release: 0.1.3

Signed-off-by: Ophestra <cat@gensokyo.uk>

.gitea/workflows/test.yml

@@ -73,20 +73,20 @@ jobs:
           path: result/*
           retention-days: 1
 
-  planterette:
+  hpkg:
-    name: Planterette
+    name: Hpkg
     runs-on: nix
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Run NixOS test
-        run: nix build --out-link "result" --print-out-paths --print-build-logs .#checks.x86_64-linux.planterette
+        run: nix build --out-link "result" --print-out-paths --print-build-logs .#checks.x86_64-linux.hpkg
 
       - name: Upload test output
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
-          name: "planterette-vm-output"
+          name: "hpkg-vm-output"
           path: result/*
           retention-days: 1
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ jobs:
       - race
       - sandbox
       - sandbox-race
-      - planterette
+      - hpkg
     runs-on: nix
     steps:
       - name: Checkout

README.md

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
 </p>
 
 Hakurei is a tool for running sandboxed graphical applications as dedicated subordinate users on the Linux kernel.
-It also implements [planterette (WIP)](cmd/planterette), a self-contained Android-like package manager with modern security features.
+It implements the application container of [planterette (WIP)](https://git.gensokyo.uk/security/planterette),
+a self-contained Android-like package manager with modern security features.
 
 ## NixOS Module usage
 

cmd/hakurei/print.go

@@ -104,6 +104,10 @@ func printShowInstance(
 		}
 		t.Printf(" Flags:\t%s\n", strings.Join(flags, " "))
 
+		if container.AutoRoot != "" {
+			t.Printf(" Root:\t%s (%d)\n", container.AutoRoot, container.RootFlags)
+		}
+
 		etc := container.Etc
 		if etc == "" {
 			etc = "/etc"

cmd/hakurei/print_test.go

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ func Test_printShowInstance(t *testing.T) {
  Data:           /var/lib/hakurei/u0/org.chromium.Chromium
  Hostname:       localhost
  Flags:          userns devel net device tty mapuid autoetc
+ Root:           /var/lib/hakurei/base/org.debian (2)
  Etc:            /etc
  Cover:          /var/run/nscd
  Path:           /run/current-system/sw/bin/chromium
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ App
  Data:           /var/lib/hakurei/u0/org.chromium.Chromium
  Hostname:       localhost
  Flags:          userns devel net device tty mapuid autoetc
+ Root:           /var/lib/hakurei/base/org.debian (2)
  Etc:            /etc
  Cover:          /var/run/nscd
  Path:           /run/current-system/sw/bin/chromium
@@ -302,6 +304,8 @@ App
           "/run/user/150"
         ]
       ],
+      "auto_root": "/var/lib/hakurei/base/org.debian",
+      "root_flags": 2,
       "etc": "/etc",
       "auto_etc": true,
       "cover": [
@@ -430,6 +434,8 @@ App
         "/run/user/150"
       ]
     ],
+    "auto_root": "/var/lib/hakurei/base/org.debian",
+    "root_flags": 2,
     "etc": "/etc",
     "auto_etc": true,
     "cover": [
@@ -612,6 +618,8 @@ func Test_printPs(t *testing.T) {
             "/run/user/150"
           ]
         ],
+        "auto_root": "/var/lib/hakurei/base/org.debian",
+        "root_flags": 2,
         "etc": "/etc",
         "auto_etc": true,
         "cover": [

cmd/hpkg/main.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	hlog.Prepare("planterette")
+	hlog.Prepare("hpkg")
 	if err := os.Setenv("SHELL", shellPath); err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf("cannot set $SHELL: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func main() {
 		flagVerbose   bool
 		flagDropShell bool
 	)
-	c := command.New(os.Stderr, log.Printf, "planterette", func([]string) error { internal.InstallOutput(flagVerbose); return nil }).
+	c := command.New(os.Stderr, log.Printf, "hpkg", func([]string) error { internal.InstallOutput(flagVerbose); return nil }).
 		Flag(&flagVerbose, "v", command.BoolFlag(false), "Print debug messages to the console").
 		Flag(&flagDropShell, "s", command.BoolFlag(false), "Drop to a shell in place of next hakurei action")
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func main() {
 			}
 
 			/*
-				Look up paths to programs started by planterette.
+				Look up paths to programs started by hpkg.
 				This is done here to ease error handling as cleanup is not yet required.
 			*/
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ func main() {
 			*/
 
 			var workDir string
-			if p, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "planterette.*"); err != nil {
+			if p, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "hpkg.*"); err != nil {
 				log.Printf("cannot create temporary directory: %v", err)
 				return err
 			} else {

cmd/hpkg/test/default.nix

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ let
   buildPackage = self.buildPackage.${system};
 in
 nixosTest {
-  name = "planterette";
+  name = "hpkg";
   nodes.machine = {
     environment.etc = {
       "foot.pkg".source = callPackage ./foot.nix { inherit buildPackage; };

cmd/hpkg/test/test.py

@@ -79,15 +79,15 @@ print(machine.succeed("sudo -u alice -i hakurei version"))
 machine.wait_for_file("/run/user/1000/wayland-1")
 machine.wait_for_file("/tmp/sway-ipc.sock")
 
-# Prepare planterette directory:
+# Prepare hpkg directory:
 machine.succeed("install -dm 0700 -o alice -g users /var/lib/hakurei/1000")
 
-# Install planterette app:
+# Install hpkg app:
-swaymsg("exec planterette -v install /etc/foot.pkg && touch /tmp/planterette-install-ok")
+swaymsg("exec hpkg -v install /etc/foot.pkg && touch /tmp/hpkg-install-ok")
-machine.wait_for_file("/tmp/planterette-install-ok")
+machine.wait_for_file("/tmp/hpkg-install-ok")
 
 # Start app (foot) with Wayland enablement:
-swaymsg("exec planterette -v start org.codeberg.dnkl.foot")
+swaymsg("exec hpkg -v start org.codeberg.dnkl.foot")
 wait_for_window("hakurei@machine-foot")
 machine.send_chars("clear; wayland-info && touch /tmp/success-client\n")
 machine.wait_for_file("/tmp/hakurei.1000/tmpdir/2/success-client")

container/autoetc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package container
+
+import (
+	"encoding/gob"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+)
+
+func init() { gob.Register(new(AutoEtcOp)) }
+
+// Etc appends an [Op] that expands host /etc into a toplevel symlink mirror with /etc semantics.
+// This is not a generic setup op. It is implemented here to reduce ipc overhead.
+func (f *Ops) Etc(host, prefix string) *Ops {
+	e := &AutoEtcOp{prefix}
+	f.Mkdir("/etc", 0755)
+	f.Bind(host, e.hostPath(), 0)
+	*f = append(*f, e)
+	return f
+}
+
+type AutoEtcOp struct{ Prefix string }
+
+func (e *AutoEtcOp) early(*Params) error { return nil }
+func (e *AutoEtcOp) apply(*Params) error {
+	const target = sysrootPath + "/etc/"
+	rel := e.hostRel() + "/"
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(target, 0755); err != nil {
+		return wrapErrSelf(err)
+	}
+	if d, err := os.ReadDir(toSysroot(e.hostPath())); err != nil {
+		return wrapErrSelf(err)
+	} else {
+		for _, ent := range d {
+			n := ent.Name()
+			switch n {
+			case ".host":
+
+			case "passwd":
+			case "group":
+
+			case "mtab":
+				if err = os.Symlink("/proc/mounts", target+n); err != nil {
+					return wrapErrSelf(err)
+				}
+
+			default:
+				if err = os.Symlink(rel+n, target+n); err != nil {
+					return wrapErrSelf(err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+func (e *AutoEtcOp) hostPath() string { return "/etc/" + e.hostRel() }
+func (e *AutoEtcOp) hostRel() string  { return ".host/" + e.Prefix }
+
+func (e *AutoEtcOp) Is(op Op) bool {
+	ve, ok := op.(*AutoEtcOp)
+	return ok && ((e == nil && ve == nil) || (e != nil && ve != nil && *e == *ve))
+}
+func (*AutoEtcOp) prefix() string   { return "setting up" }
+func (e *AutoEtcOp) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("auto etc %s", e.Prefix) }

container/autoroot.go

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package container
+
+import (
+	"encoding/gob"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	. "syscall"
+)
+
+func init() { gob.Register(new(AutoRootOp)) }
+
+// Root appends an [Op] that expands a directory into a toplevel bind mount mirror on container root.
+// This is not a generic setup op. It is implemented here to reduce ipc overhead.
+func (f *Ops) Root(host, prefix string, flags int) *Ops {
+	*f = append(*f, &AutoRootOp{host, prefix, flags, nil})
+	return f
+}
+
+type AutoRootOp struct {
+	Host, Prefix string
+	// passed through to bindMount
+	Flags int
+
+	// obtained during early;
+	// these wrap the underlying Op because BindMountOp is relatively complex,
+	// so duplicating that code would be unwise
+	resolved []Op
+}
+
+func (r *AutoRootOp) early(params *Params) error {
+	if !path.IsAbs(r.Host) {
+		return msg.WrapErr(EBADE, fmt.Sprintf("path %q is not absolute", r.Host))
+	}
+
+	if d, err := os.ReadDir(r.Host); err != nil {
+		return wrapErrSelf(err)
+	} else {
+		r.resolved = make([]Op, 0, len(d))
+		for _, ent := range d {
+			name := ent.Name()
+			if IsAutoRootBindable(name) {
+				op := &BindMountOp{
+					Source: path.Join(r.Host, name),
+					Target: "/" + name,
+					Flags:  r.Flags,
+				}
+				if err = op.early(params); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				r.resolved = append(r.resolved, op)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *AutoRootOp) apply(params *Params) error {
+	for _, op := range r.resolved {
+		msg.Verbosef("%s %s", op.prefix(), op)
+		if err := op.apply(params); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *AutoRootOp) Is(op Op) bool {
+	vr, ok := op.(*AutoRootOp)
+	return ok && ((r == nil && vr == nil) || (r != nil && vr != nil &&
+		r.Host == vr.Host && r.Prefix == vr.Prefix && r.Flags == vr.Flags))
+}
+func (*AutoRootOp) prefix() string { return "setting up" }
+func (r *AutoRootOp) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("auto root %q prefix %s flags %#x", r.Host, r.Prefix, r.Flags)
+}
+
+// IsAutoRootBindable returns whether a dir entry name is selected for AutoRoot.
+func IsAutoRootBindable(name string) bool {
+	switch name {
+	case "proc":
+	case "dev":
+	case "tmp":
+	case "mnt":
+	case "etc":
+
+	default:
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}

container/container_test.go

@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@ const (
 	ignore  = "\x00"
 	ignoreV = -1
 
-	pathWantMnt = "/etc/hakurei/want-mnt"
+	pathPrefix   = "/etc/hakurei/"
+	pathWantMnt  = pathPrefix + "want-mnt"
+	pathReadonly = pathPrefix + "readonly"
 )
 
 var containerTestCases = []struct {
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ var containerTestCases = []struct {
 	filter  bool
 	session bool
 	net     bool
+	ro      bool
 	ops     *container.Ops
 
 	mnt []*vfs.MountInfoEntry
@@ -46,26 +49,26 @@ var containerTestCases = []struct {
 	flags   seccomp.ExportFlag
 	presets seccomp.FilterPreset
 }{
-	{"minimal", true, false, false,
+	{"minimal", true, false, false, true,
 		new(container.Ops), nil,
 		1000, 100, nil, 0, seccomp.PresetStrict},
-	{"allow", true, true, true,
+	{"allow", true, true, true, false,
 		new(container.Ops), nil,
 		1000, 100, nil, 0, seccomp.PresetExt | seccomp.PresetDenyDevel},
-	{"no filter", false, true, true,
+	{"no filter", false, true, true, true,
 		new(container.Ops), nil,
 		1000, 100, nil, 0, seccomp.PresetExt},
-	{"custom rules", true, true, true,
+	{"custom rules", true, true, true, false,
 		new(container.Ops), nil,
 		1, 31, []seccomp.NativeRule{{seccomp.ScmpSyscall(syscall.SYS_SETUID), seccomp.ScmpErrno(syscall.EPERM), nil}}, 0, seccomp.PresetExt},
-	{"tmpfs", true, false, false,
+	{"tmpfs", true, false, false, true,
 		new(container.Ops).
 			Tmpfs(hst.Tmp, 0, 0755),
 		[]*vfs.MountInfoEntry{
-			ent("/", hst.Tmp, "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime", "tmpfs", "tmpfs", ignore),
+			ent("/", hst.Tmp, "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime", "tmpfs", "ephemeral", ignore),
 		},
 		9, 9, nil, 0, seccomp.PresetStrict},
-	{"dev", true, true /* go test output is not a tty */, false,
+	{"dev", true, true /* go test output is not a tty */, false, false,
 		new(container.Ops).
 			Dev("/dev").
 			Mqueue("/dev/mqueue"),
@@ -140,6 +143,7 @@ func TestContainer(t *testing.T) {
 			c.HostNet = tc.net
 
 			c.
+				Readonly(pathReadonly, 0755).
 				Tmpfs("/tmp", 0, 0755).
 				Place("/etc/hostname", []byte(c.Hostname))
 			// needs /proc to check mountinfo
@@ -158,8 +162,10 @@ func TestContainer(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			mnt = append(mnt, tc.mnt...)
 			mnt = append(mnt,
+				// Readonly(pathReadonly, 0755)
+				ent("/", pathReadonly, "ro,nosuid,nodev", "tmpfs", "readonly", ignore),
 				// Tmpfs("/tmp", 0, 0755)
-				ent("/", "/tmp", "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime", "tmpfs", "tmpfs", ignore),
+				ent("/", "/tmp", "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime", "tmpfs", "ephemeral", ignore),
 				// Place("/etc/hostname", []byte(hostname))
 				ent(ignore, "/etc/hostname", "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime", "tmpfs", "rootfs", ignore),
 				// Proc("/proc")
@@ -173,6 +179,10 @@ func TestContainer(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			c.Place(pathWantMnt, want.Bytes())
 
+			if tc.ro {
+				c.Remount("/", syscall.MS_RDONLY)
+			}
+
 			if err := c.Start(); err != nil {
 				hlog.PrintBaseError(err, "start:")
 				t.Fatalf("cannot start container: %v", err)
@@ -309,6 +319,10 @@ func init() {
 				return fmt.Errorf("/etc/hostname: %q, want %q", string(p), wantHost)
 			}
 
+			if _, err := os.Create(pathReadonly + "/nonexistent"); !errors.Is(err, syscall.EROFS) {
+				return err
+			}
+
 			{
 				var fail bool
 
@@ -321,6 +335,11 @@ func init() {
 					return fmt.Errorf("cannot close expected mount points: %v", err)
 				}
 
+				if tc.ro && len(mnt) > 0 {
+					// Remount("/", syscall.MS_RDONLY)
+					mnt[0].VfsOptstr = "ro,nosuid,nodev"
+				}
+
 				var d *vfs.MountInfoDecoder
 				if f, err := os.Open("/proc/self/mountinfo"); err != nil {
 					return fmt.Errorf("cannot open mountinfo: %v", err)

container/init.go

@@ -121,6 +121,10 @@ func Init(prepare func(prefix string), setVerbose func(verbose bool)) {
 		log.Fatalf("cannot make / rslave: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	/* early is called right before pivot_root into intermediate root;
+	this step is mostly for gathering information that would otherwise be difficult to obtain
+	via library functions after pivot_root, and implementations are expected to avoid changing
+	the state of the mount namespace */
 	for i, op := range *params.Ops {
 		if op == nil {
 			log.Fatalf("invalid op %d", i)
@@ -159,6 +163,10 @@ func Init(prepare func(prefix string), setVerbose func(verbose bool)) {
 		log.Fatalf("%v", err)
 	}
 
+	/* apply is called right after pivot_root and entering the new root;
+	this step sets up the container filesystem, and implementations are expected to keep the host root
+	and sysroot mount points intact but otherwise can do whatever they need to;
+	chdir is allowed but discouraged */
 	for i, op := range *params.Ops {
 		// ops already checked during early setup
 		msg.Verbosef("%s %s", op.prefix(), op)

container/mount.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"hakurei.app/container/vfs"
 )
 
+// bindMount mounts source on target and recursively applies flags if MS_REC is set.
 func (p *procPaths) bindMount(source, target string, flags uintptr, eq bool) error {
 	if eq {
 		msg.Verbosef("resolved %q flags %#x", target, flags)
@@ -22,6 +23,11 @@ func (p *procPaths) bindMount(source, target string, flags uintptr, eq bool) err
 			fmt.Sprintf("cannot mount %q on %q:", source, target))
 	}
 
+	return p.remount(target, flags)
+}
+
+// remount applies flags on target, recursively if MS_REC is set.
+func (p *procPaths) remount(target string, flags uintptr) error {
 	var targetFinal string
 	if v, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(target); err != nil {
 		return wrapErrSelf(err)
@@ -83,6 +89,7 @@ func (p *procPaths) bindMount(source, target string, flags uintptr, eq bool) err
 	})
 }
 
+// remountWithFlags remounts mount point described by [vfs.MountInfoNode].
 func remountWithFlags(n *vfs.MountInfoNode, mf uintptr) error {
 	kf, unmatched := n.Flags()
 	if len(unmatched) != 0 {
@@ -97,7 +104,7 @@ func remountWithFlags(n *vfs.MountInfoNode, mf uintptr) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func mountTmpfs(fsname, name string, size int, perm os.FileMode) error {
+func mountTmpfs(fsname, name string, flags uintptr, size int, perm os.FileMode) error {
 	target := toSysroot(name)
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(target, parentPerm(perm)); err != nil {
 		return wrapErrSelf(err)
@@ -107,7 +114,7 @@ func mountTmpfs(fsname, name string, size int, perm os.FileMode) error {
 		opt += fmt.Sprintf(",size=%d", size)
 	}
 	return wrapErrSuffix(
-		Mount(fsname, target, "tmpfs", MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV, opt),
+		Mount(fsname, target, "tmpfs", flags, opt),
 		fmt.Sprintf("cannot mount tmpfs on %q:", name))
 }
 

container/ops.go

@@ -33,6 +33,32 @@ type (
 // Grow grows the slice Ops points to using [slices.Grow].
 func (f *Ops) Grow(n int) { *f = slices.Grow(*f, n) }
 
+func init() { gob.Register(new(RemountOp)) }
+
+// Remount appends an [Op] that applies [RemountOp.Flags] on container path [RemountOp.Target].
+func (f *Ops) Remount(target string, flags uintptr) *Ops {
+	*f = append(*f, &RemountOp{target, flags})
+	return f
+}
+
+type RemountOp struct {
+	Target string
+	Flags  uintptr
+}
+
+func (*RemountOp) early(*Params) error { return nil }
+func (r *RemountOp) apply(*Params) error {
+	if !path.IsAbs(r.Target) {
+		return msg.WrapErr(EBADE, fmt.Sprintf("path %q is not absolute", r.Target))
+	}
+	return wrapErrSuffix(hostProc.remount(toSysroot(r.Target), r.Flags),
+		fmt.Sprintf("cannot remount %q:", r.Target))
+}
+
+func (r *RemountOp) Is(op Op) bool  { vr, ok := op.(*RemountOp); return ok && *r == *vr }
+func (*RemountOp) prefix() string   { return "remounting" }
+func (r *RemountOp) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%q flags %#x", r.Target, r.Flags) }
+
 func init() { gob.Register(new(BindMountOp)) }
 
 // Bind appends an [Op] that bind mounts host path [BindMountOp.Source] on container path [BindMountOp.Target].
@@ -118,7 +144,7 @@ func (b *BindMountOp) String() string {
 	if b.Source == b.Target {
 		return fmt.Sprintf("%q flags %#x", b.Source, b.Flags)
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%q on %q flags %#x", b.Source, b.Target, b.Flags&BindWritable)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%q on %q flags %#x", b.Source, b.Target, b.Flags)
 }
 
 func init() { gob.Register(new(MountProcOp)) }
@@ -170,7 +196,7 @@ func (d MountDevOp) apply(params *Params) error {
 	}
 	target := toSysroot(v)
 
-	if err := mountTmpfs("devtmpfs", v, 0, params.ParentPerm); err != nil {
+	if err := mountTmpfs("devtmpfs", v, MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV, 0, params.ParentPerm); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -280,14 +306,22 @@ func init() { gob.Register(new(MountTmpfsOp)) }
 
 // Tmpfs appends an [Op] that mounts tmpfs on container path [MountTmpfsOp.Path].
 func (f *Ops) Tmpfs(dest string, size int, perm os.FileMode) *Ops {
-	*f = append(*f, &MountTmpfsOp{dest, size, perm})
+	*f = append(*f, &MountTmpfsOp{"ephemeral", dest, MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV, size, perm})
+	return f
+}
+
+// Readonly appends an [Op] that mounts read-only tmpfs on container path [MountTmpfsOp.Path].
+func (f *Ops) Readonly(dest string, perm os.FileMode) *Ops {
+	*f = append(*f, &MountTmpfsOp{"readonly", dest, MS_RDONLY | MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV, 0, perm})
 	return f
 }
 
 type MountTmpfsOp struct {
-	Path string
+	FSName string
-	Size int
+	Path   string
-	Perm os.FileMode
+	Flags  uintptr
+	Size   int
+	Perm   os.FileMode
 }
 
 func (t *MountTmpfsOp) early(*Params) error { return nil }
@@ -298,7 +332,7 @@ func (t *MountTmpfsOp) apply(*Params) error {
 	if t.Size < 0 || t.Size > math.MaxUint>>1 {
 		return msg.WrapErr(EBADE, fmt.Sprintf("size %d out of bounds", t.Size))
 	}
-	return mountTmpfs("tmpfs", t.Path, t.Size, t.Perm)
+	return mountTmpfs(t.FSName, t.Path, t.Flags, t.Size, t.Perm)
 }
 
 func (t *MountTmpfsOp) Is(op Op) bool  { vt, ok := op.(*MountTmpfsOp); return ok && *t == *vt }
@@ -440,61 +474,3 @@ func (*TmpfileOp) prefix() string { return "placing" }
 func (t *TmpfileOp) String() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("tmpfile %q (%d bytes)", t.Path, len(t.Data))
 }
-
-func init() { gob.Register(new(AutoEtcOp)) }
-
-// Etc appends an [Op] that expands host /etc into a toplevel symlink mirror with /etc semantics.
-// This is not a generic setup op. It is implemented here to reduce ipc overhead.
-func (f *Ops) Etc(host, prefix string) *Ops {
-	e := &AutoEtcOp{prefix}
-	f.Mkdir("/etc", 0755)
-	f.Bind(host, e.hostPath(), 0)
-	*f = append(*f, e)
-	return f
-}
-
-type AutoEtcOp struct{ Prefix string }
-
-func (e *AutoEtcOp) early(*Params) error { return nil }
-func (e *AutoEtcOp) apply(*Params) error {
-	const target = sysrootPath + "/etc/"
-	rel := e.hostRel() + "/"
-
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(target, 0755); err != nil {
-		return wrapErrSelf(err)
-	}
-	if d, err := os.ReadDir(toSysroot(e.hostPath())); err != nil {
-		return wrapErrSelf(err)
-	} else {
-		for _, ent := range d {
-			n := ent.Name()
-			switch n {
-			case ".host":
-
-			case "passwd":
-			case "group":
-
-			case "mtab":
-				if err = os.Symlink("/proc/mounts", target+n); err != nil {
-					return wrapErrSelf(err)
-				}
-
-			default:
-				if err = os.Symlink(rel+n, target+n); err != nil {
-					return wrapErrSelf(err)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-func (e *AutoEtcOp) hostPath() string { return "/etc/" + e.hostRel() }
-func (e *AutoEtcOp) hostRel() string  { return ".host/" + e.Prefix }
-
-func (e *AutoEtcOp) Is(op Op) bool {
-	ve, ok := op.(*AutoEtcOp)
-	return ok && ((e == nil && ve == nil) || (e != nil && ve != nil && *e == *ve))
-}
-func (*AutoEtcOp) prefix() string   { return "setting up" }
-func (e *AutoEtcOp) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("auto etc %s", e.Prefix) }

dist/install.sh

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 cd "$(dirname -- "$0")" || exit 1
 
 install -vDm0755 "bin/hakurei" "${HAKUREI_INSTALL_PREFIX}/usr/bin/hakurei"
-install -vDm0755 "bin/planterette" "${HAKUREI_INSTALL_PREFIX}/usr/bin/planterette"
+install -vDm0755 "bin/hpkg" "${HAKUREI_INSTALL_PREFIX}/usr/bin/hpkg"
 
 install -vDm6511 "bin/hsu" "${HAKUREI_INSTALL_PREFIX}/usr/bin/hsu"
 if [ ! -f "${HAKUREI_INSTALL_PREFIX}/etc/hsurc" ]; then

flake.nix

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
       buildPackage = forAllSystems (
         system:
         nixpkgsFor.${system}.callPackage (
-          import ./cmd/planterette/build.nix {
+          import ./cmd/hpkg/build.nix {
             inherit
               nixpkgsFor
               system
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
             withRace = true;
           };
 
-          planterette = callPackage ./cmd/planterette/test { inherit system self; };
+          hpkg = callPackage ./cmd/hpkg/test { inherit system self; };
 
           formatting = runCommandLocal "check-formatting" { nativeBuildInputs = [ nixfmt-rfc-style ]; } ''
             cd ${./.}
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
               glibc
               xdg-dbus-proxy
 
-              # planterette
+              # hpkg
               zstd
               gnutar
               coreutils

hst/container.go

@@ -6,6 +6,20 @@ import (
 	"hakurei.app/container/seccomp"
 )
 
+const (
+	// SourceTmpfs causes tmpfs to be mounted on [FilesystemConfig.Dst]
+	// when assigned to [FilesystemConfig.Src].
+	SourceTmpfs = "tmpfs"
+
+	// TmpfsPerm is the permission bits for tmpfs mount points
+	// configured through [FilesystemConfig].
+	TmpfsPerm = 0755
+
+	// TmpfsSize is the size for tmpfs mount points
+	// configured through [FilesystemConfig].
+	TmpfsSize = 0
+)
+
 type (
 	// ContainerConfig describes the container configuration baseline to which the app implementation adds upon.
 	ContainerConfig struct {
@@ -45,10 +59,17 @@ type (
 		// create symlinks inside container filesystem
 		Link [][2]string `json:"symlink"`
 
+		// automatically bind mount top-level directories to container root;
+		// the zero value disables this behaviour
+		AutoRoot string `json:"auto_root,omitempty"`
+		// extra flags for AutoRoot
+		RootFlags int `json:"root_flags,omitempty"`
+
 		// read-only /etc directory
 		Etc string `json:"etc,omitempty"`
 		// automatically set up /etc symlinks
 		AutoEtc bool `json:"auto_etc"`
+
 		// cover these paths or create them if they do not already exist
 		Cover []string `json:"cover"`
 	}

hst/template.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package hst
 
 import (
+	"hakurei.app/container"
 	"hakurei.app/container/seccomp"
 	"hakurei.app/system"
 	"hakurei.app/system/dbus"
@@ -85,10 +86,12 @@ func Template() *Config {
 					Dst: "/data/data/org.chromium.Chromium", Write: true, Must: true},
 				{Src: "/dev/dri", Device: true},
 			},
-			Link:    [][2]string{{"/run/user/65534", "/run/user/150"}},
+			Link:      [][2]string{{"/run/user/65534", "/run/user/150"}},
-			Etc:     "/etc",
+			AutoRoot:  "/var/lib/hakurei/base/org.debian",
-			AutoEtc: true,
+			RootFlags: container.BindWritable,
-			Cover:   []string{"/var/run/nscd"},
+			Etc:       "/etc",
+			AutoEtc:   true,
+			Cover:     []string{"/var/run/nscd"},
 		},
 	}
 }

hst/template_test.go

@@ -126,6 +126,8 @@ func TestTemplate(t *testing.T) {
 				"/run/user/150"
 			]
 		],
+		"auto_root": "/var/lib/hakurei/base/org.debian",
+		"root_flags": 2,
 		"etc": "/etc",
 		"auto_etc": true,
 		"cover": [

internal/app/app_nixos_linux_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package app_test
 
 import (
+	"syscall"
+
 	"hakurei.app/container"
 	"hakurei.app/container/seccomp"
 	"hakurei.app/hst"
@@ -141,7 +143,8 @@ var testCasesNixos = []sealTestCase{
 				Place(hst.Tmp+"/pulse-cookie", nil).
 				Bind("/tmp/hakurei.1971/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/bus", "/run/user/1971/bus", 0).
 				Bind("/tmp/hakurei.1971/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/system_bus_socket", "/run/dbus/system_bus_socket", 0).
-				Tmpfs("/var/run/nscd", 8192, 0755),
+				Tmpfs("/var/run/nscd", 8192, 0755).
+				Remount("/", syscall.MS_RDONLY),
 			SeccompPresets: seccomp.PresetExt | seccomp.PresetDenyTTY | seccomp.PresetDenyDevel,
 			HostNet:        true,
 			ForwardCancel:  true,

internal/app/app_pd_linux_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package app_test
 
 import (
 	"os"
+	"syscall"
 
 	"hakurei.app/container"
 	"hakurei.app/container/seccomp"
@@ -42,22 +43,12 @@ var testCasesPd = []sealTestCase{
 				"XDG_SESSION_TYPE=tty",
 			},
 			Ops: new(container.Ops).
+				Root("/", "4a450b6596d7bc15bd01780eb9a607ac", container.BindWritable).
 				Proc("/proc").
 				Tmpfs(hst.Tmp, 4096, 0755).
 				Dev("/dev").Mqueue("/dev/mqueue").
-				Bind("/bin", "/bin", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/boot", "/boot", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/home", "/home", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/lib", "/lib", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/lib64", "/lib64", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/nix", "/nix", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/root", "/root", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/run", "/run", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/srv", "/srv", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/sys", "/sys", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/usr", "/usr", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/var", "/var", container.BindWritable).
 				Bind("/dev/kvm", "/dev/kvm", container.BindWritable|container.BindDevice|container.BindOptional).
+				Readonly("/var/run/nscd", 0755).
 				Tmpfs("/run/user/1971", 8192, 0755).
 				Tmpfs("/run/dbus", 8192, 0755).
 				Etc("/etc", "4a450b6596d7bc15bd01780eb9a607ac").
@@ -67,7 +58,7 @@ var testCasesPd = []sealTestCase{
 				Bind("/home/chronos", "/home/chronos", container.BindWritable).
 				Place("/etc/passwd", []byte("chronos:x:65534:65534:Hakurei:/home/chronos:/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh\n")).
 				Place("/etc/group", []byte("hakurei:x:65534:\n")).
-				Tmpfs("/var/run/nscd", 8192, 0755),
+				Remount("/", syscall.MS_RDONLY),
 			SeccompPresets: seccomp.PresetExt | seccomp.PresetDenyDevel,
 			HostNet:        true,
 			RetainSession:  true,
@@ -186,23 +177,13 @@ var testCasesPd = []sealTestCase{
 				"XDG_SESSION_TYPE=tty",
 			},
 			Ops: new(container.Ops).
+				Root("/", "ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c", container.BindWritable).
 				Proc("/proc").
 				Tmpfs(hst.Tmp, 4096, 0755).
 				Dev("/dev").Mqueue("/dev/mqueue").
-				Bind("/bin", "/bin", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/boot", "/boot", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/home", "/home", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/lib", "/lib", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/lib64", "/lib64", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/nix", "/nix", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/root", "/root", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/run", "/run", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/srv", "/srv", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/sys", "/sys", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/usr", "/usr", container.BindWritable).
-				Bind("/var", "/var", container.BindWritable).
 				Bind("/dev/dri", "/dev/dri", container.BindWritable|container.BindDevice|container.BindOptional).
 				Bind("/dev/kvm", "/dev/kvm", container.BindWritable|container.BindDevice|container.BindOptional).
+				Readonly("/var/run/nscd", 0755).
 				Tmpfs("/run/user/1971", 8192, 0755).
 				Tmpfs("/run/dbus", 8192, 0755).
 				Etc("/etc", "ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c").
@@ -217,7 +198,7 @@ var testCasesPd = []sealTestCase{
 				Place(hst.Tmp+"/pulse-cookie", nil).
 				Bind("/tmp/hakurei.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/bus", "/run/user/65534/bus", 0).
 				Bind("/tmp/hakurei.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/system_bus_socket", "/run/dbus/system_bus_socket", 0).
-				Tmpfs("/var/run/nscd", 8192, 0755),
+				Remount("/", syscall.MS_RDONLY),
 			SeccompPresets: seccomp.PresetExt | seccomp.PresetDenyDevel,
 			HostNet:        true,
 			RetainSession:  true,

internal/app/container_linux.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"io/fs"
 	"maps"
 	"path"
+	"slices"
 	"syscall"
 
 	"hakurei.app/container"
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ const preallocateOpsCount = 1 << 5
 
 // newContainer initialises [container.Params] via [hst.ContainerConfig].
 // Note that remaining container setup must be queued by the caller.
-func newContainer(s *hst.ContainerConfig, os sys.State, uid, gid *int) (*container.Params, map[string]string, error) {
+func newContainer(s *hst.ContainerConfig, os sys.State, prefix string, uid, gid *int) (*container.Params, map[string]string, error) {
 	if s == nil {
 		return nil, nil, syscall.EBADE
 	}
@@ -72,6 +73,13 @@ func newContainer(s *hst.ContainerConfig, os sys.State, uid, gid *int) (*contain
 		*gid = container.OverflowGid()
 	}
 
+	if s.AutoRoot != "" {
+		if !path.IsAbs(s.AutoRoot) {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("auto root target %q not absolute", s.AutoRoot)
+		}
+		params.Root(s.AutoRoot, prefix, s.RootFlags)
+	}
+
 	params.
 		Proc("/proc").
 		Tmpfs(hst.Tmp, 1<<12, 0755)
@@ -120,12 +128,48 @@ func newContainer(s *hst.ContainerConfig, os sys.State, uid, gid *int) (*contain
 			return nil, nil, err
 		}
 	}
+	// evaluated path, input path
+	hidePathSource := make([][2]string, 0, len(s.Filesystem))
+
+	// AutoRoot is a collection of many BindMountOp internally
+	if s.AutoRoot != "" {
+		if d, err := os.ReadDir(s.AutoRoot); err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		} else {
+			hidePathSource = slices.Grow(hidePathSource, len(d))
+			for _, ent := range d {
+				name := ent.Name()
+				if container.IsAutoRootBindable(name) {
+					name = path.Join(s.AutoRoot, name)
+					srcP := [2]string{name, name}
+					if err = evalSymlinks(os, &srcP[0]); err != nil {
+						return nil, nil, err
+					}
+					hidePathSource = append(hidePathSource, srcP)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
 
 	for _, c := range s.Filesystem {
 		if c == nil {
 			continue
 		}
 
+		// special filesystems
+		switch c.Src {
+		case hst.SourceTmpfs:
+			if !path.IsAbs(c.Dst) {
+				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("tmpfs dst %q is not absolute", c.Dst)
+			}
+			if c.Write {
+				params.Tmpfs(c.Dst, hst.TmpfsSize, hst.TmpfsPerm)
+			} else {
+				params.Readonly(c.Dst, hst.TmpfsPerm)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
 		if !path.IsAbs(c.Src) {
 			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("src path %q is not absolute", c.Src)
 		}
@@ -137,24 +181,11 @@ func newContainer(s *hst.ContainerConfig, os sys.State, uid, gid *int) (*contain
 			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("dst path %q is not absolute", dest)
 		}
 
-		srcH := c.Src
+		p := [2]string{c.Src, c.Src}
-		if err := evalSymlinks(os, &srcH); err != nil {
+		if err := evalSymlinks(os, &p[0]); err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, err
 		}
-
+		hidePathSource = append(hidePathSource, p)
-		for i := range hidePaths {
-			// skip matched entries
-			if hidePathMatch[i] {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if ok, err := deepContainsH(srcH, hidePaths[i]); err != nil {
-				return nil, nil, err
-			} else if ok {
-				hidePathMatch[i] = true
-				os.Printf("hiding paths from %q", c.Src)
-			}
-		}
 
 		var flags int
 		if c.Write {
@@ -169,6 +200,22 @@ func newContainer(s *hst.ContainerConfig, os sys.State, uid, gid *int) (*contain
 		params.Bind(c.Src, dest, flags)
 	}
 
+	for _, p := range hidePathSource {
+		for i := range hidePaths {
+			// skip matched entries
+			if hidePathMatch[i] {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if ok, err := deepContainsH(p[0], hidePaths[i]); err != nil {
+				return nil, nil, err
+			} else if ok {
+				hidePathMatch[i] = true
+				os.Printf("hiding path %q from %q", hidePaths[i], p[1])
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	// cover matched paths
 	for i, ok := range hidePathMatch {
 		if ok {
@@ -180,6 +227,18 @@ func newContainer(s *hst.ContainerConfig, os sys.State, uid, gid *int) (*contain
 		params.Link(l[0], l[1])
 	}
 
+	if !s.AutoEtc {
+		if s.Etc != "" {
+			params.Bind(s.Etc, "/etc", 0)
+		}
+	} else {
+		etcPath := s.Etc
+		if etcPath == "" {
+			etcPath = "/etc"
+		}
+		params.Etc(etcPath, prefix)
+	}
+
 	return params, maps.Clone(s.Env), nil
 }
 

internal/app/seal_linux.go

@@ -241,33 +241,11 @@ func (seal *outcome) finalise(ctx context.Context, sys sys.State, config *hst.Co
 			Net:     true,
 			Tty:     true,
 			AutoEtc: true,
-		}
-		// bind entries in /
-		if d, err := sys.ReadDir("/"); err != nil {
-			return err
-		} else {
-			b := make([]*hst.FilesystemConfig, 0, len(d))
-			for _, ent := range d {
-				p := "/" + ent.Name()
-				switch p {
-				case "/proc":
-				case "/dev":
-				case "/tmp":
-				case "/mnt":
-				case "/etc":
 
-				default:
+			AutoRoot:  "/",
-					b = append(b, &hst.FilesystemConfig{Src: p, Write: true, Must: true})
+			RootFlags: container.BindWritable,
-				}
-			}
-			conf.Filesystem = append(conf.Filesystem, b...)
 		}
 
-		// hide nscd from sandbox if present
-		nscd := "/var/run/nscd"
-		if _, err := sys.Stat(nscd); !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-			conf.Cover = append(conf.Cover, nscd)
-		}
 		// bind GPU stuff
 		if config.Enablements&(system.EX11|system.EWayland) != 0 {
 			conf.Filesystem = append(conf.Filesystem, &hst.FilesystemConfig{Src: "/dev/dri", Device: true})
@@ -275,6 +253,12 @@ func (seal *outcome) finalise(ctx context.Context, sys sys.State, config *hst.Co
 		// opportunistically bind kvm
 		conf.Filesystem = append(conf.Filesystem, &hst.FilesystemConfig{Src: "/dev/kvm", Device: true})
 
+		// hide nscd from container if present
+		const nscd = "/var/run/nscd"
+		if _, err := sys.Stat(nscd); !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+			conf.Filesystem = append(conf.Filesystem, &hst.FilesystemConfig{Dst: nscd, Src: hst.SourceTmpfs})
+		}
+
 		config.Container = conf
 	}
 
@@ -282,7 +266,7 @@ func (seal *outcome) finalise(ctx context.Context, sys sys.State, config *hst.Co
 	{
 		var uid, gid int
 		var err error
-		seal.container, seal.env, err = newContainer(config.Container, sys, &uid, &gid)
+		seal.container, seal.env, err = newContainer(config.Container, sys, seal.id.String(), &uid, &gid)
 		seal.waitDelay = config.Container.WaitDelay
 		if err != nil {
 			return hlog.WrapErrSuffix(err,
@@ -305,18 +289,6 @@ func (seal *outcome) finalise(ctx context.Context, sys sys.State, config *hst.Co
 		}
 	}
 
-	if !config.Container.AutoEtc {
-		if config.Container.Etc != "" {
-			seal.container.Bind(config.Container.Etc, "/etc", 0)
-		}
-	} else {
-		etcPath := config.Container.Etc
-		if etcPath == "" {
-			etcPath = "/etc"
-		}
-		seal.container.Etc(etcPath, seal.id.String())
-	}
-
 	// inner XDG_RUNTIME_DIR default formatting of `/run/user/%d` as mapped uid
 	innerRuntimeDir := path.Join("/run/user", mapuid.String())
 	seal.env[xdgRuntimeDir] = innerRuntimeDir
@@ -506,6 +478,9 @@ func (seal *outcome) finalise(ctx context.Context, sys sys.State, config *hst.Co
 		seal.container.Tmpfs(dest, 1<<13, 0755)
 	}
 
+	// mount root read-only as the final setup Op
+	seal.container.Remount("/", syscall.MS_RDONLY)
+
 	// append ExtraPerms last
 	for _, p := range config.ExtraPerms {
 		if p == nil {

nixos.nix

@@ -175,7 +175,6 @@ in
                         ++ optionals app.useCommonPaths cfg.commonPaths
                         ++ app.extraPaths;
                       auto_etc = true;
-                      cover = [ "/var/run/nscd" ];
 
                       symlink = [
                         [

package.nix

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
   wayland-scanner,
   xorg,
 
-  # for planterette
+  # for hpkg
   zstd,
   gnutar,
   coreutils,
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 
 buildGoModule rec {
   pname = "hakurei";
-  version = "0.1.2";
+  version = "0.1.3";
 
   srcFiltered = builtins.path {
     name = "${pname}-src";
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ buildGoModule rec {
       makeBinaryWrapper "$out/libexec/hakurei" "$out/bin/hakurei" \
         --inherit-argv0 --prefix PATH : ${lib.makeBinPath appPackages}
 
-      makeBinaryWrapper "$out/libexec/planterette" "$out/bin/planterette" \
+      makeBinaryWrapper "$out/libexec/hpkg" "$out/bin/hpkg" \
         --inherit-argv0 --prefix PATH : ${
           lib.makeBinPath (
             appPackages

test/configuration.nix

@@ -82,13 +82,18 @@
     jack.enable = true;
   };
 
-  virtualisation.qemu.options = [
+  virtualisation = {
-    # Need to switch to a different GPU driver than the default one (-vga std) so that Sway can launch:
+    # Hopefully reduces spurious test failures:
-    "-vga none -device virtio-gpu-pci"
+    memorySize = 4096;
 
-    # Increase Go test compiler performance:
+    qemu.options = [
-    "-smp 8"
+      # Need to switch to a different GPU driver than the default one (-vga std) so that Sway can launch:
-  ];
+      "-vga none -device virtio-gpu-pci"
+
+      # Increase Go test compiler performance:
+      "-smp 8"
+    ];
+  };
 
   environment.hakurei = {
     enable = true;

test/sandbox/case/default.nix

@@ -23,17 +23,21 @@ let
       ;
   };
 
+  importTestCase =
+    path:
+    import path {
+      inherit
+        fs
+        ent
+        ignore
+        system
+        ;
+    };
+
   callTestCase =
     path: identity:
     let
-      tc = import path {
+      tc = importTestCase path;
-        inherit
-          fs
-          ent
-          ignore
-          system
-          ;
-      };
     in
     {
       name = "check-sandbox-${tc.name}";
@@ -61,9 +65,13 @@ let
   testCaseName = name: "cat.gensokyo.hakurei.test." + name;
 in
 {
-  ${testCaseName "preset"} = callTestCase ./preset.nix 1;
+  apps = {
-  ${testCaseName "tty"} = callTestCase ./tty.nix 2;
+    ${testCaseName "preset"} = callTestCase ./preset.nix 1;
-  ${testCaseName "mapuid"} = callTestCase ./mapuid.nix 3;
+    ${testCaseName "tty"} = callTestCase ./tty.nix 2;
-  ${testCaseName "device"} = callTestCase ./device.nix 4;
+    ${testCaseName "mapuid"} = callTestCase ./mapuid.nix 3;
-  ${testCaseName "pdlike"} = callTestCase ./pdlike.nix 5;
+    ${testCaseName "device"} = callTestCase ./device.nix 4;
+    ${testCaseName "pdlike"} = callTestCase ./pdlike.nix 5;
+  };
+
+  pd = importTestCase ./pd.nix;
 }

test/sandbox/case/device.nix

@@ -195,15 +195,14 @@ in
             } null;
           } null;
         } null;
-        run = fs "800001ed" { nscd = fs "800001ed" { } null; } null;
         cache = fs "800001ed" { private = fs "800001c0" null null; } null;
       } null;
     } null;
 
     mount = [
-      (ent "/sysroot" "/" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "rootfs" "rw,uid=1000004,gid=1000004")
+      (ent "/sysroot" "/" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "rootfs" "rw,uid=1000004,gid=1000004")
       (ent "/" "/proc" "rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" "proc" "proc" "rw")
-      (ent "/" "/.hakurei" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000004,gid=1000004")
+      (ent "/" "/.hakurei" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "ephemeral" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000004,gid=1000004")
       (ent "/" "/dev" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
       (ent "/" "/dev/pts" "rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime" "devpts" "devpts" "rw,gid=3,mode=620,ptmxmode=666")
       (ent "/" "/dev/shm" "rw,nosuid,nodev" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" ignore)
@@ -220,7 +219,7 @@ in
       (ent "/dri" "/dev/dri" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
       (ent "/var/cache" "/var/cache" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent "/etc" ignore "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
-      (ent "/" "/run/user" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000004,gid=1000004")
+      (ent "/" "/run/user" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "ephemeral" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000004,gid=1000004")
       (ent "/tmp/hakurei.1000/runtime/4" "/run/user/65534" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent "/tmp/hakurei.1000/tmpdir/4" "/tmp" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent "/var/lib/hakurei/u0/a4" "/var/lib/hakurei/u0/a4" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
@@ -229,7 +228,6 @@ in
       (ent ignore "/run/user/65534/wayland-0" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent ignore "/run/user/65534/pulse/native" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" ignore)
       (ent ignore "/run/user/65534/bus" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
-      (ent "/" "/var/run/nscd" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,size=8k,mode=755,uid=1000004,gid=1000004")
     ];
 
     seccomp = true;

test/sandbox/case/mapuid.nix

@@ -221,15 +221,14 @@ in
             } null;
           } null;
         } null;
-        run = fs "800001ed" { nscd = fs "800001ed" { } null; } null;
         cache = fs "800001ed" { private = fs "800001c0" null null; } null;
       } null;
     } null;
 
     mount = [
-      (ent "/sysroot" "/" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "rootfs" "rw,uid=1000003,gid=1000003")
+      (ent "/sysroot" "/" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "rootfs" "rw,uid=1000003,gid=1000003")
       (ent "/" "/proc" "rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" "proc" "proc" "rw")
-      (ent "/" "/.hakurei" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000003,gid=1000003")
+      (ent "/" "/.hakurei" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "ephemeral" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000003,gid=1000003")
       (ent "/" "/dev" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "devtmpfs" "rw,mode=755,uid=1000003,gid=1000003")
       (ent "/null" "/dev/null" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
       (ent "/zero" "/dev/zero" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
@@ -250,7 +249,7 @@ in
       (ent "/dri" "/dev/dri" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
       (ent "/var/cache" "/var/cache" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent "/etc" ignore "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
-      (ent "/" "/run/user" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000003,gid=1000003")
+      (ent "/" "/run/user" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "ephemeral" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000003,gid=1000003")
       (ent "/tmp/hakurei.1000/runtime/3" "/run/user/1000" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent "/tmp/hakurei.1000/tmpdir/3" "/tmp" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent "/var/lib/hakurei/u0/a3" "/var/lib/hakurei/u0/a3" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
@@ -259,7 +258,6 @@ in
       (ent ignore "/run/user/1000/wayland-0" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent ignore "/run/user/1000/pulse/native" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" ignore)
       (ent ignore "/run/user/1000/bus" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
-      (ent "/" "/var/run/nscd" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,size=8k,mode=755,uid=1000003,gid=1000003")
     ];
 
     seccomp = true;

test/sandbox/case/pd.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+{
+  fs,
+  ent,
+  ignore,
+  ...
+}:
+{
+  # 0, PresetExt | PresetDenyDevel
+  expectedFilter = {
+    x86_64-linux = "c698b081ff957afe17a6d94374537d37f2a63f6f9dd75da7546542407a9e32476ebda3312ba7785d7f618542bcfaf27ca27dcc2dddba852069d28bcfe8cad39a";
+    aarch64-linux = "433ce9b911282d6dcc8029319fb79b816b60d5a795ec8fc94344dd027614d68f023166a91bb881faaeeedd26e3d89474e141e5a69a97e93b8984ca8f14999980";
+  };
+
+  want = {
+    env = [
+      "HOME=/var/lib/hakurei/u0/a0"
+      "SHELL=/run/current-system/sw/bin/bash"
+      "TERM=linux"
+      "USER=u0_a0"
+      "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/65534"
+      "XDG_SESSION_CLASS=user"
+      "XDG_SESSION_TYPE=tty"
+    ];
+
+    fs = fs "dead" {
+      ".hakurei" = fs "800001ed" { } null;
+      bin = fs "800001ed" { sh = fs "80001ff" null null; } null;
+      dev = fs "800001ed" {
+        console = fs "4200190" null null;
+        core = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        fd = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        full = fs "42001b6" null null;
+        kvm = fs "42001b6" null null;
+        mqueue = fs "801001ff" { } null;
+        null = fs "42001b6" null "";
+        ptmx = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        pts = fs "800001ed" { ptmx = fs "42001b6" null null; } null;
+        random = fs "42001b6" null null;
+        shm = fs "800001ed" { } null;
+        stderr = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        stdin = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        stdout = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        tty = fs "42001b6" null null;
+        urandom = fs "42001b6" null null;
+        zero = fs "42001b6" null null;
+      } null;
+      etc = fs "800001ed" {
+        ".clean" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        ".host" = fs "800001c0" null null;
+        ".updated" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "NIXOS" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "X11" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "alsa" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "bash_logout" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "bashrc" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "binfmt.d" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "dbus-1" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "default" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "dhcpcd.exit-hook" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "fonts" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "fstab" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "hsurc" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "fuse.conf" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "group" = fs "180" null "hakurei:x:65534:\n";
+        "host.conf" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "hostname" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "hosts" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "inputrc" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "issue" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "kbd" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "locale.conf" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "login.defs" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "lsb-release" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "lvm" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "machine-id" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "man_db.conf" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "modprobe.d" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "modules-load.d" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "mtab" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "nanorc" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "netgroup" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "nix" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "nixos" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "nscd.conf" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "nsswitch.conf" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "os-release" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "pam" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "pam.d" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "passwd" = fs "180" null "u0_a0:x:65534:65534:Hakurei:/var/lib/hakurei/u0/a0:/run/current-system/sw/bin/bash\n";
+        "pipewire" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "pki" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "polkit-1" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "profile" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "protocols" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "resolv.conf" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "resolvconf.conf" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "rpc" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "services" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "set-environment" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "shadow" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "shells" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "ssh" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "ssl" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "static" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "subgid" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "subuid" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "sudoers" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "sway" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "sysctl.d" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "systemd" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "terminfo" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "tmpfiles.d" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "udev" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "vconsole.conf" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "xdg" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+        "zoneinfo" = fs "80001ff" null null;
+      } null;
+      home = fs "800001ed" { alice = fs "800001c0" null null; } null;
+      lib64 = fs "800001ed" { "ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" = fs "80001ff" null null; } null;
+      "lost+found" = fs "800001c0" null null;
+      nix = fs "800001ed" {
+        ".ro-store" = fs "801001fd" null null;
+        ".rw-store" = fs "800001ed" null null;
+        store = fs "801001fd" null null;
+        var = fs "800001ed" {
+          log = fs "800001ed" null null;
+          nix = fs "800001ed" null null;
+        } null;
+      } null;
+      proc = fs "8000016d" null null;
+      root = fs "800001c0" null null;
+      run = fs "800001ed" null null;
+      srv = fs "800001ed" { } null;
+      sys = fs "8000016d" null null;
+      tmp = fs "800001f8" { } null;
+      usr = fs "800001ed" { bin = fs "800001ed" { env = fs "80001ff" null null; } null; } null;
+      var = fs "800001ed" null null;
+    } null;
+
+    mount = [
+      (ent "/sysroot" "/" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "rootfs" "rw,uid=1000000,gid=1000000")
+      (ent "/bin" "/bin" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
+      (ent "/home" "/home" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
+      (ent "/lib64" "/lib64" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
+      (ent "/lost+found" "/lost+found" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
+      (ent "/nix" "/nix" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
+      (ent "/" "/nix/.ro-store" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "9p" "nix-store" ignore)
+      (ent "/" "/nix/.rw-store" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,mode=755")
+      (ent "/" "/nix/store" "rw,relatime" "overlay" "overlay" "rw,lowerdir=/mnt-root/nix/.ro-store,upperdir=/mnt-root/nix/.rw-store/upper,workdir=/mnt-root/nix/.rw-store/work,uuid=on")
+      (ent "/" "/nix/store" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "overlay" "overlay" "rw,lowerdir=/mnt-root/nix/.ro-store,upperdir=/mnt-root/nix/.rw-store/upper,workdir=/mnt-root/nix/.rw-store/work,uuid=on")
+      (ent "/root" "/root" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
+      (ent "/" "/run" "rw,nosuid,nodev" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" ignore)
+      (ent "/" "/run/keys" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ramfs" "ramfs" "rw,mode=750")
+      (ent "/" "/run/credentials/systemd-journald.service" "ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nosymfollow" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,size=1024k,nr_inodes=1024,mode=700,noswap")
+      (ent "/" "/run/wrappers" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" ignore)
+      (ent "/" "/run/credentials/getty@tty1.service" "ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nosymfollow" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,size=1024k,nr_inodes=1024,mode=700,noswap")
+      (ent "/" "/run/user/1000" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" ignore)
+      (ent "/srv" "/srv" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
+      (ent "/" "/sys" "rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" "sysfs" "sysfs" "rw")
+      (ent "/" "/sys/kernel/security" "rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" "securityfs" "securityfs" "rw")
+      (ent "/../../.." "/sys/fs/cgroup" "rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" "cgroup2" "cgroup2" "rw,nsdelegate,memory_recursiveprot")
+      (ent "/" "/sys/fs/pstore" "rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" "pstore" "pstore" "rw")
+      (ent "/" "/sys/fs/bpf" "rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" "bpf" "bpf" "rw,mode=700")
+      # systemd race: tracefs debugfs configfs fusectl
+      (ent "/" ignore "rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" ignore ignore "rw")
+      (ent "/" ignore "rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" ignore ignore "rw")
+      (ent "/" ignore "rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" ignore ignore "rw")
+      (ent "/" ignore "rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" ignore ignore "rw")
+      (ent "/usr" "/usr" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
+      (ent "/var" "/var" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
+      (ent "/" "/proc" "rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" "proc" "proc" "rw")
+      (ent "/" "/.hakurei" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "ephemeral" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000000,gid=1000000")
+      (ent "/" "/dev" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "devtmpfs" "rw,mode=755,uid=1000000,gid=1000000")
+      (ent "/null" "/dev/null" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
+      (ent "/zero" "/dev/zero" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
+      (ent "/full" "/dev/full" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
+      (ent "/random" "/dev/random" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
+      (ent "/urandom" "/dev/urandom" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
+      (ent "/tty" "/dev/tty" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
+      (ent "/" "/dev/pts" "rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime" "devpts" "devpts" "rw,mode=620,ptmxmode=666")
+      (ent ignore "/dev/console" "rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime" "devpts" "devpts" "rw,gid=3,mode=620,ptmxmode=666")
+      (ent "/" "/dev/mqueue" "rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" "mqueue" "mqueue" "rw")
+      (ent "/kvm" "/dev/kvm" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
+      (ent "/" "/run/nscd" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "readonly" "ro,mode=755,uid=1000000,gid=1000000")
+      (ent "/" "/run/user/1000" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "ephemeral" "rw,size=8k,mode=755,uid=1000000,gid=1000000")
+      (ent "/" "/run/dbus" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "ephemeral" "rw,size=8k,mode=755,uid=1000000,gid=1000000")
+      (ent "/etc" ignore "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
+      (ent "/" "/run/user" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "ephemeral" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000000,gid=1000000")
+      (ent "/tmp/hakurei.1000/runtime/0" "/run/user/65534" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
+      (ent "/tmp/hakurei.1000/tmpdir/0" "/tmp" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
+      (ent "/var/lib/hakurei/u0/a0" "/var/lib/hakurei/u0/a0" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
+      (ent ignore "/etc/passwd" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "rootfs" "rw,uid=1000000,gid=1000000")
+      (ent ignore "/etc/group" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "rootfs" "rw,uid=1000000,gid=1000000")
+    ];
+
+    seccomp = true;
+  };
+}

test/sandbox/case/pdlike.nix

@@ -222,14 +222,13 @@ in
             } null;
           } null;
         } null;
-        run = fs "800001ed" { nscd = fs "800001ed" { } null; } null;
       } null;
     } null;
 
     mount = [
-      (ent "/sysroot" "/" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "rootfs" "rw,uid=1000005,gid=1000005")
+      (ent "/sysroot" "/" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "rootfs" "rw,uid=1000005,gid=1000005")
       (ent "/" "/proc" "rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" "proc" "proc" "rw")
-      (ent "/" "/.hakurei" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000005,gid=1000005")
+      (ent "/" "/.hakurei" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "ephemeral" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000005,gid=1000005")
       (ent "/" "/dev" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "devtmpfs" "rw,mode=755,uid=1000005,gid=1000005")
       (ent "/null" "/dev/null" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
       (ent "/zero" "/dev/zero" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
@@ -250,7 +249,7 @@ in
       (ent "/devices" "/sys/devices" "ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" "sysfs" "sysfs" "rw")
       (ent "/dri" "/dev/dri" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
       (ent "/etc" ignore "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
-      (ent "/" "/run/user" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000005,gid=1000005")
+      (ent "/" "/run/user" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "ephemeral" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000005,gid=1000005")
       (ent "/tmp/hakurei.1000/runtime/5" "/run/user/65534" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent "/tmp/hakurei.1000/tmpdir/5" "/tmp" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent "/var/lib/hakurei/u0/a5" "/var/lib/hakurei/u0/a5" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
@@ -259,7 +258,6 @@ in
       (ent ignore "/run/user/65534/wayland-0" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent ignore "/run/user/65534/pulse/native" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" ignore)
       (ent ignore "/run/user/65534/bus" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
-      (ent "/" "/var/run/nscd" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,size=8k,mode=755,uid=1000005,gid=1000005")
     ];
 
     seccomp = true;

test/sandbox/case/preset.nix

@@ -221,14 +221,13 @@ in
             } null;
           } null;
         } null;
-        run = fs "800001ed" { nscd = fs "800001ed" { } null; } null;
       } null;
     } null;
 
     mount = [
-      (ent "/sysroot" "/" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "rootfs" "rw,uid=1000001,gid=1000001")
+      (ent "/sysroot" "/" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "rootfs" "rw,uid=1000001,gid=1000001")
       (ent "/" "/proc" "rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" "proc" "proc" "rw")
-      (ent "/" "/.hakurei" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000001,gid=1000001")
+      (ent "/" "/.hakurei" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "ephemeral" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000001,gid=1000001")
       (ent "/" "/dev" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "devtmpfs" "rw,mode=755,uid=1000001,gid=1000001")
       (ent "/null" "/dev/null" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
       (ent "/zero" "/dev/zero" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
@@ -248,7 +247,7 @@ in
       (ent "/devices" "/sys/devices" "ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" "sysfs" "sysfs" "rw")
       (ent "/dri" "/dev/dri" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
       (ent "/etc" ignore "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
-      (ent "/" "/run/user" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000001,gid=1000001")
+      (ent "/" "/run/user" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "ephemeral" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000001,gid=1000001")
       (ent "/tmp/hakurei.1000/runtime/1" "/run/user/65534" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent "/tmp/hakurei.1000/tmpdir/1" "/tmp" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent "/var/lib/hakurei/u0/a1" "/var/lib/hakurei/u0/a1" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
@@ -257,7 +256,6 @@ in
       (ent ignore "/run/user/65534/wayland-0" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent ignore "/run/user/65534/pulse/native" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" ignore)
       (ent ignore "/run/user/65534/bus" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
-      (ent "/" "/var/run/nscd" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,size=8k,mode=755,uid=1000001,gid=1000001")
     ];
 
     seccomp = true;

test/sandbox/case/tty.nix

@@ -222,15 +222,14 @@ in
             } null;
           } null;
         } null;
-        run = fs "800001ed" { nscd = fs "800001ed" { } null; } null;
         cache = fs "800001ed" { private = fs "800001c0" null null; } null;
       } null;
     } null;
 
     mount = [
-      (ent "/sysroot" "/" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "rootfs" "rw,uid=1000002,gid=1000002")
+      (ent "/sysroot" "/" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "rootfs" "rw,uid=1000002,gid=1000002")
       (ent "/" "/proc" "rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime" "proc" "proc" "rw")
-      (ent "/" "/.hakurei" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000002,gid=1000002")
+      (ent "/" "/.hakurei" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "ephemeral" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000002,gid=1000002")
       (ent "/" "/dev" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "devtmpfs" "rw,mode=755,uid=1000002,gid=1000002")
       (ent "/null" "/dev/null" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
       (ent "/zero" "/dev/zero" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
@@ -252,7 +251,7 @@ in
       (ent "/dri" "/dev/dri" "rw,nosuid" "devtmpfs" "devtmpfs" ignore)
       (ent "/var/cache" "/var/cache" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent "/etc" ignore "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
-      (ent "/" "/run/user" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000002,gid=1000002")
+      (ent "/" "/run/user" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "ephemeral" "rw,size=4k,mode=755,uid=1000002,gid=1000002")
       (ent "/tmp/hakurei.1000/runtime/2" "/run/user/65534" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent "/tmp/hakurei.1000/tmpdir/2" "/tmp" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent "/var/lib/hakurei/u0/a2" "/var/lib/hakurei/u0/a2" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
@@ -261,7 +260,6 @@ in
       (ent ignore "/run/user/65534/wayland-0" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
       (ent ignore "/run/user/65534/pulse/native" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" ignore)
       (ent ignore "/run/user/65534/bus" "ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "ext4" "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos" "rw")
-      (ent "/" "/var/run/nscd" "rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime" "tmpfs" "tmpfs" "rw,size=8k,mode=755,uid=1000002,gid=1000002")
     ];
 
     seccomp = true;

test/sandbox/configuration.nix

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 }:
 let
   testProgram = pkgs.callPackage ./tool/package.nix { inherit (config.environment.hakurei.package) version; };
+  testCases = import ./case pkgs.system lib testProgram;
 in
 {
   users.users = {
@@ -26,6 +27,13 @@ in
     systemPackages = [
       # For checking seccomp outcome:
       testProgram
+
+      # For checking pd outcome:
+      (pkgs.writeShellScriptBin "check-sandbox-pd" ''
+        hakurei -v run hakurei-test \
+          -t ${toString (builtins.toFile "hakurei-pd-want.json" (builtins.toJSON testCases.pd.want))} \
+          -s ${testCases.pd.expectedFilter.${pkgs.system}} "$@"
+      '')
     ];
 
     variables = {
@@ -75,6 +83,6 @@ in
       }
     ];
 
-    apps = import ./case pkgs.system lib testProgram;
+    inherit (testCases) apps;
   };
 }

test/sandbox/test.py

@@ -58,12 +58,13 @@ print(machine.fail("sudo -u alice -i hakurei run umount -R /dev"))
 check_offset = 0
 def check_sandbox(name):
     global check_offset
-    check_offset += 1
     swaymsg(f"exec script /dev/null -E always -qec check-sandbox-{name}")
     machine.wait_for_file(f"/tmp/hakurei.1000/tmpdir/{check_offset}/sandbox-ok", timeout=15)
     check_filter(check_offset, name, "hakurei-test")
+    check_offset += 1
 
 
+check_sandbox("pd")
 check_sandbox("preset")
 check_sandbox("tty")
 check_sandbox("mapuid")