459 lines
27 KiB
HTML
459 lines
27 KiB
HTML
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<nav id="site-menu">
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<ul>
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<li><a href="/"><img src="{{path|/mask-icon.svg}}" alt=""/>GrapheneOS</a></li>
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<li><a href="/features">Features</a></li>
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<li><a href="/install/">Install</a></li>
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<li><a href="/build">Build</a></li>
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<li><a href="/usage">Usage</a></li>
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<li><a href="/faq">FAQ</a></li>
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<li><a href="/articles/">Articles</a></li>
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<li><a href="/contact">Contact</a></li>
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</header>
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<main id="web-install">
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<h1><a href="#web-install">Web installer</a></h1>
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<p>This is the WebUSB-based installer for GrapheneOS and is the recommended approach
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for most users. The <a href="/install/cli">command-line installation guide</a> is the
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more traditional approach to installing GrapheneOS.</p>
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<p>If you have trouble with the installation process, ask for help on the
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<a href="/contact#community">official GrapheneOS chat channel</a>. There are almost
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always people around willing to help with it. Before asking for help, make an attempt
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to follow the guide on your own and then ask for help with anything you get stuck
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on.</p>
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<nav id="table-of-contents">
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<h2><a href="#table-of-contents">Table of contents</a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
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<li><a href="#enabling-oem-unlocking">Enabling OEM unlocking</a></li>
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<li><a href="#flashing-as-non-root">Flashing as non-root</a></li>
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<li><a href="#booting-into-the-bootloader-interface">Booting into the bootloader interface</a></li>
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<li><a href="#connecting-phone">Connecting the phone</a></li>
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<li><a href="#unlocking-the-bootloader">Unlocking the bootloader</a></li>
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<li><a href="#obtaining-factory-images">Obtaining factory images</a></li>
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<li><a href="#flashing-factory-images">Flashing factory images</a></li>
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<li><a href="#locking-the-bootloader">Locking the bootloader</a></li>
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<li>
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<a href="#post-installation">Post-installation</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#booting">Booting</a></li>
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<li><a href="#disabling-oem-unlocking">Disabling OEM unlocking</a></li>
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<li>
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<a href="#verifying-installation">Verifying installation</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#verified-boot-key-hash">Verified boot key hash</a></li>
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<li><a href="#hardware-based-attestation">Hardware-based attestation</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#replacing-grapheneos-with-the-stock-os">Replacing GrapheneOS with the stock OS</a></li>
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<li><a href="#further-information">Further information</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<section id="prerequisites">
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<h2><a href="#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></h2>
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<p>You should have at least 2GB of free memory available and 32GB of free storage
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space.</p>
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<p>You need a USB cable for attaching the device to a laptop or desktop. Whenever
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possible, use the high quality standards compliant USB-C cable packaged with the
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device. If your computer doesn't have any USB-C ports, you'll need a high quality
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USB-C to USB-A cable. You should avoid using a USB hub such as the front panel on
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a desktop computer case. Connect directly to a rear port on a desktop or the ports
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on a laptop. Many widely distributed USB cables and hubs are broken and are the
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most common source of issues for installing GrapheneOS.</p>
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<p>Installing from an OS in a virtual machine is not recommended. USB passthrough
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is often not reliable. To rule out these problems, install from an OS running on
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bare metal. Virtual machines are also often configured to have overly limited
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memory and storage space.</p>
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<p>Officially supported operating systems for the web install method:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Windows 10</li>
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<li>Windows 11</li>
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<li>macOS Catalina (10.15)</li>
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<li>macOS Big Sur (11)</li>
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<li>macOS Monterey (12)</li>
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<!--<li>macOS Ventura (13)</li>-->
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<li>Arch Linux</li>
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<li>Debian 10 (buster)</li>
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<li>Debian 11 (bullseye)</li>
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<li>Ubuntu 20.04 LTS</li>
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<li>Ubuntu 22.04 LTS</li>
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<!--<li>Ubuntu 22.10</li>-->
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<li>ChromeOS</li>
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<li>GrapheneOS</li>
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<li>Google Android (stock Pixel OS) and other certified Android variants</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Make sure your operating system is up-to-date before proceeding.</p>
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<p>Officially supported browsers for the web install method:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Chromium (outside Ubuntu, since they ship a broken Snap package without working WebUSB)</li>
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<li>Vanadium (GrapheneOS)</li>
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<li>Google Chrome</li>
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<li>Microsoft Edge</li>
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<li>Brave</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Make sure your browser is up-to-date before proceeding.</p>
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<p>Do not use Incognito or other private browsing modes. These modes usually
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prevent the web installer from having enough storage space to extract the
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downloaded release.</p>
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<p>You need one of the officially supported devices. To make sure that the device can
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be unlocked to install GrapheneOS, avoid carrier variants of the devices. Carrier
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variants of Pixels use the same stock OS and firmware with a non-zero carrier id
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flashed onto the persist partition in the factory. The carrier id activates
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carrier-specific configuration in the stock OS including disabling carrier and
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bootloader unlocking. The carrier may be able to remotely disable this, but their
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support staff may not be aware and they probably won't do it. Get a carrier agnostic
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device to avoid the risk and potential hassle. If you CAN figure out a way to unlock a
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carrier device, it isn't a problem as GrapheneOS can just ignore the carrier id
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and the hardware is the same.</p>
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<p>It's best practice to update the device before installing GrapheneOS to have
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the latest firmware for connecting the phone to the computer and performing the
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early flashing process. Either way, GrapheneOS flashes the latest firmware early
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in the installation process.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="enabling-oem-unlocking">
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<h2><a href="#enabling-oem-unlocking">Enabling OEM unlocking</a></h2>
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<p>OEM unlocking needs to be enabled from within the operating system.</p>
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<p>Enable the developer options menu by going to Settings ➔ About phone and
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repeatedly pressing the build number menu entry until developer mode is
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enabled.</p>
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<p>Next, go to Settings ➔ System ➔ Developer options and toggle on the 'OEM
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unlocking' setting. On device model variants (SKUs) which support being sold as
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locked devices by carriers, enabling 'OEM unlocking' requires internet access so
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that the stock OS can check if the device was sold as locked by a carrier.</p>
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<p>For the Pixel 6a, OEM unlocking won't work with the version of the stock OS
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from the factory. You need to update it to the June 2022 release or later via an
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over-the-air update. After, you've updated it you'll also need to factory reset
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the device to fix OEM unlocking.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="flashing-as-non-root">
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<h2><a href="#flashing-as-non-root">Flashing as non-root</a></h2>
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<p>On traditional Linux distributions, USB devices cannot be used as non-root
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without udev rules for each type of device. This is not an issue for other
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platforms.</p>
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<p>On Arch Linux, install the <code>android-udev</code> package. On Debian and
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Ubuntu, install the <code>android-sdk-platform-tools-common</code> package.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="booting-into-the-bootloader-interface">
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<h2><a href="#booting-into-the-bootloader-interface">Booting into the bootloader interface</a></h2>
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<p>You need to boot your phone into the bootloader interface. To do this, you need
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to hold the volume down button while the phone boots.</p>
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<p>The easiest approach is to reboot the phone and begin holding the volume down
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button until it boots up into the bootloader interface.</p>
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<p>Alternatively, turn off the phone, then boot it up while holding the volume
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down button during the boot process. You can either boot it with the power button
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or by plugging it in as required in the next section.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="connecting-phone">
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<h2><a href="#connecting-phone">Connecting the phone</a></h2>
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<p>Connect the phone to the computer. On Linux, you'll need to do this again if
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you didn't have the udev rules set up when you connected it.</p>
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<p>On Windows, you need to install a driver for fastboot if you don't already have
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it. No driver is needed on other operating systems. You can obtain the driver from
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Windows Update which will detect it as an optional update when the device is
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booted into the bootloader interface and connected to the computer. Open Windows
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Update, run a check for updates and then open the "View optional updates"
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interface. Install the driver for the Android bootloader interface as an optional
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update.</p>
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<p>An alternative approach to obtaining the Windows fastboot driver is to obtain
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the <a href="https://developer.android.com/studio/run/win-usb">latest driver for
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Pixels</a> from Google and then
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<a href="https://developer.android.com/studio/run/oem-usb#InstallingDriver">manually
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install it with the Windows Device Manager</a>.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="unlocking-the-bootloader">
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<h2><a href="#unlocking-the-bootloader">Unlocking the bootloader</a></h2>
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<p>Unlock the bootloader to allow flashing the OS and firmware:</p>
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<button id="unlock-bootloader-button" disabled="">Unlock bootloader</button>
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<p>The command needs to be confirmed on the device and will wipe all data. Use one
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of the volume keys to switch the selection to accepting it and the power button to
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confirm.</p>
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<p><strong id="unlock-bootloader-status"></strong></p>
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</section>
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<section id="obtaining-factory-images">
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<h2><a href="#obtaining-factory-images">Obtaining factory images</a></h2>
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<p>You need to obtain the GrapheneOS factory images for your device to proceed with
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the installation process.</p>
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<p>Press the button below to start the download:</p>
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<button id="download-release-button" disabled="">Download release</button>
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<p id="download-release-status-container" hidden="hidden">
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<strong id="download-release-status"></strong>
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<br/>
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<progress id="download-release-progress" hidden="hidden" max="1" value="0"></progress>
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</p>
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</section>
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<section id="flashing-factory-images">
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<h2><a href="#flashing-factory-images">Flashing factory images</a></h2>
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<p>The initial install will be performed by flashing the factory images. This will
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replace the existing OS installation and wipe all the existing data.</p>
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<button id="flash-release-button" disabled="">Flash release</button>
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<p>Wait for the flashing process to complete. It will automatically handle
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flashing the firmware, rebooting into the bootloader interface, flashing the core
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OS, rebooting into the userspace fastboot mode, flashing the rest of the OS and
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finally rebooting back into the bootloader interface. Avoid interacting with the
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device until the flashing script is finished and the device is back at the
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bootloader interface. Then, proceed to <a href="#locking-the-bootloader">locking
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the bootloader</a> before using the device as locking wipes the data again.</p>
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<p id="flash-release-status-container" hidden="hidden">
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<strong id="flash-release-status"></strong>
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<br/>
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<!-- These appear as part of the status, one at a time -->
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<progress id="flash-release-progress" hidden="hidden" max="1" value="0"></progress>
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<button id="flash-reconnect-button" hidden="hidden"><strong>Reconnect device</strong></button>
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</p>
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</section>
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<section id="locking-the-bootloader">
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<h2><a href="#locking-the-bootloader">Locking the bootloader</a></h2>
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<p>Locking the bootloader is important as it enables full verified boot. It also
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prevents using fastboot to flash, format or erase partitions. Verified boot will
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detect modifications to any of the OS partitions and it will prevent reading any
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modified / corrupted data. If changes are detected, error correction data is used
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to attempt to obtain the original data at which point it's verified again which
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makes verified boot robust to non-malicious corruption.</p>
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<p>In the bootloader interface, set it to locked:</p>
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<button id="lock-bootloader-button" disabled="">Lock bootloader</button>
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<p>The command needs to be confirmed on the device and will wipe all data. Use one
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of the volume buttons to switch the selection to accepting it and the power button
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to confirm.</p>
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<p><strong id="lock-bootloader-status"></strong></p>
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</section>
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<section id="post-installation">
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<h2><a href="#post-installation">Post-installation</a></h2>
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<section id="booting">
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<h3><a href="#booting">Booting</a></h3>
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<p>You've now successfully installed GrapheneOS and can boot it. Pressing the
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power button with the default Start option selected in the bootloader
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interface will boot the OS.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="disabling-oem-unlocking">
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<h3><a href="#disabling-oem-unlocking">Disabling OEM unlocking</a></h3>
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<p>OEM unlocking can be disabled again in the developer settings menu within the
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operating system after booting it up again.</p>
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<p>After disabling OEM unlocking, we recommend disabling developer options as
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a whole for a device that's not being used for app or OS development.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="verifying-installation">
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<h3><a href="#verifying-installation">Verifying installation</a></h3>
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<p>The verified boot and attestation features provided by the supported
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devices can be used to verify that the hardware, firmware and GrapheneOS
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installation are genuine. Even if the computer you used to flash GrapheneOS
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was compromised and an attacker replaced GrapheneOS with their own malicious
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OS, it can be detected with these features.</p>
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<p>Verified boot verifies the entirety of the firmware and OS images on every
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boot. The public key for the firmware images is burned into fuses in the SoC
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at the factory. Firmware security updates can also update the rollback index
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burned into fuses to provide rollback protection.</p>
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<p>The final firmware boot stage before the OS is responsible for verifying
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it. For the stock OS, it uses a hard-wired public key. Installing GrapheneOS
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flashes the GrapheneOS verified boot public key to the secure element. Each
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boot, this key is loaded and used to verify the OS. For both the stock OS and
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GrapheneOS, a rollback index based on the security patch level is loaded from
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the secure element to provide rollback protection.</p>
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<section id="verified-boot-key-hash">
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<h3><a href="#verified-boot-key-hash">Verified boot key hash</a></h3>
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<p>When loading an alternate OS, the device shows a yellow notice on boot
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with the ID of the alternate OS based on the sha256 of the verified boot
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public key. 4th and 5th generation Pixels only show the first 32 bits of
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the hash so you can't use this approach. 6th generation Pixels show the
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full hash and you can compare it against the official GrapheneOS verified
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boot hashes below:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Pixel 6a: <code>08c860350a9600692d10c8512f7b8e80707757468e8fbfeea2a870c0a83d6031</code></li>
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<li>Pixel 6 Pro: <code>439b76524d94c40652ce1bf0d8243773c634d2f99ba3160d8d02aa5e29ff925c</code></li>
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<li>Pixel 6: <code>f0a890375d1405e62ebfd87e8d3f475f948ef031bbf9ddd516d5f600a23677e8</code></li>
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</ul>
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<p>Checking this is useful after installation, but you don't need to check
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it manually for verified boot to work. The verified boot public key
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flashed to the secure element can only be changed when the device is
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unlocked. Unlocking the device performs the same wiping of the secure
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element as a factory reset and prevents data from being recovered even if
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the SSD was cloned and your passphrase(s) are obtained because the
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encryption keys can no longer be derived anymore. The verified boot key is
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also one of the inputs for deriving the encryption keys in addition to the
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user's lock method(s) and random token(s) on the secure element.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="hardware-based-attestation">
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<h3><a href="#hardware-based-attestation">Hardware-based attestation</a></h3>
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<p>GrapheneOS provides our Auditor app for using a combination of the
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verified boot and attestation features to verify that the hardware,
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firmware and operating system are genuine along with providing other
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useful data from the hardware and operating system.</p>
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<p>Since the purpose of Auditor is to obtain information about the device
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without trusting it to be honest, results aren't shown on the device being
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verified. You need a 2nd Android device running Auditor for local QR code
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based verification. You can also use our optional device integrity
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monitoring service for automatic scheduled verifications with support for
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email alerts.</p>
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<p>See the <a href="https://attestation.app/tutorial">Auditor tutorial</a>
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for a guide.</p>
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<p>Auditor is primarily based on a pairing model where it generates a
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hardware backed signing key and hardware backed attestation signing key
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and pins them as part of the initial verification. The first verification
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is bootstrapped based on chaining trust to one of the Android attestation
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roots. After the first verification, it provides a highly secure system
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for obtaining information about the device going forward. An attacker
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could bypass the initial verification with a leaked attestation key or by
|
|
proxying to another device with the device model, OS and patch level that
|
|
the user is expecting. Proxying to another device will be addressed in the
|
|
future with optional support for the hardware serial number attestation
|
|
feature.</p>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section id="replacing-grapheneos-with-the-stock-os">
|
|
<h3><a href="#replacing-grapheneos-with-the-stock-os">Replacing GrapheneOS with the stock OS</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Installation of the stock OS via the stock factory images is similar to the
|
|
process described above but with
|
|
<a href="https://flash.android.com/back-to-public">Google's web flashing
|
|
tool</a>. However, before flashing and locking, there's an additional step to
|
|
fully revert the device to a clean factory state.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The GrapheneOS factory images flash a non-stock Android Verified Boot key which
|
|
needs to be erased to fully revert back to a stock device state. Before flashing the
|
|
stock factory images and before locking the bootloader, you should erase the custom
|
|
Android Verified Boot key to untrust it:</p>
|
|
|
|
<button id="remove-custom-key-button" disabled="">Remove non-stock key</button>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong id="remove-custom-key-status"></strong></p>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section id="further-information">
|
|
<h3><a href="#further-information">Further information</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Please look through the <a href="/usage">usage guide</a> and
|
|
<a href="/faq">FAQ</a> for more information. If you have further questions not
|
|
covered by the site, join the <a href="/contact#community">official GrapheneOS
|
|
chat channels</a> and ask the questions in the appropriate channel.</p>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</main>
|
|
<footer>
|
|
<a href="/"><img src="{{path|/mask-icon.svg}}" width="512" height="512" alt=""/>GrapheneOS</a>
|
|
<ul id="social">
|
|
<li><a href="https://discuss.grapheneos.org/">Forum</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/GrapheneOS">Twitter</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://github.com/GrapheneOS">GitHub</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://reddit.com/r/GrapheneOS">Reddit</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/grapheneos/">LinkedIn</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</footer>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|