apps can detect device model and OS
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@ -275,6 +275,13 @@
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remove a legacy form of access to the serial number by legacy apps, which was still
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around for compatibility.</p>
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<p>Apps can determine the model of the device (such as it being a Pixel 3) either
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directly or indirectly through the properties of the hardware and software. There
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isn't a way to avoid this short of the OS supporting running apps in a virtual machine
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with limited functionality and hardware acceleration. Hiding the CPU/SoC model would
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require not even using basic hardware virtualization support and these things could
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probably still be detected via performance measurements.</p>
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<h3 id="non-hardware-identifiers">
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<a href="#non-hardware-identifiers">What about non-hardware identifiers?</a>
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</h3>
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@ -282,13 +289,15 @@
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<p>In addition to not having a way to identify the hardware, apps cannot directly
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identify the installation of the OS on the hardware. Apps only have a small portion of
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the OS configuration exposed to them and there is not much for device owners to change
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which could identify their installation. Apps can identify their own app installation
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via their app data and can directly (until that's removed) or indirectly identify a
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profile. Profiles should be used when separate identities are desired. Profiles can be
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used as temporary ephemeral identifies by creating them for a specific need and then
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deleting them. The rest of this answer only provides more technical details, so you
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can stop reading here if you only want an overview and actionable advice (i.e. use
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profiles as identities not inherently tied to each other).</p>
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which could identify their installation. Apps can detect that they're being run on
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GrapheneOS via the privacy and security features placing further restrictions on them
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and hardening them against further exploitation. Apps can identify their own app
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installation via their app data and can directly (until that's removed) or indirectly
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identify a profile. Profiles should be used when separate identities are desired.
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Profiles can be used as temporary ephemeral identifies by creating them for a specific
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need and then deleting them. The rest of this answer only provides more technical
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details, so you can stop reading here if you only want an overview and actionable
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advice (i.e. use profiles as identities not inherently tied to each other).</p>
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<p>Apps can generate their own 128-bit or larger random value and use that as an
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identifier for the app installation. Apps can create data in their app-specific
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