12 @@ type Config struct {
 	// (--lock-file DEST)
 	LockFile []string `json:"lock_file,omitempty"`
 
-	// bind mount host path on sandbox
+	// ordered filesystem args
-	// (--bind SRC DEST)
+	Filesystem []FSBuilder
-	Bind [][2]string `json:"bind,omitempty"`
-	// equal to Bind but ignores non-existent host path
-	// (--bind-try SRC DEST)
-	BindTry [][2]string `json:"bind_try,omitempty"`
-
-	// bind mount host path on sandbox, allowing device access
-	// (--dev-bind SRC DEST)
-	DevBind [][2]string `json:"dev_bind,omitempty"`
-	// equal to DevBind but ignores non-existent host path
-	// (--dev-bind-try SRC DEST)
-	DevBindTry [][2]string `json:"dev_bind_try,omitempty"`
-
-	// bind mount host path readonly on sandbox
-	// (--ro-bind SRC DEST)
-	ROBind [][2]string `json:"ro_bind,omitempty"`
-	// equal to ROBind but ignores non-existent host path
-	// (--ro-bind-try SRC DEST)
-	ROBindTry [][2]string `json:"ro_bind_try,omitempty"`
-
-	// remount path as readonly; does not recursively remount
-	// (--remount-ro DEST)
-	RemountRO []string `json:"remount_ro,omitempty"`
-
-	// mount new procfs in sandbox
-	// (--proc DEST)
-	Procfs []string `json:"proc,omitempty"`
-	// mount new dev in sandbox
-	// (--dev DEST)
-	DevTmpfs []string `json:"dev,omitempty"`
-	// mount new tmpfs in sandbox
-	// (--tmpfs DEST)
-	Tmpfs []PermConfig[TmpfsConfig] `json:"tmpfs,omitempty"`
-	// mount new mqueue in sandbox
-	// (--mqueue DEST)
-	Mqueue []string `json:"mqueue,omitempty"`
-	// create dir in sandbox
-	// (--dir DEST)
-	Dir []PermConfig[string] `json:"dir,omitempty"`
-	// create symlink within sandbox
-	// (--symlink SRC DEST)
-	Symlink []PermConfig[[2]string] `json:"symlink,omitempty"`
 
 	// change permissions (must already exist)
 	// (--chmod OCTAL PATH)
-	Chmod map[string]os.FileMode `json:"chmod,omitempty"`
+	Chmod ChmodConfig `json:"chmod,omitempty"`
 
 	// create a new terminal session
 	// (--new-session)
@@ -172,13 +68,16 @@ type Config struct {
 	// (--as-pid-1)
 	AsInit bool `json:"as_init"`
 
+	// keep this fd open while sandbox is running
+	// (--sync-fd FD)
+	sync *os.File
+
 	/* unmapped options include:
 	    --unshare-user-try           Create new user namespace if possible else continue by skipping it
 	    --unshare-cgroup-try         Create new cgroup namespace if possible else continue by skipping it
 	    --userns FD                  Use this user namespace (cannot combine with --unshare-user)
 	    --userns2 FD                 After setup switch to this user namespace, only useful with --userns
 	    --pidns FD                   Use this pid namespace (as parent namespace if using --unshare-pid)
-		--sync-fd FD                 Keep this fd open while sandbox is running
 	    --exec-label LABEL           Exec label for the sandbox
 	    --file-label LABEL           File label for temporary sandbox content
 	    --file FD DEST               Copy from FD to destination DEST
@@ -196,6 +95,12 @@ type Config struct {
 	among which --args is used internally for passing arguments */
 }
 
+// Sync keep this fd open while sandbox is running
+// (--sync-fd FD)
+func (c *Config) Sync() *os.File {
+	return c.sync
+}
+
 type UnshareConfig struct {
 	// (--unshare-user)
 	// create new user namespace
@@ -217,6 +122,34 @@ type UnshareConfig struct {
 	CGroup bool `json:"cgroup"`
 }
 
+type PermConfig[T FSBuilder] struct {
+	// set permissions of next argument
+	// (--perms OCTAL)
+	Mode *os.FileMode `json:"mode,omitempty"`
+	// path to get the new permission
+	// (--bind-data, --file, etc.)
+	Inner T `json:"path"`
+}
+
+func (p *PermConfig[T]) Path() string {
+	return p.Inner.Path()
+}
+
+func (p *PermConfig[T]) Len() int {
+	if p.Mode != nil {
+		return p.Inner.Len() + 2
+	} else {
+		return p.Inner.Len()
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *PermConfig[T]) Append(args *[]string) {
+	if p.Mode != nil {
+		*args = append(*args, intArgs[Perms], strconv.FormatInt(int64(*p.Mode), 8))
+	}
+	p.Inner.Append(args)
+}
+
 type TmpfsConfig struct {
 	// set size of tmpfs
 	// (--size BYTES)
@@ -226,62 +159,47 @@ type TmpfsConfig struct {
 	Dir string `json:"dir"`
 }
 
-type argOf interface {
+func (t *TmpfsConfig) Path() string {
-	Value(arg string) (args []string)
+	return t.Dir
-	Later() bool
 }
 
-func copyToArgOfSlice[T [2]string | string | TmpfsConfig](src []PermConfig[T]) (dst []argOf) {
+func (t *TmpfsConfig) Len() int {
-	dst = make([]argOf, len(src))
+	if t.Size > 0 {
-	for i, arg := range src {
+		return 4
-		dst[i] = arg
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-type PermConfig[T [2]string | string | TmpfsConfig] struct {
-	// append this at the end of the argument stream
-	Last bool
-
-	// set permissions of next argument
-	// (--perms OCTAL)
-	Mode *os.FileMode `json:"mode,omitempty"`
-	// path to get the new permission
-	// (--bind-data, --file, etc.)
-	Path T
-}
-
-func (p PermConfig[T]) Later() bool {
-	return p.Last
-}
-
-func (p PermConfig[T]) Value(arg string) (args []string) {
-	// max possible size
-	if p.Mode != nil {
-		args = make([]string, 0, 6)
-		args = append(args, "--perms", strconv.Itoa(int(*p.Mode)))
 	} else {
-		args = make([]string, 0, 4)
+		return 2
-	}
+	}
-
+}
-	switch v := any(p.Path).(type) {
+
-	case string:
+func (t *TmpfsConfig) Append(args *[]string) {
-		args = append(args, arg, v)
+	if t.Size > 0 {
-		return
+		*args = append(*args, intArgs[Size], strconv.Itoa(t.Size))
-	case [2]string:
+	}
-		args = append(args, arg, v[0], v[1])
+	*args = append(*args, awkwardArgs[Tmpfs], t.Dir)
-		return
+}
-	case TmpfsConfig:
+
-		if arg != "--tmpfs" {
+type SymlinkConfig [2]string
-			panic("unreachable")
+
-		}
+func (s SymlinkConfig) Path() string {
-
+	return s[1]
-		if v.Size > 0 {
+}
-			args = append(args, "--size", strconv.Itoa(v.Size))
+
-		}
+func (s SymlinkConfig) Len() int {
-		args = append(args, arg, v.Dir)
+	return 3
-		return
+}
-	default:
+
-		panic("unreachable")
+func (s SymlinkConfig) Append(args *[]string) {
+	*args = append(*args, awkwardArgs[Symlink], s[0], s[1])
+}
+
+type ChmodConfig map[string]os.FileMode
+
+func (c ChmodConfig) Len() int {
+	return len(c)
+}
+
+func (c ChmodConfig) Append(args *[]string) {
+	for path, mode := range c {
+		*args = append(*args, pairArgs[Chmod], strconv.FormatInt(int64(mode), 8), path)
 	}
 }

helper/bwrap/config.int.go

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-package bwrap
-
-const (
-	UID = iota
-	GID
-
-	intC
-)
-
-var intArgs = func() (n [intC]string) {
-	n[UID] = "--uid"
-	n[GID] = "--gid"
-
-	return
-}()
-
-func (c *Config) intArgs() (n [intC]*int) {
-	n[UID] = c.UID
-	n[GID] = c.GID
-
-	return
-}

helper/bwrap/config.interface.go

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-package bwrap
-
-const (
-	Tmpfs = iota
-	Dir
-	Symlink
-
-	interfaceC
-)
-
-var interfaceArgs = func() (g [interfaceC]string) {
-	g[Tmpfs] = "--tmpfs"
-	g[Dir] = "--dir"
-	g[Symlink] = "--symlink"
-
-	return
-}()
-
-func (c *Config) interfaceArgs() (g [interfaceC][]argOf) {
-	g[Tmpfs] = copyToArgOfSlice(c.Tmpfs)
-	g[Dir] = copyToArgOfSlice(c.Dir)
-	g[Symlink] = copyToArgOfSlice(c.Symlink)
-
-	return
-}

helper/bwrap/config.pair.go

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-package bwrap
-
-import "strconv"
-
-const (
-	SetEnv = iota
-
-	Bind
-	BindTry
-	DevBind
-	DevBindTry
-	ROBind
-	ROBindTry
-
-	Chmod
-
-	pairC
-)
-
-var pairArgs = func() (n [pairC]string) {
-	n[SetEnv] = "--setenv"
-
-	n[Bind] = "--bind"
-	n[BindTry] = "--bind-try"
-	n[DevBind] = "--dev-bind"
-	n[DevBindTry] = "--dev-bind-try"
-	n[ROBind] = "--ro-bind"
-	n[ROBindTry] = "--ro-bind-try"
-
-	n[Chmod] = "--chmod"
-
-	return
-}()
-
-func (c *Config) pairArgs() (n [pairC][][2]string) {
-	n[SetEnv] = make([][2]string, 0, len(c.SetEnv))
-	for k, v := range c.SetEnv {
-		n[SetEnv] = append(n[SetEnv], [2]string{k, v})
-	}
-
-	n[Bind] = c.Bind
-	n[BindTry] = c.BindTry
-	n[DevBind] = c.DevBind
-	n[DevBindTry] = c.DevBindTry
-	n[ROBind] = c.ROBind
-	n[ROBindTry] = c.ROBindTry
-
-	n[Chmod] = make([][2]string, 0, len(c.Chmod))
-	for path, octal := range c.Chmod {
-		n[Chmod] = append(n[Chmod], [2]string{strconv.Itoa(int(octal)), path})
-	}
-
-	return
-}

helper/bwrap/config.set.go

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+package bwrap
+
+import "os"
+
+/*
+Bind binds mount src on host to dest in sandbox.
+
+Bind(src, dest) bind mount host path readonly on sandbox
+(--ro-bind SRC DEST).
+Bind(src, dest, true) equal to ROBind but ignores non-existent host path
+(--ro-bind-try SRC DEST).
+
+Bind(src, dest, false, true) bind mount host path on sandbox.
+(--bind SRC DEST).
+Bind(src, dest, true, true) equal to Bind but ignores non-existent host path
+(--bind-try SRC DEST).
+
+Bind(src, dest, false, true, true) bind mount host path on sandbox, allowing device access
+(--dev-bind SRC DEST).
+Bind(src, dest, true, true, true) equal to DevBind but ignores non-existent host path
+(--dev-bind-try SRC DEST).
+*/
+func (c *Config) Bind(src, dest string, opts ...bool) *Config {
+	var (
+		try   bool
+		write bool
+		dev   bool
+	)
+
+	if len(opts) > 0 {
+		try = opts[0]
+	}
+	if len(opts) > 1 {
+		write = opts[1]
+	}
+	if len(opts) > 2 {
+		dev = opts[2]
+	}
+
+	if dev {
+		if try {
+			c.Filesystem = append(c.Filesystem, &pairF{pairArgs[DevBindTry], src, dest})
+		} else {
+			c.Filesystem = append(c.Filesystem, &pairF{pairArgs[DevBind], src, dest})
+		}
+		return c
+	} else if write {
+		if try {
+			c.Filesystem = append(c.Filesystem, &pairF{pairArgs[BindTry], src, dest})
+		} else {
+			c.Filesystem = append(c.Filesystem, &pairF{pairArgs[Bind], src, dest})
+		}
+		return c
+	} else {
+		if try {
+			c.Filesystem = append(c.Filesystem, &pairF{pairArgs[ROBindTry], src, dest})
+		} else {
+			c.Filesystem = append(c.Filesystem, &pairF{pairArgs[ROBind], src, dest})
+		}
+		return c
+	}
+}
+
+// RemountRO remount path as readonly; does not recursively remount
+// (--remount-ro DEST)
+func (c *Config) RemountRO(dest string) *Config {
+	c.Filesystem = append(c.Filesystem, &stringF{stringArgs[RemountRO], dest})
+	return c
+}
+
+// Procfs mount new procfs in sandbox
+// (--proc DEST)
+func (c *Config) Procfs(dest string) *Config {
+	c.Filesystem = append(c.Filesystem, &stringF{stringArgs[Procfs], dest})
+	return c
+}
+
+// DevTmpfs mount new dev in sandbox
+// (--dev DEST)
+func (c *Config) DevTmpfs(dest string) *Config {
+	c.Filesystem = append(c.Filesystem, &stringF{stringArgs[DevTmpfs], dest})
+	return c
+}
+
+// Tmpfs mount new tmpfs in sandbox
+// (--tmpfs DEST)
+func (c *Config) Tmpfs(dest string, size int, perm ...os.FileMode) *Config {
+	tmpfs := &PermConfig[*TmpfsConfig]{Inner: &TmpfsConfig{Dir: dest}}
+	if size >= 0 {
+		tmpfs.Inner.Size = size
+	}
+	if len(perm) == 1 {
+		tmpfs.Mode = &perm[0]
+	}
+	c.Filesystem = append(c.Filesystem, tmpfs)
+	return c
+}
+
+// Mqueue mount new mqueue in sandbox
+// (--mqueue DEST)
+func (c *Config) Mqueue(dest string) *Config {
+	c.Filesystem = append(c.Filesystem, &stringF{stringArgs[Mqueue], dest})
+	return c
+}
+
+// Dir create dir in sandbox
+// (--dir DEST)
+func (c *Config) Dir(dest string) *Config {
+	c.Filesystem = append(c.Filesystem, &stringF{stringArgs[Dir], dest})
+	return c
+}
+
+// Symlink create symlink within sandbox
+// (--symlink SRC DEST)
+func (c *Config) Symlink(src, dest string, perm ...os.FileMode) *Config {
+	symlink := &PermConfig[SymlinkConfig]{Inner: SymlinkConfig{src, dest}}
+	if len(perm) == 1 {
+		symlink.Mode = &perm[0]
+	}
+	c.Filesystem = append(c.Filesystem, symlink)
+	return c
+}
+
+// SetUID sets custom uid in the sandbox, requires new user namespace (--uid UID).
+func (c *Config) SetUID(uid int) *Config {
+	if uid >= 0 {
+		c.UID = &uid
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
+// SetGID sets custom gid in the sandbox, requires new user namespace (--gid GID).
+func (c *Config) SetGID(gid int) *Config {
+	if gid >= 0 {
+		c.GID = &gid
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
+// SetSync sets the sync pipe kept open while sandbox is running
+// (--sync-fd FD)
+func (c *Config) SetSync(s *os.File) *Config {
+	c.sync = s
+	return c
+}

helper/bwrap/config.string.go

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-package bwrap
-
-const (
-	Hostname = iota
-	Chdir
-	UnsetEnv
-	LockFile
-	RemountRO
-	Procfs
-	DevTmpfs
-	Mqueue
-
-	stringC
-)
-
-var stringArgs = func() (n [stringC]string) {
-	n[Hostname] = "--hostname"
-	n[Chdir] = "--chdir"
-	n[UnsetEnv] = "--unsetenv"
-	n[LockFile] = "--lock-file"
-	n[RemountRO] = "--remount-ro"
-	n[Procfs] = "--proc"
-	n[DevTmpfs] = "--dev"
-	n[Mqueue] = "--mqueue"
-
-	return
-}()
-
-func (c *Config) stringArgs() (n [stringC][]string) {
-	if c.Hostname != "" {
-		n[Hostname] = []string{c.Hostname}
-	}
-	if c.Chdir != "" {
-		n[Chdir] = []string{c.Chdir}
-	}
-	n[UnsetEnv] = c.UnsetEnv
-	n[LockFile] = c.LockFile
-	n[RemountRO] = c.RemountRO
-	n[Procfs] = c.Procfs
-	n[DevTmpfs] = c.DevTmpfs
-	n[Mqueue] = c.Mqueue
-
-	return
-}

helper/bwrap/config_test.go

@@ -13,47 +13,38 @@ func TestConfig_Args(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "xdg-dbus-proxy constraint sample",
-			conf: &Config{
+			conf: (&Config{
 				Unshare:       nil,
 				UserNS:        false,
 				Clearenv:      true,
-				Symlink: []PermConfig[[2]string]{
-					{Path: [2]string{"usr/bin", "/bin"}},
-					{Path: [2]string{"var/home", "/home"}},
-					{Path: [2]string{"usr/lib", "/lib"}},
-					{Path: [2]string{"usr/lib64", "/lib64"}},
-					{Path: [2]string{"run/media", "/media"}},
-					{Path: [2]string{"var/mnt", "/mnt"}},
-					{Path: [2]string{"var/opt", "/opt"}},
-					{Path: [2]string{"sysroot/ostree", "/ostree"}},
-					{Path: [2]string{"var/roothome", "/root"}},
-					{Path: [2]string{"usr/sbin", "/sbin"}},
-					{Path: [2]string{"var/srv", "/srv"}},
-				},
-				Bind: [][2]string{
-					{"/run", "/run"},
-					{"/tmp", "/tmp"},
-					{"/var", "/var"},
-					{"/run/user/1971/.dbus-proxy/", "/run/user/1971/.dbus-proxy/"},
-				},
-				ROBind: [][2]string{
-					{"/boot", "/boot"},
-					{"/dev", "/dev"},
-					{"/proc", "/proc"},
-					{"/sys", "/sys"},
-					{"/sysroot", "/sysroot"},
-					{"/usr", "/usr"},
-					{"/etc", "/etc"},
-				},
 				DieWithParent: true,
-			},
+			}).
+				Symlink("usr/bin", "/bin").
+				Symlink("var/home", "/home").
+				Symlink("usr/lib", "/lib").
+				Symlink("usr/lib64", "/lib64").
+				Symlink("run/media", "/media").
+				Symlink("var/mnt", "/mnt").
+				Symlink("var/opt", "/opt").
+				Symlink("sysroot/ostree", "/ostree").
+				Symlink("var/roothome", "/root").
+				Symlink("usr/sbin", "/sbin").
+				Symlink("var/srv", "/srv").
+				Bind("/run", "/run", false, true).
+				Bind("/tmp", "/tmp", false, true).
+				Bind("/var", "/var", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/user/1971/.dbus-proxy/", "/run/user/1971/.dbus-proxy/", false, true).
+				Bind("/boot", "/boot").
+				Bind("/dev", "/dev").
+				Bind("/proc", "/proc").
+				Bind("/sys", "/sys").
+				Bind("/sysroot", "/sysroot").
+				Bind("/usr", "/usr").
+				Bind("/etc", "/etc"),
 			want: []string{
-				"--unshare-all",
+				"--unshare-all", "--unshare-user",
-				"--unshare-user",
+				"--disable-userns", "--assert-userns-disabled",
-				"--disable-userns",
+				"--clearenv", "--die-with-parent",
-				"--assert-userns-disabled",
-				"--clearenv",
-				"--die-with-parent",
 				"--symlink", "usr/bin", "/bin",
 				"--symlink", "var/home", "/home",
 				"--symlink", "usr/lib", "/lib",
@@ -78,6 +69,148 @@ func TestConfig_Args(t *testing.T) {
 				"--ro-bind", "/etc", "/etc",
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name: "fortify permissive default nixos",
+			conf: (&Config{
+				Unshare:  nil,
+				Net:      true,
+				UserNS:   true,
+				Clearenv: true,
+				SetEnv: map[string]string{
+					"HOME":              "/home/chronos",
+					"TERM":              "xterm-256color",
+					"FORTIFY_INIT":      "3",
+					"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR":   "/run/user/150",
+					"XDG_SESSION_CLASS": "user",
+					"XDG_SESSION_TYPE":  "tty",
+					"SHELL":             "/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh",
+					"USER":              "chronos",
+				},
+				DieWithParent: true,
+				AsInit:        true,
+			}).SetUID(65534).SetGID(65534).
+				Procfs("/proc").DevTmpfs("/dev").Mqueue("/dev/mqueue").
+				Bind("/bin", "/bin", false, true).
+				Bind("/boot", "/boot", false, true).
+				Bind("/etc", "/etc", false, true).
+				Bind("/home", "/home", false, true).
+				Bind("/lib", "/lib", false, true).
+				Bind("/lib64", "/lib64", false, true).
+				Bind("/nix", "/nix", false, true).
+				Bind("/root", "/root", false, true).
+				Bind("/srv", "/srv", false, true).
+				Bind("/sys", "/sys", false, true).
+				Bind("/usr", "/usr", false, true).
+				Bind("/var", "/var", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/NetworkManager", "/run/NetworkManager", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/agetty.reload", "/run/agetty.reload", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/binfmt", "/run/binfmt", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/booted-system", "/run/booted-system", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/credentials", "/run/credentials", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/cryptsetup", "/run/cryptsetup", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/current-system", "/run/current-system", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/host", "/run/host", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/keys", "/run/keys", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/libvirt", "/run/libvirt", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/libvirtd.pid", "/run/libvirtd.pid", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/lock", "/run/lock", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/log", "/run/log", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/lvm", "/run/lvm", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/mount", "/run/mount", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/nginx", "/run/nginx", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/nscd", "/run/nscd", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/opengl-driver", "/run/opengl-driver", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/pppd", "/run/pppd", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/resolvconf", "/run/resolvconf", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/sddm", "/run/sddm", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/syncoid", "/run/syncoid", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/systemd", "/run/systemd", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/tmpfiles.d", "/run/tmpfiles.d", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/udev", "/run/udev", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/udisks2", "/run/udisks2", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/utmp", "/run/utmp", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/virtlogd.pid", "/run/virtlogd.pid", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/wrappers", "/run/wrappers", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/zed.pid", "/run/zed.pid", false, true).
+				Bind("/run/zed.state", "/run/zed.state", false, true).
+				Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir/150", "/tmp", false, true).
+				Tmpfs("/tmp/fortify.1971", 1048576).
+				Tmpfs("/run/user", 1048576).
+				Tmpfs("/run/user/150", 8388608).
+				Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/67a97cc824a64ef789f16b20ca6ce311/passwd", "/tmp/fortify.1971/67a97cc824a64ef789f16b20ca6ce311/passwd").
+				Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/67a97cc824a64ef789f16b20ca6ce311/group", "/tmp/fortify.1971/67a97cc824a64ef789f16b20ca6ce311/group").
+				Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/67a97cc824a64ef789f16b20ca6ce311/passwd", "/etc/passwd").
+				Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/67a97cc824a64ef789f16b20ca6ce311/group", "/etc/group").
+				Tmpfs("/var/run/nscd", 8192),
+			want: []string{
+				"--unshare-all", "--unshare-user", "--share-net",
+				"--clearenv", "--die-with-parent", "--as-pid-1",
+				"--uid", "65534",
+				"--gid", "65534",
+				"--setenv", "FORTIFY_INIT", "3",
+				"--setenv", "HOME", "/home/chronos",
+				"--setenv", "SHELL", "/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh",
+				"--setenv", "TERM", "xterm-256color",
+				"--setenv", "USER", "chronos",
+				"--setenv", "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR", "/run/user/150",
+				"--setenv", "XDG_SESSION_CLASS", "user",
+				"--setenv", "XDG_SESSION_TYPE", "tty",
+				"--proc", "/proc", "--dev", "/dev",
+				"--mqueue", "/dev/mqueue",
+				"--bind", "/bin", "/bin",
+				"--bind", "/boot", "/boot",
+				"--bind", "/etc", "/etc",
+				"--bind", "/home", "/home",
+				"--bind", "/lib", "/lib",
+				"--bind", "/lib64", "/lib64",
+				"--bind", "/nix", "/nix",
+				"--bind", "/root", "/root",
+				"--bind", "/srv", "/srv",
+				"--bind", "/sys", "/sys",
+				"--bind", "/usr", "/usr",
+				"--bind", "/var", "/var",
+				"--bind", "/run/NetworkManager", "/run/NetworkManager",
+				"--bind", "/run/agetty.reload", "/run/agetty.reload",
+				"--bind", "/run/binfmt", "/run/binfmt",
+				"--bind", "/run/booted-system", "/run/booted-system",
+				"--bind", "/run/credentials", "/run/credentials",
+				"--bind", "/run/cryptsetup", "/run/cryptsetup",
+				"--bind", "/run/current-system", "/run/current-system",
+				"--bind", "/run/host", "/run/host",
+				"--bind", "/run/keys", "/run/keys",
+				"--bind", "/run/libvirt", "/run/libvirt",
+				"--bind", "/run/libvirtd.pid", "/run/libvirtd.pid",
+				"--bind", "/run/lock", "/run/lock",
+				"--bind", "/run/log", "/run/log",
+				"--bind", "/run/lvm", "/run/lvm",
+				"--bind", "/run/mount", "/run/mount",
+				"--bind", "/run/nginx", "/run/nginx",
+				"--bind", "/run/nscd", "/run/nscd",
+				"--bind", "/run/opengl-driver", "/run/opengl-driver",
+				"--bind", "/run/pppd", "/run/pppd",
+				"--bind", "/run/resolvconf", "/run/resolvconf",
+				"--bind", "/run/sddm", "/run/sddm",
+				"--bind", "/run/syncoid", "/run/syncoid",
+				"--bind", "/run/systemd", "/run/systemd",
+				"--bind", "/run/tmpfiles.d", "/run/tmpfiles.d",
+				"--bind", "/run/udev", "/run/udev",
+				"--bind", "/run/udisks2", "/run/udisks2",
+				"--bind", "/run/utmp", "/run/utmp",
+				"--bind", "/run/virtlogd.pid", "/run/virtlogd.pid",
+				"--bind", "/run/wrappers", "/run/wrappers",
+				"--bind", "/run/zed.pid", "/run/zed.pid",
+				"--bind", "/run/zed.state", "/run/zed.state",
+				"--bind", "/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir/150", "/tmp",
+				"--size", "1048576", "--tmpfs", "/tmp/fortify.1971",
+				"--size", "1048576", "--tmpfs", "/run/user",
+				"--size", "8388608", "--tmpfs", "/run/user/150",
+				"--ro-bind", "/tmp/fortify.1971/67a97cc824a64ef789f16b20ca6ce311/passwd", "/tmp/fortify.1971/67a97cc824a64ef789f16b20ca6ce311/passwd",
+				"--ro-bind", "/tmp/fortify.1971/67a97cc824a64ef789f16b20ca6ce311/group", "/tmp/fortify.1971/67a97cc824a64ef789f16b20ca6ce311/group",
+				"--ro-bind", "/tmp/fortify.1971/67a97cc824a64ef789f16b20ca6ce311/passwd", "/etc/passwd",
+				"--ro-bind", "/tmp/fortify.1971/67a97cc824a64ef789f16b20ca6ce311/group", "/etc/group",
+				"--size", "8192", "--tmpfs", "/var/run/nscd",
+			},
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {

helper/bwrap_test.go

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
 )
 
 func TestBwrap(t *testing.T) {

helper/direct_test.go

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper"
 )
 
 func TestDirect(t *testing.T) {

helper/helper.go

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-/*
+// Package helper runs external helpers with optional sandboxing and manages their status/args pipes.
-Package helper runs external helpers and manages their status and args FDs.
-*/
 package helper
 
 import (

helper/helper_test.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper"
 )
 
 var (

helper/pipe.go

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
+
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/proc"
 )
 
 type pipes struct {
@@ -47,24 +49,21 @@ func (p *pipes) pipe() error {
 }
 
 // calls pipe to create pipes and sets them up as ExtraFiles, returning their fd
-func (p *pipes) prepareCmd(cmd *exec.Cmd) (int, int, error) {
+func (p *pipes) prepareCmd(cmd *exec.Cmd) (argsFd, statFd int, err error) {
-	if err := p.pipe(); err != nil {
+	argsFd, statFd = -1, -1
-		return -1, -1, err
+	if err = p.pipe(); err != nil {
+		return
 	}
 
 	// save a reference of cmd for future use
 	p.cmd = cmd
 
-	// ExtraFiles: If non-nil, entry i becomes file descriptor 3+i.
+	argsFd = int(proc.ExtraFile(cmd, p.argsP[0]))
-	argsFd := 3 + len(cmd.ExtraFiles)
-	cmd.ExtraFiles = append(cmd.ExtraFiles, p.argsP[0])
-
 	if p.ready != nil {
-		cmd.ExtraFiles = append(cmd.ExtraFiles, p.statP[1])
+		statFd = int(proc.ExtraFile(cmd, p.statP[1]))
-		return argsFd, argsFd + 1, nil
-	} else {
-		return argsFd, -1, nil
 	}
+
+	return
 }
 
 func (p *pipes) readyWriteArgs() error {

helper/stub.go

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
 )
 
 // InternalChildStub is an internal function but exported because it is cross-package;
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ func InternalChildStub() {
 		genericStub(argsFD, statFD)
 	}
 
-	os.Exit(0)
+	fmsg.Exit(0)
 }
 
 // InternalReplaceExecCommand is an internal function but exported because it is cross-package;

helper/stub_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package helper_test
 import (
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper"
 )
 
 func TestHelperChildStub(t *testing.T) {

internal/app/app.go

@@ -1,32 +1,50 @@
 package app
 
 import (
-	"net"
-	"os/exec"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/cmd/fshim/ipc/shim"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/fst"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/linux"
 )
 
 type App interface {
-	Seal(config *Config) error
+	// ID returns a copy of App's unique ID.
+	ID() fst.ID
+	// Start sets up the system and starts the App.
 	Start() error
+	// Wait waits for App's process to exit and reverts system setup.
 	Wait() (int, error)
+	// WaitErr returns error returned by the underlying wait syscall.
 	WaitErr() error
+
+	Seal(config *fst.Config) error
 	String() string
 }
 
 type app struct {
+	// single-use config reference
+	ct *appCt
+
+	// application unique identifier
+	id *fst.ID
+	// operating system interface
+	os linux.System
+	// shim process manager
+	shim *shim.Shim
 	// child process related information
 	seal *appSeal
-	// underlying fortified child process
-	cmd *exec.Cmd
-	// wayland connection if wayland mediation is enabled
-	wayland *net.UnixConn
 	// error returned waiting for process
-	wait error
+	waitErr error
 
 	lock sync.RWMutex
 }
 
+func (a *app) ID() fst.ID {
+	return *a.id
+}
+
 func (a *app) String() string {
 	if a == nil {
 		return "(invalid fortified app)"
@@ -35,21 +53,45 @@ func (a *app) String() string {
 	a.lock.RLock()
 	defer a.lock.RUnlock()
 
-	if a.cmd != nil {
+	if a.shim != nil {
-		return a.cmd.String()
+		return a.shim.String()
 	}
 
 	if a.seal != nil {
-		return "(sealed fortified app as uid " + a.seal.sys.Uid + ")"
+		return "(sealed fortified app as uid " + a.seal.sys.user.us + ")"
 	}
 
 	return "(unsealed fortified app)"
 }
 
 func (a *app) WaitErr() error {
-	return a.wait
+	return a.waitErr
 }
 
-func New() App {
+func New(os linux.System) (App, error) {
-	return new(app)
+	a := new(app)
+	a.id = new(fst.ID)
+	a.os = os
+	return a, fst.NewAppID(a.id)
+}
+
+// appCt ensures its wrapped val is only accessed once
+type appCt struct {
+	val  *fst.Config
+	done *atomic.Bool
+}
+
+func (a *appCt) Unwrap() *fst.Config {
+	if !a.done.Load() {
+		defer a.done.Store(true)
+		return a.val
+	}
+	panic("attempted to access config reference twice")
+}
+
+func newAppCt(config *fst.Config) (ct *appCt) {
+	ct = new(appCt)
+	ct.done = new(atomic.Bool)
+	ct.val = config
+	return ct
 }

internal/app/app_nixos_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+package app_test
+
+import (
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/acl"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/fst"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/system"
+)
+
+var testCasesNixos = []sealTestCase{
+	{
+		"nixos chromium direct wayland", new(stubNixOS),
+		&fst.Config{
+			ID:      "org.chromium.Chromium",
+			Command: []string{"/nix/store/yqivzpzzn7z5x0lq9hmbzygh45d8rhqd-chromium-start"},
+			Confinement: fst.ConfinementConfig{
+				AppID: 1, Groups: []string{}, Username: "u0_a1",
+				Outer: "/var/lib/persist/module/fortify/0/1",
+				Sandbox: &fst.SandboxConfig{
+					UserNS: true, Net: true, MapRealUID: true, DirectWayland: true, Env: nil,
+					Filesystem: []*fst.FilesystemConfig{
+						{Src: "/bin", Must: true}, {Src: "/usr/bin", Must: true},
+						{Src: "/nix/store", Must: true}, {Src: "/run/current-system", Must: true},
+						{Src: "/sys/block"}, {Src: "/sys/bus"}, {Src: "/sys/class"}, {Src: "/sys/dev"}, {Src: "/sys/devices"},
+						{Src: "/run/opengl-driver", Must: true}, {Src: "/dev/dri", Device: true},
+					}, AutoEtc: true,
+					Override: []string{"/var/run/nscd"},
+				},
+				SystemBus: &dbus.Config{
+					Talk:   []string{"org.bluez", "org.freedesktop.Avahi", "org.freedesktop.UPower"},
+					Filter: true,
+				},
+				SessionBus: &dbus.Config{
+					Talk: []string{
+						"org.freedesktop.FileManager1", "org.freedesktop.Notifications",
+						"org.freedesktop.ScreenSaver", "org.freedesktop.secrets",
+						"org.kde.kwalletd5", "org.kde.kwalletd6",
+					},
+					Own: []string{
+						"org.chromium.Chromium.*",
+						"org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.org.chromium.Chromium.*",
+						"org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.chromium.*",
+					},
+					Call: map[string]string{}, Broadcast: map[string]string{},
+					Filter: true,
+				},
+				Enablements: system.EWayland.Mask() | system.EDBus.Mask() | system.EPulse.Mask(),
+			},
+		},
+		fst.ID{
+			0x8e, 0x2c, 0x76, 0xb0,
+			0x66, 0xda, 0xbe, 0x57,
+			0x4c, 0xf0, 0x73, 0xbd,
+			0xb4, 0x6e, 0xb5, 0xc1,
+		},
+		system.New(1000001).
+			Ensure("/tmp/fortify.1971", 0711).
+			Ephemeral(system.Process, "/tmp/fortify.1971/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1", 0711).
+			Ensure("/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir", acl.Execute).
+			Ensure("/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir/1", 01700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir/1", acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute).
+			Ensure("/run/user/1971/fortify", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/run/user/1971/fortify", acl.Execute).
+			Ensure("/run/user/1971", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/run/user/1971", acl.Execute). // this is ordered as is because the previous Ensure only calls mkdir if XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is unset
+			Ephemeral(system.Process, "/run/user/1971/fortify/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.Process, "/run/user/1971/fortify/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1", acl.Execute).
+			WriteType(system.Process, "/tmp/fortify.1971/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/passwd", "u0_a1:x:1971:1971:Fortify:/var/lib/persist/module/fortify/0/1:/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh\n").
+			WriteType(system.Process, "/tmp/fortify.1971/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/group", "fortify:x:1971:\n").
+			Link("/run/user/1971/wayland-0", "/run/user/1971/fortify/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/wayland").
+			UpdatePermType(system.EWayland, "/run/user/1971/wayland-0", acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute).
+			Link("/run/user/1971/pulse/native", "/run/user/1971/fortify/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/pulse").
+			CopyFile("/tmp/fortify.1971/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/pulse-cookie", "/home/ophestra/xdg/config/pulse/cookie").
+			MustProxyDBus("/tmp/fortify.1971/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/bus", &dbus.Config{
+				Talk: []string{
+					"org.freedesktop.FileManager1", "org.freedesktop.Notifications",
+					"org.freedesktop.ScreenSaver", "org.freedesktop.secrets",
+					"org.kde.kwalletd5", "org.kde.kwalletd6",
+				},
+				Own: []string{
+					"org.chromium.Chromium.*",
+					"org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.org.chromium.Chromium.*",
+					"org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.chromium.*",
+				},
+				Call: map[string]string{}, Broadcast: map[string]string{},
+				Filter: true,
+			}, "/tmp/fortify.1971/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/system_bus_socket", &dbus.Config{
+				Talk: []string{
+					"org.bluez",
+					"org.freedesktop.Avahi",
+					"org.freedesktop.UPower",
+				},
+				Filter: true,
+			}).
+			UpdatePerm("/tmp/fortify.1971/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/bus", acl.Read, acl.Write).
+			UpdatePerm("/tmp/fortify.1971/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/system_bus_socket", acl.Read, acl.Write),
+		(&bwrap.Config{
+			Net:      true,
+			UserNS:   true,
+			Chdir:    "/var/lib/persist/module/fortify/0/1",
+			Clearenv: true,
+			SetEnv: map[string]string{
+				"DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS": "unix:path=/run/user/1971/bus",
+				"DBUS_SYSTEM_BUS_ADDRESS":  "unix:path=/run/dbus/system_bus_socket",
+				"HOME":                     "/var/lib/persist/module/fortify/0/1",
+				"PULSE_COOKIE":             "/tmp/fortify.1971/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/pulse-cookie",
+				"PULSE_SERVER":             "unix:/run/user/1971/pulse/native",
+				"SHELL":                    "/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh",
+				"TERM":                     "xterm-256color",
+				"USER":                     "u0_a1",
+				"WAYLAND_DISPLAY":          "/run/user/1971/wayland-0",
+				"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR":          "/run/user/1971",
+				"XDG_SESSION_CLASS":        "user",
+				"XDG_SESSION_TYPE":         "tty",
+			},
+			Chmod:         make(bwrap.ChmodConfig),
+			NewSession:    true,
+			DieWithParent: true,
+			AsInit:        true,
+		}).SetUID(1971).SetGID(1971).
+			Procfs("/proc").
+			Tmpfs("/fortify", 4096).
+			DevTmpfs("/dev").Mqueue("/dev/mqueue").
+			Bind("/bin", "/bin").
+			Bind("/usr/bin", "/usr/bin").
+			Bind("/nix/store", "/nix/store").
+			Bind("/run/current-system", "/run/current-system").
+			Bind("/sys/block", "/sys/block", true).
+			Bind("/sys/bus", "/sys/bus", true).
+			Bind("/sys/class", "/sys/class", true).
+			Bind("/sys/dev", "/sys/dev", true).
+			Bind("/sys/devices", "/sys/devices", true).
+			Bind("/run/opengl-driver", "/run/opengl-driver").
+			Bind("/dev/dri", "/dev/dri", true, true, true).
+			Bind("/etc", "/fortify/etc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/alsa", "/etc/alsa").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/bashrc", "/etc/bashrc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/binfmt.d", "/etc/binfmt.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/dbus-1", "/etc/dbus-1").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/default", "/etc/default").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/ethertypes", "/etc/ethertypes").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/fonts", "/etc/fonts").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/fstab", "/etc/fstab").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/fuse.conf", "/etc/fuse.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/host.conf", "/etc/host.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/hostid", "/etc/hostid").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/hostname", "/etc/hostname").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/hostname.CHECKSUM", "/etc/hostname.CHECKSUM").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/hosts", "/etc/hosts").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/inputrc", "/etc/inputrc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/ipsec.d", "/etc/ipsec.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/issue", "/etc/issue").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/kbd", "/etc/kbd").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/libblockdev", "/etc/libblockdev").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/locale.conf", "/etc/locale.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/localtime", "/etc/localtime").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/login.defs", "/etc/login.defs").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/lsb-release", "/etc/lsb-release").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/lvm", "/etc/lvm").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/machine-id", "/etc/machine-id").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/man_db.conf", "/etc/man_db.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/modprobe.d", "/etc/modprobe.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/modules-load.d", "/etc/modules-load.d").
+			Symlink("/proc/mounts", "/etc/mtab").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/nanorc", "/etc/nanorc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/netgroup", "/etc/netgroup").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/NetworkManager", "/etc/NetworkManager").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/nix", "/etc/nix").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/nixos", "/etc/nixos").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/NIXOS", "/etc/NIXOS").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/nscd.conf", "/etc/nscd.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/nsswitch.conf", "/etc/nsswitch.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/opensnitchd", "/etc/opensnitchd").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/os-release", "/etc/os-release").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/pam", "/etc/pam").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/pam.d", "/etc/pam.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/pipewire", "/etc/pipewire").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/pki", "/etc/pki").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/polkit-1", "/etc/polkit-1").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/profile", "/etc/profile").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/protocols", "/etc/protocols").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/qemu", "/etc/qemu").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/resolv.conf", "/etc/resolv.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/resolvconf.conf", "/etc/resolvconf.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/rpc", "/etc/rpc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/samba", "/etc/samba").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/sddm.conf", "/etc/sddm.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/secureboot", "/etc/secureboot").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/services", "/etc/services").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/set-environment", "/etc/set-environment").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/shadow", "/etc/shadow").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/shells", "/etc/shells").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/ssh", "/etc/ssh").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/ssl", "/etc/ssl").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/static", "/etc/static").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/subgid", "/etc/subgid").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/subuid", "/etc/subuid").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/sudoers", "/etc/sudoers").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/sysctl.d", "/etc/sysctl.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/systemd", "/etc/systemd").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/terminfo", "/etc/terminfo").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/tmpfiles.d", "/etc/tmpfiles.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/udev", "/etc/udev").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/udisks2", "/etc/udisks2").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/UPower", "/etc/UPower").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/vconsole.conf", "/etc/vconsole.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/X11", "/etc/X11").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zfs", "/etc/zfs").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zinputrc", "/etc/zinputrc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zoneinfo", "/etc/zoneinfo").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zprofile", "/etc/zprofile").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zshenv", "/etc/zshenv").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zshrc", "/etc/zshrc").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir/1", "/tmp", false, true).
+			Tmpfs("/tmp/fortify.1971", 1048576).
+			Tmpfs("/run/user", 1048576).
+			Tmpfs("/run/user/1971", 8388608).
+			Bind("/var/lib/persist/module/fortify/0/1", "/var/lib/persist/module/fortify/0/1", false, true).
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/passwd", "/etc/passwd").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/group", "/etc/group").
+			Bind("/run/user/1971/fortify/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/wayland", "/run/user/1971/wayland-0").
+			Bind("/run/user/1971/fortify/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/pulse", "/run/user/1971/pulse/native").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/pulse-cookie", "/tmp/fortify.1971/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/pulse-cookie").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/bus", "/run/user/1971/bus").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/system_bus_socket", "/run/dbus/system_bus_socket").
+			Tmpfs("/var/run/nscd", 8192),
+	},
+}

internal/app/app_pd_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+package app_test
+
+import (
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/acl"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/fst"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/system"
+)
+
+var testCasesPd = []sealTestCase{
+	{
+		"nixos permissive defaults no enablements", new(stubNixOS),
+		&fst.Config{
+			Command: make([]string, 0),
+			Confinement: fst.ConfinementConfig{
+				AppID:    0,
+				Username: "chronos",
+				Outer:    "/home/chronos",
+			},
+		},
+		fst.ID{
+			0x4a, 0x45, 0x0b, 0x65,
+			0x96, 0xd7, 0xbc, 0x15,
+			0xbd, 0x01, 0x78, 0x0e,
+			0xb9, 0xa6, 0x07, 0xac,
+		},
+		system.New(1000000).
+			Ensure("/tmp/fortify.1971", 0711).
+			Ephemeral(system.Process, "/tmp/fortify.1971/4a450b6596d7bc15bd01780eb9a607ac", 0711).
+			Ensure("/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir", acl.Execute).
+			Ensure("/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir/0", 01700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir/0", acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute).
+			Ensure("/run/user/1971/fortify", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/run/user/1971/fortify", acl.Execute).
+			Ensure("/run/user/1971", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/run/user/1971", acl.Execute). // this is ordered as is because the previous Ensure only calls mkdir if XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is unset
+			Ephemeral(system.Process, "/run/user/1971/fortify/4a450b6596d7bc15bd01780eb9a607ac", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.Process, "/run/user/1971/fortify/4a450b6596d7bc15bd01780eb9a607ac", acl.Execute).
+			WriteType(system.Process, "/tmp/fortify.1971/4a450b6596d7bc15bd01780eb9a607ac/passwd", "chronos:x:65534:65534:Fortify:/home/chronos:/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh\n").
+			WriteType(system.Process, "/tmp/fortify.1971/4a450b6596d7bc15bd01780eb9a607ac/group", "fortify:x:65534:\n"),
+		(&bwrap.Config{
+			Net:      true,
+			UserNS:   true,
+			Clearenv: true,
+			Chdir:    "/home/chronos",
+			SetEnv: map[string]string{
+				"HOME":              "/home/chronos",
+				"SHELL":             "/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh",
+				"TERM":              "xterm-256color",
+				"USER":              "chronos",
+				"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR":   "/run/user/65534",
+				"XDG_SESSION_CLASS": "user",
+				"XDG_SESSION_TYPE":  "tty"},
+			Chmod:         make(bwrap.ChmodConfig),
+			DieWithParent: true,
+			AsInit:        true,
+		}).SetUID(65534).SetGID(65534).
+			Procfs("/proc").
+			Tmpfs("/fortify", 4096).
+			DevTmpfs("/dev").Mqueue("/dev/mqueue").
+			Bind("/bin", "/bin", false, true).
+			Bind("/boot", "/boot", false, true).
+			Bind("/home", "/home", false, true).
+			Bind("/lib", "/lib", false, true).
+			Bind("/lib64", "/lib64", false, true).
+			Bind("/nix", "/nix", false, true).
+			Bind("/root", "/root", false, true).
+			Bind("/srv", "/srv", false, true).
+			Bind("/sys", "/sys", false, true).
+			Bind("/usr", "/usr", false, true).
+			Bind("/var", "/var", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/agetty.reload", "/run/agetty.reload", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/binfmt", "/run/binfmt", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/booted-system", "/run/booted-system", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/credentials", "/run/credentials", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/cryptsetup", "/run/cryptsetup", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/current-system", "/run/current-system", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/host", "/run/host", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/keys", "/run/keys", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/libvirt", "/run/libvirt", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/libvirtd.pid", "/run/libvirtd.pid", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/lock", "/run/lock", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/log", "/run/log", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/lvm", "/run/lvm", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/mount", "/run/mount", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/NetworkManager", "/run/NetworkManager", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/nginx", "/run/nginx", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/nixos", "/run/nixos", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/nscd", "/run/nscd", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/opengl-driver", "/run/opengl-driver", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/pppd", "/run/pppd", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/resolvconf", "/run/resolvconf", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/sddm", "/run/sddm", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/store", "/run/store", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/syncoid", "/run/syncoid", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/system", "/run/system", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/systemd", "/run/systemd", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/tmpfiles.d", "/run/tmpfiles.d", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/udev", "/run/udev", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/udisks2", "/run/udisks2", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/utmp", "/run/utmp", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/virtlogd.pid", "/run/virtlogd.pid", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/wrappers", "/run/wrappers", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/zed.pid", "/run/zed.pid", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/zed.state", "/run/zed.state", false, true).
+			Bind("/etc", "/fortify/etc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/alsa", "/etc/alsa").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/bashrc", "/etc/bashrc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/binfmt.d", "/etc/binfmt.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/dbus-1", "/etc/dbus-1").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/default", "/etc/default").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/ethertypes", "/etc/ethertypes").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/fonts", "/etc/fonts").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/fstab", "/etc/fstab").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/fuse.conf", "/etc/fuse.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/host.conf", "/etc/host.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/hostid", "/etc/hostid").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/hostname", "/etc/hostname").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/hostname.CHECKSUM", "/etc/hostname.CHECKSUM").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/hosts", "/etc/hosts").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/inputrc", "/etc/inputrc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/ipsec.d", "/etc/ipsec.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/issue", "/etc/issue").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/kbd", "/etc/kbd").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/libblockdev", "/etc/libblockdev").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/locale.conf", "/etc/locale.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/localtime", "/etc/localtime").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/login.defs", "/etc/login.defs").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/lsb-release", "/etc/lsb-release").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/lvm", "/etc/lvm").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/machine-id", "/etc/machine-id").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/man_db.conf", "/etc/man_db.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/modprobe.d", "/etc/modprobe.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/modules-load.d", "/etc/modules-load.d").
+			Symlink("/proc/mounts", "/etc/mtab").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/nanorc", "/etc/nanorc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/netgroup", "/etc/netgroup").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/NetworkManager", "/etc/NetworkManager").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/nix", "/etc/nix").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/nixos", "/etc/nixos").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/NIXOS", "/etc/NIXOS").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/nscd.conf", "/etc/nscd.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/nsswitch.conf", "/etc/nsswitch.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/opensnitchd", "/etc/opensnitchd").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/os-release", "/etc/os-release").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/pam", "/etc/pam").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/pam.d", "/etc/pam.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/pipewire", "/etc/pipewire").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/pki", "/etc/pki").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/polkit-1", "/etc/polkit-1").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/profile", "/etc/profile").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/protocols", "/etc/protocols").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/qemu", "/etc/qemu").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/resolv.conf", "/etc/resolv.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/resolvconf.conf", "/etc/resolvconf.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/rpc", "/etc/rpc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/samba", "/etc/samba").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/sddm.conf", "/etc/sddm.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/secureboot", "/etc/secureboot").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/services", "/etc/services").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/set-environment", "/etc/set-environment").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/shadow", "/etc/shadow").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/shells", "/etc/shells").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/ssh", "/etc/ssh").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/ssl", "/etc/ssl").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/static", "/etc/static").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/subgid", "/etc/subgid").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/subuid", "/etc/subuid").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/sudoers", "/etc/sudoers").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/sysctl.d", "/etc/sysctl.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/systemd", "/etc/systemd").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/terminfo", "/etc/terminfo").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/tmpfiles.d", "/etc/tmpfiles.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/udev", "/etc/udev").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/udisks2", "/etc/udisks2").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/UPower", "/etc/UPower").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/vconsole.conf", "/etc/vconsole.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/X11", "/etc/X11").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zfs", "/etc/zfs").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zinputrc", "/etc/zinputrc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zoneinfo", "/etc/zoneinfo").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zprofile", "/etc/zprofile").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zshenv", "/etc/zshenv").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zshrc", "/etc/zshrc").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir/0", "/tmp", false, true).
+			Tmpfs("/tmp/fortify.1971", 1048576).
+			Tmpfs("/run/user", 1048576).
+			Tmpfs("/run/user/65534", 8388608).
+			Bind("/home/chronos", "/home/chronos", false, true).
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/4a450b6596d7bc15bd01780eb9a607ac/passwd", "/etc/passwd").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/4a450b6596d7bc15bd01780eb9a607ac/group", "/etc/group").
+			Tmpfs("/var/run/nscd", 8192),
+	},
+	{
+		"nixos permissive defaults chromium", new(stubNixOS),
+		&fst.Config{
+			ID:      "org.chromium.Chromium",
+			Command: []string{"/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh", "-c", "exec chromium "},
+			Confinement: fst.ConfinementConfig{
+				AppID:    9,
+				Groups:   []string{"video"},
+				Username: "chronos",
+				Outer:    "/home/chronos",
+				SessionBus: &dbus.Config{
+					Talk: []string{
+						"org.freedesktop.Notifications",
+						"org.freedesktop.FileManager1",
+						"org.freedesktop.ScreenSaver",
+						"org.freedesktop.secrets",
+						"org.kde.kwalletd5",
+						"org.kde.kwalletd6",
+						"org.gnome.SessionManager",
+					},
+					Own: []string{
+						"org.chromium.Chromium.*",
+						"org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.org.chromium.Chromium.*",
+						"org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.chromium.*",
+					},
+					Call: map[string]string{
+						"org.freedesktop.portal.*": "*",
+					},
+					Broadcast: map[string]string{
+						"org.freedesktop.portal.*": "@/org/freedesktop/portal/*",
+					},
+					Filter: true,
+				},
+				SystemBus: &dbus.Config{
+					Talk: []string{
+						"org.bluez",
+						"org.freedesktop.Avahi",
+						"org.freedesktop.UPower",
+					},
+					Filter: true,
+				},
+				Enablements: system.EWayland.Mask() | system.EDBus.Mask() | system.EPulse.Mask(),
+			},
+		},
+		fst.ID{
+			0xeb, 0xf0, 0x83, 0xd1,
+			0xb1, 0x75, 0x91, 0x17,
+			0x82, 0xd4, 0x13, 0x36,
+			0x9b, 0x64, 0xce, 0x7c,
+		},
+		system.New(1000009).
+			Ensure("/tmp/fortify.1971", 0711).
+			Ephemeral(system.Process, "/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c", 0711).
+			Ensure("/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir", acl.Execute).
+			Ensure("/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir/9", 01700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir/9", acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute).
+			Ensure("/run/user/1971/fortify", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/run/user/1971/fortify", acl.Execute).
+			Ensure("/run/user/1971", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/run/user/1971", acl.Execute). // this is ordered as is because the previous Ensure only calls mkdir if XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is unset
+			Ephemeral(system.Process, "/run/user/1971/fortify/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.Process, "/run/user/1971/fortify/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c", acl.Execute).
+			WriteType(system.Process, "/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/passwd", "chronos:x:65534:65534:Fortify:/home/chronos:/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh\n").
+			WriteType(system.Process, "/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/group", "fortify:x:65534:\n").
+			Ensure("/tmp/fortify.1971/wayland", 0711).
+			Wayland("/tmp/fortify.1971/wayland/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c", "/run/user/1971/wayland-0", "org.chromium.Chromium", "ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c").
+			Link("/run/user/1971/pulse/native", "/run/user/1971/fortify/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/pulse").
+			CopyFile("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/pulse-cookie", "/home/ophestra/xdg/config/pulse/cookie").
+			MustProxyDBus("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/bus", &dbus.Config{
+				Talk: []string{
+					"org.freedesktop.Notifications",
+					"org.freedesktop.FileManager1",
+					"org.freedesktop.ScreenSaver",
+					"org.freedesktop.secrets",
+					"org.kde.kwalletd5",
+					"org.kde.kwalletd6",
+					"org.gnome.SessionManager",
+				},
+				Own: []string{
+					"org.chromium.Chromium.*",
+					"org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.org.chromium.Chromium.*",
+					"org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.chromium.*",
+				},
+				Call: map[string]string{
+					"org.freedesktop.portal.*": "*",
+				},
+				Broadcast: map[string]string{
+					"org.freedesktop.portal.*": "@/org/freedesktop/portal/*",
+				},
+				Filter: true,
+			}, "/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/system_bus_socket", &dbus.Config{
+				Talk: []string{
+					"org.bluez",
+					"org.freedesktop.Avahi",
+					"org.freedesktop.UPower",
+				},
+				Filter: true,
+			}).
+			UpdatePerm("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/bus", acl.Read, acl.Write).
+			UpdatePerm("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/system_bus_socket", acl.Read, acl.Write),
+		(&bwrap.Config{
+			Net:      true,
+			UserNS:   true,
+			Chdir:    "/home/chronos",
+			Clearenv: true,
+			SetEnv: map[string]string{
+				"DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS": "unix:path=/run/user/65534/bus",
+				"DBUS_SYSTEM_BUS_ADDRESS":  "unix:path=/run/dbus/system_bus_socket",
+				"HOME":                     "/home/chronos",
+				"PULSE_COOKIE":             "/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/pulse-cookie",
+				"PULSE_SERVER":             "unix:/run/user/65534/pulse/native",
+				"SHELL":                    "/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh",
+				"TERM":                     "xterm-256color",
+				"USER":                     "chronos",
+				"WAYLAND_DISPLAY":          "/run/user/65534/wayland-0",
+				"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR":          "/run/user/65534",
+				"XDG_SESSION_CLASS":        "user",
+				"XDG_SESSION_TYPE":         "tty",
+			},
+			Chmod:         make(bwrap.ChmodConfig),
+			DieWithParent: true,
+			AsInit:        true,
+		}).SetUID(65534).SetGID(65534).
+			Procfs("/proc").
+			Tmpfs("/fortify", 4096).
+			DevTmpfs("/dev").Mqueue("/dev/mqueue").
+			Bind("/bin", "/bin", false, true).
+			Bind("/boot", "/boot", false, true).
+			Bind("/home", "/home", false, true).
+			Bind("/lib", "/lib", false, true).
+			Bind("/lib64", "/lib64", false, true).
+			Bind("/nix", "/nix", false, true).
+			Bind("/root", "/root", false, true).
+			Bind("/srv", "/srv", false, true).
+			Bind("/sys", "/sys", false, true).
+			Bind("/usr", "/usr", false, true).
+			Bind("/var", "/var", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/agetty.reload", "/run/agetty.reload", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/binfmt", "/run/binfmt", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/booted-system", "/run/booted-system", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/credentials", "/run/credentials", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/cryptsetup", "/run/cryptsetup", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/current-system", "/run/current-system", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/host", "/run/host", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/keys", "/run/keys", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/libvirt", "/run/libvirt", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/libvirtd.pid", "/run/libvirtd.pid", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/lock", "/run/lock", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/log", "/run/log", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/lvm", "/run/lvm", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/mount", "/run/mount", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/NetworkManager", "/run/NetworkManager", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/nginx", "/run/nginx", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/nixos", "/run/nixos", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/nscd", "/run/nscd", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/opengl-driver", "/run/opengl-driver", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/pppd", "/run/pppd", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/resolvconf", "/run/resolvconf", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/sddm", "/run/sddm", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/store", "/run/store", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/syncoid", "/run/syncoid", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/system", "/run/system", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/systemd", "/run/systemd", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/tmpfiles.d", "/run/tmpfiles.d", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/udev", "/run/udev", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/udisks2", "/run/udisks2", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/utmp", "/run/utmp", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/virtlogd.pid", "/run/virtlogd.pid", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/wrappers", "/run/wrappers", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/zed.pid", "/run/zed.pid", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/zed.state", "/run/zed.state", false, true).
+			Bind("/dev/dri", "/dev/dri", true, true, true).
+			Bind("/etc", "/fortify/etc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/alsa", "/etc/alsa").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/bashrc", "/etc/bashrc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/binfmt.d", "/etc/binfmt.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/dbus-1", "/etc/dbus-1").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/default", "/etc/default").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/ethertypes", "/etc/ethertypes").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/fonts", "/etc/fonts").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/fstab", "/etc/fstab").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/fuse.conf", "/etc/fuse.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/host.conf", "/etc/host.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/hostid", "/etc/hostid").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/hostname", "/etc/hostname").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/hostname.CHECKSUM", "/etc/hostname.CHECKSUM").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/hosts", "/etc/hosts").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/inputrc", "/etc/inputrc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/ipsec.d", "/etc/ipsec.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/issue", "/etc/issue").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/kbd", "/etc/kbd").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/libblockdev", "/etc/libblockdev").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/locale.conf", "/etc/locale.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/localtime", "/etc/localtime").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/login.defs", "/etc/login.defs").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/lsb-release", "/etc/lsb-release").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/lvm", "/etc/lvm").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/machine-id", "/etc/machine-id").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/man_db.conf", "/etc/man_db.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/modprobe.d", "/etc/modprobe.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/modules-load.d", "/etc/modules-load.d").
+			Symlink("/proc/mounts", "/etc/mtab").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/nanorc", "/etc/nanorc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/netgroup", "/etc/netgroup").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/NetworkManager", "/etc/NetworkManager").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/nix", "/etc/nix").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/nixos", "/etc/nixos").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/NIXOS", "/etc/NIXOS").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/nscd.conf", "/etc/nscd.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/nsswitch.conf", "/etc/nsswitch.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/opensnitchd", "/etc/opensnitchd").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/os-release", "/etc/os-release").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/pam", "/etc/pam").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/pam.d", "/etc/pam.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/pipewire", "/etc/pipewire").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/pki", "/etc/pki").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/polkit-1", "/etc/polkit-1").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/profile", "/etc/profile").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/protocols", "/etc/protocols").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/qemu", "/etc/qemu").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/resolv.conf", "/etc/resolv.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/resolvconf.conf", "/etc/resolvconf.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/rpc", "/etc/rpc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/samba", "/etc/samba").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/sddm.conf", "/etc/sddm.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/secureboot", "/etc/secureboot").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/services", "/etc/services").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/set-environment", "/etc/set-environment").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/shadow", "/etc/shadow").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/shells", "/etc/shells").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/ssh", "/etc/ssh").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/ssl", "/etc/ssl").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/static", "/etc/static").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/subgid", "/etc/subgid").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/subuid", "/etc/subuid").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/sudoers", "/etc/sudoers").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/sysctl.d", "/etc/sysctl.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/systemd", "/etc/systemd").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/terminfo", "/etc/terminfo").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/tmpfiles.d", "/etc/tmpfiles.d").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/udev", "/etc/udev").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/udisks2", "/etc/udisks2").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/UPower", "/etc/UPower").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/vconsole.conf", "/etc/vconsole.conf").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/X11", "/etc/X11").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zfs", "/etc/zfs").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zinputrc", "/etc/zinputrc").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zoneinfo", "/etc/zoneinfo").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zprofile", "/etc/zprofile").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zshenv", "/etc/zshenv").
+			Symlink("/fortify/etc/zshrc", "/etc/zshrc").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir/9", "/tmp", false, true).
+			Tmpfs("/tmp/fortify.1971", 1048576).
+			Tmpfs("/run/user", 1048576).
+			Tmpfs("/run/user/65534", 8388608).
+			Bind("/home/chronos", "/home/chronos", false, true).
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/passwd", "/etc/passwd").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/group", "/etc/group").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/wayland/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c", "/run/user/65534/wayland-0").
+			Bind("/run/user/1971/fortify/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/pulse", "/run/user/65534/pulse/native").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/pulse-cookie", "/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/pulse-cookie").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/bus", "/run/user/65534/bus").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/system_bus_socket", "/run/dbus/system_bus_socket").
+			Tmpfs("/var/run/nscd", 8192),
+	},
+}

internal/app/app_stub_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+package app_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os/user"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/linux"
+)
+
+// fs methods are not implemented using a real FS
+// to help better understand filesystem access behaviour
+type stubNixOS struct {
+	lookPathErr map[string]error
+	usernameErr map[string]error
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) Geteuid() int {
+	return 1971
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) LookupEnv(key string) (string, bool) {
+	switch key {
+	case "SHELL":
+		return "/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh", true
+	case "TERM":
+		return "xterm-256color", true
+	case "WAYLAND_DISPLAY":
+		return "wayland-0", true
+	case "PULSE_COOKIE":
+		return "", false
+	case "HOME":
+		return "/home/ophestra", true
+	case "XDG_CONFIG_HOME":
+		return "/home/ophestra/xdg/config", true
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("attempted to access unexpected environment variable %q", key))
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) TempDir() string {
+	return "/tmp"
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) LookPath(file string) (string, error) {
+	if s.lookPathErr != nil {
+		if err, ok := s.lookPathErr[file]; ok {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch file {
+	case "sudo":
+		return "/run/wrappers/bin/sudo", nil
+	case "machinectl":
+		return "/home/ophestra/.nix-profile/bin/machinectl", nil
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("attempted to look up unexpected executable %q", file))
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) Executable() (string, error) {
+	return "/home/ophestra/.nix-profile/bin/fortify", nil
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) LookupGroup(name string) (*user.Group, error) {
+	switch name {
+	case "video":
+		return &user.Group{Gid: "26", Name: "video"}, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, user.UnknownGroupError(name)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) ReadDir(name string) ([]fs.DirEntry, error) {
+	switch name {
+	case "/":
+		return stubDirEntries("bin", "boot", "dev", "etc", "home", "lib",
+			"lib64", "nix", "proc", "root", "run", "srv", "sys", "tmp", "usr", "var")
+	case "/run":
+		return stubDirEntries("agetty.reload", "binfmt", "booted-system",
+			"credentials", "cryptsetup", "current-system", "dbus", "host", "keys",
+			"libvirt", "libvirtd.pid", "lock", "log", "lvm", "mount", "NetworkManager",
+			"nginx", "nixos", "nscd", "opengl-driver", "pppd", "resolvconf", "sddm",
+			"store", "syncoid", "system", "systemd", "tmpfiles.d", "udev", "udisks2",
+			"user", "utmp", "virtlogd.pid", "wrappers", "zed.pid", "zed.state")
+	case "/etc":
+		return stubDirEntries("alsa", "bashrc", "binfmt.d", "dbus-1", "default",
+			"ethertypes", "fonts", "fstab", "fuse.conf", "group", "host.conf", "hostid",
+			"hostname", "hostname.CHECKSUM", "hosts", "inputrc", "ipsec.d", "issue", "kbd",
+			"libblockdev", "locale.conf", "localtime", "login.defs", "lsb-release", "lvm",
+			"machine-id", "man_db.conf", "modprobe.d", "modules-load.d", "mtab", "nanorc",
+			"netgroup", "NetworkManager", "nix", "nixos", "NIXOS", "nscd.conf", "nsswitch.conf",
+			"opensnitchd", "os-release", "pam", "pam.d", "passwd", "pipewire", "pki", "polkit-1",
+			"profile", "protocols", "qemu", "resolv.conf", "resolvconf.conf", "rpc", "samba",
+			"sddm.conf", "secureboot", "services", "set-environment", "shadow", "shells", "ssh",
+			"ssl", "static", "subgid", "subuid", "sudoers", "sysctl.d", "systemd", "terminfo",
+			"tmpfiles.d", "udev", "udisks2", "UPower", "vconsole.conf", "X11", "zfs", "zinputrc",
+			"zoneinfo", "zprofile", "zshenv", "zshrc")
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("attempted to read unexpected directory %q", name))
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) Stat(name string) (fs.FileInfo, error) {
+	switch name {
+	case "/var/run/nscd":
+		return nil, nil
+	case "/run/user/1971/pulse":
+		return nil, nil
+	case "/run/user/1971/pulse/native":
+		return stubFileInfoMode(0666), nil
+	case "/home/ophestra/.pulse-cookie":
+		return stubFileInfoIsDir(true), nil
+	case "/home/ophestra/xdg/config/pulse/cookie":
+		return stubFileInfoIsDir(false), nil
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("attempted to stat unexpected path %q", name))
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) Open(name string) (fs.File, error) {
+	switch name {
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("attempted to open unexpected file %q", name))
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) Exit(code int) {
+	panic("called exit on stub with code " + strconv.Itoa(code))
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) Stdout() io.Writer {
+	panic("requested stdout")
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) Paths() linux.Paths {
+	return linux.Paths{
+		SharePath:   "/tmp/fortify.1971",
+		RuntimePath: "/run/user/1971",
+		RunDirPath:  "/run/user/1971/fortify",
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) Uid(aid int) (int, error) {
+	return 1000000 + 0*10000 + aid, nil
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) SdBooted() bool {
+	return true
+}

internal/app/app_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+package app_test
+
+import (
+	"io/fs"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/fst"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/app"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/linux"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/system"
+)
+
+type sealTestCase struct {
+	name      string
+	os        linux.System
+	config    *fst.Config
+	id        fst.ID
+	wantSys   *system.I
+	wantBwrap *bwrap.Config
+}
+
+func TestApp(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := append(testCasesPd, testCasesNixos...)
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			a := app.NewWithID(tc.id, tc.os)
+
+			if !t.Run("seal", func(t *testing.T) {
+				if err := a.Seal(tc.config); err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Seal: error = %v", err)
+				}
+			}) {
+				return
+			}
+
+			gotSys, gotBwrap := app.AppSystemBwrap(a)
+
+			t.Run("compare sys", func(t *testing.T) {
+				if !gotSys.Equal(tc.wantSys) {
+					t.Errorf("Seal: sys = %#v, want %#v",
+						gotSys, tc.wantSys)
+				}
+			})
+
+			t.Run("compare bwrap", func(t *testing.T) {
+				if !reflect.DeepEqual(gotBwrap, tc.wantBwrap) {
+					t.Errorf("seal: bwrap = %#v, want %#v",
+						gotBwrap, tc.wantBwrap)
+				}
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func stubDirEntries(names ...string) (e []fs.DirEntry, err error) {
+	e = make([]fs.DirEntry, len(names))
+	for i, name := range names {
+		e[i] = stubDirEntryPath(name)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+type stubDirEntryPath string
+
+func (p stubDirEntryPath) Name() string {
+	return string(p)
+}
+
+func (p stubDirEntryPath) IsDir() bool {
+	panic("attempted to call IsDir")
+}
+
+func (p stubDirEntryPath) Type() fs.FileMode {
+	panic("attempted to call Type")
+}
+
+func (p stubDirEntryPath) Info() (fs.FileInfo, error) {
+	panic("attempted to call Info")
+}
+
+type stubFileInfoMode fs.FileMode
+
+func (s stubFileInfoMode) Name() string {
+	panic("attempted to call Name")
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoMode) Size() int64 {
+	panic("attempted to call Size")
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoMode) Mode() fs.FileMode {
+	return fs.FileMode(s)
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoMode) ModTime() time.Time {
+	panic("attempted to call ModTime")
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoMode) IsDir() bool {
+	panic("attempted to call IsDir")
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoMode) Sys() any {
+	panic("attempted to call Sys")
+}
+
+type stubFileInfoIsDir bool
+
+func (s stubFileInfoIsDir) Name() string {
+	panic("attempted to call Name")
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoIsDir) Size() int64 {
+	panic("attempted to call Size")
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoIsDir) Mode() fs.FileMode {
+	panic("attempted to call Mode")
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoIsDir) ModTime() time.Time {
+	panic("attempted to call ModTime")
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoIsDir) IsDir() bool {
+	return bool(s)
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoIsDir) Sys() any {
+	panic("attempted to call Sys")
+}

internal/app/copy.go

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-package app
-
-import (
-	"io"
-	"os"
-)
-
-func copyFile(dst, src string) error {
-	srcD, err := os.Open(src)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if srcD.Close() != nil {
-			// unreachable
-			panic("src file closed prematurely")
-		}
-	}()
-
-	dstD, err := os.OpenFile(dst, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0600)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if dstD.Close() != nil {
-			// unreachable
-			panic("dst file closed prematurely")
-		}
-	}()
-
-	_, err = io.Copy(dstD, srcD)
-	return err
-}

internal/app/export_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package app
+
+import (
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/fst"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/linux"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/system"
+)
+
+func NewWithID(id fst.ID, os linux.System) App {
+	a := new(app)
+	a.id = &id
+	a.os = os
+	return a
+}
+
+func AppSystemBwrap(a App) (*system.I, *bwrap.Config) {
+	v := a.(*app)
+	return v.seal.sys.I, v.seal.sys.bwrap
+}

internal/app/id.go

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-package app
-
-import (
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"encoding/hex"
-)
-
-type appID [16]byte
-
-func (a *appID) String() string {
-	return hex.EncodeToString(a[:])
-}
-
-func newAppID() (*appID, error) {
-	a := &appID{}
-	_, err := rand.Read(a[:])
-	return a, err
-}

internal/app/launch.machinectl.go

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-package app
-
-import (
-	"os/exec"
-	"strings"
-
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/state"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
-)
-
-func (a *app) commandBuilderMachineCtl(shimEnv string) (args []string) {
-	args = make([]string, 0, 9+len(a.seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv))
-
-	// shell --uid=$USER
-	args = append(args, "shell", "--uid="+a.seal.sys.Username)
-
-	// --quiet
-	if !verbose.Get() {
-		args = append(args, "--quiet")
-	}
-
-	// environ
-	envQ := make([]string, 0, len(a.seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv)+1)
-	for k, v := range a.seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv {
-		envQ = append(envQ, "-E"+k+"="+v)
-	}
-	// add shim payload to environment for shim path
-	envQ = append(envQ, "-E"+shimEnv)
-	args = append(args, envQ...)
-
-	// -- .host
-	args = append(args, "--", ".host")
-
-	// /bin/sh -c
-	if sh, err := exec.LookPath("sh"); err != nil {
-		// hardcode /bin/sh path since it exists more often than not
-		args = append(args, "/bin/sh", "-c")
-	} else {
-		args = append(args, sh, "-c")
-	}
-
-	// build inner command expression ran as target user
-	innerCommand := strings.Builder{}
-
-	// apply custom environment variables to activation environment
-	innerCommand.WriteString("dbus-update-activation-environment --systemd")
-	for k := range a.seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv {
-		innerCommand.WriteString(" " + k)
-	}
-	innerCommand.WriteString("; ")
-
-	// override message bus address if enabled
-	if a.seal.et.Has(state.EnableDBus) {
-		innerCommand.WriteString(dbusSessionBusAddress + "=" + "'" + "unix:path=" + a.seal.sys.dbusAddr[0][1] + "' ")
-		if a.seal.sys.dbusSystem {
-			innerCommand.WriteString(dbusSystemBusAddress + "=" + "'" + "unix:path=" + a.seal.sys.dbusAddr[1][1] + "' ")
-		}
-	}
-
-	// launch fortify as shim
-	innerCommand.WriteString("exec " + a.seal.sys.executable + " shim")
-
-	// append inner command
-	args = append(args, innerCommand.String())
-
-	return
-}

internal/app/launch.sudo.go

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-package app
-
-import (
-	"os"
-
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
-)
-
-const (
-	sudoAskPass = "SUDO_ASKPASS"
-)
-
-func (a *app) commandBuilderSudo(shimEnv string) (args []string) {
-	args = make([]string, 0, 8)
-
-	// -Hiu $USER
-	args = append(args, "-Hiu", a.seal.sys.Username)
-
-	// -A?
-	if _, ok := os.LookupEnv(sudoAskPass); ok {
-		verbose.Printf("%s set, adding askpass flag\n", sudoAskPass)
-		args = append(args, "-A")
-	}
-
-	// shim payload
-	args = append(args, shimEnv)
-
-	// -- $@
-	args = append(args, "--", a.seal.sys.executable, "shim")
-
-	return
-}

internal/app/seal.go

@@ -2,42 +2,65 @@ package app
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"os"
+	"fmt"
-	"os/exec"
+	"io/fs"
-	"os/user"
 	"path"
+	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/dbus"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/fst"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/state"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/linux"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/state"
-)
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/system"
-
-const (
-	LaunchMethodSudo uint8 = iota
-	LaunchMethodMachineCtl
 )
 
 var (
 	ErrConfig = errors.New("no configuration to seal")
-	ErrUser   = errors.New("unknown user")
+	ErrUser   = errors.New("invalid aid")
-	ErrLaunch = errors.New("invalid launch method")
+	ErrHome   = errors.New("invalid home directory")
-
+	ErrName   = errors.New("invalid username")
-	ErrSudo       = errors.New("sudo not available")
-	ErrSystemd    = errors.New("systemd not available")
-	ErrMachineCtl = errors.New("machinectl not available")
 )
 
-type (
+var posixUsername = regexp.MustCompilePOSIX("^[a-z_]([A-Za-z0-9_-]{0,31}|[A-Za-z0-9_-]{0,30}\\$)$")
-	SealConfigError     BaseError
+
-	LauncherLookupError BaseError
+// appSeal seals the application with child-related information
-	SecurityError       BaseError
+type appSeal struct {
-)
+	// app unique ID string representation
+	id string
+	// dbus proxy message buffer retriever
+	dbusMsg func(f func(msgbuf []string))
+
+	// freedesktop application ID
+	fid string
+	// argv to start process with in the final confined environment
+	command []string
+	// persistent process state store
+	store state.Store
+
+	// process-specific share directory path
+	share string
+	// process-specific share directory path local to XDG_RUNTIME_DIR
+	shareLocal string
+
+	// pass-through enablement tracking from config
+	et system.Enablements
+	// wayland socket direct access
+	directWayland bool
+
+	// prevents sharing from happening twice
+	shared bool
+	// seal system-level component
+	sys *appSealSys
+
+	linux.Paths
+
+	// protected by upstream mutex
+}
 
 // Seal seals the app launch context
-func (a *app) Seal(config *Config) error {
+func (a *app) Seal(config *fst.Config) error {
 	a.lock.Lock()
 	defer a.lock.Unlock()
 
@@ -46,108 +69,117 @@ func (a *app) Seal(config *Config) error {
 	}
 
 	if config == nil {
-		return (*SealConfigError)(wrapError(ErrConfig, "attempted to seal app with nil config"))
+		return fmsg.WrapError(ErrConfig,
+			"attempted to seal app with nil config")
 	}
 
 	// create seal
 	seal := new(appSeal)
 
-	// generate application ID
-	if id, err := newAppID(); err != nil {
-		return (*SecurityError)(wrapError(err, "cannot generate application ID:", err))
-	} else {
-		seal.id = id
-	}
-
 	// fetch system constants
-	seal.SystemConstants = internal.GetSC()
+	seal.Paths = a.os.Paths()
 
 	// pass through config values
+	seal.id = a.id.String()
 	seal.fid = config.ID
 	seal.command = config.Command
 
-	// parses launch method text and looks up tool path
-	switch config.Method {
-	case "sudo":
-		seal.launchOption = LaunchMethodSudo
-		if sudoPath, err := exec.LookPath("sudo"); err != nil {
-			return (*LauncherLookupError)(wrapError(ErrSudo, "sudo not found"))
-		} else {
-			seal.toolPath = sudoPath
-		}
-	case "systemd":
-		seal.launchOption = LaunchMethodMachineCtl
-		if !internal.SdBootedV {
-			return (*LauncherLookupError)(wrapError(ErrSystemd,
-				"system has not been booted with systemd as init system"))
-		}
-
-		if machineCtlPath, err := exec.LookPath("machinectl"); err != nil {
-			return (*LauncherLookupError)(wrapError(ErrMachineCtl, "machinectl not found"))
-		} else {
-			seal.toolPath = machineCtlPath
-		}
-	default:
-		return (*SealConfigError)(wrapError(ErrLaunch, "invalid launch method"))
-	}
-
 	// create seal system component
-	seal.sys = new(appSealTx)
+	seal.sys = new(appSealSys)
 
-	// look up fortify executable path
+	// mapped uid
-	if p, err := os.Executable(); err != nil {
+	if config.Confinement.Sandbox != nil && config.Confinement.Sandbox.MapRealUID {
-		return (*LauncherLookupError)(wrapError(err, "cannot look up fortify executable path:", err))
+		seal.sys.mappedID = a.os.Geteuid()
 	} else {
-		seal.sys.executable = p
+		seal.sys.mappedID = 65534
+	}
+	seal.sys.mappedIDString = strconv.Itoa(seal.sys.mappedID)
+	seal.sys.runtime = path.Join("/run/user", seal.sys.mappedIDString)
+
+	// validate uid and set user info
+	if config.Confinement.AppID < 0 || config.Confinement.AppID > 9999 {
+		return fmsg.WrapError(ErrUser,
+			fmt.Sprintf("aid %d out of range", config.Confinement.AppID))
+	} else {
+		seal.sys.user = appUser{
+			aid:      config.Confinement.AppID,
+			as:       strconv.Itoa(config.Confinement.AppID),
+			data:     config.Confinement.Outer,
+			home:     config.Confinement.Inner,
+			username: config.Confinement.Username,
+		}
+		if seal.sys.user.username == "" {
+			seal.sys.user.username = "chronos"
+		} else if !posixUsername.MatchString(seal.sys.user.username) {
+			return fmsg.WrapError(ErrName,
+				fmt.Sprintf("invalid user name %q", seal.sys.user.username))
+		}
+		if seal.sys.user.data == "" || !path.IsAbs(seal.sys.user.data) {
+			return fmsg.WrapError(ErrHome,
+				fmt.Sprintf("invalid home directory %q", seal.sys.user.data))
+		}
+		if seal.sys.user.home == "" {
+			seal.sys.user.home = seal.sys.user.data
 		}
 
-	// look up user from system
+		// invoke fsu for full uid
-	if u, err := user.Lookup(config.User); err != nil {
+		if u, err := a.os.Uid(seal.sys.user.aid); err != nil {
-		if errors.As(err, new(user.UnknownUserError)) {
+			return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
-			return (*SealConfigError)(wrapError(ErrUser, "unknown user", config.User))
+				"cannot obtain uid from fsu:")
 		} else {
-			// unreachable
+			seal.sys.user.uid = u
-			panic(err)
+			seal.sys.user.us = strconv.Itoa(u)
 		}
+
+		// resolve supplementary group ids from names
+		seal.sys.user.supp = make([]string, len(config.Confinement.Groups))
+		for i, name := range config.Confinement.Groups {
+			if g, err := a.os.LookupGroup(name); err != nil {
+				return fmsg.WrapError(err,
+					fmt.Sprintf("unknown group %q", name))
 			} else {
-		seal.sys.User = u
+				seal.sys.user.supp[i] = g.Gid
-		seal.sys.runtime = path.Join("/run/user", u.Uid)
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	// map sandbox config to bwrap
 	if config.Confinement.Sandbox == nil {
-		verbose.Println("sandbox configuration not supplied, PROCEED WITH CAUTION")
+		fmsg.VPrintln("sandbox configuration not supplied, PROCEED WITH CAUTION")
 
 		// permissive defaults
-		conf := &SandboxConfig{
+		conf := &fst.SandboxConfig{
 			UserNS:       true,
 			Net:          true,
 			NoNewSession: true,
+			AutoEtc:      true,
 		}
 		// bind entries in /
-		if d, err := os.ReadDir("/"); err != nil {
+		if d, err := a.os.ReadDir("/"); err != nil {
 			return err
 		} else {
-			b := make([]*FilesystemConfig, 0, len(d))
+			b := make([]*fst.FilesystemConfig, 0, len(d))
 			for _, ent := range d {
-				name := ent.Name()
+				p := "/" + ent.Name()
-				switch name {
+				switch p {
-				case "proc":
+				case "/proc":
-				case "dev":
+				case "/dev":
-				case "run":
+				case "/run":
-				case "mnt":
+				case "/tmp":
+				case "/mnt":
+				case "/etc":
+
 				default:
-					p := "/" + name
+					b = append(b, &fst.FilesystemConfig{Src: p, Write: true, Must: true})
-					b = append(b, &FilesystemConfig{Src: p, Write: true, Must: true})
 				}
 			}
 			conf.Filesystem = append(conf.Filesystem, b...)
 		}
 		// bind entries in /run
-		if d, err := os.ReadDir("/run"); err != nil {
+		if d, err := a.os.ReadDir("/run"); err != nil {
 			return err
 		} else {
-			b := make([]*FilesystemConfig, 0, len(d))
+			b := make([]*fst.FilesystemConfig, 0, len(d))
 			for _, ent := range d {
 				name := ent.Name()
 				switch name {
@@ -155,62 +187,56 @@ func (a *app) Seal(config *Config) error {
 				case "dbus":
 				default:
 					p := "/run/" + name
-					b = append(b, &FilesystemConfig{Src: p, Write: true, Must: true})
+					b = append(b, &fst.FilesystemConfig{Src: p, Write: true, Must: true})
 				}
 			}
 			conf.Filesystem = append(conf.Filesystem, b...)
 		}
 		// hide nscd from sandbox if present
 		nscd := "/var/run/nscd"
-		if _, err := os.Stat(nscd); !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		if _, err := a.os.Stat(nscd); !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-			conf.Tmpfs = append(conf.Tmpfs, bwrap.TmpfsConfig{Size: 8 * 1024, Dir: nscd})
+			conf.Override = append(conf.Override, nscd)
 		}
 		// bind GPU stuff
-		if config.Confinement.Enablements.Has(state.EnableX) || config.Confinement.Enablements.Has(state.EnableWayland) {
+		if config.Confinement.Enablements.Has(system.EX11) || config.Confinement.Enablements.Has(system.EWayland) {
-			conf.Filesystem = append(conf.Filesystem, &FilesystemConfig{Src: "/dev/dri", Device: true})
+			conf.Filesystem = append(conf.Filesystem, &fst.FilesystemConfig{Src: "/dev/dri", Device: true})
-		}
-		config.Confinement.Sandbox = conf
-	}
-	seal.sys.bwrap = config.Confinement.Sandbox.Bwrap()
-	if seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv == nil {
-		seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv = make(map[string]string)
 		}
 
-	// create wayland client wait channel if mediated wayland is enabled
+		config.Confinement.Sandbox = conf
-	// this channel being set enables mediated wayland setup later on
+	}
-	if config.Confinement.Sandbox.Wayland {
+	seal.directWayland = config.Confinement.Sandbox.DirectWayland
-		seal.wlDone = make(chan struct{})
+	if b, err := config.Confinement.Sandbox.Bwrap(a.os); err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else {
+		seal.sys.bwrap = b
+	}
+	seal.sys.override = config.Confinement.Sandbox.Override
+	if seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv == nil {
+		seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv = make(map[string]string)
 	}
 
 	// open process state store
 	// the simple store only starts holding an open file after first action
 	// store activity begins after Start is called and must end before Wait
-	seal.store = state.NewSimple(seal.SystemConstants.RunDirPath, seal.sys.Uid)
+	seal.store = state.NewMulti(seal.RunDirPath)
 
-	// parse string UID
+	// initialise system interface with full uid
-	if u, err := strconv.Atoi(seal.sys.Uid); err != nil {
+	seal.sys.I = system.New(seal.sys.user.uid)
-		// unreachable unless kernel bug
-		panic("uid parse")
-	} else {
-		seal.sys.uid = u
-	}
 
 	// pass through enablements
 	seal.et = config.Confinement.Enablements
 
 	// this method calls all share methods in sequence
-	if err := seal.shareAll([2]*dbus.Config{config.Confinement.SessionBus, config.Confinement.SystemBus}); err != nil {
+	if err := seal.shareAll([2]*dbus.Config{config.Confinement.SessionBus, config.Confinement.SystemBus}, a.os); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
 	// verbose log seal information
-	verbose.Println("created application seal as user",
+	fmsg.VPrintf("created application seal for uid %s (%s) groups: %v, command: %s",
-		seal.sys.Username, "("+seal.sys.Uid+"),",
+		seal.sys.user.us, seal.sys.user.username, config.Confinement.Groups, config.Command)
-		"method:", config.Method+",",
-		"launcher:", seal.toolPath+",",
-		"command:", config.Command)
 
 	// seal app and release lock
 	a.seal = seal
+	a.ct = newAppCt(config)
 	return nil
 }

internal/app/share.dbus.go

@@ -1,15 +1,11 @@
 package app
 
 import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	"path"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/acl"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/acl"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/dbus"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/state"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/system"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -17,122 +13,32 @@ const (
 	dbusSystemBusAddress  = "DBUS_SYSTEM_BUS_ADDRESS"
 )
 
-var (
-	ErrDBusConfig = errors.New("dbus config not supplied")
-)
-
-type (
-	SealDBusError   BaseError
-	LookupDBusError BaseError
-	StartDBusError  BaseError
-	CloseDBusError  BaseError
-)
-
 func (seal *appSeal) shareDBus(config [2]*dbus.Config) error {
-	if !seal.et.Has(state.EnableDBus) {
+	if !seal.et.Has(system.EDBus) {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// session bus is mandatory
-	if config[0] == nil {
-		return (*SealDBusError)(wrapError(ErrDBusConfig, "attempted to seal session bus proxy with nil config"))
-	}
-
-	// system bus is optional
-	seal.sys.dbusSystem = config[1] != nil
-
-	// upstream address, downstream socket path
-	var sessionBus, systemBus [2]string
-
 	// downstream socket paths
-	sessionBus[1] = path.Join(seal.share, "bus")
+	sessionPath, systemPath := path.Join(seal.share, "bus"), path.Join(seal.share, "system_bus_socket")
-	systemBus[1] = path.Join(seal.share, "system_bus_socket")
 
-	// resolve upstream bus addresses
+	// configure dbus proxy
-	sessionBus[0], systemBus[0] = dbus.Address()
+	if f, err := seal.sys.ProxyDBus(config[0], config[1], sessionPath, systemPath); err != nil {
-
+		return err
-	// create proxy instance
+	} else {
-	seal.sys.dbus = dbus.New(sessionBus, systemBus)
+		seal.dbusMsg = f
-
-	// seal dbus proxy
-	if err := seal.sys.dbus.Seal(config[0], config[1]); err != nil {
-		return (*SealDBusError)(wrapError(err, "cannot seal message bus proxy:", err))
 	}
 
-	// store addresses for cleanup and logging
-	seal.sys.dbusAddr = &[2][2]string{sessionBus, systemBus}
-
 	// share proxy sockets
 	sessionInner := path.Join(seal.sys.runtime, "bus")
-	seal.sys.setEnv(dbusSessionBusAddress, "unix:path="+sessionInner)
+	seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv[dbusSessionBusAddress] = "unix:path=" + sessionInner
-	seal.sys.bind(sessionBus[1], sessionInner, true)
+	seal.sys.bwrap.Bind(sessionPath, sessionInner)
-	seal.sys.updatePerm(sessionBus[1], acl.Read, acl.Write)
+	seal.sys.UpdatePerm(sessionPath, acl.Read, acl.Write)
-	if seal.sys.dbusSystem {
+	if config[1] != nil {
 		systemInner := "/run/dbus/system_bus_socket"
-		seal.sys.setEnv(dbusSystemBusAddress, "unix:path="+systemInner)
+		seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv[dbusSystemBusAddress] = "unix:path=" + systemInner
-		seal.sys.bind(systemBus[1], systemInner, true)
+		seal.sys.bwrap.Bind(systemPath, systemInner)
-		seal.sys.updatePerm(systemBus[1], acl.Read, acl.Write)
+		seal.sys.UpdatePerm(systemPath, acl.Read, acl.Write)
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
-
-func (tx *appSealTx) startDBus() error {
-	// ready channel passed to dbus package
-	ready := make(chan error, 1)
-	// used by waiting goroutine to notify process return
-	tx.dbusWait = make(chan struct{})
-
-	// background dbus proxy start
-	if err := tx.dbus.Start(ready, os.Stderr, true); err != nil {
-		return (*StartDBusError)(wrapError(err, "cannot start message bus proxy:", err))
-	}
-	verbose.Println("starting message bus proxy:", tx.dbus)
-	verbose.Println("message bus proxy bwrap args:", tx.dbus.Bwrap())
-
-	// background wait for proxy instance and notify completion
-	go func() {
-		if err := tx.dbus.Wait(); err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("fortify: warn: message bus proxy returned error:", err)
-			go func() { ready <- err }()
-		} else {
-			verbose.Println("message bus proxy exit")
-		}
-
-		// ensure socket removal so ephemeral directory is empty at revert
-		if err := os.Remove(tx.dbusAddr[0][1]); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			fmt.Println("fortify: cannot remove dangling session bus socket:", err)
-		}
-		if tx.dbusSystem {
-			if err := os.Remove(tx.dbusAddr[1][1]); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-				fmt.Println("fortify: cannot remove dangling system bus socket:", err)
-			}
-		}
-
-		// notify proxy completion
-		tx.dbusWait <- struct{}{}
-	}()
-
-	// ready is not nil if the proxy process faulted
-	if err := <-ready; err != nil {
-		// note that err here is either an I/O related error or a predetermined unexpected behaviour error
-		return (*StartDBusError)(wrapError(err, "message bus proxy fault after start:", err))
-	}
-	verbose.Println("message bus proxy ready")
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (tx *appSealTx) stopDBus() error {
-	if err := tx.dbus.Close(); err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) {
-			return (*CloseDBusError)(wrapError(err, "message bus proxy already closed"))
-		} else {
-			return (*CloseDBusError)(wrapError(err, "cannot close message bus proxy:", err))
-		}
-	}
-
-	// block until proxy wait returns
-	<-tx.dbusWait
-	return nil
-}

internal/app/share.display.go

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ package app
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"os"
 	"path"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/acl"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/acl"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/state"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/linux"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/system"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -22,44 +23,57 @@ var (
 	ErrXDisplay = errors.New(display + " unset")
 )
 
-type ErrDisplayEnv BaseError
+func (seal *appSeal) shareDisplay(os linux.System) error {
-
-func (seal *appSeal) shareDisplay() error {
 	// pass $TERM to launcher
 	if t, ok := os.LookupEnv(term); ok {
-		seal.sys.setEnv(term, t)
+		seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv[term] = t
 	}
 
 	// set up wayland
-	if seal.et.Has(state.EnableWayland) {
+	if seal.et.Has(system.EWayland) {
+		var wp string
 		if wd, ok := os.LookupEnv(waylandDisplay); !ok {
-			return (*ErrDisplayEnv)(wrapError(ErrWayland, "WAYLAND_DISPLAY is not set"))
+			return fmsg.WrapError(ErrWayland,
-		} else if seal.wlDone == nil {
+				"WAYLAND_DISPLAY is not set")
-			// hardlink wayland socket
+		} else {
-			wp := path.Join(seal.RuntimePath, wd)
+			wp = path.Join(seal.RuntimePath, wd)
-			wpi := path.Join(seal.shareLocal, "wayland")
+		}
+
 		w := path.Join(seal.sys.runtime, "wayland-0")
-			seal.sys.link(wp, wpi)
+		seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv[waylandDisplay] = w
-			seal.sys.setEnv(waylandDisplay, w)
+
-			seal.sys.bind(wpi, w, true)
+		if seal.directWayland {
+			// hardlink wayland socket
+			wpi := path.Join(seal.shareLocal, "wayland")
+			seal.sys.Link(wp, wpi)
+			seal.sys.bwrap.Bind(wpi, w)
 
 			// ensure Wayland socket ACL (e.g. `/run/user/%d/wayland-%d`)
-			seal.sys.updatePermTag(state.EnableWayland, wp, acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute)
+			seal.sys.UpdatePermType(system.EWayland, wp, acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute)
 		} else {
-			// set wayland socket path (e.g. `/run/user/%d/wayland-%d`)
+			wc := path.Join(seal.SharePath, "wayland")
-			seal.wl = path.Join(seal.RuntimePath, wd)
+			wt := path.Join(wc, seal.id)
+			seal.sys.Ensure(wc, 0711)
+			appID := seal.fid
+			if appID == "" {
+				// use instance ID in case app id is not set
+				appID = "moe.ophivana.fortify." + seal.id
+			}
+			seal.sys.Wayland(wt, wp, appID, seal.id)
+			seal.sys.bwrap.Bind(wt, w)
 		}
 	}
 
 	// set up X11
-	if seal.et.Has(state.EnableX) {
+	if seal.et.Has(system.EX11) {
 		// discover X11 and grant user permission via the `ChangeHosts` command
 		if d, ok := os.LookupEnv(display); !ok {
-			return (*ErrDisplayEnv)(wrapError(ErrXDisplay, "DISPLAY is not set"))
+			return fmsg.WrapError(ErrXDisplay,
+				"DISPLAY is not set")
 		} else {
-			seal.sys.changeHosts(seal.sys.Username)
+			seal.sys.ChangeHosts("#" + seal.sys.user.us)
-			seal.sys.setEnv(display, d)
+			seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv[display] = d
-			seal.sys.bind("/tmp/.X11-unix", "/tmp/.X11-unix", true)
+			seal.sys.bwrap.Bind("/tmp/.X11-unix", "/tmp/.X11-unix")
 		}
 	}
 

internal/app/share.pulse.go

@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/fs"
-	"os"
 	"path"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/state"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/linux"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/system"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -24,13 +25,8 @@ var (
 	ErrPulseMode   = errors.New("unexpected pulse socket mode")
 )
 
-type (
+func (seal *appSeal) sharePulse(os linux.System) error {
-	PulseCookieAccessError BaseError
+	if !seal.et.Has(system.EPulse) {
-	PulseSocketAccessError BaseError
-)
-
-func (seal *appSeal) sharePulse() error {
-	if !seal.et.Has(state.EnablePulse) {
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -39,49 +35,50 @@ func (seal *appSeal) sharePulse() error {
 	ps := path.Join(pd, "native")
 	if _, err := os.Stat(pd); err != nil {
 		if !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-			return (*PulseSocketAccessError)(wrapError(err,
+			return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
-				fmt.Sprintf("cannot access PulseAudio directory '%s':", pd), err))
+				fmt.Sprintf("cannot access PulseAudio directory %q:", pd))
 		}
-		return (*PulseSocketAccessError)(wrapError(ErrPulseSocket,
+		return fmsg.WrapError(ErrPulseSocket,
-			fmt.Sprintf("PulseAudio directory '%s' not found", pd)))
+			fmt.Sprintf("PulseAudio directory %q not found", pd))
 	}
 
 	// check PulseAudio socket permission (e.g. `/run/user/%d/pulse/native`)
 	if s, err := os.Stat(ps); err != nil {
 		if !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-			return (*PulseSocketAccessError)(wrapError(err,
+			return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
-				fmt.Sprintf("cannot access PulseAudio socket '%s':", ps), err))
+				fmt.Sprintf("cannot access PulseAudio socket %q:", ps))
 		}
-		return (*PulseSocketAccessError)(wrapError(ErrPulseSocket,
+		return fmsg.WrapError(ErrPulseSocket,
-			fmt.Sprintf("PulseAudio directory '%s' found but socket does not exist", pd)))
+			fmt.Sprintf("PulseAudio directory %q found but socket does not exist", pd))
 	} else {
 		if m := s.Mode(); m&0o006 != 0o006 {
-			return (*PulseSocketAccessError)(wrapError(ErrPulseMode,
+			return fmsg.WrapError(ErrPulseMode,
-				fmt.Sprintf("unexpected permissions on '%s':", ps), m))
+				fmt.Sprintf("unexpected permissions on %q:", ps), m)
 		}
 	}
 
 	// hard link pulse socket into target-executable share
 	psi := path.Join(seal.shareLocal, "pulse")
 	p := path.Join(seal.sys.runtime, "pulse", "native")
-	seal.sys.link(ps, psi)
+	seal.sys.Link(ps, psi)
-	seal.sys.bind(psi, p, true)
+	seal.sys.bwrap.Bind(psi, p)
-	seal.sys.setEnv(pulseServer, "unix:"+p)
+	seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv[pulseServer] = "unix:" + p
 
 	// publish current user's pulse cookie for target user
-	if src, err := discoverPulseCookie(); err != nil {
+	if src, err := discoverPulseCookie(os); err != nil {
 		return err
 	} else {
 		dst := path.Join(seal.share, "pulse-cookie")
-		seal.sys.setEnv(pulseCookie, dst)
+		seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv[pulseCookie] = dst
-		seal.sys.copyFile(dst, src)
+		seal.sys.CopyFile(dst, src)
+		seal.sys.bwrap.Bind(dst, dst)
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 // discoverPulseCookie attempts various standard methods to discover the current user's PulseAudio authentication cookie
-func discoverPulseCookie() (string, error) {
+func discoverPulseCookie(os linux.System) (string, error) {
 	if p, ok := os.LookupEnv(pulseCookie); ok {
 		return p, nil
 	}
@@ -91,8 +88,8 @@ func discoverPulseCookie() (string, error) {
 		p = path.Join(p, ".pulse-cookie")
 		if s, err := os.Stat(p); err != nil {
 			if !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-				return p, (*PulseCookieAccessError)(wrapError(err,
+				return p, fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
-					fmt.Sprintf("cannot access PulseAudio cookie '%s':", p), err))
+					fmt.Sprintf("cannot access PulseAudio cookie %q:", p))
 			}
 			// not found, try next method
 		} else if !s.IsDir() {
@@ -105,7 +102,8 @@ func discoverPulseCookie() (string, error) {
 		p = path.Join(p, "pulse", "cookie")
 		if s, err := os.Stat(p); err != nil {
 			if !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-				return p, (*PulseCookieAccessError)(wrapError(err, "cannot access PulseAudio cookie", p+":", err))
+				return p, fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
+					fmt.Sprintf("cannot access PulseAudio cookie %q:", p))
 			}
 			// not found, try next method
 		} else if !s.IsDir() {
@@ -113,7 +111,7 @@ func discoverPulseCookie() (string, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return "", (*PulseCookieAccessError)(wrapError(ErrPulseCookie,
+	return "", fmsg.WrapError(ErrPulseCookie,
 		fmt.Sprintf("cannot locate PulseAudio cookie (tried $%s, $%s/pulse/cookie, $%s/.pulse-cookie)",
-			pulseCookie, xdgConfigHome, home)))
+			pulseCookie, xdgConfigHome, home))
 }

internal/app/share.runtime.go

@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@ package app
 import (
 	"path"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/acl"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/acl"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/system"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/state"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -17,58 +16,24 @@ const (
 // shareRuntime queues actions for sharing/ensuring the runtime and share directories
 func (seal *appSeal) shareRuntime() {
 	// mount tmpfs on inner runtime (e.g. `/run/user/%d`)
-	seal.sys.bwrap.Tmpfs = append(seal.sys.bwrap.Tmpfs,
+	seal.sys.bwrap.Tmpfs("/run/user", 1*1024*1024)
-		bwrap.PermConfig[bwrap.TmpfsConfig]{
+	seal.sys.bwrap.Tmpfs(seal.sys.runtime, 8*1024*1024)
-			Path: bwrap.TmpfsConfig{
+
-				Size: 1 * 1024 * 1024,
+	// point to inner runtime path `/run/user/%d`
-				Dir:  "/run/user",
+	seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv[xdgRuntimeDir] = seal.sys.runtime
-			},
+	seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv[xdgSessionClass] = "user"
-		},
+	seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv[xdgSessionType] = "tty"
-		bwrap.PermConfig[bwrap.TmpfsConfig]{
-			Path: bwrap.TmpfsConfig{
-				Size: 8 * 1024 * 1024,
-				Dir:  seal.sys.runtime,
-			},
-		},
-	)
 
 	// ensure RunDir (e.g. `/run/user/%d/fortify`)
-	seal.sys.ensure(seal.RunDirPath, 0700)
+	seal.sys.Ensure(seal.RunDirPath, 0700)
-	seal.sys.updatePermTag(state.EnableLength, seal.RunDirPath, acl.Execute)
+	seal.sys.UpdatePermType(system.User, seal.RunDirPath, acl.Execute)
 
 	// ensure runtime directory ACL (e.g. `/run/user/%d`)
-	seal.sys.updatePermTag(state.EnableLength, seal.RuntimePath, acl.Execute)
+	seal.sys.Ensure(seal.RuntimePath, 0700) // ensure this dir in case XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is unset
-
+	seal.sys.UpdatePermType(system.User, seal.RuntimePath, acl.Execute)
-	// ensure Share (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d`)
-	// acl is unnecessary as this directory is world executable
-	seal.sys.ensure(seal.SharePath, 0701)
-
-	// ensure process-specific share (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d/%s`)
-	// acl is unnecessary as this directory is world executable
-	seal.share = path.Join(seal.SharePath, seal.id.String())
-	seal.sys.ensureEphemeral(seal.share, 0701)
 
 	// ensure process-specific share local to XDG_RUNTIME_DIR (e.g. `/run/user/%d/fortify/%s`)
-	seal.shareLocal = path.Join(seal.RunDirPath, seal.id.String())
+	seal.shareLocal = path.Join(seal.RunDirPath, seal.id)
-	seal.sys.ensureEphemeral(seal.shareLocal, 0700)
+	seal.sys.Ephemeral(system.Process, seal.shareLocal, 0700)
-	seal.sys.updatePerm(seal.shareLocal, acl.Execute)
+	seal.sys.UpdatePerm(seal.shareLocal, acl.Execute)
-}
-
-func (seal *appSeal) shareRuntimeChild() string {
-	// ensure child runtime parent directory (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d/runtime`)
-	targetRuntimeParent := path.Join(seal.SharePath, "runtime")
-	seal.sys.ensure(targetRuntimeParent, 0700)
-	seal.sys.updatePermTag(state.EnableLength, targetRuntimeParent, acl.Execute)
-
-	// ensure child runtime directory (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d/runtime/%d`)
-	targetRuntime := path.Join(targetRuntimeParent, seal.sys.Uid)
-	seal.sys.ensure(targetRuntime, 0700)
-	seal.sys.updatePermTag(state.EnableLength, targetRuntime, acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute)
-
-	// point to ensured runtime path
-	seal.sys.setEnv(xdgRuntimeDir, targetRuntime)
-	seal.sys.setEnv(xdgSessionClass, "user")
-	seal.sys.setEnv(xdgSessionType, "tty")
-
-	return targetRuntime
 }

internal/app/share.system.go

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 package app
 
 import (
-	"os"
 	"path"
+
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/acl"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/linux"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/system"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -11,33 +14,64 @@ const (
 
 // shareSystem queues various system-related actions
 func (seal *appSeal) shareSystem() {
+	// ensure Share (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d`)
+	// acl is unnecessary as this directory is world executable
+	seal.sys.Ensure(seal.SharePath, 0711)
+
+	// ensure process-specific share (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d/%s`)
+	// acl is unnecessary as this directory is world executable
+	seal.share = path.Join(seal.SharePath, seal.id)
+	seal.sys.Ephemeral(system.Process, seal.share, 0711)
+
+	// ensure child tmpdir parent directory (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d/tmpdir`)
+	targetTmpdirParent := path.Join(seal.SharePath, "tmpdir")
+	seal.sys.Ensure(targetTmpdirParent, 0700)
+	seal.sys.UpdatePermType(system.User, targetTmpdirParent, acl.Execute)
+
+	// ensure child tmpdir (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d/tmpdir/%d`)
+	targetTmpdir := path.Join(targetTmpdirParent, seal.sys.user.as)
+	seal.sys.Ensure(targetTmpdir, 01700)
+	seal.sys.UpdatePermType(system.User, targetTmpdir, acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute)
+	seal.sys.bwrap.Bind(targetTmpdir, "/tmp", false, true)
+
+	// mount tmpfs on inner shared directory (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d`)
+	seal.sys.bwrap.Tmpfs(seal.SharePath, 1*1024*1024)
+}
+
+func (seal *appSeal) sharePasswd(os linux.System) {
 	// look up shell
 	sh := "/bin/sh"
 	if s, ok := os.LookupEnv(shell); ok {
-		seal.sys.setEnv(shell, s)
+		seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv[shell] = s
 		sh = s
 	}
 
 	// generate /etc/passwd
 	passwdPath := path.Join(seal.share, "passwd")
 	username := "chronos"
-	if seal.sys.Username != "" {
+	if seal.sys.user.username != "" {
-		username = seal.sys.Username
+		username = seal.sys.user.username
-		seal.sys.setEnv("USER", seal.sys.Username)
 	}
 	homeDir := "/var/empty"
-	if seal.sys.HomeDir != "" {
+	if seal.sys.user.home != "" {
-		homeDir = seal.sys.HomeDir
+		homeDir = seal.sys.user.home
-		seal.sys.setEnv("HOME", seal.sys.HomeDir)
 	}
-	passwd := username + ":x:65534:65534:Fortify:" + homeDir + ":" + sh + "\n"
+
-	seal.sys.writeFile(passwdPath, []byte(passwd))
+	// bind home directory
+	seal.sys.bwrap.Bind(seal.sys.user.data, homeDir, false, true)
+	seal.sys.bwrap.Chdir = homeDir
+
+	seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv["USER"] = username
+	seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv["HOME"] = homeDir
+
+	passwd := username + ":x:" + seal.sys.mappedIDString + ":" + seal.sys.mappedIDString + ":Fortify:" + homeDir + ":" + sh + "\n"
+	seal.sys.Write(passwdPath, passwd)
 
 	// write /etc/group
 	groupPath := path.Join(seal.share, "group")
-	seal.sys.writeFile(groupPath, []byte("fortify:x:65534:\n"))
+	seal.sys.Write(groupPath, "fortify:x:"+seal.sys.mappedIDString+":\n")
 
 	// bind /etc/passwd and /etc/group
-	seal.sys.bind(passwdPath, "/etc/passwd", true)
+	seal.sys.bwrap.Bind(passwdPath, "/etc/passwd")
-	seal.sys.bind(groupPath, "/etc/group", true)
+	seal.sys.bwrap.Bind(groupPath, "/etc/group")
 }

internal/app/start.go

@@ -3,35 +3,28 @@ package app
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	"os/exec"
-	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"strconv"
+	"strings"
-	"time"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	shim0 "git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/cmd/fshim/ipc"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/shim"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/cmd/fshim/ipc/shim"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/state"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/state"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/system"
 )
 
-type (
+// Start selects a user switcher and starts shim.
-	// ProcessError encapsulates errors returned by starting *exec.Cmd
+// Note that Wait must be called regardless of error returned by Start.
-	ProcessError BaseError
-	// ShimError encapsulates errors returned by shim.ServeConfig.
-	ShimError BaseError
-)
-
-// Start starts the fortified child
 func (a *app) Start() error {
 	a.lock.Lock()
 	defer a.lock.Unlock()
 
 	// resolve exec paths
-	shimExec := [3]string{a.seal.sys.executable, helper.BubblewrapName}
+	shimExec := [2]string{helper.BubblewrapName}
 	if len(a.seal.command) > 0 {
-		shimExec[2] = a.seal.command[0]
+		shimExec[1] = a.seal.command[0]
 	}
 	for i, n := range shimExec {
 		if len(n) == 0 {
@@ -41,71 +34,54 @@ func (a *app) Start() error {
 			if s, err := exec.LookPath(n); err == nil {
 				shimExec[i] = s
 			} else {
-				return (*ProcessError)(wrapError(err, fmt.Sprintf("cannot find %q: %v", n, err)))
+				return fmsg.WrapError(err,
+					fmt.Sprintf("executable file %q not found in $PATH", n))
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	if err := a.seal.sys.commit(); err != nil {
+	// construct shim manager
-		return err
+	a.shim = shim.New(
-	}
+		uint32(a.seal.sys.UID()),
-
+		a.seal.sys.user.as,
-	// select command builder
+		a.seal.sys.user.supp,
-	var commandBuilder func(shimEnv string) (args []string)
+		&shim0.Payload{
-	switch a.seal.launchOption {
-	case LaunchMethodSudo:
-		commandBuilder = a.commandBuilderSudo
-	case LaunchMethodMachineCtl:
-		commandBuilder = a.commandBuilderMachineCtl
-	default:
-		panic("unreachable")
-	}
-
-	// configure child process
-	confSockPath := path.Join(a.seal.share, "shim")
-	a.cmd = exec.Command(a.seal.toolPath, commandBuilder(shim.EnvShim+"="+confSockPath)...)
-	a.cmd.Env = []string{}
-	a.cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
-	a.cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
-	a.cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
-	a.cmd.Dir = a.seal.RunDirPath
-
-	if wls, err := shim.ServeConfig(confSockPath, &shim.Payload{
 			Argv:  a.seal.command,
 			Exec:  shimExec,
 			Bwrap: a.seal.sys.bwrap,
-		WL:    a.seal.wlDone != nil,
 
-		Verbose: verbose.Get(),
+			Verbose: fmsg.Verbose(),
-	}, a.seal.wl, a.seal.wlDone); err != nil {
+		},
-		return (*ShimError)(wrapError(err, "cannot listen on shim socket:", err))
+	)
+
+	// startup will go ahead, commit system setup
+	if err := a.seal.sys.Commit(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	a.seal.sys.needRevert = true
+
+	// export sync pipe from sys
+	a.seal.sys.bwrap.SetSync(a.seal.sys.Sync())
+
+	if startTime, err := a.shim.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
 	} else {
-		a.wayland = wls
+		// shim start and setup success, create process state
-	}
-
-	// start shim
-	verbose.Println("starting shim as target user:", a.cmd)
-	if err := a.cmd.Start(); err != nil {
-		return (*ProcessError)(wrapError(err, "cannot start process:", err))
-	}
-	startTime := time.Now().UTC()
-
-	// create process state
 		sd := state.State{
-		PID:        a.cmd.Process.Pid,
+			ID:     *a.id,
-		Command:    a.seal.command,
+			PID:    a.shim.Unwrap().Process.Pid,
-		Capability: a.seal.et,
+			Config: a.ct.Unwrap(),
-		Launcher:   a.seal.toolPath,
+			Time:   *startTime,
-		Argv:       a.cmd.Args,
-		Time:       startTime,
 		}
 
 		// register process state
-	var err = new(StateStoreError)
+		var err0 = new(StateStoreError)
-	err.Inner, err.DoErr = a.seal.store.Do(func(b state.Backend) {
+		err0.Inner, err0.DoErr = a.seal.store.Do(a.seal.sys.user.aid, func(c state.Cursor) {
-		err.InnerErr = b.Save(&sd)
+			err0.InnerErr = c.Save(&sd)
 		})
-	return err.equiv("cannot save process state:", err)
+		a.seal.sys.saveState = true
+		return err0.equiv("cannot save process state:")
+	}
 }
 
 // StateStoreError is returned for a failed state save
@@ -121,10 +97,10 @@ type StateStoreError struct {
 }
 
 func (e *StateStoreError) equiv(a ...any) error {
-	if e.Inner == true && e.DoErr == nil && e.InnerErr == nil && e.Err == nil {
+	if e.Inner && e.DoErr == nil && e.InnerErr == nil && e.Err == nil {
 		return nil
 	} else {
-		return wrapError(e, a...)
+		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(e, a...)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -167,81 +143,118 @@ func (a *app) Wait() (int, error) {
 	a.lock.Lock()
 	defer a.lock.Unlock()
 
+	if a.shim == nil {
+		fmsg.VPrintln("shim not initialised, skipping cleanup")
+		return 1, nil
+	}
+
 	var r int
 
+	if cmd := a.shim.Unwrap(); cmd == nil {
+		// failure prior to process start
+		r = 255
+	} else {
+		wait := make(chan error, 1)
+		go func() { wait <- cmd.Wait() }()
+
+		select {
 		// wait for process and resolve exit code
-	if err := a.cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
+		case err := <-wait:
+			if err != nil {
 				var exitError *exec.ExitError
 				if !errors.As(err, &exitError) {
 					// should be unreachable
-			a.wait = err
+					a.waitErr = err
 				}
 
 				// store non-zero return code
 				r = exitError.ExitCode()
 			} else {
-		r = a.cmd.ProcessState.ExitCode()
+				r = cmd.ProcessState.ExitCode()
+			}
+			fmsg.VPrintf("process %d exited with exit code %d", cmd.Process.Pid, r)
+
+		// alternative exit path when kill was unsuccessful
+		case err := <-a.shim.WaitFallback():
+			r = 255
+			if err != nil {
+				fmsg.Printf("cannot terminate shim on faulted setup: %v", err)
+			} else {
+				fmsg.VPrintln("alternative exit path selected")
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
-	verbose.Println("process", strconv.Itoa(a.cmd.Process.Pid), "exited with exit code", r)
+	// child process exited, resume output
+	fmsg.Resume()
 
-	// close wayland connection
+	// print queued up dbus messages
-	if a.wayland != nil {
+	if a.seal.dbusMsg != nil {
-		close(a.seal.wlDone)
+		a.seal.dbusMsg(func(msgbuf []string) {
-		if err := a.wayland.Close(); err != nil {
+			for _, msg := range msgbuf {
-			fmt.Println("fortify: cannot close wayland connection:", err)
+				fmsg.Println(msg)
 			}
+		})
 	}
 
 	// update store and revert app setup transaction
 	e := new(StateStoreError)
-	e.Inner, e.DoErr = a.seal.store.Do(func(b state.Backend) {
+	e.Inner, e.DoErr = a.seal.store.Do(a.seal.sys.user.aid, func(b state.Cursor) {
 		e.InnerErr = func() error {
 			// destroy defunct state entry
-			if err := b.Destroy(a.cmd.Process.Pid); err != nil {
+			if cmd := a.shim.Unwrap(); cmd != nil && a.seal.sys.saveState {
+				if err := b.Destroy(*a.id); err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
+			}
 
 			// enablements of remaining launchers
-			rt, tags := new(state.Enablements), new(state.Enablements)
+			rt, ec := new(system.Enablements), new(system.Criteria)
-			tags.Set(state.EnableLength + 1)
+			ec.Enablements = new(system.Enablements)
+			ec.Set(system.Process)
 			if states, err := b.Load(); err != nil {
 				return err
 			} else {
 				if l := len(states); l == 0 {
 					// cleanup globals as the final launcher
-					verbose.Println("no other launchers active, will clean up globals")
+					fmsg.VPrintln("no other launchers active, will clean up globals")
-					tags.Set(state.EnableLength)
+					ec.Set(system.User)
 				} else {
-					verbose.Printf("found %d active launchers, cleaning up without globals\n", l)
+					fmsg.VPrintf("found %d active launchers, cleaning up without globals", l)
 				}
 
 				// accumulate capabilities of other launchers
-				for _, s := range states {
+				for i, s := range states {
-					*rt |= s.Capability
+					if s.Config != nil {
+						*rt |= s.Config.Confinement.Enablements
+					} else {
+						fmsg.Printf("state entry %d does not contain config", i)
+					}
 				}
 			}
 			// invert accumulated enablements for cleanup
-			for i := state.Enablement(0); i < state.EnableLength; i++ {
+			for i := system.Enablement(0); i < system.Enablement(system.ELen); i++ {
 				if !rt.Has(i) {
-					tags.Set(i)
+					ec.Set(i)
 				}
 			}
-			if verbose.Get() {
+			if fmsg.Verbose() {
-				ct := make([]state.Enablement, 0, state.EnableLength)
+				labels := make([]string, 0, system.ELen+1)
-				for i := state.Enablement(0); i < state.EnableLength; i++ {
+				for i := system.Enablement(0); i < system.Enablement(system.ELen+2); i++ {
-					if tags.Has(i) {
+					if ec.Has(i) {
-						ct = append(ct, i)
+						labels = append(labels, system.TypeString(i))
 					}
 				}
-				if len(ct) > 0 {
+				if len(labels) > 0 {
-					verbose.Println("will revert operations tagged", ct, "as no remaining launchers hold these enablements")
+					fmsg.VPrintln("reverting operations labelled", strings.Join(labels, ", "))
 				}
 			}
 
-			if err := a.seal.sys.revert(tags); err != nil {
+			if a.seal.sys.needRevert {
+				if err := a.seal.sys.Revert(ec); err != nil {
 					return err.(RevertCompoundError)
 				}
+			}
 
 			return nil
 		}()

internal/app/system.go

@@ -1,429 +1,71 @@
 package app
 
 import (
-	"errors"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/dbus"
-	"fmt"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
-	"io/fs"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/linux"
-	"os"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/system"
-	"os/user"
-
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/acl"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/dbus"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/state"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/xcb"
 )
 
-// appSeal seals the application with child-related information
+// appSealSys encapsulates app seal behaviour with OS interactions
-type appSeal struct {
+type appSealSys struct {
-	// application unique identifier
-	id *appID
-	// wayland socket path if mediated wayland is enabled
-	wl string
-	// wait for wayland client to exit if mediated wayland is enabled,
-	// (wlDone == nil) determines whether mediated wayland setup is performed
-	wlDone chan struct{}
-
-	// freedesktop application ID
-	fid string
-	// argv to start process with in the final confined environment
-	command []string
-	// persistent process state store
-	store state.Store
-
-	// uint8 representation of launch method sealed from config
-	launchOption uint8
-	// process-specific share directory path
-	share string
-	// process-specific share directory path local to XDG_RUNTIME_DIR
-	shareLocal string
-
-	// path to launcher program
-	toolPath string
-	// pass-through enablement tracking from config
-	et state.Enablements
-
-	// prevents sharing from happening twice
-	shared bool
-	// seal system-level component
-	sys *appSealTx
-
-	// used in various sealing operations
-	internal.SystemConstants
-
-	// protected by upstream mutex
-}
-
-// appSealTx contains the system-level component of the app seal
-type appSealTx struct {
 	bwrap *bwrap.Config
-
+	// paths to override by mounting tmpfs over them
-	// reference to D-Bus proxy instance, nil if disabled
+	override []string
-	dbus *dbus.Proxy
-	// notification from goroutine waiting for dbus.Proxy
-	dbusWait chan struct{}
-	// upstream address/downstream path used to initialise dbus.Proxy
-	dbusAddr *[2][2]string
-	// whether system bus proxy is enabled
-	dbusSystem bool
-
-	// paths to append/strip ACLs (of target user) from
-	acl []*appACLEntry
-	// X11 ChangeHosts commands to perform
-	xhost []string
-	// paths of directories to ensure
-	mkdir []appEnsureEntry
-	// dst, data pairs of temporarily available files
-	files [][2]string
-	// dst, src pairs of temporarily shared files
-	tmpfiles [][2]string
-	// dst, src pairs of temporarily hard linked files
-	hardlinks [][2]string
 
 	// default formatted XDG_RUNTIME_DIR of User
 	runtime string
-	// sealed path to fortify executable, used by shim
-	executable string
-	// target user UID as an integer
-	uid int
 	// target user sealed from config
-	*user.User
+	user appUser
 
-	// prevents commit from happening twice
+	// mapped uid and gid in user namespace
-	complete bool
+	mappedID int
-	// prevents cleanup from happening twice
+	// string representation of mappedID
-	closed bool
+	mappedIDString string
+
+	needRevert bool
+	saveState  bool
+	*system.I
 
 	// protected by upstream mutex
 }
 
-type appEnsureEntry struct {
+type appUser struct {
-	path   string
+	// full uid resolved by fsu
-	perm   os.FileMode
+	uid int
-	remove bool
+	// string representation of uid
-}
+	us string
 
-// setEnv sets an environment variable for the child process
+	// supplementary group ids
-func (tx *appSealTx) setEnv(k, v string) {
+	supp []string
-	tx.bwrap.SetEnv[k] = v
-}
 
-// bind mounts a directory within the sandbox
+	// application id
-func (tx *appSealTx) bind(src, dest string, ro bool) {
+	aid int
-	if !ro {
+	// string representation of aid
-		tx.bwrap.Bind = append(tx.bwrap.Bind, [2]string{src, dest})
+	as string
-	} else {
-		tx.bwrap.ROBind = append(tx.bwrap.ROBind, [2]string{src, dest})
-	}
-}
 
-// ensure appends a directory ensure action
+	// home directory host path
-func (tx *appSealTx) ensure(path string, perm os.FileMode) {
+	data string
-	tx.mkdir = append(tx.mkdir, appEnsureEntry{path, perm, false})
+	// app user home directory
-}
+	home string
-
+	// passwd database username
-// ensureEphemeral appends a directory ensure action with removal in rollback
+	username string
-func (tx *appSealTx) ensureEphemeral(path string, perm os.FileMode) {
-	tx.mkdir = append(tx.mkdir, appEnsureEntry{path, perm, true})
-}
-
-// appACLEntry contains information for applying/reverting an ACL entry
-type appACLEntry struct {
-	tag   state.Enablement
-	path  string
-	perms []acl.Perm
-}
-
-func (e *appACLEntry) ts() string {
-	switch e.tag {
-	case state.EnableLength:
-		return "Global"
-	case state.EnableLength + 1:
-		return "Process"
-	default:
-		return e.tag.String()
-	}
-}
-
-func (e *appACLEntry) String() string {
-	var s = []byte("---")
-	for _, p := range e.perms {
-		switch p {
-		case acl.Read:
-			s[0] = 'r'
-		case acl.Write:
-			s[1] = 'w'
-		case acl.Execute:
-			s[2] = 'x'
-		}
-	}
-	return string(s)
-}
-
-// updatePerm appends an untagged acl update action
-func (tx *appSealTx) updatePerm(path string, perms ...acl.Perm) {
-	tx.updatePermTag(state.EnableLength+1, path, perms...)
-}
-
-// updatePermTag appends an acl update action
-// Tagging with state.EnableLength sets cleanup to happen at final active launcher exit,
-// while tagging with state.EnableLength+1 will unconditionally clean up on exit.
-func (tx *appSealTx) updatePermTag(tag state.Enablement, path string, perms ...acl.Perm) {
-	tx.acl = append(tx.acl, &appACLEntry{tag, path, perms})
-}
-
-// changeHosts appends target username of an X11 ChangeHosts action
-func (tx *appSealTx) changeHosts(username string) {
-	tx.xhost = append(tx.xhost, username)
-}
-
-// writeFile appends a files action
-func (tx *appSealTx) writeFile(dst string, data []byte) {
-	tx.files = append(tx.files, [2]string{dst, string(data)})
-	tx.updatePerm(dst, acl.Read)
-	tx.bind(dst, dst, true)
-}
-
-// copyFile appends a tmpfiles action
-func (tx *appSealTx) copyFile(dst, src string) {
-	tx.tmpfiles = append(tx.tmpfiles, [2]string{dst, src})
-	tx.updatePerm(dst, acl.Read)
-	tx.bind(dst, dst, true)
-}
-
-// link appends a hardlink action
-func (tx *appSealTx) link(oldname, newname string) {
-	tx.hardlinks = append(tx.hardlinks, [2]string{oldname, newname})
-}
-
-type (
-	ChangeHostsError BaseError
-	EnsureDirError   BaseError
-	TmpfileError     BaseError
-	DBusStartError   BaseError
-	ACLUpdateError   BaseError
-)
-
-// commit applies recorded actions
-// order: xhost, mkdir, files, tmpfiles, hardlinks, dbus, acl
-func (tx *appSealTx) commit() error {
-	if tx.complete {
-		panic("seal transaction committed twice")
-	}
-	tx.complete = true
-
-	txp := &appSealTx{User: tx.User, bwrap: &bwrap.Config{SetEnv: make(map[string]string)}}
-	defer func() {
-		// rollback partial commit
-		if txp != nil {
-			// global changes (x11, ACLs) are always repeated and check for other launchers cannot happen here
-			// attempting cleanup here will cause other fortified processes to lose access to them
-			// a better (and more secure) fix is to proxy access to these resources and eliminate the ACLs altogether
-			tags := new(state.Enablements)
-			for e := state.Enablement(0); e < state.EnableLength+2; e++ {
-				tags.Set(e)
-			}
-			if err := txp.revert(tags); err != nil {
-				fmt.Println("fortify: errors returned reverting partial commit:", err)
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-
-	// insert xhost entries
-	for _, username := range tx.xhost {
-		verbose.Printf("inserting XHost entry SI:localuser:%s\n", username)
-		if err := xcb.ChangeHosts(xcb.HostModeInsert, xcb.FamilyServerInterpreted, "localuser\x00"+username); err != nil {
-			return (*ChangeHostsError)(wrapError(err,
-				fmt.Sprintf("cannot insert XHost entry SI:localuser:%s, %s", username, err)))
-		} else {
-			// register partial commit
-			txp.changeHosts(username)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// ensure directories
-	for _, dir := range tx.mkdir {
-		verbose.Println("ensuring directory mode:", dir.perm.String(), "path:", dir.path)
-		if err := os.Mkdir(dir.path, dir.perm); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrExist) {
-			return (*EnsureDirError)(wrapError(err,
-				fmt.Sprintf("cannot create directory '%s': %s", dir.path, err)))
-		} else {
-			// only ephemeral dirs require rollback
-			if dir.remove {
-				// register partial commit
-				txp.ensureEphemeral(dir.path, dir.perm)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// write files
-	for _, file := range tx.files {
-		verbose.Println("writing", len(file[1]), "bytes of data to", file[0])
-		if err := os.WriteFile(file[0], []byte(file[1]), 0600); err != nil {
-			return (*TmpfileError)(wrapError(err,
-				fmt.Sprintf("cannot write file '%s': %s", file[0], err)))
-		} else {
-			// register partial commit
-			txp.writeFile(file[0], make([]byte, 0)) // data not necessary for revert
-		}
-	}
-
-	// publish tmpfiles
-	for _, tmpfile := range tx.tmpfiles {
-		verbose.Println("publishing tmpfile", tmpfile[0], "from", tmpfile[1])
-		if err := copyFile(tmpfile[0], tmpfile[1]); err != nil {
-			return (*TmpfileError)(wrapError(err,
-				fmt.Sprintf("cannot publish tmpfile '%s' from '%s': %s", tmpfile[0], tmpfile[1], err)))
-		} else {
-			// register partial commit
-			txp.copyFile(tmpfile[0], tmpfile[1])
-		}
-	}
-
-	// create hardlinks
-	for _, link := range tx.hardlinks {
-		verbose.Println("creating hardlink", link[1], "from", link[0])
-		if err := os.Link(link[0], link[1]); err != nil {
-			return (*TmpfileError)(wrapError(err,
-				fmt.Sprintf("cannot create hardlink '%s' from '%s': %s", link[1], link[0], err)))
-		} else {
-			// register partial commit
-			txp.link(link[0], link[1])
-		}
-	}
-
-	if tx.dbus != nil {
-		// start dbus proxy
-		verbose.Printf("session bus proxy on '%s' for upstream '%s'\n", tx.dbusAddr[0][1], tx.dbusAddr[0][0])
-		if tx.dbusSystem {
-			verbose.Printf("system bus proxy on '%s' for upstream '%s'\n", tx.dbusAddr[1][1], tx.dbusAddr[1][0])
-		}
-		if err := tx.startDBus(); err != nil {
-			return (*DBusStartError)(wrapError(err, "cannot start message bus proxy:", err))
-		} else {
-			txp.dbus = tx.dbus
-			txp.dbusAddr = tx.dbusAddr
-			txp.dbusSystem = tx.dbusSystem
-			txp.dbusWait = tx.dbusWait
-		}
-	}
-
-	// apply ACLs
-	for _, e := range tx.acl {
-		verbose.Println("applying ACL", e, "uid:", tx.Uid, "tag:", e.ts(), "path:", e.path)
-		if err := acl.UpdatePerm(e.path, tx.uid, e.perms...); err != nil {
-			return (*ACLUpdateError)(wrapError(err,
-				fmt.Sprintf("cannot apply ACL to '%s': %s", e.path, err)))
-		} else {
-			// register partial commit
-			txp.updatePermTag(e.tag, e.path, e.perms...)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// disarm partial commit rollback
-	txp = nil
-	return nil
-}
-
-// revert rolls back recorded actions
-// order: acl, dbus, hardlinks, tmpfiles, files, mkdir, xhost
-// errors are printed but not treated as fatal
-func (tx *appSealTx) revert(tags *state.Enablements) error {
-	if tx.closed {
-		panic("seal transaction reverted twice")
-	}
-	tx.closed = true
-
-	// will be slightly over-sized with ephemeral dirs
-	errs := make([]error, 0, len(tx.acl)+1+len(tx.tmpfiles)+len(tx.mkdir)+len(tx.xhost))
-	joinError := func(err error, a ...any) {
-		var e error
-		if err != nil {
-			e = wrapError(err, a...)
-		}
-		errs = append(errs, e)
-	}
-
-	// revert ACLs
-	for _, e := range tx.acl {
-		if tags.Has(e.tag) {
-			verbose.Println("stripping ACL", e, "uid:", tx.Uid, "tag:", e.ts(), "path:", e.path)
-			err := acl.UpdatePerm(e.path, tx.uid)
-			joinError(err, fmt.Sprintf("cannot strip ACL entry from '%s': %s", e.path, err))
-		} else {
-			verbose.Println("skipping ACL", e, "uid:", tx.Uid, "tag:", e.ts(), "path:", e.path)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if tx.dbus != nil {
-		// stop dbus proxy
-		verbose.Println("terminating message bus proxy")
-		err := tx.stopDBus()
-		joinError(err, "cannot stop message bus proxy:", err)
-	}
-
-	// remove hardlinks
-	for _, link := range tx.hardlinks {
-		verbose.Println("removing hardlink", link[1])
-		err := os.Remove(link[1])
-		joinError(err, fmt.Sprintf("cannot remove hardlink '%s': %s", link[1], err))
-	}
-
-	// remove tmpfiles
-	for _, tmpfile := range tx.tmpfiles {
-		verbose.Println("removing tmpfile", tmpfile[0])
-		err := os.Remove(tmpfile[0])
-		joinError(err, fmt.Sprintf("cannot remove tmpfile '%s': %s", tmpfile[0], err))
-	}
-
-	// remove files
-	for _, file := range tx.files {
-		verbose.Println("removing file", file[0])
-		err := os.Remove(file[0])
-		joinError(err, fmt.Sprintf("cannot remove file '%s': %s", file[0], err))
-	}
-
-	// remove (empty) ephemeral directories
-	for i := len(tx.mkdir); i > 0; i-- {
-		dir := tx.mkdir[i-1]
-		if !dir.remove {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		verbose.Println("destroying ephemeral directory mode:", dir.perm.String(), "path:", dir.path)
-		err := os.Remove(dir.path)
-		joinError(err, fmt.Sprintf("cannot remove ephemeral directory '%s': %s", dir.path, err))
-	}
-
-	if tags.Has(state.EnableX) {
-		// rollback xhost insertions
-		for _, username := range tx.xhost {
-			verbose.Printf("deleting XHost entry SI:localuser:%s\n", username)
-			err := xcb.ChangeHosts(xcb.HostModeDelete, xcb.FamilyServerInterpreted, "localuser\x00"+username)
-			joinError(err, "cannot remove XHost entry:", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return errors.Join(errs...)
 }
 
 // shareAll calls all share methods in sequence
-func (seal *appSeal) shareAll(bus [2]*dbus.Config) error {
+func (seal *appSeal) shareAll(bus [2]*dbus.Config, os linux.System) error {
 	if seal.shared {
 		panic("seal shared twice")
 	}
 	seal.shared = true
 
-	seal.shareRuntime()
 	seal.shareSystem()
-	targetRuntime := seal.shareRuntimeChild()
+	seal.shareRuntime()
-	verbose.Printf("child runtime data dir '%s' configured\n", targetRuntime)
+	seal.sharePasswd(os)
-	if err := seal.shareDisplay(); err != nil {
+	if err := seal.shareDisplay(os); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if err := seal.sharePulse(); err != nil {
+	if err := seal.sharePulse(os); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -434,12 +76,11 @@ func (seal *appSeal) shareAll(bus [2]*dbus.Config) error {
 
 	if err := seal.shareDBus(bus); err != nil {
 		return err
-	} else if seal.sys.dbusAddr != nil { // set if D-Bus enabled and share successful
-		verbose.Println("sealed session proxy", bus[0].Args(seal.sys.dbusAddr[0]))
-		if bus[1] != nil {
-			verbose.Println("sealed system proxy", bus[1].Args(seal.sys.dbusAddr[1]))
 	}
-		verbose.Println("message bus proxy final args:", seal.sys.dbus)
+
+	// queue overriding tmpfs at the end of seal.sys.bwrap.Filesystem
+	for _, dest := range seal.sys.override {
+		seal.sys.bwrap.Tmpfs(dest, 8*1024)
 	}
 
 	return nil

internal/comp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package internal
+
+const compPoison = "INVALIDINVALIDINVALIDINVALIDINVALID"
+
+var (
+	Version = compPoison
+)
+
+// Check validates string value set at compile time.
+func Check(s string) (string, bool) {
+	return s, s != compPoison && s != ""
+}

internal/early.go

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-package internal
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io/fs"
-	"os"
-)
-
-const (
-	systemdCheckPath = "/run/systemd/system"
-)
-
-var SdBootedV = func() bool {
-	if v, err := SdBooted(); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("warn: read systemd marker:", err)
-		return false
-	} else {
-		return v
-	}
-}()
-
-// SdBooted implements https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/sd_booted.html
-func SdBooted() (bool, error) {
-	_, err := os.Stat(systemdCheckPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-			err = nil
-		}
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	return true, nil
-}

internal/environ.go

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-package internal
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-	"strconv"
-	"sync"
-
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
-)
-
-// state that remain constant for the lifetime of the process
-// fetched and cached here
-
-const (
-	xdgRuntimeDir = "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR"
-)
-
-// SystemConstants contains state from the operating system
-type SystemConstants struct {
-	// path to shared directory e.g. /tmp/fortify.%d
-	SharePath string `json:"share_path"`
-	// XDG_RUNTIME_DIR value e.g. /run/user/%d
-	RuntimePath string `json:"runtime_path"`
-	// application runtime directory e.g. /run/user/%d/fortify
-	RunDirPath string `json:"run_dir_path"`
-}
-
-var (
-	scVal  SystemConstants
-	scOnce sync.Once
-)
-
-func copySC() {
-	sc := SystemConstants{
-		SharePath: path.Join(os.TempDir(), "fortify."+strconv.Itoa(os.Geteuid())),
-	}
-
-	verbose.Println("process share directory at", sc.SharePath)
-
-	// runtimePath, runDirPath
-	if r, ok := os.LookupEnv(xdgRuntimeDir); !ok {
-		fmt.Println("Env variable", xdgRuntimeDir, "unset")
-		os.Exit(1)
-	} else {
-		sc.RuntimePath = r
-		sc.RunDirPath = path.Join(sc.RuntimePath, "fortify")
-		verbose.Println("XDG runtime directory at", sc.RunDirPath)
-	}
-
-	scVal = sc
-}
-
-// GetSC returns a populated SystemConstants value
-func GetSC() SystemConstants {
-	scOnce.Do(copySC)
-	return scVal
-}

internal/fmsg/defer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package fmsg
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+)
+
+var (
+	wstate   atomic.Bool
+	dropped  atomic.Uint64
+	withhold = make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	msgbuf   = make(chan dOp, 64) // these ops are tiny so a large buffer is allocated for withholding output
+
+	dequeueOnce sync.Once
+	queueSync   sync.WaitGroup
+)
+
+func dequeue() {
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			select {
+			case op := <-msgbuf:
+				op.Do()
+				queueSync.Done()
+			case <-withhold:
+				<-withhold
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// queue submits ops to msgbuf but drops messages
+// when the buffer is full and dequeue is withholding
+func queue(op dOp) {
+	queueSync.Add(1)
+
+	select {
+	case msgbuf <- op:
+	default:
+		// send the op anyway if not withholding
+		// as dequeue will get to it eventually
+		if !wstate.Load() {
+			msgbuf <- op
+		} else {
+			queueSync.Done()
+			// increment dropped message count
+			dropped.Add(1)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type dOp interface{ Do() }
+
+func Exit(code int) {
+	queueSync.Wait()
+	os.Exit(code)
+}
+
+func Suspend() {
+	dequeueOnce.Do(dequeue)
+	if wstate.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
+		queueSync.Wait()
+		withhold <- struct{}{}
+	}
+}
+
+func Resume() {
+	dequeueOnce.Do(dequeue)
+	if wstate.CompareAndSwap(true, false) {
+		withhold <- struct{}{}
+		if d := dropped.Swap(0); d != 0 {
+			Printf("dropped %d messages during withhold", d)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type dPrint []any
+
+func (v dPrint) Do() {
+	std.Print(v...)
+}
+
+type dPrintf struct {
+	format string
+	v      []any
+}
+
+func (d *dPrintf) Do() {
+	std.Printf(d.format, d.v...)
+}
+
+type dPrintln []any
+
+func (v dPrintln) Do() {
+	std.Println(v...)
+}

internal/fmsg/errors.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package app
+package fmsg
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
@@ -29,11 +29,32 @@ func (e *BaseError) Message() string {
 	return e.message
 }
 
-func wrapError(err error, a ...any) *BaseError {
+// WrapError wraps an error with a corresponding message.
-	return &BaseError{
+func WrapError(err error, a ...any) error {
-		message:   fmt.Sprintln(a...),
+	if err == nil {
-		baseError: baseError{err},
+		return nil
 	}
+	return wrapError(err, fmt.Sprintln(a...))
+}
+
+// WrapErrorSuffix wraps an error with a corresponding message with err at the end of the message.
+func WrapErrorSuffix(err error, a ...any) error {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return wrapError(err, fmt.Sprintln(append(a, err)...))
+}
+
+// WrapErrorFunc wraps an error with a corresponding message returned by f.
+func WrapErrorFunc(err error, f func(err error) string) error {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return wrapError(err, f(err))
+}
+
+func wrapError(err error, message string) *BaseError {
+	return &BaseError{message, baseError{err}}
 }
 
 var (

internal/fmsg/fmsg.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Package fmsg provides various functions for output messages.
+package fmsg
+
+import (
+	"log"
+	"os"
+)
+
+var std = log.New(os.Stderr, "fortify: ", 0)
+
+func SetPrefix(prefix string) {
+	prefix += ": "
+	std.SetPrefix(prefix)
+	std.SetPrefix(prefix)
+}
+
+func Print(v ...any) {
+	dequeueOnce.Do(dequeue)
+	queue(dPrint(v))
+}
+
+func Printf(format string, v ...any) {
+	dequeueOnce.Do(dequeue)
+	queue(&dPrintf{format, v})
+}
+
+func Println(v ...any) {
+	dequeueOnce.Do(dequeue)
+	queue(dPrintln(v))
+}
+
+func Fatal(v ...any) {
+	Print(v...)
+	Exit(1)
+}
+
+func Fatalf(format string, v ...any) {
+	Printf(format, v...)
+	Exit(1)
+}

internal/fmsg/verbose.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package fmsg
+
+import "sync/atomic"
+
+var verbose = new(atomic.Bool)
+
+func Verbose() bool {
+	return verbose.Load()
+}
+
+func SetVerbose(v bool) {
+	verbose.Store(v)
+}
+
+func VPrintf(format string, v ...any) {
+	if verbose.Load() {
+		Printf(format, v...)
+	}
+}
+
+func VPrintln(v ...any) {
+	if verbose.Load() {
+		Println(v...)
+	}
+}

internal/init/main.go

@@ -1,164 +0,0 @@
-package init0
-
-import (
-	"encoding/gob"
-	"errors"
-	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"os/signal"
-	"path"
-	"strconv"
-	"syscall"
-
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
-)
-
-// everything beyond this point runs within pid namespace
-// proceed with caution!
-
-func doInit(fd uintptr) {
-	// re-exec
-	if len(os.Args) > 0 && os.Args[0] != "fortify" && path.IsAbs(os.Args[0]) {
-		if err := syscall.Exec(os.Args[0], []string{"fortify", "init"}, os.Environ()); err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("fortify-init: cannot re-exec self:", err)
-			// continue anyway
-		}
-	}
-
-	verbose.Prefix = "fortify-init:"
-
-	var payload Payload
-	p := os.NewFile(fd, "config-stream")
-	if p == nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-init: invalid config descriptor")
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-	if err := gob.NewDecoder(p).Decode(&payload); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-init: cannot decode init payload:", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
-	} else {
-		// sharing stdout with parent
-		// USE WITH CAUTION
-		verbose.Set(payload.Verbose)
-
-		// child does not need to see this
-		if err = os.Unsetenv(EnvInit); err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("fortify-init: cannot unset", EnvInit+":", err)
-			// not fatal
-		} else {
-			verbose.Println("received configuration")
-		}
-	}
-
-	// close config fd
-	if err := p.Close(); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-init: cannot close config fd:", err)
-		// not fatal
-	}
-
-	// die with parent
-	if _, _, errno := syscall.RawSyscall(syscall.SYS_PRCTL, syscall.PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, uintptr(syscall.SIGKILL), 0); errno != 0 {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-init: prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL):", errno.Error())
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-
-	cmd := exec.Command(payload.Argv0)
-	cmd.Stdin, cmd.Stdout, cmd.Stderr = os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr
-	cmd.Args = payload.Argv
-	cmd.Env = os.Environ()
-
-	// pass wayland fd
-	if payload.WL != -1 {
-		if f := os.NewFile(uintptr(payload.WL), "wayland"); f != nil {
-			cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "WAYLAND_SOCKET="+strconv.Itoa(3+len(cmd.ExtraFiles)))
-			cmd.ExtraFiles = append(cmd.ExtraFiles, f)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("fortify-init: cannot start %q: %v", payload.Argv0, err)
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-
-	sig := make(chan os.Signal, 2)
-	signal.Notify(sig, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
-
-	type winfo struct {
-		wpid    int
-		wstatus syscall.WaitStatus
-	}
-	info := make(chan winfo, 1)
-	done := make(chan struct{})
-
-	go func() {
-		var (
-			err     error
-			wpid    = -2
-			wstatus syscall.WaitStatus
-		)
-
-		// keep going until no child process is left
-		for wpid != -1 {
-			if err != nil {
-				break
-			}
-
-			if wpid != -2 {
-				info <- winfo{wpid, wstatus}
-			}
-
-			err = syscall.EINTR
-			for errors.Is(err, syscall.EINTR) {
-				wpid, err = syscall.Wait4(-1, &wstatus, 0, nil)
-			}
-		}
-		if !errors.Is(err, syscall.ECHILD) {
-			fmt.Println("fortify-init: unexpected wait4 response:", err)
-		}
-
-		close(done)
-	}()
-
-	r := 2
-	for {
-		select {
-		case s := <-sig:
-			verbose.Println("received", s.String())
-			os.Exit(0)
-		case w := <-info:
-			if w.wpid == cmd.Process.Pid {
-				switch {
-				case w.wstatus.Exited():
-					r = w.wstatus.ExitStatus()
-				case w.wstatus.Signaled():
-					r = 128 + int(w.wstatus.Signal())
-				default:
-					r = 255
-				}
-			}
-		case <-done:
-			os.Exit(r)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// Try runs init and stops execution if FORTIFY_INIT is set.
-func Try() {
-	if os.Getpid() != 1 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	if args := flag.Args(); len(args) == 1 && args[0] == "init" {
-		if s, ok := os.LookupEnv(EnvInit); ok {
-			if fd, err := strconv.Atoi(s); err != nil {
-				fmt.Printf("fortify-init: cannot parse %q: %v", s, err)
-				os.Exit(1)
-			} else {
-				doInit(uintptr(fd))
-			}
-			panic("unreachable")
-		}
-	}
-}

internal/linux/interface.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package linux
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os/user"
+	"path"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+)
+
+// System provides safe access to operating system resources.
+type System interface {
+	// Geteuid provides [os.Geteuid].
+	Geteuid() int
+	// LookupEnv provides [os.LookupEnv].
+	LookupEnv(key string) (string, bool)
+	// TempDir provides [os.TempDir].
+	TempDir() string
+	// LookPath provides [exec.LookPath].
+	LookPath(file string) (string, error)
+	// Executable provides [os.Executable].
+	Executable() (string, error)
+	// LookupGroup provides [user.LookupGroup].
+	LookupGroup(name string) (*user.Group, error)
+	// ReadDir provides [os.ReadDir].
+	ReadDir(name string) ([]fs.DirEntry, error)
+	// Stat provides [os.Stat].
+	Stat(name string) (fs.FileInfo, error)
+	// Open provides [os.Open]
+	Open(name string) (fs.File, error)
+	// Exit provides [os.Exit].
+	Exit(code int)
+	// Stdout provides [os.Stdout].
+	Stdout() io.Writer
+
+	// Paths returns a populated [Paths] struct.
+	Paths() Paths
+	// Uid invokes fsu and returns target uid.
+	Uid(aid int) (int, error)
+}
+
+// Paths contains environment dependent paths used by fortify.
+type Paths struct {
+	// path to shared directory e.g. /tmp/fortify.%d
+	SharePath string `json:"share_path"`
+	// XDG_RUNTIME_DIR value e.g. /run/user/%d
+	RuntimePath string `json:"runtime_path"`
+	// application runtime directory e.g. /run/user/%d/fortify
+	RunDirPath string `json:"run_dir_path"`
+}
+
+// CopyPaths is a generic implementation of [System.Paths].
+func CopyPaths(os System, v *Paths) {
+	v.SharePath = path.Join(os.TempDir(), "fortify."+strconv.Itoa(os.Geteuid()))
+
+	fmsg.VPrintf("process share directory at %q", v.SharePath)
+
+	if r, ok := os.LookupEnv(xdgRuntimeDir); !ok || r == "" || !path.IsAbs(r) {
+		// fall back to path in share since fortify has no hard XDG dependency
+		v.RunDirPath = path.Join(v.SharePath, "run")
+		v.RuntimePath = path.Join(v.RunDirPath, "compat")
+	} else {
+		v.RuntimePath = r
+		v.RunDirPath = path.Join(v.RuntimePath, "fortify")
+	}
+
+	fmsg.VPrintf("runtime directory at %q", v.RunDirPath)
+}

internal/linux/std.go

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package linux
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/user"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+)
+
+// Std implements System using the standard library.
+type Std struct {
+	paths     Paths
+	pathsOnce sync.Once
+
+	uidOnce sync.Once
+	uidCopy map[int]struct {
+		uid int
+		err error
+	}
+	uidMu sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+func (s *Std) Geteuid() int                                 { return os.Geteuid() }
+func (s *Std) LookupEnv(key string) (string, bool)          { return os.LookupEnv(key) }
+func (s *Std) TempDir() string                              { return os.TempDir() }
+func (s *Std) LookPath(file string) (string, error)         { return exec.LookPath(file) }
+func (s *Std) Executable() (string, error)                  { return os.Executable() }
+func (s *Std) LookupGroup(name string) (*user.Group, error) { return user.LookupGroup(name) }
+func (s *Std) ReadDir(name string) ([]os.DirEntry, error)   { return os.ReadDir(name) }
+func (s *Std) Stat(name string) (fs.FileInfo, error)        { return os.Stat(name) }
+func (s *Std) Open(name string) (fs.File, error)            { return os.Open(name) }
+func (s *Std) Exit(code int)                                { fmsg.Exit(code) }
+func (s *Std) Stdout() io.Writer                            { return os.Stdout }
+
+const xdgRuntimeDir = "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR"
+
+func (s *Std) Paths() Paths {
+	s.pathsOnce.Do(func() { CopyPaths(s, &s.paths) })
+	return s.paths
+}
+
+func (s *Std) Uid(aid int) (int, error) {
+	s.uidOnce.Do(func() {
+		s.uidCopy = make(map[int]struct {
+			uid int
+			err error
+		})
+	})
+
+	s.uidMu.RLock()
+	if u, ok := s.uidCopy[aid]; ok {
+		s.uidMu.RUnlock()
+		return u.uid, u.err
+	}
+
+	s.uidMu.RUnlock()
+	s.uidMu.Lock()
+	defer s.uidMu.Unlock()
+
+	u := struct {
+		uid int
+		err error
+	}{}
+	defer func() { s.uidCopy[aid] = u }()
+
+	u.uid = -1
+	if fsu, ok := internal.Check(internal.Fsu); !ok {
+		fmsg.Fatal("invalid fsu path, this copy of fshim is not compiled correctly")
+		panic("unreachable")
+	} else {
+		cmd := exec.Command(fsu)
+		cmd.Path = fsu
+		cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr // pass through fatal messages
+		cmd.Env = []string{"FORTIFY_APP_ID=" + strconv.Itoa(aid)}
+		cmd.Dir = "/"
+		var p []byte
+		if p, u.err = cmd.Output(); u.err == nil {
+			u.uid, u.err = strconv.Atoi(string(p))
+		}
+		return u.uid, u.err
+	}
+}

internal/path.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package internal
+
+import "path"
+
+var (
+	Fsu   = compPoison
+	Finit = compPoison
+)
+
+func Path(p string) (string, bool) {
+	return p, p != compPoison && p != "" && path.IsAbs(p)
+}

internal/prctl.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package internal
+
+import "syscall"
+
+func PR_SET_DUMPABLE__SUID_DUMP_DISABLE() error {
+	// linux/sched/coredump.h
+	if _, _, errno := syscall.RawSyscall(syscall.SYS_PRCTL, syscall.PR_SET_DUMPABLE, 0, 0); errno != 0 {
+		return errno
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func PR_SET_PDEATHSIG__SIGKILL() error {
+	if _, _, errno := syscall.AllThreadsSyscall(syscall.SYS_PRCTL, syscall.PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, uintptr(syscall.SIGKILL), 0); errno != 0 {
+		return errno
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

internal/proc/fd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package proc
+
+import (
+	"encoding/gob"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrNotSet  = errors.New("environment variable not set")
+	ErrInvalid = errors.New("bad file descriptor")
+)
+
+func Setup(extraFiles *[]*os.File) (int, *gob.Encoder, error) {
+	if r, w, err := os.Pipe(); err != nil {
+		return -1, nil, err
+	} else {
+		fd := 3 + len(*extraFiles)
+		*extraFiles = append(*extraFiles, r)
+		return fd, gob.NewEncoder(w), nil
+	}
+}
+
+func Receive(key string, e any) (func() error, error) {
+	var setup *os.File
+
+	if s, ok := os.LookupEnv(key); !ok {
+		return nil, ErrNotSet
+	} else {
+		if fd, err := strconv.Atoi(s); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		} else {
+			setup = os.NewFile(uintptr(fd), "setup")
+			if setup == nil {
+				return nil, ErrInvalid
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return func() error { return setup.Close() }, gob.NewDecoder(setup).Decode(e)
+}

internal/proc/files.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package proc
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+)
+
+func ExtraFile(cmd *exec.Cmd, f *os.File) (fd uintptr) {
+	// ExtraFiles: If non-nil, entry i becomes file descriptor 3+i.
+	fd = uintptr(3 + len(cmd.ExtraFiles))
+	cmd.ExtraFiles = append(cmd.ExtraFiles, f)
+	return
+}

internal/shim/main.go

@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-package shim
-
-import (
-	"encoding/gob"
-	"errors"
-	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-	"strconv"
-	"syscall"
-
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
-	init0 "git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/init"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
-)
-
-// everything beyond this point runs as target user
-// proceed with caution!
-
-func doShim(socket string) {
-	// re-exec
-	if len(os.Args) > 0 && os.Args[0] != "fortify" && path.IsAbs(os.Args[0]) {
-		if err := syscall.Exec(os.Args[0], []string{"fortify", "shim"}, os.Environ()); err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("fortify-shim: cannot re-exec self:", err)
-			// continue anyway
-		}
-	}
-
-	verbose.Prefix = "fortify-shim:"
-
-	// dial setup socket
-	var conn *net.UnixConn
-	if c, err := net.DialUnix("unix", nil, &net.UnixAddr{Name: socket, Net: "unix"}); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-shim: cannot dial setup socket:", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
-	} else {
-		conn = c
-	}
-
-	// decode payload gob stream
-	var payload Payload
-	if err := gob.NewDecoder(conn).Decode(&payload); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-shim: cannot decode shim payload:", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
-	} else {
-		// sharing stdout with parent
-		// USE WITH CAUTION
-		verbose.Set(payload.Verbose)
-	}
-
-	if payload.Bwrap == nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-shim: bwrap config not supplied")
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-
-	// receive wayland fd over socket
-	wfd := -1
-	if payload.WL {
-		if fd, err := receiveWLfd(conn); err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("fortify-shim: cannot receive wayland fd:", err)
-			os.Exit(1)
-		} else {
-			wfd = fd
-		}
-	}
-
-	// close setup socket
-	if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-shim: cannot close setup socket:", err)
-		// not fatal
-	}
-
-	var ic init0.Payload
-
-	// resolve argv0
-	ic.Argv = payload.Argv
-	if len(ic.Argv) > 0 {
-		// looked up from $PATH by parent
-		ic.Argv0 = payload.Exec[2]
-	} else {
-		// no argv, look up shell instead
-		var ok bool
-		if ic.Argv0, ok = os.LookupEnv("SHELL"); !ok {
-			fmt.Println("fortify-shim: no command was specified and $SHELL was unset")
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-
-		ic.Argv = []string{ic.Argv0}
-	}
-
-	conf := payload.Bwrap
-
-	var extraFiles []*os.File
-
-	// pass wayland fd
-	if wfd != -1 {
-		if f := os.NewFile(uintptr(wfd), "wayland"); f != nil {
-			ic.WL = 3 + len(extraFiles)
-			extraFiles = append(extraFiles, f)
-		}
-	} else {
-		ic.WL = -1
-	}
-
-	// share config pipe
-	if r, w, err := os.Pipe(); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-shim: cannot pipe:", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
-	} else {
-		conf.SetEnv[init0.EnvInit] = strconv.Itoa(3 + len(extraFiles))
-		extraFiles = append(extraFiles, r)
-
-		verbose.Println("transmitting config to init")
-		go func() {
-			// stream config to pipe
-			if err = gob.NewEncoder(w).Encode(&ic); err != nil {
-				fmt.Println("fortify-shim: cannot transmit init config:", err)
-				os.Exit(1)
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-
-	helper.BubblewrapName = payload.Exec[1] // resolved bwrap path by parent
-	if b, err := helper.NewBwrap(conf, nil, payload.Exec[0], func(int, int) []string { return []string{"init"} }); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-shim: malformed sandbox config:", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
-	} else {
-		cmd := b.Unwrap()
-		cmd.Stdin, cmd.Stdout, cmd.Stderr = os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr
-		cmd.ExtraFiles = extraFiles
-
-		if verbose.Get() {
-			verbose.Println("bwrap args:", conf.Args())
-		}
-
-		// run and pass through exit code
-		if err = b.Start(); err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("fortify-shim: cannot start target process:", err)
-			os.Exit(1)
-		} else if err = b.Wait(); err != nil {
-			verbose.Println("wait:", err)
-		}
-		if b.Unwrap().ProcessState != nil {
-			os.Exit(b.Unwrap().ProcessState.ExitCode())
-		} else {
-			os.Exit(127)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func receiveWLfd(conn *net.UnixConn) (int, error) {
-	oob := make([]byte, syscall.CmsgSpace(4)) // single fd
-
-	if _, oobn, _, _, err := conn.ReadMsgUnix(nil, oob); err != nil {
-		return -1, err
-	} else if len(oob) != oobn {
-		return -1, errors.New("invalid message length")
-	}
-
-	var msg syscall.SocketControlMessage
-	if messages, err := syscall.ParseSocketControlMessage(oob); err != nil {
-		return -1, err
-	} else if len(messages) != 1 {
-		return -1, errors.New("unexpected message count")
-	} else {
-		msg = messages[0]
-	}
-
-	if fds, err := syscall.ParseUnixRights(&msg); err != nil {
-		return -1, err
-	} else if len(fds) != 1 {
-		return -1, errors.New("unexpected fd count")
-	} else {
-		return fds[0], nil
-	}
-}
-
-// Try runs shim and stops execution if FORTIFY_SHIM is set.
-func Try() {
-	if args := flag.Args(); len(args) == 1 && args[0] == "shim" {
-		if s, ok := os.LookupEnv(EnvShim); ok {
-			doShim(s)
-			panic("unreachable")
-		}
-	}
-}

internal/shim/parent.go

@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-package shim
-
-import (
-	"encoding/gob"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"os"
-	"syscall"
-
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
-)
-
-// called in the parent process
-
-func ServeConfig(socket string, payload *Payload, wl string, done chan struct{}) (*net.UnixConn, error) {
-	var ws *net.UnixConn
-	if payload.WL {
-		if f, err := net.DialUnix("unix", nil, &net.UnixAddr{Name: wl, Net: "unix"}); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		} else {
-			verbose.Println("connected to wayland at", wl)
-			ws = f
-		}
-	}
-
-	if c, err := net.ListenUnix("unix", &net.UnixAddr{Name: socket, Net: "unix"}); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	} else {
-		verbose.Println("configuring shim on socket", socket)
-		if err = os.Chmod(socket, 0777); err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("fortify: cannot change permissions of shim setup socket:", err)
-		}
-
-		go func() {
-			var conn *net.UnixConn
-			if conn, err = c.AcceptUnix(); err != nil {
-				fmt.Println("fortify: cannot accept connection from shim:", err)
-			} else {
-				if err = gob.NewEncoder(conn).Encode(*payload); err != nil {
-					fmt.Println("fortify: cannot stream shim payload:", err)
-					return
-				}
-
-				if payload.WL {
-					// get raw connection
-					var rc syscall.RawConn
-					if rc, err = ws.SyscallConn(); err != nil {
-						fmt.Println("fortify: cannot obtain raw wayland connection:", err)
-						return
-					} else {
-						go func() {
-							// pass wayland socket fd
-							if err = rc.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
-								if _, _, err = conn.WriteMsgUnix(nil, syscall.UnixRights(int(fd)), nil); err != nil {
-									fmt.Println("fortify: cannot pass wayland connection to shim:", err)
-									return
-								}
-								_ = conn.Close()
-
-								// block until shim exits
-								<-done
-								verbose.Println("releasing wayland connection")
-							}); err != nil {
-								fmt.Println("fortify: cannot obtain wayland connection fd:", err)
-							}
-						}()
-					}
-				} else {
-					_ = conn.Close()
-				}
-			}
-			if err = c.Close(); err != nil {
-				fmt.Println("fortify: cannot close shim socket:", err)
-			}
-			if err = os.Remove(socket); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-				fmt.Println("fortify: cannot remove dangling shim socket:", err)
-			}
-		}()
-		return ws, nil
-	}
-}

internal/shim/payload.go

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-package shim
-
-import "git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
-
-const EnvShim = "FORTIFY_SHIM"
-
-type Payload struct {
-	// child full argv
-	Argv []string
-	// fortify, bwrap, target full exec path
-	Exec [3]string
-	// bwrap config
-	Bwrap *bwrap.Config
-	// whether to pass wayland fd
-	WL bool
-
-	// verbosity pass through
-	Verbose bool
-}

internal/state/multi.go

@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+package state
+
+import (
+	"encoding/gob"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/fst"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+)
+
+// fine-grained locking and access
+type multiStore struct {
+	base string
+
+	// initialised backends
+	backends *sync.Map
+
+	lock sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+func (s *multiStore) Do(aid int, f func(c Cursor)) (bool, error) {
+	s.lock.RLock()
+	defer s.lock.RUnlock()
+
+	// load or initialise new backend
+	b := new(multiBackend)
+	if v, ok := s.backends.LoadOrStore(aid, b); ok {
+		b = v.(*multiBackend)
+	} else {
+		b.lock.Lock()
+		b.path = path.Join(s.base, strconv.Itoa(aid))
+
+		// ensure directory
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(b.path, 0700); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrExist) {
+			s.backends.CompareAndDelete(aid, b)
+			return false, err
+		}
+
+		// open locker file
+		if l, err := os.OpenFile(b.path+".lock", os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE, 0600); err != nil {
+			s.backends.CompareAndDelete(aid, b)
+			return false, err
+		} else {
+			b.lockfile = l
+		}
+		b.lock.Unlock()
+	}
+
+	// lock backend
+	if err := b.lockFile(); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	// expose backend methods without exporting the pointer
+	c := new(struct{ *multiBackend })
+	c.multiBackend = b
+	f(b)
+	// disable access to the backend on a best-effort basis
+	c.multiBackend = nil
+
+	// unlock backend
+	return true, b.unlockFile()
+}
+
+func (s *multiStore) List() ([]int, error) {
+	var entries []os.DirEntry
+
+	// read base directory to get all aids
+	if v, err := os.ReadDir(s.base); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return nil, err
+	} else {
+		entries = v
+	}
+
+	aidsBuf := make([]int, 0, len(entries))
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		// skip non-directories
+		if !e.IsDir() {
+			fmsg.VPrintf("skipped non-directory entry %q", e.Name())
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// skip non-numerical names
+		if v, err := strconv.Atoi(e.Name()); err != nil {
+			fmsg.VPrintf("skipped non-aid entry %q", e.Name())
+			continue
+		} else {
+			if v < 0 || v > 9999 {
+				fmsg.VPrintf("skipped out of bounds entry %q", e.Name())
+				continue
+			}
+
+			aidsBuf = append(aidsBuf, v)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return append([]int(nil), aidsBuf...), nil
+}
+
+func (s *multiStore) Close() error {
+	s.lock.Lock()
+	defer s.lock.Unlock()
+
+	var errs []error
+	s.backends.Range(func(_, value any) bool {
+		b := value.(*multiBackend)
+		errs = append(errs, b.close())
+		return true
+	})
+
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
+}
+
+type multiBackend struct {
+	path string
+
+	// created/opened by prepare
+	lockfile *os.File
+
+	lock sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+func (b *multiBackend) filename(id *fst.ID) string {
+	return path.Join(b.path, id.String())
+}
+
+func (b *multiBackend) lockFileAct(lt int) (err error) {
+	op := "LockAct"
+	switch lt {
+	case syscall.LOCK_EX:
+		op = "Lock"
+	case syscall.LOCK_UN:
+		op = "Unlock"
+	}
+
+	for {
+		err = syscall.Flock(int(b.lockfile.Fd()), lt)
+		if !errors.Is(err, syscall.EINTR) {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return &fs.PathError{
+			Op:   op,
+			Path: b.lockfile.Name(),
+			Err:  err,
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *multiBackend) lockFile() error {
+	return b.lockFileAct(syscall.LOCK_EX)
+}
+
+func (b *multiBackend) unlockFile() error {
+	return b.lockFileAct(syscall.LOCK_UN)
+}
+
+// reads all launchers in simpleBackend
+// file contents are ignored if decode is false
+func (b *multiBackend) load(decode bool) (Entries, error) {
+	b.lock.RLock()
+	defer b.lock.RUnlock()
+
+	// read directory contents, should only contain files named after ids
+	var entries []os.DirEntry
+	if pl, err := os.ReadDir(b.path); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else {
+		entries = pl
+	}
+
+	// allocate as if every entry is valid
+	// since that should be the case assuming no external interference happens
+	r := make(Entries, len(entries))
+
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		if e.IsDir() {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected directory %q in store", e.Name())
+		}
+
+		id := new(fst.ID)
+		if err := fst.ParseAppID(id, e.Name()); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		// run in a function to better handle file closing
+		if err := func() error {
+			// open state file for reading
+			if f, err := os.Open(path.Join(b.path, e.Name())); err != nil {
+				return err
+			} else {
+				defer func() {
+					if f.Close() != nil {
+						// unreachable
+						panic("foreign state file closed prematurely")
+					}
+				}()
+
+				s := new(State)
+				r[*id] = s
+
+				// append regardless, but only parse if required, used to implement Len
+				if decode {
+					if err = gob.NewDecoder(f).Decode(s); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+
+					if s.ID != *id {
+						return fmt.Errorf("state entry %s has unexpected id %s", id, &s.ID)
+					}
+				}
+
+				return nil
+			}
+		}(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return r, nil
+}
+
+// Save writes process state to filesystem
+func (b *multiBackend) Save(state *State) error {
+	b.lock.Lock()
+	defer b.lock.Unlock()
+
+	if state.Config == nil {
+		return errors.New("state does not contain config")
+	}
+
+	statePath := b.filename(&state.ID)
+
+	// create and open state data file
+	if f, err := os.OpenFile(statePath, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL, 0600); err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else {
+		defer func() {
+			if f.Close() != nil {
+				// unreachable
+				panic("state file closed prematurely")
+			}
+		}()
+		// encode into state file
+		return gob.NewEncoder(f).Encode(state)
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *multiBackend) Destroy(id fst.ID) error {
+	b.lock.Lock()
+	defer b.lock.Unlock()
+
+	return os.Remove(b.filename(&id))
+}
+
+func (b *multiBackend) Load() (Entries, error) {
+	return b.load(true)
+}
+
+func (b *multiBackend) Len() (int, error) {
+	// rn consists of only nil entries but has the correct length
+	rn, err := b.load(false)
+	return len(rn), err
+}
+
+func (b *multiBackend) close() error {
+	b.lock.Lock()
+	defer b.lock.Unlock()
+
+	err := b.lockfile.Close()
+	if err == nil || errors.Is(err, os.ErrInvalid) || errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// NewMulti returns an instance of the multi-file store.
+func NewMulti(runDir string) Store {
+	b := new(multiStore)
+	b.base = path.Join(runDir, "state")
+	b.backends = new(sync.Map)
+	return b
+}

internal/state/multi_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package state_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/state"
+)
+
+func TestMulti(t *testing.T) {
+	testStore(t, state.NewMulti(t.TempDir()))
+}

internal/state/print.go

@@ -1,62 +1,45 @@
 package state
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
-	"path"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"text/tabwriter"
 	"time"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.gensokyo.uk/security/fortify/internal/system"
 )
 
 // MustPrintLauncherStateSimpleGlobal prints active launcher states of all simple stores
 // in an implementation-specific way.
 func MustPrintLauncherStateSimpleGlobal(w **tabwriter.Writer, runDir string) {
 	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	s := NewMulti(runDir)
 
 	// read runtime directory to get all UIDs
-	if dirs, err := os.ReadDir(path.Join(runDir, "state")); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+	if aids, err := s.List(); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("cannot read runtime directory:", err)
+		fmsg.Fatal("cannot list store:", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
 	} else {
-		for _, e := range dirs {
+		for _, aid := range aids {
-			// skip non-directories
-			if !e.IsDir() {
-				verbose.Println("skipped non-directory entry", e.Name())
-				continue
-			}
-
-			// skip non-numerical names
-			if _, err = strconv.Atoi(e.Name()); err != nil {
-				verbose.Println("skipped non-uid entry", e.Name())
-				continue
-			}
-
-			// obtain temporary store
-			s := NewSimple(runDir, e.Name()).(*simpleStore)
-
 			// print states belonging to this store
-			s.mustPrintLauncherState(w, now)
+			s.(*multiStore).mustPrintLauncherState(aid, w, now)
+		}
+	}
 
 	// mustPrintLauncherState causes store activity so store needs to be closed
-			if err = s.Close(); err != nil {
+	if err := s.Close(); err != nil {
-				fmt.Printf("warn: error closing store for user %s: %s\n", e.Name(), err)
+		fmsg.Printf("cannot close store: %v", err)
-			}
-		}
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *simpleStore) mustPrintLauncherState(w **tabwriter.Writer, now time.Time) {
+func (s *multiStore) mustPrintLauncherState(aid int, w **tabwriter.Writer, now time.Time) {
 	var innerErr error
 
-	if ok, err := s.Do(func(b Backend) {
+	if ok, err := s.Do(aid, func(c Cursor) {
 		innerErr = func() error {
 			// read launcher states
-			states, err := b.Load()
+			states, err := c.Load()
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -66,11 +49,11 @@ func (s *simpleStore) mustPrintLauncherState(w **tabwriter.Writer, now time.Time
 				*w = tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 0, 1, 4, ' ', 0)
 
 				// write header when initialising
-				if !verbose.Get() {
+				if !fmsg.Verbose() {
-					_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(*w, "\tUID\tPID\tUptime\tEnablements\tLauncher\tCommand")
+					_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(*w, "\tPID\tApp\tUptime\tEnablements\tCommand")
 				} else {
 					// argv is emitted in body when verbose
-					_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(*w, "\tUID\tPID\tArgv")
+					_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(*w, "\tPID\tApp\tArgv")
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -82,42 +65,54 @@ func (s *simpleStore) mustPrintLauncherState(w **tabwriter.Writer, now time.Time
 					continue
 				}
 
-				// build enablements string
+				// build enablements and command string
-				ets := strings.Builder{}
+				var (
+					ets *strings.Builder
+					cs  = "(No command information)"
+				)
+
+				// check if enablements are provided
+				if state.Config != nil {
+					ets = new(strings.Builder)
 					// append enablement strings in order
-				for i := Enablement(0); i < EnableLength; i++ {
+					for i := system.Enablement(0); i < system.Enablement(system.ELen); i++ {
-					if state.Capability.Has(i) {
+						if state.Config.Confinement.Enablements.Has(i) {
 							ets.WriteString(", " + i.String())
 						}
 					}
-				// prevent an empty string when
+
+					cs = fmt.Sprintf("%q", state.Config.Command)
+				}
+				if ets != nil {
+					// prevent an empty string
 					if ets.Len() == 0 {
 						ets.WriteString("(No enablements)")
 					}
+				} else {
+					ets = new(strings.Builder)
+					ets.WriteString("(No confinement information)")
+				}
 
-				if !verbose.Get() {
+				if !fmsg.Verbose() {
-					_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(*w, "\t%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
+					_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(*w, "\t%d\t%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
-						s.path[len(s.path)-1], state.PID, now.Sub(state.Time).Round(time.Second).String(), strings.TrimPrefix(ets.String(), ", "), state.Launcher,
+						state.PID, aid, now.Sub(state.Time).Round(time.Second).String(), strings.TrimPrefix(ets.String(), ", "), cs)
-						state.Command)
 				} else {
 					// emit argv instead when verbose
-					_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(*w, "\t%s\t%d\t%s\n",
+					_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(*w, "\t%d\t%d\t%s\n",
-						s.path[len(s.path)-1], state.PID, state.Argv)
+						state.PID, aid, state.ID)
 				}
 			}
 
 			return nil
 		}()
 	}); err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("cannot perform action on store '%s': %s\n", path.Join(s.path...), err)
+		fmsg.Printf("cannot perform action on app %d: %v", aid, err)
 		if !ok {
-			fmt.Println("warn: store faulted before printing")
+			fmsg.Fatal("store faulted before printing")
-			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 	}
 
 	if innerErr != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("cannot print launcher state for store '%s': %s\n", path.Join(s.path...), innerErr)
+		fmsg.Fatalf("cannot print launcher state of app %d: %s", aid, innerErr)
-		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 }