release: 0.4.4

Signed-off-by: Ophestra <cat@gensokyo.uk>

check/absolute.go

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ func (e AbsoluteError) Error() string {
 }
 
 func (e AbsoluteError) Is(target error) bool {
-	var ce AbsoluteError
-	if !errors.As(target, &ce) {
+	ce, ok := errors.AsType[AbsoluteError](target)
+	if !ok {
 		return errors.Is(target, syscall.EINVAL)
 	}
 	return e == ce
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ func (e AbsoluteError) Is(target error) bool {
 type Absolute struct{ pathname unique.Handle[string] }
 
 var (
+	_ fmt.GoStringer = new(Absolute)
+
 	_ encoding.TextAppender    = new(Absolute)
 	_ encoding.TextMarshaler   = new(Absolute)
 	_ encoding.TextUnmarshaler = new(Absolute)
@@ -40,6 +42,10 @@ var (
 	_ encoding.BinaryUnmarshaler = new(Absolute)
 )
 
+func (a *Absolute) GoString() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("check.MustAbs(%q)", a.String())
+}
+
 // ok returns whether [Absolute] is not the zero value.
 func (a *Absolute) ok() bool { return a != nil && *a != (Absolute{}) }
 

cmd/app/app.go

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"hakurei.app/check"
+	"hakurei.app/fhs"
+	"hakurei.app/hst"
+)
+
+// parsePair parses a NUL-delimited quoted paths pair.
+func parsePair(s string) (source, target *check.Absolute, err error) {
+	var p string
+	if p, err = strconv.Unquote(s); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	_source, _target, ok := strings.Cut(p, "\x00")
+	if source, err = check.NewAbs(_source); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	target, err = check.NewAbs(_target)
+	return
+}
+
+// parse decodes a high-level configuration stream and returns its
+// corresponding [hst.Config].
+func parse(id string, base *check.Absolute, r io.Reader) (*hst.Config, error) {
+	shell := fhs.AbsRoot.Append("bin", "zsh")
+	home := hst.AbsPrivateTmp.Append("home")
+
+	c := hst.Config{
+		ID:          id,
+		Enablements: new(hst.Enablements),
+
+		SessionBus: &hst.BusConfig{
+			Own: []string{
+				id + ".*",
+				"org.mpris.MediaPlayer2." + id + ".*",
+			},
+			Filter: true,
+		},
+		SystemBus: &hst.BusConfig{Filter: true},
+
+		Container: &hst.ContainerConfig{
+			Env: make(map[string]string),
+			Filesystem: []hst.FilesystemConfigJSON{
+				{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSOverlay{
+					Target: fhs.AbsRoot,
+					Lower: []*check.Absolute{
+						base.Append("template", "initial"),
+					},
+					Upper: base.Append("template", "upper"),
+				}},
+				{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
+					Target: home,
+					Source: base.Append("state", id),
+					Write:  true,
+					Ensure: true,
+				}},
+
+				{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSEphemeral{
+					Target: fhs.AbsVar.Append("tmp"),
+					Write:  true,
+					Perm:   01777,
+				}},
+
+				{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{Source: fhs.AbsSys.Append("block")}},
+				{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{Source: fhs.AbsSys.Append("bus")}},
+				{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{Source: fhs.AbsSys.Append("class")}},
+				{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{Source: fhs.AbsSys.Append("dev")}},
+				{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{Source: fhs.AbsSys.Append("devices")}},
+			},
+
+			Username: "chronos",
+			Shell:    shell,
+			Home:     home,
+			Path:     shell,
+			Args:     []string{"zsh", "-c"},
+
+			Flags: hst.FCoverRun,
+		},
+	}
+
+	s := bufio.NewScanner(r)
+	scanOnce := func() error {
+		if s.Scan() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+
+	if err := scanOnce(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if v, err := strconv.Atoi(s.Text()); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else {
+		c.Identity = v
+	}
+
+	if err := scanOnce(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	c.Container.Args = append(c.Container.Args, s.Text())
+
+	var flagGPU, flagSystemBus bool
+	flags := map[string]*bool{
+		"gpu":        &flagGPU,
+		"system_bus": &flagSystemBus,
+	}
+
+	for s.Scan() {
+		key, value, ok := strings.Cut(s.Text(), " ")
+		if key != "" && key[0] == ';' {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if !ok {
+			if key == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			var p *bool
+			if p, ok = flags[key]; ok {
+				*p = true
+				continue
+			}
+
+			switch key {
+			case "wayland":
+				*c.Enablements |= hst.EWayland
+			case "x11":
+				*c.Enablements |= hst.EX11
+			case "dbus":
+				*c.Enablements |= hst.EDBus
+			case "pipewire":
+				*c.Enablements |= hst.EPipeWire
+
+			case "multiarch":
+				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FMultiarch
+			case "devel":
+				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FDevel
+			case "userns":
+				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FUserns
+			case "net":
+				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FHostNet
+			case "abstract":
+				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FHostAbstract
+			case "tty":
+				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FTty
+			case "mapuid":
+				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FMapRealUID
+			case "device":
+				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FDevice
+
+			case "share_runtime":
+				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FShareRuntime
+			case "share_tmpdir":
+				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FShareTmpdir
+
+			default:
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid flag %q", key)
+			}
+
+			continue
+		}
+
+		switch key {
+		case "group":
+			c.Groups = append(c.Groups, value)
+			continue
+
+		case "env":
+			if key, value, ok = strings.Cut(value, "="); !ok {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid environment %q", key)
+			}
+			c.Container.Env[key] = value
+			continue
+
+		case "ro":
+			source, target, err := parsePair(value)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			c.Container.Filesystem = append(c.Container.Filesystem,
+				hst.FilesystemConfigJSON{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
+					Target: target,
+					Source: source,
+				}},
+			)
+			continue
+
+		case "rw":
+			source, target, err := parsePair(value)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			c.Container.Filesystem = append(c.Container.Filesystem,
+				hst.FilesystemConfigJSON{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
+					Target: target,
+					Source: source,
+					Write:  true,
+				}},
+			)
+			continue
+
+		case "own":
+			c.SessionBus.Own = append(c.SessionBus.Own, value)
+			continue
+		case "own_system":
+			c.SystemBus.Own = append(c.SystemBus.Own, value)
+			continue
+
+		case "talk":
+			c.SessionBus.Talk = append(c.SessionBus.Talk, value)
+			continue
+		case "talk_system":
+			c.SystemBus.Talk = append(c.SystemBus.Talk, value)
+			continue
+
+		default:
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid key %q", key)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if flagGPU {
+		c.Container.Filesystem = append(c.Container.Filesystem, []hst.FilesystemConfigJSON{
+			{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
+				Source:   fhs.AbsDev.Append("dri"),
+				Device:   true,
+				Optional: true,
+			}},
+		}...)
+	}
+
+	if !flagSystemBus {
+		c.SystemBus = nil
+	}
+
+	if c.Container.Flags&hst.FShareTmpdir == 0 {
+		c.Container.Filesystem = append(c.Container.Filesystem,
+			hst.FilesystemConfigJSON{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSEphemeral{
+				Target: fhs.AbsTmp,
+				Write:  true,
+				Perm:   01777,
+			}},
+		)
+	}
+
+	return &c, nil
+}

cmd/app/app_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"hakurei.app/check"
+	"hakurei.app/fhs"
+	"hakurei.app/hst"
+)
+
+func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	base := fhs.AbsProc.Append("nonexistent")
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name string
+		data string
+		want *hst.Config
+		err  error
+	}{
+		{"com.discordapp.Discord", `8
+exec Discord --ozone-platform-hint=wayland
+
+gpu
+wayland
+dbus
+system_bus
+pipewire
+userns
+net
+mapuid
+
+share_runtime
+share_tmpdir
+
+group media_rw
+env ELECTRON_TRASH=gio
+rw "/sdcard"
+; remove before reusing
+ro "/bin\x00/.hakurei/bin"
+
+talk org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher
+talk com.canonical.AppMenu.Registrar
+talk com.canonical.indicator.application
+talk com.canonical.Unity
+`, &hst.Config{
+			Identity:    8,
+			ID:          "com.discordapp.Discord",
+			Enablements: new(hst.EWayland | hst.EDBus | hst.EPipeWire),
+			Groups:      []string{"media_rw"},
+
+			SessionBus: &hst.BusConfig{
+				Talk: []string{
+					"org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher",
+					"com.canonical.AppMenu.Registrar",
+					"com.canonical.indicator.application",
+					"com.canonical.Unity",
+				},
+				Own: []string{
+					"com.discordapp.Discord.*",
+					"org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.com.discordapp.Discord.*",
+				},
+				Filter: true,
+			},
+			SystemBus: &hst.BusConfig{Filter: true},
+
+			Container: &hst.ContainerConfig{
+				Env: map[string]string{
+					"ELECTRON_TRASH": "gio",
+				},
+				Filesystem: []hst.FilesystemConfigJSON{
+					{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSOverlay{
+						Target: fhs.AbsRoot,
+						Lower: []*check.Absolute{
+							base.Append("template", "initial"),
+						},
+						Upper: base.Append("template", "upper"),
+					}},
+					{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
+						Target: hst.AbsPrivateTmp.Append("home"),
+						Source: base.Append("state", "com.discordapp.Discord"),
+						Write:  true,
+						Ensure: true,
+					}},
+
+					{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSEphemeral{
+						Target: fhs.AbsVar.Append("tmp"),
+						Write:  true,
+						Perm:   01777,
+					}},
+
+					{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{Source: fhs.AbsSys.Append("block")}},
+					{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{Source: fhs.AbsSys.Append("bus")}},
+					{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{Source: fhs.AbsSys.Append("class")}},
+					{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{Source: fhs.AbsSys.Append("dev")}},
+					{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{Source: fhs.AbsSys.Append("devices")}},
+
+					{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
+						Source: check.MustAbs("/sdcard"),
+						Write:  true,
+					}},
+					{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
+						Target: check.MustAbs("/.hakurei/bin"),
+						Source: check.MustAbs("/bin"),
+					}},
+
+					{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
+						Source:   fhs.AbsDev.Append("dri"),
+						Device:   true,
+						Optional: true,
+					}},
+				},
+
+				Username: "chronos",
+				Shell:    fhs.AbsRoot.Append("bin", "zsh"),
+				Home:     hst.AbsPrivateTmp.Append("home"),
+				Path:     fhs.AbsRoot.Append("bin", "zsh"),
+				Args: []string{
+					"zsh", "-c",
+					"exec Discord --ozone-platform-hint=wayland",
+				},
+
+				Flags: hst.FCoverRun | hst.FUserns | hst.FHostNet | hst.FMapRealUID |
+					hst.FShareRuntime | hst.FShareTmpdir,
+			},
+		}, nil},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			got, err := parse(
+				tc.name,
+				base,
+				strings.NewReader(tc.data),
+			)
+
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(err, tc.err) {
+				t.Errorf("parse: error = %v, want %v", err, tc.err)
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tc.want) {
+				t.Errorf("parse: %#v, want %#v", got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

cmd/app/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+// The app program is a proof-of-concept frontend for cmd/hakurei.
+//
+// This program is not covered by the compatibility promise. The command line
+// interface and configuration syntax may change at any time.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/signal"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"hakurei.app/check"
+	"hakurei.app/command"
+	"hakurei.app/fhs"
+	"hakurei.app/hst"
+	"hakurei.app/message"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	log.SetFlags(0)
+	log.SetPrefix("app: ")
+	msg := message.New(log.Default())
+
+	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(),
+		syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGHUP)
+	defer stop()
+
+	var (
+		flagVerbose bool
+		flagBase    string
+
+		base, template, initial, upper, work *check.Absolute
+	)
+	c := command.New(os.Stderr, log.Printf, "app", func([]string) (err error) {
+		msg.SwapVerbose(flagVerbose)
+		flagBase = os.ExpandEnv(flagBase)
+		if flagBase == "" {
+			flagBase = "state"
+		}
+		if flagBase, err = filepath.Abs(flagBase); err != nil {
+			return
+		} else if base, err = check.NewAbs(flagBase); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		template = base.Append("template")
+		initial = template.Append("initial")
+		upper = template.Append("upper")
+		work = template.Append("work")
+		return
+	}).Flag(
+		&flagVerbose,
+		"v", command.BoolFlag(false),
+		"Increase log verbosity",
+	).Flag(
+		&flagBase,
+		"d", command.StringFlag("$HAKUREI_APP_PATH"),
+		"Configuration and state directory",
+	)
+
+	{
+		var (
+			flagShell string
+			flagHome  string
+		)
+		c.NewCommand(
+			"enter", "Enter mutable state template",
+			func([]string) error {
+				config := hst.Config{
+					ID: "app.hakurei.mutable",
+					Container: &hst.ContainerConfig{
+						Hostname: "mutable",
+						Filesystem: []hst.FilesystemConfigJSON{
+							{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSOverlay{
+								Target: fhs.AbsRoot,
+								Lower:  []*check.Absolute{initial},
+								Upper:  upper,
+								Work:   work,
+							}},
+							{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSEphemeral{
+								Target: fhs.AbsTmp,
+								Write:  true,
+								Perm:   0755,
+							}},
+						},
+						Username: "chronos",
+						Flags: hst.FMultiarch |
+							hst.FDevel |
+							hst.FUserns |
+							hst.FHostNet |
+							hst.FTty,
+					},
+				}
+
+				if a, err := check.NewAbs(flagShell); err != nil {
+					return err
+				} else {
+					config.Container.Shell = a
+					config.Container.Path = a
+					config.Container.Args = []string{
+						"-" + filepath.Base(flagShell),
+					}
+				}
+
+				if a, err := check.NewAbs(flagHome); err != nil {
+					return err
+				} else {
+					config.Container.Home = a
+				}
+
+				return run(ctx, msg, &config)
+			},
+		).Flag(
+			&flagShell,
+			"shell", command.StringFlag("/bin/zsh"),
+			"Shell program within container",
+		).Flag(
+			&flagHome,
+			"home", command.StringFlag("/home/chronos"),
+			"Home directory within container",
+		)
+	}
+
+	c.NewCommand(
+		"run", "Start the named application",
+		func(args []string) error {
+			if len(args) != 1 {
+				return errors.New("run requires 1 argument")
+			}
+
+			var config *hst.Config
+			f, err := os.Open(base.Append("app", args[0]).String())
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			config, err = parse(args[0], base, f)
+			if closeErr := f.Close(); err == nil {
+				err = closeErr
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			return run(ctx, msg, config)
+		},
+	)
+
+	c.MustParse(os.Args[1:], func(err error) {
+		if e, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](err); ok && e != nil {
+			os.Exit(e.ExitCode())
+		}
+
+		if w, ok := err.(interface{ Unwrap() []error }); !ok {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		} else {
+			errs := w.Unwrap()
+			for i, e := range errs {
+				if i == len(errs)-1 {
+					log.Fatal(e)
+				}
+				log.Println(e)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}

cmd/app/run.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"hakurei.app/hst"
+	"hakurei.app/message"
+)
+
+// run starts a container via cmd/hakurei and returns after it terminates.
+func run(ctx context.Context, msg message.Msg, config *hst.Config) error {
+	c, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(c, "hakurei")
+	cmd.Stdin, cmd.Stdout, cmd.Stderr = os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr
+	cmd.Cancel = func() error {
+		return cmd.Process.Signal(syscall.SIGINT)
+	}
+	if msg.IsVerbose() {
+		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "-v")
+	}
+	cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "run", "3")
+
+	r, w, err := os.Pipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	cmd.ExtraFiles = append(cmd.ExtraFiles, r)
+
+	if err = cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		_, _ = r.Close(), w.Close()
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err = r.Close(); err != nil {
+		_ = w.Close()
+		return err
+	} else if err = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(&config); err != nil {
+		_ = w.Close()
+		return err
+	} else if err = w.Close(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return cmd.Wait()
+}

cmd/dist/VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-v0.4.3
+v0.4.4

cmd/earlyinit/main.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"hakurei.app/internal/kobject"
 	"hakurei.app/internal/report"
 	"hakurei.app/internal/uevent"
+	"hakurei.app/message"
 )
 
 var r report.Reporter
@@ -79,6 +80,8 @@ const (
 	// optionSystem specifies devpath of the system device.
 	optionSystem = "system"
 
+	// flagVerbose increases output verbosity.
+	flagVerbose = "verbose"
 	// flagStrict sets [report.DStrict] on r.
 	flagStrict = "strict"
 	// flagNoRecover sets [report.DNoRecover] on r.
@@ -116,6 +119,9 @@ func main() {
 		r.SetFlags(flag)
 	}
 
+	msg := message.New(log.Default())
+	msg.SwapVerbose(slices.Contains(flags, flagVerbose))
+
 	mustSyscall("mount devtmpfs", Mount(
 		"devtmpfs",
 		"/dev/",
@@ -131,6 +137,14 @@ func main() {
 		MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC,
 		"mode=620,ptmxmode=666",
 	))
+	must(os.Mkdir("/dev/shm/", 0))
+	mustSyscall("mount shm", Mount(
+		"shm",
+		"/dev/shm/",
+		"tmpfs",
+		MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV,
+		"",
+	))
 
 	// The kernel might be unable to set up the console. When that happens,
 	// printk is called with "Warning: unable to open an initial console."
@@ -193,12 +207,21 @@ func main() {
 	must1(rand.Read(uuid[:]))
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 
-	go consume(ctx, &r, conn, uuid, events)
+	go consume(ctx, msg, &r, conn, uuid, events)
 	s := kobject.New(uuid, func(o *kobject.Object, env map[string]string) {
-		log.Printf("change %s: %q", o.DevPath, env)
+		p := make([]string, 0, len(env))
+		for k, v := range env {
+			p = append(p, k+"="+v)
+		}
+		slices.Sort(p)
+		log.Printf("change %s: %s", o.DevPath, strings.Join(p, ", "))
 	}, func(err error) {
+		severity := report.Inconsistent
+		if e, ok := err.(kobject.EventError); ok && e.Kind == kobject.EBadTarget {
+			severity = report.Trivial
+		}
 		r.Dispatch(
-			report.Inconsistent,
+			severity,
 			"processed inconsistent uevent",
 			err,
 		)
@@ -236,5 +259,6 @@ func main() {
 		[]byte("/system/lib/firmware"),
 		0,
 	))
+	go dispatchModprobe(ctx, s)
 
 }

cmd/earlyinit/modprobe.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+
+	"hakurei.app/internal/kobject"
+	"hakurei.app/internal/report"
+	"hakurei.app/internal/uevent"
+)
+
+// ModprobeError describes an unsuccessful modprobe invocation.
+type ModprobeError struct {
+	ModAlias string `json:"modalias"`
+	Stdout   string `json:"stdout"`
+	Stderr   string `json:"stderr"`
+	ExitCode int    `json:"exit_code"`
+}
+
+var _ report.RepresentableError = ModprobeError{}
+
+func (ModprobeError) Representable() {}
+func (e ModprobeError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(
+		"modprobe exit status %d: %s",
+		e.ExitCode, strings.TrimSpace(e.Stderr),
+	)
+}
+
+// dispatchModprobe invokes modprobe for [uevent.KOBJ_ADD] events raising new
+// MODALIAS strings.
+func dispatchModprobe(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	s *kobject.State,
+) {
+	aliases := make(chan string, 1<<8)
+	go func() {
+		defer close(aliases)
+		s.Range(ctx, func(o *kobject.Object, act uevent.KobjectAction) bool {
+			if act == uevent.KOBJ_ADD && o.Driver == "" && o.ModAlias != "" {
+				aliases <- o.ModAlias
+			}
+			return true
+		})
+	}()
+
+	for alias := range aliases {
+		stdout, err := exec.Command("/system/sbin/modprobe", alias).Output()
+		if err == nil {
+			if len(stdout) > 0 {
+				log.Println(string(stdout))
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		exitError, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](err)
+		if !ok || exitError == nil {
+			r.Dispatch(report.Degraded, "invoke modprobe", err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		r.Dispatch(report.Trivial, "load device driver", ModprobeError{
+			ModAlias: alias,
+			Stdout:   string(stdout),
+			Stderr:   string(exitError.Stderr),
+			ExitCode: exitError.ExitCode(),
+		})
+	}
+}

cmd/earlyinit/mount.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"hakurei.app/check"
 	"hakurei.app/fhs"
 	"hakurei.app/internal/kobject"
+	"hakurei.app/internal/uevent"
 )
 
 // mustMountSystem waits for and mounts a system device matching pattern.
@@ -26,8 +27,9 @@ func mustMountSystem(
 	for {
 		var matchErr error
 		var systemPath *check.Absolute
-		s.Range(c, func(o *kobject.Object) bool {
-			if o.Subsystem != "block" ||
+		s.Range(c, func(o *kobject.Object, act uevent.KobjectAction) bool {
+			if (act != uevent.KOBJ_ADD && act != uevent.KOBJ_CHANGE) ||
+				o.Subsystem != "block" ||
 				o.Env["DEVTYPE"] != "disk" {
 				return true
 			}

cmd/earlyinit/uevent.go

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"log"
 	"time"
 
 	"hakurei.app/fhs"
 	"hakurei.app/internal/report"
 	"hakurei.app/internal/uevent"
+	"hakurei.app/message"
 )
 
 // newRejectColdboot returns a function to be called on every subsequent pending
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ func newRejectColdboot() func() bool {
 // consume continuously consumes events from conn with retries.
 func consume(
 	ctx context.Context,
+	msg message.Msg,
 	r *report.Reporter,
 	conn *uevent.Conn,
 	uuid uevent.UUID,
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ func consume(
 	coldboot := true
 retry:
 	if dispatchErr := conn.Consume(ctx, fhs.Sys, &uuid, events, coldboot, func(path string) {
-		log.Println("coldboot visited", path)
+		msg.Verbose("coldboot visited", path)
 	}, func(err error) bool {
 		if _, ok := err.(uevent.NeedsColdboot); ok && !nextColdboot() {
 			r.Dispatch(

cmd/hakurei/json.go

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 )
 
-// decodeJSON decodes json from r and stores it in v. A non-nil error results in a call to fatal.
+// decodeJSON decodes json from r and stores it in v. A non-nil error results in
+// a call to fatal.
 func decodeJSON(fatal func(v ...any), op string, r io.Reader, v any) {
 	err := json.NewDecoder(r).Decode(v)
 	if err == nil {
@@ -47,14 +48,14 @@ func encodeJSON(fatal func(v ...any), output io.Writer, short bool, v any) {
 	}
 
 	if err := encoder.Encode(v); err != nil {
-		var marshalerError *json.MarshalerError
-		if errors.As(err, &marshalerError) && marshalerError != nil {
+		if e, ok := errors.AsType[*json.MarshalerError](err); ok && e != nil {
 			// this likely indicates an implementation error in hst
-			fatal("cannot encode json for " + marshalerError.Type.String() + ": " + marshalerError.Err.Error())
+			fatal("cannot encode json for " + e.Type.String() + ": " + e.Err.Error())
 			return
 		}
 
-		// UnsupportedTypeError, UnsupportedValueError: incorrect usage, does not need to be handled
+		// UnsupportedTypeError, UnsupportedValueError: incorrect usage, does
+		// not need to be handled
 		fatal("cannot write json: " + err.Error())
 	}
 }

cmd/hakurei/print_test.go

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func TestPrintShowInstance(t *testing.T) {
  Identity:       9 (org.chromium.Chromium)
  Enablements:    wayland, dbus, pipewire
  Groups:         video, dialout, plugdev
- Flags:          multiarch, compat, devel, userns, net, abstract, tty, mapuid, device, runtime, tmpdir
+ Flags:          multiarch, compat, devel, userns, net, abstract, tty, mapuid, device, cover_run, runtime, tmpdir
  Home:           /data/data/org.chromium.Chromium
  Hostname:       localhost
  Path:           /run/current-system/sw/bin/chromium
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ App
  Identity:       9 (org.chromium.Chromium)
  Enablements:    wayland, dbus, pipewire
  Groups:         video, dialout, plugdev
- Flags:          multiarch, compat, devel, userns, net, abstract, tty, mapuid, device, runtime, tmpdir
+ Flags:          multiarch, compat, devel, userns, net, abstract, tty, mapuid, device, cover_run, runtime, tmpdir
  Home:           /data/data/org.chromium.Chromium
  Hostname:       localhost
  Path:           /run/current-system/sw/bin/chromium
@@ -355,6 +355,7 @@ App
     "multiarch": true,
     "map_real_uid": true,
     "device": true,
+    "cover_run": true,
     "share_runtime": true,
     "share_tmpdir": true
   },
@@ -506,6 +507,7 @@ App
     "multiarch": true,
     "map_real_uid": true,
     "device": true,
+    "cover_run": true,
     "share_runtime": true,
     "share_tmpdir": true
   }
@@ -704,6 +706,7 @@ func TestPrintPs(t *testing.T) {
       "multiarch": true,
       "map_real_uid": true,
       "device": true,
+      "cover_run": true,
       "share_runtime": true,
       "share_tmpdir": true
     },

cmd/hsu/main.go

@@ -21,15 +21,6 @@
 // following paragraphs are considered an internal detail and not covered by the
 // compatibility promise.
 //
-// After checking credentials, hsu checks via /proc/ the absolute pathname of
-// its parent process, and fails if it does not match the hakurei pathname set
-// at link time. This is not a security feature: the priv-side is considered
-// trusted, and this feature makes no attempt to address the racy nature of
-// querying /proc/, or debuggers attached to the parent process. Instead, this
-// aims to discourage misuse and reduce confusion if the user accidentally
-// stumbles upon this program. It also prevents accidental use of the incorrect
-// installation of hsu in some environments.
-//
 // Since target container environment variables are set up in shim via the
 // [container] infrastructure, the environment is used for parameters from the
 // parent process.
@@ -62,7 +53,6 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 )
 
@@ -107,18 +97,6 @@ func main() {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var toolPath string
-	pexe := filepath.Join("/proc", strconv.Itoa(os.Getppid()), "exe")
-	if p, err := os.Readlink(pexe); err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("cannot read parent executable path: %v", err)
-	} else if strings.HasSuffix(p, " (deleted)") {
-		log.Fatal("hakurei executable has been deleted")
-	} else if p != hakureiPath {
-		log.Fatal("this program must be started by hakurei")
-	} else {
-		toolPath = p
-	}
-
 	// refuse to run if hsurc is not protected correctly
 	if s, err := os.Stat(hsuConfPath); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
@@ -205,7 +183,7 @@ func main() {
 		log.Fatalf("cannot set no_new_privs flag: %s", errno.Error())
 	}
 
-	if err := syscall.Exec(toolPath, []string{
+	if err := syscall.Exec(hakureiPath, []string{
 		"hakurei",
 		"shim",
 	}, []string{

cmd/mbf/cache.go

@@ -2,13 +2,14 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
 	"hakurei.app/check"
-	"hakurei.app/container"
 	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+	"hakurei.app/internal/rosa"
 	"hakurei.app/message"
 )
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ type cache struct {
 	// Loaded artifact of [rosa.QEMU].
 	qemu pkg.Artifact
 
-	base string
+	base, mirror string
 }
 
 // open opens the underlying [pkg.Cache].
@@ -86,6 +87,21 @@ func (cache *cache) open() (err error) {
 	}
 	done <- struct{}{}
 
+	if cache.mirror != "" {
+		var pub []byte
+		pub, err = os.ReadFile(base.Append("ed25519.pub").String())
+		if err != nil {
+			cache.c.Close()
+			return
+		}
+		var r rosa.Remote
+		if r, err = rosa.NewRemote(cache.mirror, pub, http.DefaultClient); err != nil {
+			cache.c.Close()
+			return err
+		}
+		cache.c.SetExternal(r)
+	}
+
 	if cache.qemu != nil {
 		var pathname *check.Absolute
 		pathname, _, err = cache.c.Cure(cache.qemu)
@@ -94,24 +110,9 @@ func (cache *cache) open() (err error) {
 			return
 		}
 
-		pkg.RegisterArch("riscv64", container.BinfmtEntry{
-			Offset: 0,
-			Magic:  "\x7fELF\x02\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\xf3\x00",
-			Mask:   "\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff",
-			Interpreter: pathname.Append(
-				"system/bin",
-				"qemu-riscv64",
-			),
-		})
-		pkg.RegisterArch("arm64", container.BinfmtEntry{
-			Offset: 0,
-			Magic:  "\x7fELF\x02\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\xb7\x00",
-			Mask:   "\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfc\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff",
-			Interpreter: pathname.Append(
-				"system/bin",
-				"qemu-aarch64",
-			),
-		})
+		for arch, entry := range rosa.Arches(pathname) {
+			pkg.RegisterArch(arch, entry)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/search.go

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func (s *searchCache) clean() {
 }
 func indexsum(in [][]int) int {
 	sum := 0
-	for i := 0; i < len(in); i++ {
+	for i := range in {
 		sum += in[i][1] - in[i][0]
 	}
 	return sum

cmd/mbf/main.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/ed25519"
 	"crypto/sha512"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -31,12 +32,11 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 	"unique"
+	"unsafe"
 
 	"hakurei.app/check"
 	"hakurei.app/command"
 	"hakurei.app/container"
-	"hakurei.app/container/seccomp"
-	"hakurei.app/container/std"
 	"hakurei.app/ext"
 	"hakurei.app/fhs"
 	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
@@ -47,6 +47,19 @@ import (
 	"hakurei.app/cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui"
 )
 
+// writeFileExcl is like [os.WriteFile], but sets [os.O_EXCL] instead.
+func writeFileExcl(name string, data []byte, perm os.FileMode) error {
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(name, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL, perm)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = f.Write(data)
+	if err1 := f.Close(); err1 != nil && err == nil {
+		err = err1
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
 func main() {
 	container.TryArgv0(nil)
 
@@ -86,6 +99,8 @@ func main() {
 		flagCheck bool
 		flagLTO   bool
 		flagPT    bool
+		flagDry   bool
+		flagPath  string
 
 		flagSourcePath    string
 		flagCrossOverride int
@@ -107,6 +122,8 @@ func main() {
 		if cm.base == "" {
 			cm.base = "cache"
 		}
+		cm.mirror = os.ExpandEnv(cm.mirror)
+		azaleaPath := os.ExpandEnv(flagPath)
 
 		addr.Net = "unix"
 		addr.Name = os.ExpandEnv(addr.Name)
@@ -144,6 +161,17 @@ func main() {
 			}
 		}
 
+		if azaleaPath != "" {
+			var root *os.Root
+			if a, err := check.NewAbs(azaleaPath); err != nil {
+				return err
+			} else if root, err = os.OpenRoot(a.String()); err != nil {
+				return err
+			} else if err = rosa.Native().RegisterFS(root.FS()); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
 		return nil
 	}).Flag(
 		&flagQuiet,
@@ -185,6 +213,10 @@ func main() {
 		&cm.base,
 		"d", command.StringFlag("$MBF_CACHE_DIR"),
 		"Directory to store cured artifacts",
+	).Flag(
+		&cm.mirror,
+		"r", command.StringFlag("$MBF_REMOTE"),
+		"URL of mirror service",
 	).Flag(
 		&cm.idle,
 		"sched-idle", command.BoolFlag(false),
@@ -204,10 +236,18 @@ func main() {
 		&flagPT,
 		"parse-time", command.BoolFlag(false),
 		"Print duration of the initial azalea parse",
+	).Flag(
+		&flagDry,
+		"dry", command.BoolFlag(false),
+		"Do not destroy cache entries",
 	).Flag(
 		&flagSourcePath,
 		"source", command.StringFlag(""),
 		"Override hakurei source tree",
+	).Flag(
+		&flagPath,
+		"p", command.StringFlag("$AZALEA_PATH"),
+		"Load additional azalea files",
 	)
 
 	c.NewCommand(
@@ -360,7 +400,10 @@ func main() {
 	)
 
 	{
-		var flagJobs int
+		var (
+			flagJobs    int
+			flagNoBlock bool
+		)
 		c.NewCommand("updates", command.UsageInternal, func([]string) error {
 			var (
 				errsMu sync.Mutex
@@ -379,6 +422,11 @@ func main() {
 							continue
 						}
 
+						if !flagNoBlock && meta.Blocked != "" {
+							msg.Verbosef("%s is blocked: %s", meta.Name, meta.Blocked)
+							continue
+						}
+
 						v, err := meta.GetVersions(ctx)
 						if err != nil {
 							errsMu.Lock()
@@ -419,9 +467,23 @@ func main() {
 			&flagJobs,
 			"j", command.IntFlag(32),
 			"Maximum number of simultaneous connections",
+		).Flag(
+			&flagNoBlock,
+			"ignore-block", command.BoolFlag(false),
+			"Inhibit update blocking",
 		)
 	}
 
+	c.NewCommand("blocked", command.UsageInternal, func([]string) error {
+		for _, p := range rosa.Native().CollectAll() {
+			meta, _ := rosa.Native().Std().Load(p)
+			if meta.Blocked != "" {
+				fmt.Printf("%s: %s\n", meta.Name, meta.Blocked)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+
 	c.NewCommand(
 		"daemon",
 		"Service artifact IR with Rosa OS extensions",
@@ -435,6 +497,70 @@ func main() {
 		},
 	)
 
+	c.NewCommand(
+		"keygen",
+		"Create keypair for local cache",
+		func([]string) error {
+			pub, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			return errors.Join(writeFileExcl(filepath.Join(
+				cm.base,
+				"ed25519.pub",
+			), pub, 0444), writeFileExcl(filepath.Join(
+				cm.base,
+				"ed25519",
+			), priv, 0400))
+		},
+	)
+
+	c.NewCommand(
+		"serve",
+		"Export local cache as mirror",
+		func(args []string) error {
+			const shutdownTimeout = 15 * time.Second
+
+			if len(args) != 1 {
+				return errors.New("serve requires 1 argument")
+			}
+
+			var key ed25519.PrivateKey
+			if p, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(cm.base, "ed25519")); err != nil {
+				return err
+			} else if len(p) != ed25519.PrivateKeySize {
+				return errors.New("invalid private key")
+			} else {
+				key = p
+			}
+
+			var h http.Handler
+			if base, err := os.OpenRoot(cm.base); err != nil {
+				return err
+			} else {
+				h = rosa.NewMirror(msg, base.FS(), key)
+			}
+
+			server := http.Server{Addr: args[0], Handler: h}
+			go func() {
+				<-ctx.Done()
+				cc, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), shutdownTimeout)
+				defer cancel()
+				if err := server.Shutdown(cc); err != nil {
+					log.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}()
+
+			msg.Verbosef("listening on %q", args[0])
+			err := server.ListenAndServe()
+			if errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
+				err = nil
+			}
+			return err
+		},
+	)
+
 	{
 		var (
 			flagGentoo   string
@@ -568,7 +694,7 @@ func main() {
 							0400,
 						); err != nil {
 							return err
-						} else if _, err = pkg.Flatten(
+						} else if err = pkg.Write(
 							os.DirFS(pathname.String()),
 							".",
 							f,
@@ -604,7 +730,7 @@ func main() {
 						return cache.EnterExec(
 							ctx,
 							a,
-							true, os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr,
+							"", true, os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr,
 							rosa.AbsSystem.Append("bin", "mksh"),
 							"sh",
 						)
@@ -714,8 +840,9 @@ func main() {
 		)
 	}
 
-	c.NewCommand(
-		"clear",
+	cleanC := c.New("clean", "Remove unused entries from the cache")
+	cleanC.NewCommand(
+		"fault",
 		"Remove all fault entries from the cache",
 		func([]string) error {
 			return cm.Do(func(*pkg.Cache) error {
@@ -736,6 +863,58 @@ func main() {
 			})
 		},
 	)
+	cleanC.NewCommand(
+		"checksum",
+		"Remove unreachable checksum entries",
+		func([]string) error {
+			return cm.Do(func(cache *pkg.Cache) error {
+				_, checksums, err := cache.Clean(flagDry, false)
+				log.Printf("destroyed %d entries", len(checksums))
+				return err
+			})
+		},
+	)
+	{
+		var flagDeep bool
+		cleanC.NewCommand(
+			"all",
+			"Remove identifiers not reachable by loaded packages",
+			func([]string) error {
+				return cm.Do(func(cache *pkg.Cache) error {
+					t := rosa.Native().Clone().Std()
+					handles := t.CollectAll()
+
+					flags := t.Flags()
+					a := t.Append(nil, handles...)
+					for arch := range rosa.Arches(nil) {
+						if arch == runtime.GOARCH {
+							continue
+						}
+
+						t.DropCaches(arch, rosa.OptLLVMNoLTO|rosa.OptSkipCheck)
+						a = t.Append(a, handles...)
+						t.DropCaches(arch, flags)
+						a = t.Append(a, handles...)
+					}
+
+					ids, checksums, err := cache.Clean(
+						flagDry,
+						!flagDeep,
+						a...,
+					)
+					log.Printf(
+						"destroyed %d identifier and %d checksum entries",
+						len(ids), len(checksums),
+					)
+					return err
+				})
+			},
+		).Flag(
+			&flagDeep,
+			"deep", command.BoolFlag(false),
+			"Include transitive inputs",
+		)
+	}
 
 	c.NewCommand(
 		"abort",
@@ -754,6 +933,17 @@ func main() {
 			"shell",
 			"Interactive shell in the specified Rosa OS environment",
 			func(args []string) error {
+				resolvconf := "nameserver 1.1.1.1\nnameserver 1.0.0.1\n"
+				if p, err := os.ReadFile(fhs.AbsEtc.Append(
+					"resolv.conf",
+				).String()); err != nil {
+					if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+						return err
+					}
+				} else {
+					resolvconf = unsafe.String(unsafe.SliceData(p), len(p))
+				}
+
 				handles := make([]rosa.ArtifactH, len(args), len(args)+3)
 				for i, arg := range args {
 					handles[i] = rosa.ArtifactH(unique.Make(arg))
@@ -773,112 +963,42 @@ func main() {
 				)
 
 				root := make(pkg.Collect, 0, 6+len(args))
+				root = append(root, rosa.NewEtc(false))
 				root = rosa.Native().Std().Append(root, handles...)
 
-				if err := cm.Do(func(cache *pkg.Cache) error {
-					_, _, err := cache.Cure(&root)
-					return err
-				}); err == nil {
-					return errors.New("unreachable")
-				} else if !pkg.IsCollected(err) {
-					return err
-				}
-
-				type cureRes struct {
-					pathname *check.Absolute
-					checksum unique.Handle[pkg.Checksum]
-				}
-				cured := make(map[pkg.Artifact]cureRes)
-				for _, a := range root {
-					if err := cm.Do(func(cache *pkg.Cache) error {
-						pathname, checksum, err := cache.Cure(a)
-						if err == nil {
-							cured[a] = cureRes{pathname, checksum}
-						}
-						return err
-					}); err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-				}
-
-				// explicitly open for direct error-free use from this point
-				if cm.c == nil {
-					if err := cm.open(); err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-				}
-
-				layers := pkg.PromoteLayers(root, func(a pkg.Artifact) (
-					*check.Absolute,
-					unique.Handle[pkg.Checksum],
-				) {
-					res := cured[a]
-					return res.pathname, res.checksum
-				}, func(i int, d pkg.Artifact) {
-					r := pkg.Encode(cm.c.Ident(d).Value())
-					if s, ok := d.(fmt.Stringer); ok {
-						if name := s.String(); name != "" {
-							r += "-" + name
-						}
-					}
-					msg.Verbosef("promoted layer %d as %s", i, r)
-				})
-
-				z := container.New(ctx, msg)
-				z.WaitDelay = 3 * time.Second
-				z.SeccompPresets = pkg.SeccompPresets
-				z.SeccompFlags |= seccomp.AllowMultiarch
-				z.ParentPerm = 0700
-				z.HostNet = flagNet
-				z.RetainSession = flagSession
-				z.Hostname = "localhost"
-				z.Uid, z.Gid = (1<<10)-1, (1<<10)-1
-				z.Stdin, z.Stdout, z.Stderr = os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr
-				z.Quiet = !cm.verboseInit
-				if s, ok := os.LookupEnv("TERM"); ok {
-					z.Env = append(z.Env, "TERM="+s)
-				}
-
-				var tempdir *check.Absolute
-				if s, err := filepath.Abs(os.TempDir()); err != nil {
-					return err
-				} else if tempdir, err = check.NewAbs(s); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-
-				z.Dir = fhs.AbsRoot
-				z.Env = []string{
+				return cm.Do(func(cache *pkg.Cache) error {
+					return cache.EnterExec(
+						ctx,
+						pkg.NewExec(
+							"",
+							rosa.Native().Arch(),
+							new(pkg.Checksum),
+							1,
+							flagNet,
+							false,
+							fhs.AbsRoot,
+							[]string{
 								"SHELL=/system/bin/mksh",
 								"PATH=/system/bin",
 								"HOME=/",
-				}
-				z.Path = rosa.AbsSystem.Append("bin", "mksh")
-				z.Args = []string{"mksh"}
-				z.
-					OverlayEphemeral(fhs.AbsRoot, layers...).
-					Place(
-						fhs.AbsEtc.Append("hosts"),
-						[]byte("127.0.0.1 localhost\n"),
-					).
-					Place(
-						fhs.AbsEtc.Append("passwd"),
-						[]byte("media_rw:x:1023:1023::/:/system/bin/sh\n"+
-							"nobody:x:65534:65534::/proc/nonexistent:/system/bin/false\n"),
-					).
-					Place(
-						fhs.AbsEtc.Append("group"),
-						[]byte("media_rw:x:1023:\nnobody:x:65534:\n"),
-					).
-					Bind(tempdir, fhs.AbsTmp, std.BindWritable).
-					Proc(fhs.AbsProc).Dev(fhs.AbsDev, true)
-
-				if err := z.Start(); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				if err := z.Serve(); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				return z.Wait()
+							},
+							fhs.AbsProc.Append("nonexistent"),
+							nil,
+							pkg.Path(fhs.AbsRoot, true, root...),
+							pkg.Path(
+								fhs.AbsEtc.Append("resolv.conf"), false,
+								pkg.NewFile(
+									"resolv.conf",
+									unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(resolvconf), len(resolvconf)),
+								),
+							),
+						),
+						"localhost",
+						flagSession, os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr,
+						rosa.AbsSystem.Append("bin", "mksh"),
+						"sh",
+					)
+				})
 			},
 		).Flag(
 			&flagNet,
@@ -893,7 +1013,6 @@ func main() {
 			"with-toolchain", command.BoolFlag(false),
 			"Include the stage2 LLVM toolchain",
 		)
-
 	}
 
 	c.Command(

cmd/sharefs/fuse.go

@@ -508,8 +508,8 @@ func _main(s ...string) (exitCode int) {
 
 		if !z.AllowOrphan {
 			if err := z.Wait(); err != nil {
-				var exitError *exec.ExitError
-				if !errors.As(err, &exitError) || exitError == nil {
+				exitError, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](err)
+				if !ok || exitError == nil {
 					log.Println(err)
 					return 5
 				}

command/parse.go

@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ func (n *node) MustParse(arguments []string, handleError func(error)) {
 	case ErrEmptyTree:
 		os.Exit(1)
 	default:
-		var flagError FlagError
-		if !errors.As(err, &flagError) { // returned by HandlerFunc
+		flagError, ok := errors.AsType[FlagError](err)
+		if !ok { // returned by HandlerFunc
 			handleError(err)
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}

container/container.go

@@ -154,11 +154,8 @@ func (e *StartError) Error() string {
 		return e.Step
 	}
 
-	{
-		var syscallError *os.SyscallError
-		if errors.As(e.Err, &syscallError) && syscallError != nil {
-			return e.Step + " " + syscallError.Error()
-		}
+	if se, ok := errors.AsType[*os.SyscallError](e.Err); ok && se != nil {
+		return e.Step + " " + se.Error()
 	}
 
 	return e.Step + ": " + e.Err.Error()

container/dispatcher_test.go

@@ -235,8 +235,6 @@ func checkOpBehaviour(t *testing.T, testCases []opBehaviourTestCase) {
 	})
 }
 
-func sliceAddr[S any](s []S) *[]S { return &s }
-
 func newCheckedFile(t *testing.T, name, wantData string, closeErr error) osFile {
 	f := &checkedOsFile{t: t, name: name, want: wantData, closeErr: closeErr}
 	// check happens in Close, and cleanup is not guaranteed to run, so relying

container/errors.go

@@ -46,9 +46,8 @@ func messageFromError(err error) (m string, ok bool) {
 // While this is usable for pointer errors, such use should be avoided as nil
 // check is omitted.
 func messagePrefix[T error](prefix string, err error) (string, bool) {
-	var targetError T
-	if errors.As(err, &targetError) {
-		return prefix + targetError.Error(), true
+	if e, ok := errors.AsType[T](err); ok {
+		return prefix + e.Error(), true
 	}
 	return zeroString, false
 }
@@ -58,9 +57,8 @@ func messagePrefixP[V any, T interface {
 	*V
 	error
 }](prefix string, err error) (string, bool) {
-	var targetError T
-	if errors.As(err, &targetError) && targetError != nil {
-		return prefix + targetError.Error(), true
+	if e, ok := errors.AsType[T](err); ok && e != nil {
+		return prefix + e.Error(), true
 	}
 	return zeroString, false
 }
@@ -109,8 +107,8 @@ func optionalErrorUnwrap(err error) error {
 
 // errnoFallback returns the concrete errno from an error, or a [os.PathError] fallback.
 func errnoFallback(op, path string, err error) (syscall.Errno, *os.PathError) {
-	var errno syscall.Errno
-	if !errors.As(err, &errno) {
+	errno, ok := errors.AsType[syscall.Errno](err)
+	if !ok {
 		return 0, &os.PathError{Op: op, Path: path, Err: err}
 	}
 	return errno, nil

container/init_test.go

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 					Uid:            1 << 16,
 					Gid:            1 << 15,
 					Hostname:       "hakurei-check",
-					Ops:            (*Ops)(sliceAddr(make(Ops, 1))),
+					Ops:            new(make(Ops, 1)),
 					SeccompRules:   make([]std.NativeRule, 0),
 					SeccompPresets: std.PresetStrict,
 					RetainSession:  true,
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 					Uid:            1 << 16,
 					Gid:            1 << 15,
 					Hostname:       "hakurei-check",
-					Ops:            (*Ops)(sliceAddr(make(Ops, 1))),
+					Ops:            new(make(Ops, 1)),
 					SeccompRules:   make([]std.NativeRule, 0),
 					SeccompPresets: std.PresetStrict,
 					RetainSession:  true,
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 					Uid:            1 << 16,
 					Gid:            1 << 15,
 					Hostname:       "hakurei-check",
-					Ops:            (*Ops)(sliceAddr(make(Ops, 1))),
+					Ops:            new(make(Ops, 1)),
 					SeccompRules:   make([]std.NativeRule, 0),
 					SeccompPresets: std.PresetStrict,
 					RetainSession:  true,
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 					Uid:            1 << 16,
 					Gid:            1 << 15,
 					Hostname:       "hakurei-check",
-					Ops:            (*Ops)(sliceAddr(make(Ops, 1))),
+					Ops:            new(make(Ops, 1)),
 					SeccompRules:   make([]std.NativeRule, 0),
 					SeccompPresets: std.PresetStrict,
 					RetainSession:  true,
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 					Uid:            1 << 16,
 					Gid:            1 << 15,
 					Hostname:       "hakurei-check",
-					Ops:            (*Ops)(sliceAddr(make(Ops, 1))),
+					Ops:            new(make(Ops, 1)),
 					SeccompRules:   make([]std.NativeRule, 0),
 					SeccompPresets: std.PresetStrict,
 					RetainSession:  true,
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 					Uid:            1 << 16,
 					Gid:            1 << 15,
 					Hostname:       "hakurei-check",
-					Ops:            (*Ops)(sliceAddr(make(Ops, 1))),
+					Ops:            new(make(Ops, 1)),
 					SeccompRules:   make([]std.NativeRule, 0),
 					SeccompPresets: std.PresetStrict,
 					RetainSession:  true,
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 					Uid:            1 << 16,
 					Gid:            1 << 15,
 					Hostname:       "hakurei-check",
-					Ops:            (*Ops)(sliceAddr(make(Ops, 1))),
+					Ops:            new(make(Ops, 1)),
 					SeccompRules:   make([]std.NativeRule, 0),
 					SeccompPresets: std.PresetStrict,
 					RetainSession:  true,
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 					Uid:            1 << 16,
 					Gid:            1 << 15,
 					Hostname:       "hakurei-check",
-					Ops:            (*Ops)(sliceAddr(make(Ops, 1))),
+					Ops:            new(make(Ops, 1)),
 					SeccompRules:   make([]std.NativeRule, 0),
 					SeccompPresets: std.PresetStrict,
 					RetainSession:  true,

ext/ext_test.go

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func TestSyscall(t *testing.T) {
 					t.Errorf("Unmarshal: %v, want %v", got, tc.want)
 				}
 			})
-			if errors.As(tc.err, new(ext.SyscallNameError)) {
+			if _, ok := errors.AsType[ext.SyscallNameError](tc.err); ok {
 				return
 			}
 

flake.lock

@@ -7,32 +7,32 @@
         ]
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1772985280,
-        "narHash": "sha256-FdrNykOoY9VStevU4zjSUdvsL9SzJTcXt4omdEDZDLk=",
+        "lastModified": 1780361225,
+        "narHash": "sha256-wnV9ttf4fPWNonBIQmvlrSlNpQYgx5HgWWd007mwIFA=",
         "owner": "nix-community",
         "repo": "home-manager",
-        "rev": "8f736f007139d7f70752657dff6a401a585d6cbc",
+        "rev": "e28654b71096e08c019d4861ca26acb646f583d8",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
         "owner": "nix-community",
-        "ref": "release-25.11",
+        "ref": "release-26.05",
         "repo": "home-manager",
         "type": "github"
       }
     },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1772822230,
-        "narHash": "sha256-yf3iYLGbGVlIthlQIk5/4/EQDZNNEmuqKZkQssMljuw=",
+        "lastModified": 1780453794,
+        "narHash": "sha256-bXMRa9VTsHSPXL4Cw8R6JJLQeY3Y/IP4+YJCYVmQ7FY=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "71caefce12ba78d84fe618cf61644dce01cf3a96",
+        "rev": "6b316287bae2ee04c9b93c8c858d930fd07d7338",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
         "owner": "NixOS",
-        "ref": "nixos-25.11",
+        "ref": "nixos-26.05",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
         "type": "github"
       }

flake.nix

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
   description = "hakurei container tool and nixos module";
 
   inputs = {
-    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-25.11";
+    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-26.05";
 
     home-manager = {
-      url = "github:nix-community/home-manager/release-25.11";
+      url = "github:nix-community/home-manager/release-26.05";
       inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
     };
   };
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
           inherit (pkgs)
             runCommandLocal
             callPackage
-            nixfmt-rfc-style
+            nixfmt
             deadnix
             statix
             ;
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 
           sharefs = callPackage ./cmd/sharefs/test { inherit system self; };
 
-          formatting = runCommandLocal "check-formatting" { nativeBuildInputs = [ nixfmt-rfc-style ]; } ''
+          formatting = runCommandLocal "check-formatting" { nativeBuildInputs = [ nixfmt ]; } ''
             cd ${./.}
 
             echo "running nixfmt..."

hst/container.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package hst
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
@@ -68,6 +69,8 @@ const (
 	// FDevice mount /dev/ from the init mount namespace as is in the container
 	// mount namespace.
 	FDevice
+	// FCoverRun covers /run/ in the container mount namespace early.
+	FCoverRun
 
 	// FShareRuntime shares XDG_RUNTIME_DIR between containers under the same identity.
 	FShareRuntime
@@ -100,6 +103,8 @@ func (flags Flags) String() string {
 		return "mapuid"
 	case FDevice:
 		return "device"
+	case FCoverRun:
+		return "cover_run"
 	case FShareRuntime:
 		return "runtime"
 	case FShareTmpdir:
@@ -161,6 +166,10 @@ type ContainerConfig struct {
 	Flags Flags `json:"-"`
 }
 
+func (c *ContainerConfig) GoString() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("&%#v", *c)
+}
+
 // ContainerConfigF is [ContainerConfig] stripped of its methods.
 //
 // The [ContainerConfig.Flags] field does not survive a [json] round trip.
@@ -191,6 +200,8 @@ type containerConfigJSON = struct {
 
 	// Corresponds to [FDevice].
 	Device bool `json:"device,omitempty"`
+	// Corresponds to [FCoverRun].
+	CoverRun bool `json:"cover_run,omitempty"`
 
 	// Corresponds to [FShareRuntime].
 	ShareRuntime bool `json:"share_runtime,omitempty"`
@@ -214,6 +225,7 @@ func (c *ContainerConfig) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 		Multiarch:     c.Flags&FMultiarch != 0,
 		MapRealUID:    c.Flags&FMapRealUID != 0,
 		Device:        c.Flags&FDevice != 0,
+		CoverRun:      c.Flags&FCoverRun != 0,
 		ShareRuntime:  c.Flags&FShareRuntime != 0,
 		ShareTmpdir:   c.Flags&FShareTmpdir != 0,
 	})
@@ -257,6 +269,9 @@ func (c *ContainerConfig) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	if v.Device {
 		c.Flags |= FDevice
 	}
+	if v.CoverRun {
+		c.Flags |= FCoverRun
+	}
 	if v.ShareRuntime {
 		c.Flags |= FShareRuntime
 	}

hst/container_test.go

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ func TestFlagsString(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{"none", 0, "none"},
 		{"none high", hst.FAll + 1, "none"},
-		{"all", hst.FAll, "multiarch, compat, devel, userns, net, abstract, tty, mapuid, device, runtime, tmpdir"},
-		{"all high", math.MaxUint, "multiarch, compat, devel, userns, net, abstract, tty, mapuid, device, runtime, tmpdir"},
+		{"all", hst.FAll, "multiarch, compat, devel, userns, net, abstract, tty, mapuid, device, cover_run, runtime, tmpdir"},
+		{"all high", math.MaxUint, "multiarch, compat, devel, userns, net, abstract, tty, mapuid, device, cover_run, runtime, tmpdir"},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func TestContainerConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		{"hostnet hostabstract mapuid", &hst.ContainerConfig{Flags: hst.FHostNet | hst.FHostAbstract | hst.FMapRealUID},
 			`{"env":null,"filesystem":null,"shell":null,"home":null,"args":null,"host_net":true,"host_abstract":true,"map_real_uid":true}`},
 		{"all", &hst.ContainerConfig{Flags: hst.FAll},
-			`{"env":null,"filesystem":null,"shell":null,"home":null,"args":null,"seccomp_compat":true,"devel":true,"userns":true,"host_net":true,"host_abstract":true,"tty":true,"multiarch":true,"map_real_uid":true,"device":true,"share_runtime":true,"share_tmpdir":true}`},
+			`{"env":null,"filesystem":null,"shell":null,"home":null,"args":null,"seccomp_compat":true,"devel":true,"userns":true,"host_net":true,"host_abstract":true,"tty":true,"multiarch":true,"map_real_uid":true,"device":true,"cover_run":true,"share_runtime":true,"share_tmpdir":true}`},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {

hst/dbus.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package hst
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 )
@@ -61,6 +62,10 @@ type BusConfig struct {
 	Filter bool `json:"filter"`
 }
 
+func (c *BusConfig) GoString() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("&%#v", *c)
+}
+
 // Interfaces iterates over all interface strings specified in [BusConfig].
 func (c *BusConfig) Interfaces(yield func(string) bool) {
 	if c == nil {

hst/fs.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
+	"strings"
 
 	"hakurei.app/check"
 )
@@ -36,6 +37,8 @@ type Ops interface {
 	Bind(source, target *check.Absolute, flags int) Ops
 	// Overlay appends an op that mounts the overlay pseudo filesystem.
 	Overlay(target, state, work *check.Absolute, layers ...*check.Absolute) Ops
+	// OverlayEphemeral appends a MountOverlayOp with an ephemeral upperdir and workdir.
+	OverlayEphemeral(target *check.Absolute, layers ...*check.Absolute) Ops
 	// OverlayReadonly appends an op that mounts the overlay pseudo filesystem readonly.
 	OverlayReadonly(target *check.Absolute, layers ...*check.Absolute) Ops
 
@@ -78,17 +81,17 @@ type FSImplError struct{ Value FilesystemConfig }
 
 func (f FSImplError) Error() string {
 	implType := reflect.TypeOf(f.Value)
-	var name string
-	for implType != nil && implType.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-		name += "*"
+	var buf strings.Builder
+	for implType != nil && implType.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
+		buf.WriteByte('*')
 		implType = implType.Elem()
 	}
 	if implType != nil {
-		name += implType.Name()
+		buf.WriteString(implType.Name())
 	} else {
-		name += "nil"
+		buf.WriteString("nil")
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("implementation %s not supported", name)
+	return "implementation " + buf.String() + " not supported"
 }
 
 // FilesystemConfigJSON is the [json] adapter for [FilesystemConfig].

hst/fs_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package hst_test
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ func TestFilesystemConfigJSON(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Run("marshal", func(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Parallel()
 				wantErr := tc.wantErr
-				if errors.As(wantErr, new(hst.FSTypeError)) {
+				if _, ok := errors.AsType[hst.FSTypeError](wantErr); ok {
 					// for unsupported implementation tc
 					wantErr = hst.FSImplError{Value: stubFS{"cat"}}
 				}
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ func TestFilesystemConfigJSON(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Run("unmarshal", func(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Parallel()
 				if tc.data == "\x00" && tc.sData == "\x00" {
-					if errors.As(tc.wantErr, new(hst.FSImplError)) {
+					if _, ok := errors.AsType[hst.FSImplError](tc.wantErr); ok {
 						// this error is only returned on marshal
 						return
 					}
@@ -283,11 +284,11 @@ func checkFs(t *testing.T, testCases []fsTestCase) {
 				if !reflect.DeepEqual(ops, &tc.ops) {
 					gotString := new(strings.Builder)
 					for _, op := range *ops {
-						gotString.WriteString("\n" + op.String())
+						gotString.WriteString("\n" + fmt.Sprintf("%#v", op))
 					}
 					wantString := new(strings.Builder)
 					for _, op := range tc.ops {
-						wantString.WriteString("\n" + op.String())
+						wantString.WriteString("\n" + fmt.Sprintf("%#v", op))
 					}
 					t.Errorf("Apply: %s, want %s", gotString, wantString)
 				}
@@ -339,6 +340,10 @@ func (p opsAdapter) Overlay(target, state, work *check.Absolute, layers ...*chec
 	return opsAdapter{p.Ops.Overlay(target, state, work, layers...)}
 }
 
+func (p opsAdapter) OverlayEphemeral(target *check.Absolute, layers ...*check.Absolute) hst.Ops {
+	return opsAdapter{p.Ops.OverlayEphemeral(target, layers...)}
+}
+
 func (p opsAdapter) OverlayReadonly(target *check.Absolute, layers ...*check.Absolute) hst.Ops {
 	return opsAdapter{p.Ops.OverlayReadonly(target, layers...)}
 }

hst/fsephemeral.go

@@ -43,18 +43,13 @@ func (e *FSEphemeral) Apply(z *ApplyState) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	size := e.Size
-	if size < 0 {
-		size = 0
-	}
-
 	perm := e.Perm
 	if perm == 0 {
 		perm = fsEphemeralDefaultPerm
 	}
 
 	if e.Write {
-		z.Tmpfs(e.Target, size, perm)
+		z.Tmpfs(e.Target, max(e.Size, 0), perm)
 	} else {
 		z.Readonly(e.Target, perm)
 	}

hst/fsoverlay.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package hst
 
 import (
 	"encoding/gob"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
 	"hakurei.app/check"
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ func (o *FSOverlay) Valid() bool {
 	}
 
 	if o.Upper != nil { // rw
-		return o.Work != nil && len(o.Lower) > 0
+		return o.Work != nil || len(o.Lower) > 0
 	} else { // ro
 		return len(o.Lower) >= 2
 	}
@@ -58,8 +59,11 @@ func (o *FSOverlay) Host() []*check.Absolute {
 		return nil
 	}
 	p := make([]*check.Absolute, 0, 2+len(o.Lower))
-	if o.Upper != nil && o.Work != nil {
-		p = append(p, o.Upper, o.Work)
+	if o.Upper != nil {
+		p = append(p, o.Upper)
+		if o.Work != nil {
+			p = append(p, o.Work)
+		}
 	}
 	p = append(p, o.Lower...)
 	return p
@@ -70,11 +74,18 @@ func (o *FSOverlay) Apply(z *ApplyState) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if o.Upper != nil && o.Work != nil {
-		z.Overlay(o.Target, o.Upper, o.Work, o.Lower...)
+	if o.Upper != nil {
 		if o.Target.Is(fhs.AbsRoot) {
 			z.NoRemountRoot = true
 		}
+		if o.Work != nil {
+			z.Overlay(o.Target, o.Upper, o.Work, o.Lower...)
+		} else {
+			z.OverlayEphemeral(o.Target, slices.Concat(
+				o.Lower,
+				[]*check.Absolute{o.Upper})...,
+			)
+		}
 	} else {
 		z.OverlayReadonly(o.Target, o.Lower...)
 	}
@@ -90,12 +101,19 @@ func (o *FSOverlay) String() string {
 		lower[i] = check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(a.String())
 	}
 
-	if o.Upper != nil && o.Work != nil {
+	if o.Upper != nil {
+		if o.Work != nil {
 			return "w*" + strings.Join(append([]string{
 				check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(o.Target.String()),
 				check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(o.Upper.String()),
 				check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(o.Work.String())},
 				lower...), check.SpecialOverlayPath)
+		}
+		return "e*" + strings.Join(append([]string{
+			check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(o.Target.String()),
+			check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(o.Upper.String())},
+			lower...), check.SpecialOverlayPath)
+
 	} else {
 		return "*" + strings.Join(append([]string{
 			check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(o.Target.String())},

hst/fsoverlay_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 
 	"hakurei.app/check"
 	"hakurei.app/container"
+	"hakurei.app/fhs"
 	"hakurei.app/hst"
 )
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ func TestFSOverlay(t *testing.T) {
 	checkFs(t, []fsTestCase{
 		{"nil", (*hst.FSOverlay)(nil), false, nil, nil, nil, "<invalid>"},
 		{"nil lower", &hst.FSOverlay{Target: m("/etc"), Lower: []*check.Absolute{nil}}, false, nil, nil, nil, "<invalid>"},
-		{"zero lower", &hst.FSOverlay{Target: m("/etc"), Upper: m("/"), Work: m("/")}, false, nil, nil, nil, "<invalid>"},
+		{"zero lower", &hst.FSOverlay{Target: m("/etc"), Work: m("/")}, false, nil, nil, nil, "<invalid>"},
 		{"zero lower ro", &hst.FSOverlay{Target: m("/etc")}, false, nil, nil, nil, "<invalid>"},
 		{"short lower", &hst.FSOverlay{Target: m("/etc"), Lower: ms("/etc")}, false, nil, nil, nil, "<invalid>"},
 
@@ -62,5 +63,16 @@ func TestFSOverlay(t *testing.T) {
 			Work:   m("/tmp/work"),
 		}}, m("/"), ms("/tmp/upper", "/tmp/work", "/tmp/.src0", "/tmp/.src1"),
 			"w*/:/tmp/upper:/tmp/work:/tmp/.src0:/tmp/.src1"},
+
+		{"ephemeral", &hst.FSOverlay{
+			Target: m("/"),
+			Lower:  ms("/tmp/.src0", "/tmp/.src1"),
+			Upper:  m("/tmp/upper"),
+		}, true, container.Ops{&container.MountOverlayOp{
+			Target: m("/"),
+			Lower:  ms("/tmp/.src0", "/tmp/.src1", "/tmp/upper"),
+			Upper:  fhs.AbsRoot,
+		}}, m("/"), ms("/tmp/upper", "/tmp/.src0", "/tmp/.src1"),
+			"e*/:/tmp/upper:/tmp/.src0:/tmp/.src1"},
 	})
 }

hst/hst_test.go

@@ -245,6 +245,7 @@ func TestTemplate(t *testing.T) {
 		"multiarch": true,
 		"map_real_uid": true,
 		"device": true,
+		"cover_run": true,
 		"share_runtime": true,
 		"share_tmpdir": true
 	}

internal/dbus/address.go

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func unescapeValue(v []byte) (val []byte, errno ParseError) {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if ib := bytes.IndexByte([]byte("-_/.\\*"), b); ib != -1 { // - // _/.\*
+		if found := bytes.Contains([]byte("-_/.\\*"), []byte{b}); found { // - // _/.\*
 			goto opt
 		} else if b >= '0' && b <= '9' { // 0-9
 			goto opt
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ func unescapeValue(v []byte) (val []byte, errno ParseError) {
 			break
 		}
 		if c, err := hex.Decode(val[i:i+1], v[iu+1:iu+3]); err != nil {
-			if errors.As(err, new(hex.InvalidByteError)) {
+			if _, ok := errors.AsType[hex.InvalidByteError](err); ok {
 				errno = ErrBadValHexByte
 				break
 			}

internal/kobject/kobject.go

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ func (o *Object) update(env map[string]string, strip bool) {
 // A pendingIterator is a callback currently iterating through objects targeted
 // by ongoing events.
 type pendingIterator struct {
-	f    func(o *Object) bool
+	f    func(o *Object, act uevent.KobjectAction) bool
 	done chan<- struct{}
 }
 
@@ -150,12 +150,12 @@ func (s *State) deleteIter(p *pendingIterator) {
 }
 
 // dispatchIter broadcasts an [Object] to all alive iterators.
-func (s *State) dispatchIter(o *Object) {
+func (s *State) dispatchIter(o *Object, act uevent.KobjectAction) {
 	s.iterMu.Lock()
 	defer s.iterMu.Unlock()
 
 	for _, p := range s.iter {
-		if !p.f(o) {
+		if !p.f(o, act) {
 			s.deleteIter(p)
 			close(p.done)
 		}
@@ -165,14 +165,17 @@ func (s *State) dispatchIter(o *Object) {
 // Range calls f on all current and upcoming [Object] values tracked by s until
 // f returns false or the context is cancelled. f must not retain o or modify
 // the value it points to.
-func (s *State) Range(ctx context.Context, f func(o *Object) bool) {
+func (s *State) Range(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	f func(o *Object, act uevent.KobjectAction) bool,
+) {
 	done := make(chan struct{})
 	p := pendingIterator{f, done}
 
 	s.iterMu.Lock()
 	s.ueventMu.RLock()
 	for _, o := range s.uevent {
-		if !f(o) {
+		if !f(o, uevent.KOBJ_ADD) {
 			s.ueventMu.RUnlock()
 			s.iterMu.Unlock()
 			return
@@ -296,13 +299,13 @@ func (s *State) processEvent(e *Event) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	switch e.Action {
+	switch act := e.Action; act {
 	case uevent.KOBJ_ADD:
 		if e.Synth == nil {
 			if o, ok := s.uevent[e.DevPath]; ok {
 				s.reportErr(e.NewError(EDuplicateAdd, o))
 				o.merge(e.Env)
-				s.dispatchIter(o)
+				s.dispatchIter(o, act)
 				return
 			}
 		}
@@ -312,7 +315,7 @@ func (s *State) processEvent(e *Event) {
 		}
 		o.merge(e.Env)
 		s.uevent[e.DevPath] = o
-		s.dispatchIter(o)
+		s.dispatchIter(o, act)
 		return
 
 	case uevent.KOBJ_REMOVE:
@@ -338,14 +341,14 @@ func (s *State) processEvent(e *Event) {
 			o = e.makeColdboot()
 			o.merge(e.Env)
 			s.uevent[e.DevPath] = o
-			s.dispatchIter(o)
+			s.dispatchIter(o, act)
 			return
 		}
 		o.update(e.Env, true)
 		if s.handleChange != nil {
 			s.handleChange(o, e.Env)
 		}
-		s.dispatchIter(o)
+		s.dispatchIter(o, act)
 		return
 
 	case uevent.KOBJ_MOVE:
@@ -368,7 +371,7 @@ func (s *State) processEvent(e *Event) {
 		o.merge(e.Env)
 		s.uevent[e.DevPath] = o
 		o.DevPath = e.DevPath
-		s.dispatchIter(o)
+		s.dispatchIter(o, act)
 		return
 
 	case uevent.KOBJ_ONLINE:
@@ -384,7 +387,7 @@ func (s *State) processEvent(e *Event) {
 			s.reportErr(e.NewError(EUnexpectedOffline, o))
 		}
 		o.Offline = false
-		s.dispatchIter(o)
+		s.dispatchIter(o, act)
 		return
 
 	case uevent.KOBJ_OFFLINE:
@@ -400,7 +403,7 @@ func (s *State) processEvent(e *Event) {
 			s.reportErr(e.NewError(EUnexpectedOffline, o))
 		}
 		o.Offline = true
-		s.dispatchIter(o)
+		s.dispatchIter(o, act)
 		return
 
 	case uevent.KOBJ_BIND:
@@ -416,7 +419,7 @@ func (s *State) processEvent(e *Event) {
 		}
 		o.State = StateBound
 		o.merge(e.Env)
-		s.dispatchIter(o)
+		s.dispatchIter(o, act)
 		return
 
 	case uevent.KOBJ_UNBIND:
@@ -432,7 +435,7 @@ func (s *State) processEvent(e *Event) {
 		}
 		o.State = StateNew
 		o.Driver = ""
-		s.dispatchIter(o)
+		s.dispatchIter(o, act)
 		return
 
 	default: // not reached

internal/kobject/kobject_test.go

@@ -388,7 +388,9 @@ func TestIter(t *testing.T) {
 			"SEQNUM=1",
 		}}
 		synctest.Wait()
-		s.Range(t.Context(), func(o *Object) bool { return false })
+		s.Range(t.Context(), func(*Object, uevent.KobjectAction) bool {
+			return false
+		})
 
 		var got []*Object
 		check := func(want []*Object) {
@@ -405,7 +407,7 @@ func TestIter(t *testing.T) {
 		defer cancel()
 		var done bool
 		wg.Go(func() {
-			s.Range(ctx, func(o *Object) bool {
+			s.Range(ctx, func(o *Object, _ uevent.KobjectAction) bool {
 				got = append(got, o.Clone())
 				return !done
 			})
@@ -437,7 +439,11 @@ func TestIter(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		})
 
-		wg.Go(func() { s.Range(ctx, func(*Object) bool { return true }) })
+		wg.Go(func() {
+			s.Range(ctx, func(*Object, uevent.KobjectAction) bool {
+				return true
+			})
+		})
 		synctest.Wait()
 
 		iter := reflect.ValueOf(s).Elem().FieldByName("iter")

internal/lockedfile/transform_test.go

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func TestTransform(t *testing.T) {
 
 	const maxChunkWords = 8 << 10
 	buf := make([]byte, 2*maxChunkWords*8)
-	for i := uint64(0); i < 2*maxChunkWords; i++ {
+	for i := range uint64(2 * maxChunkWords) {
 		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(buf[i*8:], i)
 	}
 	if err := lockedfile.Write(path, bytes.NewReader(buf[:8]), 0666); err != nil {

internal/outcome/finalise.go

@@ -58,8 +58,7 @@ func (k *outcome) finalise(
 	supp := make([]string, len(config.Groups))
 	for i, name := range config.Groups {
 		if gid, err := k.lookupGroupId(name); err != nil {
-			var unknownGroupError user.UnknownGroupError
-			if errors.As(err, &unknownGroupError) {
+			if unknownGroupError, ok := errors.AsType[user.UnknownGroupError](err); ok {
 				return newWithMessageError(fmt.Sprintf("unknown group %q", name), unknownGroupError)
 			} else {
 				return &hst.AppError{Step: "look up group by name", Err: err, Msg: err.Error()}

internal/outcome/hsu.go

@@ -51,18 +51,16 @@ func (h *Hsu) ID() (int, error) {
 		cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr // pass through fatal messages
 		cmd.Env = make([]string, 0)
 		cmd.Dir = fhs.Root
-		var (
-			p         []byte
-			exitError *exec.ExitError
-		)
-
+		var p []byte
 		const step = "obtain uid from hsu"
 		if p, h.idErr = h.k.cmdOutput(cmd); h.idErr == nil {
 			h.id, h.idErr = strconv.Atoi(string(p))
 			if h.idErr != nil {
 				h.idErr = &hst.AppError{Step: step, Err: h.idErr, Msg: "invalid uid string from hsu"}
 			}
-		} else if errors.As(h.idErr, &exitError) && exitError != nil && exitError.ExitCode() == 1 {
+		} else if exitError, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](h.idErr); ok &&
+			exitError != nil &&
+			exitError.ExitCode() == 1 {
 			// hsu prints an error message in this case
 			h.idErr = &hst.AppError{Step: step, Err: ErrHsuAccess}
 		} else if errors.Is(h.idErr, os.ErrNotExist) {

internal/outcome/process.go

@@ -328,11 +328,11 @@ func (k *outcome) main(msg message.Msg, identifierFd int) {
 				}
 
 				if err := k.sys.Revert((*system.Criteria)(&ec)); err != nil {
-					var joinError interface {
+					joinError, ok := errors.AsType[interface {
 						Unwrap() []error
 						error
-					}
-					if !errors.As(err, &joinError) || joinError == nil {
+					}](err)
+					if !ok || joinError == nil {
 						perror(err, "revert system setup")
 					} else {
 						for _, v := range joinError.Unwrap() {

internal/outcome/run_test.go

@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ func TestOutcomeRun(t *testing.T) {
 				Tmpfs(fhs.AbsDevShm, 0, 01777).
 
 				// spRuntimeOp
+				Tmpfs(fhs.AbsRun, xdgRuntimeDirSize, 0755).
 				Tmpfs(fhs.AbsRunUser, xdgRuntimeDirSize, 0755).
 				Bind(m("/tmp/hakurei.0/runtime/9"), m("/run/user/1971"), std.BindWritable).
 

internal/outcome/shim.go

@@ -390,8 +390,8 @@ func shimEntrypoint(k syscallDispatcher) {
 	if err := k.containerWait(z); err != nil {
 		sp.destroy()
 
-		var exitError *exec.ExitError
-		if !errors.As(err, &exitError) {
+		exitError, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](err)
+		if !ok {
 			if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
 				k.exit(hst.ExitCancel)
 			}

internal/outcome/shim_test.go

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ func TestShimEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 			Tmpfs(fhs.AbsDevShm, 0, 01777).
 
 			// spRuntimeOp
+			Tmpfs(fhs.AbsRun, xdgRuntimeDirSize, 0755).
 			Tmpfs(fhs.AbsRunUser, xdgRuntimeDirSize, 0755).
 			Bind(m("/tmp/hakurei.10/runtime/9999"), m("/run/user/1000"), std.BindWritable).
 

internal/outcome/spcontainer.go

@@ -382,6 +382,10 @@ func (p opsAdapter) Overlay(target, state, work *check.Absolute, layers ...*chec
 	return opsAdapter{p.Ops.Overlay(target, state, work, layers...)}
 }
 
+func (p opsAdapter) OverlayEphemeral(target *check.Absolute, layers ...*check.Absolute) hst.Ops {
+	return opsAdapter{p.Ops.OverlayEphemeral(target, layers...)}
+}
+
 func (p opsAdapter) OverlayReadonly(target *check.Absolute, layers ...*check.Absolute) hst.Ops {
 	return opsAdapter{p.Ops.OverlayReadonly(target, layers...)}
 }

internal/outcome/spruntime.go

@@ -113,6 +113,9 @@ func (s *spRuntimeOp) toContainer(state *outcomeStateParams) error {
 
 	}
 
+	if state.Container.Flags&hst.FCoverRun != 0 {
+		state.params.Tmpfs(fhs.AbsRun, xdgRuntimeDirSize, 0755)
+	}
 	state.params.Tmpfs(fhs.AbsRunUser, xdgRuntimeDirSize, 0755)
 	if state.Container.Flags&hst.FShareRuntime != 0 {
 		_, runtimeDirInst := s.commonPaths(state.outcomeState)

internal/outcome/spruntime_test.go

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ func TestSpRuntimeOp(t *testing.T) {
 			// this op configures the container state and does not make calls during toContainer
 		}, &container.Params{
 			Ops: new(container.Ops).
+				Tmpfs(fhs.AbsRun, xdgRuntimeDirSize, 0755).
 				Tmpfs(fhs.AbsRunUser, xdgRuntimeDirSize, 0755).
 				Bind(m("/proc/nonexistent/tmp/hakurei.0/runtime/9"), m("/run/user/1000"), std.BindWritable),
 		}, paramsWantEnv(config, map[string]string{
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ func TestSpRuntimeOp(t *testing.T) {
 			// this op configures the container state and does not make calls during toContainer
 		}, &container.Params{
 			Ops: new(container.Ops).
+				Tmpfs(fhs.AbsRun, xdgRuntimeDirSize, 0755).
 				Tmpfs(fhs.AbsRunUser, xdgRuntimeDirSize, 0755).
 				Bind(m("/proc/nonexistent/tmp/hakurei.0/runtime/9"), m("/run/user/1000"), std.BindWritable),
 		}, paramsWantEnv(config, map[string]string{
@@ -94,6 +96,7 @@ func TestSpRuntimeOp(t *testing.T) {
 			// this op configures the container state and does not make calls during toContainer
 		}, &container.Params{
 			Ops: new(container.Ops).
+				Tmpfs(fhs.AbsRun, xdgRuntimeDirSize, 0755).
 				Tmpfs(fhs.AbsRunUser, xdgRuntimeDirSize, 0755).
 				Bind(m("/proc/nonexistent/tmp/hakurei.0/runtime/9"), m("/run/user/1000"), std.BindWritable),
 		}, paramsWantEnv(config, map[string]string{
@@ -117,6 +120,7 @@ func TestSpRuntimeOp(t *testing.T) {
 			// this op configures the container state and does not make calls during toContainer
 		}, &container.Params{
 			Ops: new(container.Ops).
+				Tmpfs(fhs.AbsRun, xdgRuntimeDirSize, 0755).
 				Tmpfs(fhs.AbsRunUser, xdgRuntimeDirSize, 0755).
 				Bind(m("/proc/nonexistent/tmp/hakurei.0/runtime/9"), m("/run/user/1000"), std.BindWritable),
 		}, paramsWantEnv(config, map[string]string{

internal/pipewire/pod.go

@@ -176,8 +176,8 @@ func marshalValueAppendRaw(data []byte, v reflect.Value) ([]byte, error) {
 	case reflect.Struct:
 		data = SPA_TYPE_Struct.append(data)
 		var err error
-		for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ {
-			data, err = marshalValueAppend(data, v.Field(i))
+		for _, field := range v.Fields() {
+			data, err = marshalValueAppend(data, field)
 			if err != nil {
 				return data, err
 			}
@@ -370,8 +370,8 @@ func unmarshalValue(data []byte, v reflect.Value, wireSizeP *Word) error {
 		}
 
 		var fieldWireSize Word
-		for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ {
-			if err := unmarshalValue(data, v.Field(i), &fieldWireSize); err != nil {
+		for _, field := range v.Fields() {
+			if err := unmarshalValue(data, field, &fieldWireSize); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 			// bounds check completed in successful call to unmarshalValue

internal/pkg/archive.go

@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+package pkg
+
+import (
+	"crypto/sha512"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"hakurei.app/check"
+)
+
+/*
+| mode uint32 | path_sz uint32 |
+|        data_sz uint64        |
+|         path string          |
+|         data []byte          |
+*/
+
+// An ArchiveHeader represents a single header in an archive.
+type ArchiveHeader struct {
+	Mode fs.FileMode // file mode bits
+	Path string      // pathname of the file
+	Size uint64      // size of data segment
+}
+
+// Writer implements sequential writing of an archive. [Writer.WriteHeader]
+// begins a new file with the provided [ArchiveHeader], and then Writer can be
+// treated as an [io.Writer] to supply that file's data.
+//
+// It is the caller's responsibility to write entries in lexical order.
+type Writer struct {
+	// Underlying writer.
+	w io.Writer
+	// Current header.
+	h ArchiveHeader
+	// Fixed-size header segment.
+	buf [wordSize * 2]byte
+	// Current position in data segment.
+	n uint64
+}
+
+// NewWriter returns the address of a new [Writer] writing to w.
+func NewWriter(w io.Writer) *Writer { return &Writer{w: w} }
+
+var zero [wordSize]byte
+
+// padSize returns the padding size for aligning sz.
+func padSize[T int | uint64](sz T) T {
+	return (wordSize - (sz)%wordSize) % wordSize
+}
+
+// flush concludes writing to the current file and writes padding.
+func (aw *Writer) flush() error {
+	if aw.h.Size > aw.n {
+		return fmt.Errorf("missed writing %d bytes", aw.h.Size-aw.n)
+	} else if aw.h.Size < aw.n {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wrote %d bytes beyond end of file", aw.n-aw.h.Size)
+	}
+
+	if psz := padSize(aw.h.Size); psz != 0 {
+		if _, err := aw.w.Write(zero[:psz]); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	aw.n = 0
+	return nil
+}
+
+// WriteHeader writes h and begins accepting its corresponding file.
+func (aw *Writer) WriteHeader(h *ArchiveHeader) error {
+	if err := aw.flush(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	aw.h = *h
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(aw.buf[:], uint32(aw.h.Mode))
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(aw.buf[wordSize/2:], uint32(len(aw.h.Path)))
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(aw.buf[wordSize:], aw.h.Size)
+	if _, err := aw.w.Write(aw.buf[:]); err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else if _, err = aw.w.Write(
+		unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(aw.h.Path), len(aw.h.Path)),
+	); err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else if psz := padSize(len(aw.h.Path)); psz != 0 {
+		if _, err = aw.w.Write(zero[:psz]); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Write writes p to the underlying writer and records the new position. Invalid
+// positions are reported by WriteHeader and Close.
+func (aw *Writer) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	n, err = aw.w.Write(p)
+	aw.n += uint64(n)
+	return
+}
+
+// Close concludes writing to the archive stream.
+func (aw *Writer) Close() (err error) {
+	err = aw.flush()
+	aw.w = nil
+	return
+}
+
+// ErrInsecurePath is returned by [FlatEntry.Decode] if validation is requested
+// and a nonlocal path is encountered in the stream.
+var ErrInsecurePath = errors.New("insecure file path")
+
+// Reader implements sequential reading of an archive. [Reader.Next] advances to
+// the next file in the archive (including the first), and then Reader can be
+// treated as an [io.Reader] to access the file's data.
+type Reader struct {
+	// Underlying reader.
+	r io.Reader
+	// Fixed-size header segment.
+	buf [wordSize * 2]byte
+	// Remaining bytes in current data segment.
+	n, pad uint64
+}
+
+// NewReader returns the address of a new [Reader] reading from r.
+func NewReader(r io.Reader) *Reader { return &Reader{r: r} }
+
+// Next advances ar to the next entry. Remaining bytes of the current data
+// segment are discarded. Advancing beyond the final entry returns [io.EOF].
+func (ar *Reader) Next() (*ArchiveHeader, error) {
+	if dsz := int64(ar.n + ar.pad); dsz > 0 {
+		if n, err := io.CopyN(io.Discard, ar.r, dsz); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) && n != dsz {
+				err = io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(ar.r, ar.buf[:]); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	h := ArchiveHeader{
+		Mode: fs.FileMode(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(ar.buf[:])),
+		Size: binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(ar.buf[wordSize:]),
+	}
+	pathSize := int(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(ar.buf[wordSize/2:]))
+	pPathSize := alignSize(pathSize)
+
+	buf := make([]byte, pPathSize)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(ar.r, buf); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			err = io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	h.Path = unsafe.String(unsafe.SliceData(buf), pathSize)
+	if !filepath.IsLocal(h.Path) {
+		return &h, ErrInsecurePath
+	}
+
+	ar.n = h.Size
+	ar.pad = padSize(h.Size)
+	return &h, nil
+}
+
+// Read implements [io.Reader] for the data segment of the current entry.
+func (ar *Reader) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	if uint64(len(p)) > ar.n {
+		p = p[:ar.n]
+	}
+
+	if len(p) > 0 {
+		n, err = ar.r.Read(p)
+		ar.n -= uint64(n)
+	}
+
+	switch err {
+	case io.EOF:
+		if ar.n > 0 {
+			return n, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+
+	case nil:
+		if ar.n == 0 {
+			return n, io.EOF
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// Write writes a deterministic representation of the contents of fsys to w.
+// The resulting data can be hashed to produce a deterministic checksum for the
+// directory.
+func Write(fsys fs.FS, root string, w io.Writer) error {
+	aw := NewWriter(w)
+	if err := fs.WalkDir(fsys, root, func(path string, d fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		var fi fs.FileInfo
+		fi, err = d.Info()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		h := ArchiveHeader{
+			Path: path,
+			Mode: fi.Mode(),
+		}
+		if h.Mode.IsRegular() {
+			h.Size = uint64(fi.Size())
+			if err = aw.WriteHeader(&h); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			var r fs.File
+			r, err = fsys.Open(path)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			_, err = io.Copy(aw, r)
+			if _err := r.Close(); err == nil {
+				err = _err
+			}
+			return err
+		} else if h.Mode&fs.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+			var newpath string
+			if newpath, err = fs.ReadLink(fsys, path); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			h.Size = uint64(len(newpath))
+			if err = aw.WriteHeader(&h); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			_, err = aw.Write(unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(newpath), len(newpath)))
+			return err
+		} else if !h.Mode.IsDir() {
+			return InvalidFileModeError(h.Mode)
+		}
+		return aw.WriteHeader(&h)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return aw.Close()
+}
+
+// SumFS saves checksum of the archive of fsys to the value pointed to by buf.
+func SumFS(buf *Checksum, fsys fs.FS, root string) error {
+	h := sha512.New384()
+	if err := Write(fsys, root, h); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	h.Sum(buf[:0])
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SumDir saves checksum of the archive of directory at pathname to the value
+// pointed to by buf.
+func SumDir(buf *Checksum, pathname *check.Absolute) error {
+	return SumFS(buf, os.DirFS(pathname.String()), ".")
+}
+
+// archiveArtifact is an [Artifact] unpacking an archive supported by [Reader]
+// backed by a [FileArtifact].
+type archiveArtifact struct {
+	// Caller-supplied backing archive.
+	f Artifact
+}
+
+// NewArchive returns a new [Artifact] backed by the supplied [Artifact]. The
+// source [Artifact] must be a [FileArtifact] and produce a stream compatible
+// with [Reader].
+func NewArchive(a Artifact) Artifact {
+	return archiveArtifact{a}
+}
+
+// Kind returns the hardcoded [Kind] constant.
+func (archiveArtifact) Kind() Kind { return KindArchive }
+
+// Params is a noop.
+func (archiveArtifact) Params(*IContext) {}
+
+func init() {
+	register(KindArchive, func(r *IRReader) Artifact {
+		a := NewArchive(r.Next())
+		if _, ok := r.Finalise(); ok {
+			panic(ErrUnexpectedChecksum)
+		}
+		return a
+	})
+}
+
+// Dependencies returns a slice containing the backing file.
+func (a archiveArtifact) Dependencies() []Artifact {
+	return []Artifact{a.f}
+}
+
+// IsExclusive returns false: [Reader] is fully sequential.
+func (archiveArtifact) IsExclusive() bool { return false }
+
+// Cure cures the [Artifact], producing a directory located at work.
+func (a archiveArtifact) Cure(t *TContext) (err error) {
+	var r io.ReadCloser
+	if r, err = t.Open(a.f); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		closeErr := r.Close()
+		if err == nil {
+			err = closeErr
+		}
+	}()
+
+	type dirTargetPerm struct {
+		path string
+		mode fs.FileMode
+	}
+	var madeDirectories []dirTargetPerm
+
+	if err = os.MkdirAll(t.GetWorkDir().String(), 0700); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	var root *os.Root
+	if root, err = os.OpenRoot(t.GetWorkDir().String()); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		closeErr := root.Close()
+		if err == nil {
+			err = closeErr
+		}
+	}()
+
+	var header *ArchiveHeader
+	ar := NewReader(r)
+	for header, err = ar.Next(); err == nil; header, err = ar.Next() {
+		if header.Mode.IsRegular() {
+			var f *os.File
+			if f, err = root.OpenFile(
+				header.Path,
+				os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL|os.O_WRONLY,
+				header.Mode.Perm(),
+			); err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			if _, err = io.Copy(f, ar); err != nil {
+				_ = f.Close()
+				return
+			} else if err = f.Close(); err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+		} else if header.Mode&fs.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+			var p []byte
+			if p, err = io.ReadAll(ar); err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+
+			if err = root.Symlink(
+				unsafe.String(unsafe.SliceData(p), len(p)),
+				header.Path,
+			); err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+		} else if header.Mode.IsDir() {
+			if header.Path == "." {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			madeDirectories = append(madeDirectories, dirTargetPerm{
+				path: header.Path,
+				mode: header.Mode,
+			})
+			if err = root.Mkdir(header.Path, 0700); err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+		} else {
+			return InvalidFileModeError(header.Mode)
+		}
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		err = nil
+	}
+	if err == nil {
+		for _, e := range madeDirectories {
+			if err = root.Chmod(e.path, e.mode.Perm()); err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		return
+	}
+	return
+}

internal/pkg/archive_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+package pkg_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"maps"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+	"testing/fstest"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"hakurei.app/check"
+	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+)
+
+func TestArchive(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	type entry struct {
+		path string
+		mode fs.FileMode
+		data string
+	}
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name    string
+		fsys    fs.FS
+		entries []entry
+		sum     pkg.Checksum
+		err     error
+	}{
+		{"bad type", fstest.MapFS{
+			".":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"invalid": {Mode: fs.ModeCharDevice | 0400},
+		}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, pkg.InvalidFileModeError(
+			fs.ModeCharDevice | 0400,
+		)},
+
+		{"coldboot", fstest.MapFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"devices":        {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"devices/uevent": {Mode: 0600, Data: []byte("add")},
+			"devices/empty":  {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"devices/sub":        {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"devices/sub/uevent": {Mode: 0600, Data: []byte("add")},
+
+			"block":        {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"block/uevent": {Mode: 0600},
+		}, []entry{
+			{".", fs.ModeDir | 0700, ""},
+
+			{"block", fs.ModeDir | 0700, ""},
+			{"block/uevent", 0600, ""},
+
+			{"devices", fs.ModeDir | 0700, ""},
+			{"devices/empty", fs.ModeDir | 0700, ""},
+			{"devices/sub", fs.ModeDir | 0700, ""},
+			{"devices/sub/uevent", 0600, "add"},
+			{"devices/uevent", 0600, "add"},
+		}, pkg.MustDecode("mEy_Lf5KotThm7OwMx7yTKZh5HCCyaB41pVAvI9uDMgVQFM91iosBLYsRm8bDsX8"), nil},
+
+		{"empty", fstest.MapFS{
+			".":          {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum":   {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}, []entry{
+			{".", fs.ModeDir | 0700, ""},
+			{"checksum", fs.ModeDir | 0700, ""},
+			{"identifier", fs.ModeDir | 0700, ""},
+			{"work", fs.ModeDir | 0700, ""},
+		}, pkg.MustDecode("E4vEZKhCcL2gPZ2Tt59FS3lDng-d_2SKa2i5G_RbDfwGn6EemptFaGLPUDiOa94C"), nil},
+
+		{"sample directory step garbage", fstest.MapFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+
+			"lib":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"lib/check": {Mode: 0400},
+
+			"lib/pkgconfig": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+		}, []entry{
+			{".", fs.ModeDir | 0500, ""},
+
+			{"lib", fs.ModeDir | 0500, ""},
+			{"lib/check", 0400, ""},
+
+			{"lib/pkgconfig", fs.ModeDir | 0500, ""},
+		}, pkg.MustDecode("CUx-3hSbTWPsbMfDhgalG4Ni_GmR9TnVX8F99tY_P5GtkYvczg9RrF5zO0jX9XYT"), nil},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			t.Run("roundtrip", func(t *testing.T) {
+				t.Parallel()
+
+				var buf bytes.Buffer
+				if err := pkg.Write(
+					tc.fsys,
+					".",
+					&buf,
+				); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, tc.err) {
+					t.Fatalf("Flatten: error = %v, want %v", err, tc.err)
+				} else if tc.err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+
+				r := pkg.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(buf.Bytes()))
+				var got []entry
+				for {
+					h, err := r.Next()
+					if err != nil {
+						if err == io.EOF {
+							break
+						}
+						t.Fatalf("Next: error = %v", err)
+					}
+
+					var data []byte
+					if data, err = io.ReadAll(r); err != nil {
+						t.Fatalf("Read: error = %v", err)
+					}
+
+					got = append(got, entry{
+						path: h.Path,
+						mode: h.Mode,
+						data: unsafe.String(unsafe.SliceData(data), len(data)),
+					})
+				}
+
+				if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tc.entries) {
+					t.Fatalf("Reader: %#v, want %#v", got, tc.entries)
+				}
+			})
+
+			if tc.err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+
+			t.Run("hash", func(t *testing.T) {
+				t.Parallel()
+
+				var got pkg.Checksum
+				if err := pkg.SumFS(&got, tc.fsys, "."); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("SumFS: error = %v", err)
+				} else if got != tc.sum {
+					t.Fatalf("SumFS: %v", &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
+						Got:  got,
+						Want: tc.sum,
+					})
+				}
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+var archiveTestdata = fstest.MapFS{
+	".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+	"devices":        {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+	"devices/uevent": {Mode: 0600, Data: []byte("add")},
+	"devices/empty":  {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+	"devices/sub":        {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+	"devices/sub/uevent": {Mode: 0600, Data: []byte("add")},
+
+	"block":        {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+	"block/uevent": {Mode: 0600},
+}
+
+func TestArchiveArtifact(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	want := maps.Clone(archiveTestdata)
+	want["."].Mode = fs.ModeDir | 0500
+
+	checkWithCache(t, []cacheTestCase{
+		{"unpack", 0, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
+			var buf bytes.Buffer
+			if err := pkg.Write(archiveTestdata, ".", &buf); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
+				{"sample", pkg.NewArchive(
+					pkg.NewFile("", buf.Bytes()),
+				), ignorePathname, expectsFS(want), nil},
+			})
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/CBPcoVHuVUTVRCMbRl8J30RSSzm_tyfuXaZ-HlZsanY1sY50meOVmgaWDrGKbx9F":                    {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/CBPcoVHuVUTVRCMbRl8J30RSSzm_tyfuXaZ-HlZsanY1sY50meOVmgaWDrGKbx9F/block":              {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/CBPcoVHuVUTVRCMbRl8J30RSSzm_tyfuXaZ-HlZsanY1sY50meOVmgaWDrGKbx9F/block/uevent":       {Mode: 0600},
+			"checksum/CBPcoVHuVUTVRCMbRl8J30RSSzm_tyfuXaZ-HlZsanY1sY50meOVmgaWDrGKbx9F/devices":            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/CBPcoVHuVUTVRCMbRl8J30RSSzm_tyfuXaZ-HlZsanY1sY50meOVmgaWDrGKbx9F/devices/empty":      {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/CBPcoVHuVUTVRCMbRl8J30RSSzm_tyfuXaZ-HlZsanY1sY50meOVmgaWDrGKbx9F/devices/sub":        {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/CBPcoVHuVUTVRCMbRl8J30RSSzm_tyfuXaZ-HlZsanY1sY50meOVmgaWDrGKbx9F/devices/sub/uevent": {Mode: 0600, Data: []byte("add")},
+			"checksum/CBPcoVHuVUTVRCMbRl8J30RSSzm_tyfuXaZ-HlZsanY1sY50meOVmgaWDrGKbx9F/devices/uevent":     {Mode: 0600, Data: []byte("add")},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/3oYyAbRJ_we7AgWo1BRcRcnxXFk3mAQ0Qui2nGQMi8GIJNJQtvUC6P2IeoA5mbjD": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/CBPcoVHuVUTVRCMbRl8J30RSSzm_tyfuXaZ-HlZsanY1sY50meOVmgaWDrGKbx9F")},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkArchiveRead(b *testing.B) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if err := pkg.Write(archiveTestdata, ".", &buf); err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	testdata := buf.Bytes()
+
+	for b.Loop() {
+		r := pkg.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(testdata))
+		for {
+			_, err := r.Next()
+			if err != nil {
+				if err == io.EOF {
+					break
+				}
+				b.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkArchiveWrite(b *testing.B) {
+	for b.Loop() {
+		if err := pkg.Write(archiveTestdata, ".", io.Discard); err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/pkg/clean.go

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+package pkg
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"unique"
+)
+
+// Clean destroys checksum backing entries without any identifier or substitute
+// entry referring to it. If at least one keep [Artifact] is specified,
+// identifier and substitute entries not kept alive by them are destroyed first.
+func (c *Cache) Clean(dry, inputs bool, keep ...Artifact) (
+	[]unique.Handle[ID],
+	[]unique.Handle[Checksum],
+	error,
+) {
+	c.identMu.Lock()
+	defer c.identMu.Unlock()
+
+	c.checksumMu.Lock()
+	defer c.checksumMu.Unlock()
+
+	dents, err := os.ReadDir(c.base.Append(dirChecksum).String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	checksums := make(map[unique.Handle[Checksum]]string, len(dents))
+	var buf Checksum
+	for _, dent := range dents {
+		name := dent.Name()
+		if err = Decode(&buf, name); err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		checksums[unique.Make(buf)] = name
+	}
+
+	type identPair struct {
+		id   unique.Handle[ID]
+		name string
+	}
+	dents, err = os.ReadDir(c.base.Append(dirIdentifier).String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	keepIdents := make(map[unique.Handle[ID]]struct{})
+	if inputs {
+		for _, id := range Inputs((*Collect)(&keep)) {
+			keepIdents[id] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	} else {
+		for _, a := range keep {
+			keepIdents[c.Ident(a)] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	idents := make([]identPair, 0, len(dents))
+	for _, dent := range dents {
+		name := dent.Name()
+		if err = Decode(&buf, name); err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		id := unique.Make(ID(buf))
+
+		if _, ok := keepIdents[id]; len(keep) == 0 || ok {
+			if err = readlinkChecksum(c.base.Append(
+				dirIdentifier,
+				name,
+			), &buf); err != nil {
+				return nil, nil, err
+			}
+			delete(checksums, unique.Make(buf))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		c.msg.Verbosef("arranging for destruction of %s...", name)
+		idents = append(idents, identPair{id, name})
+	}
+
+	destroyedIdents := make([]unique.Handle[ID], 0, len(idents))
+	for _, pair := range idents {
+		if !dry {
+			if err = os.Remove(c.base.Append(
+				dirStatus,
+				pair.name,
+			).String()); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+				return destroyedIdents, nil, err
+			}
+
+			if err = os.Remove(c.base.Append(
+				dirIdentifier,
+				pair.name,
+			).String()); err != nil {
+				return destroyedIdents, nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		destroyedIdents = append(destroyedIdents, pair.id)
+	}
+
+	destroyedChecksums := make([]unique.Handle[Checksum], 0, len(checksums))
+	for checksum, name := range checksums {
+		if err = c.parent.Err(); err != nil {
+			return destroyedIdents, destroyedChecksums, err
+		}
+		c.msg.Verbosef("destroying checksum %s...", name)
+		if !dry {
+			if err = errors.Join(removeAll(c.base.Append(
+				dirChecksum,
+				name,
+			))); err != nil {
+				return destroyedIdents, destroyedChecksums, err
+			}
+		}
+		destroyedChecksums = append(destroyedChecksums, checksum)
+	}
+
+	dents, err = os.ReadDir(c.base.Append(dirSubstitute).String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return destroyedIdents, destroyedChecksums, err
+	}
+	for _, dent := range dents {
+		name := dent.Name()
+		if err = readlinkChecksum(c.base.Append(
+			dirSubstitute,
+			name,
+		), &buf); err != nil {
+			return destroyedIdents, destroyedChecksums, err
+		}
+		if _, ok := checksums[unique.Make(buf)]; !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		c.msg.Verbosef("destroying substitute %s...", name)
+		if !dry {
+			if err = os.Remove(c.base.Append(
+				dirStatus,
+				name,
+			).String()); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+				return destroyedIdents, nil, err
+			}
+
+			if err = os.Remove(c.base.Append(
+				dirSubstitute,
+				name,
+			).String()); err != nil {
+				return destroyedIdents, destroyedChecksums, err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return destroyedIdents, destroyedChecksums, nil
+}

internal/pkg/clean_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+package pkg_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/sha512"
+	"io/fs"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"unique"
+
+	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+	"hakurei.app/message"
+)
+
+// formatHandles returns a user-facing string representing h.
+func formatHandles[T pkg.ID | pkg.Checksum](handles ...unique.Handle[T]) string {
+	var buf strings.Builder
+	for _, h := range handles {
+		buf.WriteString(pkg.Encode(pkg.Checksum(h.Value())))
+		buf.WriteString(", ")
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSuffix(buf.String(), ", ")
+}
+
+func TestClean(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	ic := pkg.NewIR()
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name   string
+		a      []pkg.Artifact
+		keep   []pkg.Artifact
+		inputs bool
+		want   expectsFS
+
+		wantIdents    []unique.Handle[pkg.ID]
+		wantChecksums []unique.Handle[pkg.Checksum]
+	}{
+		{"simple", []pkg.Artifact{
+			pkg.NewFile("file", nil),
+		}, nil, false, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb": {Mode: 0400},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/pPRjw2XYgjB5k8dYedwxTBMgHh4_v2JM_G2Vd-skQbAGOOgPsl3CGSUbEF7om_MO": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb")},
+
+			"lock":       {Mode: 0644},
+			"variant":    {Mode: 0400},
+			"status":     {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"fault":      {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}, nil, nil},
+
+		{"keep", []pkg.Artifact{
+			pkg.NewFile("removed-file", []byte("removed file")),
+		}, []pkg.Artifact{
+			pkg.NewFile("file", []byte("\xfd")),
+		}, false, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/KgZ-FjbGuU-XP2QEHInpgv-2Zn0cTH5NqFMgTU0XrSdKmSwyC-3baVs1BMCP5spk": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte("\xfd")},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/FMwSBYw22KqM8jZryfY2ChHXpLuVDdWYyNOYdHvIVYk8ujY6UnGRm5brr2sTTfpD": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/KgZ-FjbGuU-XP2QEHInpgv-2Zn0cTH5NqFMgTU0XrSdKmSwyC-3baVs1BMCP5spk")},
+
+			"lock":       {Mode: 0644},
+			"variant":    {Mode: 0400},
+			"status":     {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"fault":      {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}, []unique.Handle[pkg.ID]{
+			ic.Ident(pkg.NewFile("removed-file", []byte("removed file"))),
+		}, []unique.Handle[pkg.Checksum]{
+			unique.Make(sha512.Sum384([]byte("removed file"))),
+		}},
+
+		{"inputs anchored substitute", []pkg.Artifact{
+			&stubArtifactF{
+				kind:   pkg.KindExec,
+				params: []byte("destroyed"),
+				deps: []pkg.Artifact{
+					pkg.NewFile("destroyed-input", []byte("destroyed")),
+				},
+				cure: func(f *pkg.FContext) error {
+					p := f.GetWorkDir()
+					if err := os.MkdirAll(p.String(), 0755); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					return os.WriteFile(p.Append("result").String(), nil, 0444)
+				},
+			},
+		}, []pkg.Artifact{
+			&stubArtifactF{
+				kind:   pkg.KindExec,
+				params: []byte("kept"),
+				deps: []pkg.Artifact{
+					pkg.NewFile("kept-input", []byte("kept")),
+				},
+				cure: func(f *pkg.FContext) error {
+					p := f.GetWorkDir()
+					if err := os.MkdirAll(p.String(), 0755); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					return os.WriteFile(p.Append("result").String(), nil, 0444)
+				},
+			},
+		}, true, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/H-eSiCo227-xdqyNl2R-5G3eqXPtbb8XegAB70I5OQb2majeZXJoCxTq9wJy5qqv":        {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte("kept")},
+			"checksum/UjZSrgz7_B7XMd9fHU7jM33UZhWlFgX0rz7JZbCBYR28bCS7jr_CAJdcDhi52ruE":        {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/UjZSrgz7_B7XMd9fHU7jM33UZhWlFgX0rz7JZbCBYR28bCS7jr_CAJdcDhi52ruE/result": {Mode: 0444},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/Ef8KX6s_rS_nLgze0rj90zKyrGAvOnzyU0DL7nrYQWEG_f4a9pmUKI6HBEMD8AE8": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/H-eSiCo227-xdqyNl2R-5G3eqXPtbb8XegAB70I5OQb2majeZXJoCxTq9wJy5qqv")},
+			"identifier/xoIGLemzLF227e-w_AJcf_1Sgqh2gs3KFgqvOIWUQE-9P_y2vHBMBytL4GRGQqTb": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/UjZSrgz7_B7XMd9fHU7jM33UZhWlFgX0rz7JZbCBYR28bCS7jr_CAJdcDhi52ruE")},
+
+			"lock":    {Mode: 0644},
+			"variant": {Mode: 0400},
+			"status":  {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"substitute/4bjS-QjGcSV4nth-W6Vg3-wolKmKgiq4Ld2oRIWcOfy6Wi41XXLAWPoo8FcDx6BH": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/UjZSrgz7_B7XMd9fHU7jM33UZhWlFgX0rz7JZbCBYR28bCS7jr_CAJdcDhi52ruE")},
+			"substitute/dzO8FEY9lu4hwRT6BfRZOX-uYGsC_5XH4jEJ7sJyThcmG9J_w1ArOAaUCGfL8wAM": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/UjZSrgz7_B7XMd9fHU7jM33UZhWlFgX0rz7JZbCBYR28bCS7jr_CAJdcDhi52ruE")},
+
+			"fault": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work":  {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}, []unique.Handle[pkg.ID]{
+			ic.Ident(pkg.NewFile("destroyed-input", []byte("destroyed"))),
+			ic.Ident(&stubArtifactF{
+				kind:   pkg.KindExec,
+				params: []byte("destroyed"),
+				deps: []pkg.Artifact{
+					pkg.NewFile("destroyed-input", []byte("destroyed")),
+				},
+			}),
+		}, []unique.Handle[pkg.Checksum]{
+			unique.Make(sha512.Sum384([]byte("destroyed"))),
+		}},
+
+		{"inputs", []pkg.Artifact{
+			&stubArtifactF{
+				kind:   pkg.KindExec,
+				params: []byte("destroyed"),
+				deps: []pkg.Artifact{
+					pkg.NewFile("destroyed-input", []byte("destroyed")),
+				},
+				cure: func(f *pkg.FContext) error {
+					if w, err := f.GetStatusWriter(); err != nil {
+						return err
+					} else if _, err = w.Write([]byte("destroyed")); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+
+					p := f.GetWorkDir()
+					if err := os.MkdirAll(p.String(), 0755); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					return os.WriteFile(p.Append("result").String(), nil, 0444)
+				},
+			},
+		}, []pkg.Artifact{
+			&stubArtifactF{
+				kind:   pkg.KindExec,
+				params: []byte("kept"),
+				deps: []pkg.Artifact{
+					pkg.NewFile("kept-input", []byte("kept")),
+				},
+				cure: func(f *pkg.FContext) error {
+					if w, err := f.GetStatusWriter(); err != nil {
+						return err
+					} else if _, err = w.Write([]byte("kept")); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+
+					p := f.GetWorkDir()
+					if err := os.MkdirAll(p.String(), 0755); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					return os.WriteFile(p.Append("result").String(), []byte{0}, 0444)
+				},
+			},
+		}, true, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/CyDnDvF-LaeGPcSW70tPosNCoclByWkTjznUUF1DcgzlIwkN9yzz1ZFME1TlPj6W":        {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/CyDnDvF-LaeGPcSW70tPosNCoclByWkTjznUUF1DcgzlIwkN9yzz1ZFME1TlPj6W/result": {Mode: 0444, Data: []byte("\x00")},
+			"checksum/H-eSiCo227-xdqyNl2R-5G3eqXPtbb8XegAB70I5OQb2majeZXJoCxTq9wJy5qqv":        {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte("kept")},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/Ef8KX6s_rS_nLgze0rj90zKyrGAvOnzyU0DL7nrYQWEG_f4a9pmUKI6HBEMD8AE8": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/H-eSiCo227-xdqyNl2R-5G3eqXPtbb8XegAB70I5OQb2majeZXJoCxTq9wJy5qqv")},
+			"identifier/xoIGLemzLF227e-w_AJcf_1Sgqh2gs3KFgqvOIWUQE-9P_y2vHBMBytL4GRGQqTb": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/CyDnDvF-LaeGPcSW70tPosNCoclByWkTjznUUF1DcgzlIwkN9yzz1ZFME1TlPj6W")},
+
+			"lock":    {Mode: 0644},
+			"variant": {Mode: 0400},
+
+			"status": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"status/4bjS-QjGcSV4nth-W6Vg3-wolKmKgiq4Ld2oRIWcOfy6Wi41XXLAWPoo8FcDx6BH": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte(statusHeader + "kept")},
+			"status/xoIGLemzLF227e-w_AJcf_1Sgqh2gs3KFgqvOIWUQE-9P_y2vHBMBytL4GRGQqTb": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte(statusHeader + "kept")},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"substitute/4bjS-QjGcSV4nth-W6Vg3-wolKmKgiq4Ld2oRIWcOfy6Wi41XXLAWPoo8FcDx6BH": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/CyDnDvF-LaeGPcSW70tPosNCoclByWkTjznUUF1DcgzlIwkN9yzz1ZFME1TlPj6W")},
+
+			"fault": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work":  {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}, []unique.Handle[pkg.ID]{
+			ic.Ident(pkg.NewFile("destroyed-input", []byte("destroyed"))),
+			ic.Ident(&stubArtifactF{
+				kind:   pkg.KindExec,
+				params: []byte("destroyed"),
+				deps: []pkg.Artifact{
+					pkg.NewFile("destroyed-input", []byte("destroyed")),
+				},
+			}),
+		}, []unique.Handle[pkg.Checksum]{
+			unique.Make(expectsFS{
+				".":      {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+				"result": {Mode: 0444},
+			}.hash()),
+			unique.Make(sha512.Sum384([]byte("destroyed"))),
+		}},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			base := makeBase(t)
+			msg := message.New(log.New(os.Stderr, "clean: ", 0))
+			msg.SwapVerbose(testing.Verbose())
+			c, err := pkg.Open(t.Context(), msg, 0, 0, 0, base)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			t.Cleanup(c.Close)
+
+			all := pkg.Collect(slices.Concat(tc.a, tc.keep))
+			if _, _, err = c.Cure(&all); !pkg.IsCollected(err) {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			var (
+				idents    []unique.Handle[pkg.ID]
+				checksums []unique.Handle[pkg.Checksum]
+			)
+			idents, checksums, err = c.Clean(false, tc.inputs, tc.keep...)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Clean: error = %v", err)
+			}
+			var buf [2]pkg.Checksum
+
+			slices.SortFunc(idents, func(a, b unique.Handle[pkg.ID]) int {
+				buf[0], buf[1] = a.Value(), b.Value()
+				return bytes.Compare(buf[0][:], buf[1][:])
+			})
+			slices.SortFunc(checksums, func(a, b unique.Handle[pkg.Checksum]) int {
+				buf[0], buf[1] = a.Value(), b.Value()
+				return bytes.Compare(buf[0][:], buf[1][:])
+			})
+
+			if !slices.Equal(idents, tc.wantIdents) {
+				t.Errorf(
+					"Clean: idents = %s, want %s",
+					formatHandles(idents...), formatHandles(tc.wantIdents...),
+				)
+			}
+			if !slices.Equal(checksums, tc.wantChecksums) {
+				t.Errorf(
+					"Clean: checksums = %s, want %s",
+					formatHandles(checksums...), formatHandles(tc.wantChecksums...),
+				)
+			}
+
+			want := tc.want.hash()
+			var checksum pkg.Checksum
+			if err = pkg.SumDir(&checksum, base); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("SumDir: error = %v", err)
+			} else if checksum != want {
+				t.Error(expectsFrom(base.String()))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/pkg/compress.go

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+package pkg
+
+import (
+	"compress/bzip2"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Gzip denotes a stream compressed via [gzip].
+	Gzip = iota
+	// Bzip2 denotes a stream compressed via [bzip2].
+	Bzip2
+)
+
+// A decompressArtifact is a [FileArtifact] decompressing a backing
+// [FileArtifact] stream.
+type decompressArtifact struct {
+	// Caller-supplied backing stream.
+	f Artifact
+	// Compression on top of the stream.
+	compress uint32
+}
+
+var _ FileArtifact = new(decompressArtifact)
+
+// decompressArtifactNamed embeds decompressArtifact for a [fmt.Stringer] stream.
+type decompressArtifactNamed struct {
+	decompressArtifact
+	// Copied from decompressArtifact.f.
+	name string
+}
+
+var _ fmt.Stringer = new(decompressArtifactNamed)
+
+// NewDecompress returns a [FileArtifact] decompressing the supplied [Artifact].
+func NewDecompress(a Artifact, compress uint32) FileArtifact {
+	da := decompressArtifact{a, compress}
+	if s, ok := a.(fmt.Stringer); ok {
+		if name := s.String(); name != "" {
+			return &decompressArtifactNamed{da, name}
+		}
+	}
+	return &da
+}
+
+// String returns the name of the underlying [Artifact] prefixed with decompress.
+func (a *decompressArtifactNamed) String() string { return "decompress-" + a.name }
+
+// Kind returns the hardcoded [Kind] constant.
+func (a *decompressArtifact) Kind() Kind { return KindDecompress }
+
+// Params writes value of compression enum.
+func (a *decompressArtifact) Params(ctx *IContext) { ctx.WriteUint32(a.compress) }
+
+func init() {
+	register(KindDecompress, func(r *IRReader) Artifact {
+		a := NewDecompress(r.Next(), r.ReadUint32())
+		if _, ok := r.Finalise(); ok {
+			panic(ErrUnexpectedChecksum)
+		}
+		return a
+	})
+}
+
+// Dependencies returns a slice containing the backing file.
+func (a *decompressArtifact) Dependencies() []Artifact {
+	return []Artifact{a.f}
+}
+
+// IsExclusive returns false: decompressor is fully sequential.
+func (a *decompressArtifact) IsExclusive() bool { return false }
+
+// compoundCloser is an [io.ReadCloser] with an additional [io.Closer] attached.
+type compoundCloser struct {
+	io.ReadCloser
+	c io.Closer
+}
+
+// Close closes [io.ReadCloser] and the additional [io.Closer]. It returns the
+// non-nil error returned by the underlying [io.ReadCloser], otherwise it
+// returns the error returned by the additional [io.Closer].
+func (c compoundCloser) Close() error {
+	err := c.ReadCloser.Close()
+	if _err := c.c.Close(); err == nil {
+		err = _err
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// Cure returns a decompressor [io.ReadCloser].
+func (a *decompressArtifact) Cure(r *RContext) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	sr, err := r.Open(a.f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	br := r.cache.getReaderRC(sr)
+
+	var dr io.ReadCloser
+	switch a.compress {
+	case Gzip:
+		if dr, err = gzip.NewReader(br); err != nil {
+			_ = br.Close()
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return compoundCloser{dr, br}, nil
+
+	case Bzip2:
+		return struct {
+			io.Reader
+			io.Closer
+		}{bzip2.NewReader(br), br}, nil
+
+	default:
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+}

internal/pkg/compress_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package pkg_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"crypto/sha512"
+	"io/fs"
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+	"testing/fstest"
+
+	"hakurei.app/check"
+	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+)
+
+func TestDecompress(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	gw := gzip.NewWriter(&buf)
+	if _, err := gw.Write([]byte{0}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	} else if err = gw.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	testdata := buf.String()
+
+	var transport http.Transport
+	client := http.Client{Transport: &transport}
+	transport.RegisterProtocol("file", http.NewFileTransportFS(fstest.MapFS{
+		"testdata": {Data: []byte(testdata), Mode: 0400},
+	}))
+	testdataChecksum := func() pkg.Checksum {
+		h := sha512.New384()
+		h.Write([]byte(testdata))
+		return (pkg.Checksum)(h.Sum(nil))
+	}()
+
+	checkWithCache(t, []cacheTestCase{
+		{"decompress", 0, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
+			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
+				{"close", pkg.NewDecompress(pkg.NewHTTPGet(
+					&client,
+					"file:///testdata",
+					pkg.Checksum{0xfd},
+				), pkg.Gzip), nil, nil, &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
+					Got:  testdataChecksum,
+					Want: pkg.Checksum{0xfd},
+				}},
+
+				{"gzip", pkg.NewDecompress(pkg.NewHTTPGet(
+					&client,
+					"file:///testdata",
+					testdataChecksum,
+				), pkg.Gzip), ignorePathname, expectsChecksum(sha512.Sum384([]byte{0})), nil},
+			})
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/" + pkg.Encode(sha512.Sum384([]byte{0})): {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0}},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/QpjkahDrz7pz-tv0eAGNXR6x9NAtTjWCK5Hr7G1cIZj9rT7bLYJWUQeLD4wamAlF": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX")},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
+	})
+}

internal/pkg/dir.go

@@ -1,203 +0,0 @@
-package pkg
-
-import (
-	"crypto/sha512"
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"errors"
-	"io"
-	"io/fs"
-	"math"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"syscall"
-
-	"hakurei.app/check"
-)
-
-// FlatEntry is a directory entry to be encoded for [Flatten].
-type FlatEntry struct {
-	Mode fs.FileMode // file mode bits
-	Path string      // pathname of the file
-	Data []byte      // file content or symlink destination
-}
-
-/*
-| mode uint32 | path_sz uint32 |
-|        data_sz uint64        |
-|         path string          |
-|         data []byte          |
-*/
-
-// Encode encodes the entry for transmission or hashing.
-func (ent *FlatEntry) Encode(w io.Writer) (n int, err error) {
-	pPathSize := alignSize(len(ent.Path))
-	if pPathSize > math.MaxUint32 {
-		return 0, syscall.E2BIG
-	}
-	pDataSize := alignSize(len(ent.Data))
-
-	payload := make([]byte, wordSize*2+pPathSize+pDataSize)
-	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(payload, uint32(ent.Mode))
-	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(payload[wordSize/2:], uint32(len(ent.Path)))
-	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(payload[wordSize:], uint64(len(ent.Data)))
-	copy(payload[wordSize*2:], ent.Path)
-	copy(payload[wordSize*2+pPathSize:], ent.Data)
-	return w.Write(payload)
-}
-
-// ErrInsecurePath is returned by [FlatEntry.Decode] if validation is requested
-// and a nonlocal path is encountered in the stream.
-var ErrInsecurePath = errors.New("insecure file path")
-
-// Decode decodes the entry from its representation produced by Encode.
-func (ent *FlatEntry) Decode(r io.Reader, validate bool) (n int, err error) {
-	var nr int
-
-	header := make([]byte, wordSize*2)
-	nr, err = r.Read(header)
-	n += nr
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) && n != 0 {
-			err = io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	ent.Mode = fs.FileMode(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(header))
-	pathSize := int(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(header[wordSize/2:]))
-	pPathSize := alignSize(pathSize)
-	dataSize := int(binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(header[wordSize:]))
-	pDataSize := alignSize(dataSize)
-
-	buf := make([]byte, pPathSize+pDataSize)
-	nr, err = r.Read(buf)
-	n += nr
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-			if nr != len(buf) {
-				err = io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-				return
-			}
-		} else {
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
-	ent.Path = string(buf[:pathSize])
-	if ent.Mode.IsDir() {
-		ent.Data = nil
-	} else {
-		ent.Data = buf[pPathSize : pPathSize+dataSize]
-	}
-
-	if validate && !filepath.IsLocal(ent.Path) {
-		err = ErrInsecurePath
-	}
-
-	return
-}
-
-// DirScanner provides an efficient interface for reading a stream of encoded
-// [FlatEntry]. Successive calls to the Scan method will step through the
-// entries in the stream.
-type DirScanner struct {
-	// Underlying reader to scan [FlatEntry] representations from.
-	r io.Reader
-
-	// First non-EOF I/O error, returned by the Err method.
-	err error
-
-	// Entry to store results in. Its address is returned by the Entry method
-	// and is updated on every call to Scan.
-	ent FlatEntry
-
-	// Validate pathnames during decoding.
-	validate bool
-}
-
-// NewDirScanner returns the address of a new instance of [DirScanner] reading
-// from r. The caller must no longer read from r after this function returns.
-func NewDirScanner(r io.Reader, validate bool) *DirScanner {
-	return &DirScanner{r: r, validate: validate}
-}
-
-// Err returns the first non-EOF I/O error.
-func (s *DirScanner) Err() error {
-	if errors.Is(s.err, io.EOF) {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return s.err
-}
-
-// Entry returns the address to the [FlatEntry] value storing the last result.
-func (s *DirScanner) Entry() *FlatEntry { return &s.ent }
-
-// Scan advances to the next [FlatEntry].
-func (s *DirScanner) Scan() bool {
-	if s.err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	var n int
-	n, s.err = s.ent.Decode(s.r, s.validate)
-	if errors.Is(s.err, io.EOF) {
-		return n != 0
-	}
-	return s.err == nil
-}
-
-// Flatten writes a deterministic representation of the contents of fsys to w.
-// The resulting data can be hashed to produce a deterministic checksum for the
-// directory.
-func Flatten(fsys fs.FS, root string, w io.Writer) (n int, err error) {
-	var nr int
-	err = fs.WalkDir(fsys, root, func(path string, d fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		var fi fs.FileInfo
-		fi, err = d.Info()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		ent := FlatEntry{
-			Path: path,
-			Mode: fi.Mode(),
-		}
-		if ent.Mode.IsRegular() {
-			if ent.Data, err = fs.ReadFile(fsys, path); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		} else if ent.Mode&fs.ModeSymlink != 0 {
-			var newpath string
-			if newpath, err = fs.ReadLink(fsys, path); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			ent.Data = []byte(newpath)
-		} else if !ent.Mode.IsDir() {
-			return InvalidFileModeError(ent.Mode)
-		}
-
-		nr, err = ent.Encode(w)
-		n += nr
-		return err
-	})
-	return
-}
-
-// HashFS returns a checksum produced by hashing the result of [Flatten].
-func HashFS(buf *Checksum, fsys fs.FS, root string) error {
-	h := sha512.New384()
-	if _, err := Flatten(fsys, root, h); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	h.Sum(buf[:0])
-	return nil
-}
-
-// HashDir returns a checksum produced by hashing the result of [Flatten].
-func HashDir(buf *Checksum, pathname *check.Absolute) error {
-	return HashFS(buf, os.DirFS(pathname.String()), ".")
-}

internal/pkg/dir_test.go

@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-package pkg_test
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"io/fs"
-	"reflect"
-	"testing"
-	"testing/fstest"
-
-	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
-)
-
-func TestFlatten(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCases := []struct {
-		name    string
-		fsys    fs.FS
-		entries []pkg.FlatEntry
-		sum     pkg.Checksum
-		err     error
-	}{
-		{"bad type", fstest.MapFS{
-			".":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"invalid": {Mode: fs.ModeCharDevice | 0400},
-		}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, pkg.InvalidFileModeError(
-			fs.ModeCharDevice | 0400,
-		)},
-
-		{"coldboot", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-
-			"devices":        {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"devices/uevent": {Mode: 0600, Data: []byte("add")},
-			"devices/empty":  {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-
-			"devices/sub":        {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"devices/sub/uevent": {Mode: 0600, Data: []byte("add")},
-
-			"block":        {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"block/uevent": {Mode: 0600, Data: []byte{}},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "block"},
-			{Mode: 0600, Path: "block/uevent", Data: []byte{}},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "devices"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "devices/empty"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "devices/sub"},
-			{Mode: 0600, Path: "devices/sub/uevent", Data: []byte("add")},
-			{Mode: 0600, Path: "devices/uevent", Data: []byte("add")},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("mEy_Lf5KotThm7OwMx7yTKZh5HCCyaB41pVAvI9uDMgVQFM91iosBLYsRm8bDsX8"), nil},
-
-		{"empty", fstest.MapFS{
-			".":          {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"checksum":   {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"work":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "."},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "checksum"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "identifier"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "work"},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("E4vEZKhCcL2gPZ2Tt59FS3lDng-d_2SKa2i5G_RbDfwGn6EemptFaGLPUDiOa94C"), nil},
-
-		{"sample directory step garbage", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-
-			"lib":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"lib/check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{}},
-
-			"lib/pkgconfig": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "lib"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "lib/check", Data: []byte{}},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "lib/pkgconfig"},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("CUx-3hSbTWPsbMfDhgalG4Ni_GmR9TnVX8F99tY_P5GtkYvczg9RrF5zO0jX9XYT"), nil},
-	}
-	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			t.Run("roundtrip", func(t *testing.T) {
-				t.Parallel()
-
-				var buf bytes.Buffer
-				if _, err := pkg.Flatten(
-					tc.fsys,
-					".",
-					&buf,
-				); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, tc.err) {
-					t.Fatalf("Flatten: error = %v, want %v", err, tc.err)
-				} else if tc.err != nil {
-					return
-				}
-
-				s := pkg.NewDirScanner(bytes.NewReader(buf.Bytes()), true)
-				var got []pkg.FlatEntry
-				for s.Scan() {
-					got = append(got, *s.Entry())
-				}
-				if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("Err: error = %v", err)
-				}
-
-				if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tc.entries) {
-					t.Fatalf("Scan: %#v, want %#v", got, tc.entries)
-				}
-			})
-
-			if tc.err != nil {
-				return
-			}
-
-			t.Run("hash", func(t *testing.T) {
-				t.Parallel()
-
-				var got pkg.Checksum
-				if err := pkg.HashFS(&got, tc.fsys, "."); err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("HashFS: error = %v", err)
-				} else if got != tc.sum {
-					t.Fatalf("HashFS: %v", &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
-						Got:  got,
-						Want: tc.sum,
-					})
-				}
-			})
-		})
-	}
-}

internal/pkg/exec.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"maps"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -122,6 +123,15 @@ func RegisterArch(arch string, e container.BinfmtEntry) {
 	binfmt[arch] = e
 }
 
+// Arch returns a snapshot of currently registered [KindExec] and [KindExecNet]
+// binfmt entries.
+func Arch() map[string]container.BinfmtEntry {
+	binfmtMu.RLock()
+	r := maps.Clone(binfmt)
+	binfmtMu.RUnlock()
+	return r
+}
+
 const (
 	// ExecTimeoutDefault replaces out of range [NewExec] timeout values.
 	ExecTimeoutDefault = 15 * time.Minute
@@ -581,6 +591,7 @@ var (
 func (c *Cache) EnterExec(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	a Artifact,
+	hostname string,
 	retainSession bool,
 	stdin io.Reader,
 	stdout, stderr io.Writer,
@@ -661,6 +672,9 @@ func (c *Cache) EnterExec(
 			z.Env = append(z.Env, "TERM="+s)
 		}
 	}
+	if hostname != "" {
+		z.Hostname = hostname
+	}
 
 	if err = z.Start(); err != nil {
 		return

internal/pkg/ir.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"iter"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 const wordSize = 8
 
 // alignSize returns the padded size for aligning sz.
-func alignSize(sz int) int {
+func alignSize[T int | uint64](sz T) T {
 	return sz + (wordSize-(sz)%wordSize)%wordSize
 }
 
@@ -65,6 +66,18 @@ func NewIR() *IRCache {
 	return &IRCache{zeroIRCache()}
 }
 
+// Inputs returns an iterator over direct and transitive inputs of an [Artifact]
+// in randomised order.
+func Inputs(a Artifact) iter.Seq2[Artifact, unique.Handle[ID]] {
+	ic := NewIR()
+	ic.Ident(a)
+	return func(yield func(Artifact, unique.Handle[ID]) bool) {
+		ic.artifact.Range(func(key, value any) bool {
+			return yield(key.(Artifact), value.(unique.Handle[ID]))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 // IContext is passed to [Artifact.Params] and provides methods for writing
 // values to the IR writer. It does not expose the underlying [io.Writer].
 //

internal/pkg/ir_test.go

@@ -27,16 +27,14 @@ func TestIRRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
 			pkg.Checksum(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xfc}, len(pkg.Checksum{}))),
 		)},
 
-		{"http get tar", pkg.NewHTTPGetTar(
+		{"http get tar", pkg.NewTar(pkg.NewDecompress(pkg.NewHTTPGet(
 			nil, "file:///testdata",
 			pkg.Checksum(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xff}, len(pkg.Checksum{}))),
-			pkg.TarBzip2,
-		)},
-		{"http get tar unaligned", pkg.NewHTTPGetTar(
+		), pkg.Bzip2))},
+		{"http get tar unaligned", pkg.NewTar(pkg.NewHTTPGet(
 			nil, "https://hakurei.app",
 			pkg.Checksum(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xfe}, len(pkg.Checksum{}))),
-			pkg.TarUncompressed,
-		)},
+		))},
 
 		{"exec offline", pkg.NewExec(
 			"exec-offline", "", nil, 0, false, false,
@@ -47,15 +45,13 @@ func TestIRRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
 
 			pkg.MustPath("/file", false, pkg.NewFile("file", []byte(
 				"stub file",
-			))), pkg.MustPath("/.hakurei", false, pkg.NewHTTPGetTar(
+			))), pkg.MustPath("/.hakurei", false, pkg.NewTar(pkg.NewHTTPGet(
 				nil, "file:///hakurei.tar",
 				pkg.Checksum(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xfc}, len(pkg.Checksum{}))),
-				pkg.TarUncompressed,
-			)), pkg.MustPath("/opt", false, pkg.NewHTTPGetTar(
+			))), pkg.MustPath("/opt", false, pkg.NewTar(pkg.NewDecompress(pkg.NewHTTPGet(
 				nil, "file:///testtool.tar.gz",
 				pkg.Checksum(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xfc}, len(pkg.Checksum{}))),
-				pkg.TarGzip,
-			)),
+			), pkg.Gzip))),
 		)},
 
 		{"exec net", pkg.NewExec(
@@ -69,15 +65,13 @@ func TestIRRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
 
 			pkg.MustPath("/file", false, pkg.NewFile("file", []byte(
 				"stub file",
-			))), pkg.MustPath("/.hakurei", false, pkg.NewHTTPGetTar(
+			))), pkg.MustPath("/.hakurei", false, pkg.NewTar(pkg.NewHTTPGet(
 				nil, "file:///hakurei.tar",
 				pkg.Checksum(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xfc}, len(pkg.Checksum{}))),
-				pkg.TarUncompressed,
-			)), pkg.MustPath("/opt", false, pkg.NewHTTPGetTar(
+			))), pkg.MustPath("/opt", false, pkg.NewTar(pkg.NewDecompress(pkg.NewHTTPGet(
 				nil, "file:///testtool.tar.gz",
 				pkg.Checksum(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xfc}, len(pkg.Checksum{}))),
-				pkg.TarGzip,
-			)),
+			), pkg.Gzip))),
 		)},
 
 		{"exec measured", pkg.NewExec(
@@ -91,19 +85,21 @@ func TestIRRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
 
 			pkg.MustPath("/file", false, pkg.NewFile("file", []byte(
 				"stub file",
-			))), pkg.MustPath("/.hakurei", false, pkg.NewHTTPGetTar(
+			))), pkg.MustPath("/.hakurei", false, pkg.NewTar(pkg.NewHTTPGet(
 				nil, "file:///hakurei.tar",
 				pkg.Checksum(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xfd}, len(pkg.Checksum{}))),
-				pkg.TarUncompressed,
-			)), pkg.MustPath("/opt", false, pkg.NewHTTPGetTar(
+			))), pkg.MustPath("/opt", false, pkg.NewTar(pkg.NewDecompress(pkg.NewHTTPGet(
 				nil, "file:///testtool.tar.gz",
 				pkg.Checksum(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xfd}, len(pkg.Checksum{}))),
-				pkg.TarGzip,
-			)),
+			), pkg.Gzip))),
 		)},
 
 		{"file anonymous", pkg.NewFile("", []byte{0})},
 		{"file", pkg.NewFile("stub", []byte("stub"))},
+
+		{"decompress", pkg.NewDecompress(pkg.NewFile("", []byte{0}), pkg.Bzip2)},
+
+		{"archive", pkg.NewArchive(pkg.NewFile("", []byte{0}))},
 	}
 	testCasesCache := make([]cacheTestCase, len(testCases))
 	for i, tc := range testCases {

internal/pkg/pkg.go

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ func makeStatusHeader(extension string) string {
 var statusHeader = makeStatusHeader("")
 
 // prepareStatus initialises the status file once.
-func (t *TContext) prepareStatus() error {
+func (t *TContext) prepareStatus(writeHeader bool) error {
 	if t.statusPath != nil || t.status != nil {
 		return t.statusErr
 	}
@@ -204,14 +204,16 @@ func (t *TContext) prepareStatus() error {
 		return t.statusErr
 	}
 
+	if writeHeader {
 		_, t.statusErr = t.status.WriteString(statusHeader)
+	}
 	return t.statusErr
 }
 
 // GetStatusWriter returns a [io.Writer] for build logs. The caller must not
 // seek this writer before the position it was first returned in.
 func (t *TContext) GetStatusWriter() (io.Writer, error) {
-	err := t.prepareStatus()
+	err := t.prepareStatus(true)
 	return t.status, err
 }
 
@@ -236,8 +238,8 @@ func (t *TContext) destroy(errP *error) {
 		if chmodErr != nil || removeErr != nil {
 			*errP = errors.Join(*errP, chmodErr, removeErr)
 		} else if errors.Is(*errP, os.ErrExist) {
-			var linkError *os.LinkError
-			if errors.As(*errP, &linkError) && linkError != nil &&
+			if linkError, ok := errors.AsType[*os.LinkError](*errP); ok &&
+				linkError != nil &&
 				linkError.Op == "rename" {
 				// two artifacts may be backed by the same file
 				*errP = nil
@@ -332,6 +334,28 @@ type FContext struct {
 	deps map[Artifact]cureRes
 }
 
+// linkSubstitute links status for substitute if populated.
+func (f *FContext) linkSubstitute(ids, substitutes string) (err error) {
+	if f.status == nil || ids == substitutes {
+		return
+	}
+
+	statusS := f.cache.base.Append(
+		dirStatus,
+		substitutes,
+	)
+	f.cache.checksumMu.Lock()
+	err = os.Link(f.cache.base.Append(
+		dirStatus,
+		ids,
+	).String(), statusS.String())
+	f.cache.checksumMu.Unlock()
+	if err == nil {
+		f.statusSPath = statusS
+	}
+	return
+}
+
 // InvalidLookupError is the identifier of non-dependency [Artifact] looked up
 // via [FContext.GetArtifact] by a misbehaving [Artifact] implementation.
 type InvalidLookupError ID
@@ -508,6 +532,10 @@ const (
 	KindExecNet
 	// KindFile is the kind of [Artifact] returned by [NewFile].
 	KindFile
+	// KindDecompress is the kind of [Artifact] returned by [NewDecompress].
+	KindDecompress
+	// KindArchive is the kind of [Artifact] returned by [NewArchive].
+	KindArchive
 
 	// _kindEnd is the total number of kinds and does not denote a kind.
 	_kindEnd
@@ -666,6 +694,20 @@ type pendingCure struct {
 	cancel context.CancelFunc
 }
 
+// An External cache provides prepared [Artifact] cure outcomes.
+type External interface {
+	// Artifact returns the address of the [Checksum] of the cure outcome of
+	// an [Artifact] corresponding to id, or nil if this [Artifact] is not
+	// available in the external cache.
+	Artifact(ctx context.Context, id unique.Handle[ID]) (*Checksum, error)
+	// Checksum returns an [Artifact] producing the specified checksum.
+	Checksum(checksum unique.Handle[Checksum]) Artifact
+	// Status returns [io.ReadCloser] of the status file of an [Artifact]
+	// corresponding to id, or nil if this [Artifact] is not available or a
+	// status file is not present.
+	Status(r *RContext, id unique.Handle[ID]) (io.ReadCloser, error)
+}
+
 // Cache is a support layer that implementations of [Artifact] can use to store
 // cured [Artifact] data in a content addressed fashion.
 type Cache struct {
@@ -716,6 +758,11 @@ type Cache struct {
 	// Buffered I/O free list, must not be accessed directly.
 	brPool, bwPool sync.Pool
 
+	// Optional external cache implementation.
+	extern External
+	// Synchronises access to extern.
+	externMu sync.RWMutex
+
 	// Unlocks the on-filesystem cache. Must only be called from Close.
 	unlock func()
 	// Whether [Cache] is considered closed.
@@ -795,6 +842,38 @@ func (c *Cache) getReader(r io.Reader) *bufio.Reader {
 // putReader adds br to brPool.
 func (c *Cache) putReader(br *bufio.Reader) { c.brPool.Put(br) }
 
+// bufioReadCloser is the concrete type of value returned by Cache.getReaderRC.
+type bufioReadCloser struct {
+	// Saved close error.
+	closeErr error
+	// Synchronises calls to Close.
+	closeOnce sync.Once
+
+	// For backing freelist.
+	c *Cache
+	// Underlying reader.
+	r io.ReadCloser
+	// Allocated from c.
+	*bufio.Reader
+}
+
+// Close closes the underlying reader, saves its return value, and returns the
+// [bufio.Reader] instance to the backing [Cache].
+func (brc *bufioReadCloser) Close() error {
+	brc.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		br := brc.Reader
+		brc.Reader = nil
+		brc.c.putReader(br)
+		brc.closeErr = brc.r.Close()
+	})
+	return brc.closeErr
+}
+
+// getReaderRC is like getReader, but returns an [io.ReadCloser].
+func (c *Cache) getReaderRC(r io.ReadCloser) io.ReadCloser {
+	return &bufioReadCloser{c: c, r: r, Reader: c.getReader(r)}
+}
+
 // getWriter is like [bufio.NewWriter] but for bwPool.
 func (c *Cache) getWriter(w io.Writer) *bufio.Writer {
 	bw := c.bwPool.Get().(*bufio.Writer)
@@ -816,6 +895,35 @@ func (e *ChecksumMismatchError) Error() string {
 		" instead of " + Encode(e.Want)
 }
 
+// LinknamePrefixError describes a malformed linkname to a [Checksum].
+type LinknamePrefixError string
+
+func (e LinknamePrefixError) Error() string {
+	return "linkname " + strconv.Quote(string(e)) + " missing prefix"
+}
+
+// readlinkChecksum reads a symbolic link to a dirChecksum entry and saves the
+// decoded [Checksum] to the value pointed to by buf. The checksumLinknamePrefix
+// is required.
+func readlinkChecksum(a *check.Absolute, buf *Checksum) error {
+	linkname, err := os.Readlink(a.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(linkname, checksumLinknamePrefix) {
+		return LinknamePrefixError(linkname)
+	}
+	return Decode(buf, linkname[len(checksumLinknamePrefix):])
+}
+
+// SetExternal sets e as the [External] implementation of c.
+func (c *Cache) SetExternal(e External) {
+	c.externMu.Lock()
+	c.extern = e
+	c.externMu.Unlock()
+}
+
 // ScrubError describes the outcome of a [Cache.Scrub] call where errors were
 // found and removed from the underlying storage of [Cache].
 type ScrubError struct {
@@ -866,36 +974,42 @@ func (e *ScrubError) Unwrap() []error {
 // Error returns a multi-line representation of [ScrubError].
 func (e *ScrubError) Error() string {
 	var segments []string
+	var buf strings.Builder
+
 	if len(e.ChecksumMismatches) > 0 {
-		s := "checksum mismatches:\n"
+		buf.Reset()
+		buf.WriteString("checksum mismatches:\n")
 		for _, m := range e.ChecksumMismatches {
-			s += m.Error() + "\n"
+			buf.WriteString(m.Error() + "\n")
 		}
-		segments = append(segments, s)
+		segments = append(segments, buf.String())
 	}
 	if len(e.DanglingIdentifiers) > 0 {
-		s := "dangling identifiers:\n"
+		buf.Reset()
+		buf.WriteString("dangling identifiers:\n")
 		for _, id := range e.DanglingIdentifiers {
-			s += Encode(id) + "\n"
+			buf.WriteString(Encode(id) + "\n")
 		}
-		segments = append(segments, s)
+		segments = append(segments, buf.String())
 	}
 	if len(e.DanglingStatus) > 0 {
-		s := "dangling status:\n"
+		buf.Reset()
+		buf.WriteString("dangling status:\n")
 		for _, id := range e.DanglingStatus {
-			s += Encode(id) + "\n"
+			buf.WriteString(Encode(id) + "\n")
 		}
-		segments = append(segments, s)
+		segments = append(segments, buf.String())
 	}
 	if len(e.Errs) > 0 {
-		s := "errors during scrub:\n"
+		buf.Reset()
+		buf.WriteString("errors during scrub:\n")
 		for pathname, errs := range e.errs {
-			s += "  " + pathname.Value() + ":\n"
+			buf.WriteString("  " + pathname.Value() + ":\n")
 			for _, err := range errs {
-				s += "    " + err.Error() + "\n"
+				buf.WriteString("    " + err.Error() + "\n")
 			}
 		}
-		segments = append(segments, s)
+		segments = append(segments, buf.String())
 	}
 	return strings.Join(segments, "\n")
 }
@@ -985,7 +1099,7 @@ func (c *Cache) Scrub(checks int) error {
 
 				pathname := dir.Append(ent.Name())
 				if ent.IsDir() {
-					if err := HashDir(got, pathname); err != nil {
+					if err := SumDir(got, pathname); err != nil {
 						addErr(pathname, err)
 						return true
 					}
@@ -1085,19 +1199,28 @@ func (c *Cache) Scrub(checks int) error {
 				got := p.Get().(*Checksum)
 				defer p.Put(got)
 
-				if _, err := os.Stat(c.base.Append(
+				var ok bool
+				for _, name := range [...]string{
 					dirIdentifier,
+					dirSubstitute,
+				} {
+					if _, err := os.Stat(c.base.Append(
+						name,
 						ent.Name(),
 					).String()); err != nil {
 						if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 							addErr(dir.Append(ent.Name()), err)
 						}
+						continue
+					}
+					ok = true
+				}
+				if !ok {
 					seMu.Lock()
 					se.DanglingStatus = append(se.DanglingStatus, *want)
 					seMu.Unlock()
-					return false
 				}
-				return true
+				return ok
 			}}
 		}
 		wg.Wait()
@@ -1715,6 +1838,40 @@ func (r *RContext) NewMeasuredReader(
 	return r.cache.newMeasuredReader(rc, checksum)
 }
 
+// tryExtern attempts to obtain an [Artifact] outcome from extern.
+func (c *Cache) tryExtern(ctx context.Context, id unique.Handle[ID]) (
+	unique.Handle[Checksum],
+	io.ReadCloser,
+	error,
+) {
+	c.externMu.RLock()
+	defer c.externMu.RUnlock()
+
+	if c.extern == nil {
+		return zeroChecksum, nil, nil
+	}
+
+	v, err := c.extern.Artifact(ctx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return zeroChecksum, nil, err
+	}
+	if v == nil {
+		return zeroChecksum, nil, nil
+	}
+	checksum := unique.Make(*v)
+
+	var got unique.Handle[Checksum]
+	if _, got, err = c.Cure(c.extern.Checksum(checksum)); err != nil {
+		return checksum, nil, err
+	} else if got != checksum {
+		return zeroChecksum, nil, &ChecksumMismatchError{got.Value(), checksum.Value()}
+	}
+
+	var status io.ReadCloser
+	status, err = c.extern.Status(&RContext{common{ctx, c}}, id)
+	return checksum, status, err
+}
+
 // cure implements Cure without acquiring a read lock on abortMu. cure must not
 // be entered during Abort.
 func (c *Cache) cure(a Artifact, curesExempt bool) (
@@ -1781,7 +1938,7 @@ func (c *Cache) cure(a Artifact, curesExempt bool) (
 				err = zeroTimes(pathname.String())
 			}
 
-			if err == nil && alternative != nil {
+			if err == nil && alternative != nil && substitute != id {
 				c.substituteMu.Lock()
 				err = os.Symlink(
 					linkname,
@@ -2049,26 +2206,61 @@ func (c *Cache) cure(a Artifact, curesExempt bool) (
 		}
 
 		defer f.destroy(&err)
+
+		var (
+			externChecksum unique.Handle[Checksum]
+			externStatus   io.ReadCloser
+		)
+		if externChecksum, externStatus, err = c.tryExtern(ctx, id); err != nil {
+			if c.msg.IsVerbose() {
+				c.msg.Verbosef("extern %s: %v", reportName(ca, id), err)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		if externChecksum != zeroChecksum {
+			if checksum != zeroChecksum && externChecksum != checksum {
+				if externStatus != nil {
+					_ = externStatus.Close()
+				}
+				err = &ChecksumMismatchError{externChecksum.Value(), checksum.Value()}
+				if c.msg.IsVerbose() {
+					c.msg.Verbosef("extern %s: %v", reportName(ca, id), err)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+
+			checksum = externChecksum
+			checksums = Encode(checksum.Value())
+			checksumPathname = c.base.Append(
+				dirChecksum,
+				checksums,
+			)
+
+			if externStatus != nil {
+				if err = f.prepareStatus(false); err != nil {
+					_ = externStatus.Close()
+					return
+				} else if _, err = io.Copy(f.status, externStatus); err != nil {
+					_ = externStatus.Close()
+					return
+				} else if err = externStatus.Close(); err != nil {
+					return
+				} else if err = f.linkSubstitute(ids, substitutes); err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+			}
+			return
+		}
+
 		if err = c.enterCure(a, curesExempt); err != nil {
 			return
 		}
 		err = ca.Cure(&f)
-		if err == nil && f.status != nil {
-			statusS := c.base.Append(
-				dirStatus,
-				substitutes,
-			)
-			c.checksumMu.Lock()
-			err = os.Link(c.base.Append(
-				dirStatus,
-				ids,
-			).String(), statusS.String())
-			c.checksumMu.Unlock()
-			if err == nil {
-				f.statusSPath = statusS
-			}
-		}
 		c.exitCure(a, curesExempt)
+
+		if err == nil {
+			err = f.linkSubstitute(ids, substitutes)
+		}
 		if err != nil {
 			if c.msg.IsVerbose() {
 				c.msg.Verbosef("cure %s: %v", reportName(ca, id), err)
@@ -2101,7 +2293,7 @@ func (c *Cache) cure(a Artifact, curesExempt bool) (
 	}
 
 	var gotChecksum Checksum
-	if err = HashFS(
+	if err = SumFS(
 		&gotChecksum,
 		dotOverrideFS{os.DirFS(t.work.String()).(dirFS)},
 		".",
@@ -2376,6 +2568,37 @@ func open(
 		c.unlock = func() {}
 	}
 
+	for _, name := range []string{
+		dirWork,
+		dirTemp,
+	} {
+		dents, err := os.ReadDir(base.Append(name).String())
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+				continue
+			}
+			c.unlock()
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if len(dents) != 0 {
+			c.unlock()
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf(
+				"%s is not empty, scrub likely required",
+				name,
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if _, err := os.ReadDir(base.Append(
+		dirExecScratch,
+	).String()); !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		c.unlock()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return nil, errors.New(dirExecScratch + " is present, scrub likely required")
+	}
+
 	variantPath := base.Append(fileVariant).String()
 	if p, err := os.ReadFile(variantPath); err != nil {
 		if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {

internal/pkg/pkg_test.go

@@ -61,6 +61,11 @@ var (
 	//
 	//go:linkname irArtifact hakurei.app/internal/pkg.irArtifact
 	irArtifact map[pkg.Kind]pkg.IRReadFunc
+
+	// statusHeader is the header written to all status files in dirStatus.
+	//
+	//go:linkname statusHeader hakurei.app/internal/pkg.statusHeader
+	statusHeader string
 )
 
 // newRContext returns the address of a new [pkg.RContext] unsafely created for
@@ -192,6 +197,35 @@ func newStubFile(
 	}
 }
 
+// stubExtern implements [External] with hardcoded prepared outcomes.
+type stubExtern struct {
+	artifact map[unique.Handle[pkg.ID]]pkg.Checksum
+	checksum map[unique.Handle[pkg.Checksum]]fstest.MapFS
+	status   map[unique.Handle[pkg.ID]]string
+}
+
+func (e stubExtern) Artifact(_ context.Context, id unique.Handle[pkg.ID]) (*pkg.Checksum, error) {
+	if checksum, ok := e.artifact[id]; ok {
+		return &checksum, nil
+	}
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (e stubExtern) Checksum(checksum unique.Handle[pkg.Checksum]) pkg.Artifact {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if err := pkg.Write(e.checksum[checksum], ".", &buf); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return pkg.NewArchive(pkg.NewFile("", buf.Bytes()))
+}
+
+func (e stubExtern) Status(_ *pkg.RContext, id unique.Handle[pkg.ID]) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	if status, ok := e.status[id]; ok {
+		return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(status)), nil
+	}
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
 // destroyArtifact removes all traces of an [Artifact] from the on-disk cache.
 // Do not use this in a test case without a very good reason to do so.
 func destroyArtifact(
@@ -288,15 +322,15 @@ func TestIdent(t *testing.T) {
 		a    pkg.Artifact
 		want unique.Handle[pkg.ID]
 	}{
-		{"tar", &stubArtifact{
-			pkg.KindTar,
-			[]byte{pkg.TarGzip, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+		{"decompress", &stubArtifact{
+			pkg.KindDecompress,
+			[]byte{pkg.Gzip, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
 			[]pkg.Artifact{
 				overrideIdent{pkg.ID{}, new(stubArtifact)},
 			},
 			nil,
 		}, unique.Make[pkg.ID](pkg.MustDecode(
-			"WKErnjTOVbuH2P9a0gM4OcAAO4p-CoX2HQu7CbZrg8ZOzApvWoO3-ISzPw6av_rN",
+			"97Y85QewssfPbNIN9cyNhzD4e6dLHcDTU8rb2c34k-aCrZfBNXFUc0duPiLFFcw_",
 		))},
 	}
 
@@ -352,7 +386,7 @@ type expectsFS fstest.MapFS
 
 // hash computes the checksum of e.
 func (e expectsFS) hash() (checksum pkg.Checksum) {
-	if err := pkg.HashFS(&checksum, fstest.MapFS(e), "."); err != nil {
+	if err := pkg.SumFS(&checksum, fstest.MapFS(e), "."); err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 	return
@@ -434,6 +468,31 @@ const (
 	checkDestroySubstitutes = 1 << (iota + 32)
 )
 
+// makeBase returns a [pkg.Cache] base directory created for tb.
+func makeBase(tb testing.TB) (base *check.Absolute) {
+	tb.Helper()
+
+	base = check.MustAbs(tb.TempDir())
+	if err := os.Chmod(base.String(), 0700); err != nil {
+		tb.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	tb.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := filepath.WalkDir(base.String(), func(path string, d fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
+			if err != nil {
+				tb.Error(err)
+				return nil
+			}
+			if !d.IsDir() {
+				return nil
+			}
+			return os.Chmod(path, 0700)
+		}); err != nil {
+			tb.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	})
+	return
+}
+
 // checkWithCache runs a slice of cacheTestCase.
 func checkWithCache(t *testing.T, testCases []cacheTestCase) {
 	t.Helper()
@@ -443,25 +502,7 @@ func checkWithCache(t *testing.T, testCases []cacheTestCase) {
 			t.Helper()
 			t.Parallel()
 
-			base := check.MustAbs(t.TempDir())
-			if err := os.Chmod(base.String(), 0700); err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			t.Cleanup(func() {
-				if err := filepath.WalkDir(base.String(), func(path string, d fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
-					if err != nil {
-						t.Error(err)
-						return nil
-					}
-					if !d.IsDir() {
-						return nil
-					}
-					return os.Chmod(path, 0700)
-				}); err != nil {
-					t.Fatal(err)
-				}
-			})
-
+			base := makeBase(t)
 			msg := message.New(log.New(os.Stderr, "cache: ", 0))
 			msg.SwapVerbose(testing.Verbose())
 
@@ -486,7 +527,17 @@ func checkWithCache(t *testing.T, testCases []cacheTestCase) {
 					tc.early(t, base)
 				}
 				tc.f(t, base, c)
-				scrubFunc = func() error { return c.Scrub(1 << 7) }
+				scrubFunc = func() error {
+					err = c.Scrub(1 << 7)
+					idents, checksums, cleanErr := c.Clean(false, false)
+					if len(idents) > 0 {
+						t.Errorf("destroyed %d idents", len(idents))
+					}
+					if len(checksums) > 0 {
+						t.Errorf("destroyed %d checksums", len(checksums))
+					}
+					return errors.Join(err, cleanErr)
+				}
 			}
 
 			var restoreTemp bool
@@ -526,9 +577,10 @@ func checkWithCache(t *testing.T, testCases []cacheTestCase) {
 
 			// destroy empty status directory
 			if err := syscall.Rmdir(base.Append("status").String()); err != nil {
-				t.Error(expectsFrom(base.Append("status").String()))
+				if !errors.Is(err, syscall.ENOTEMPTY) {
 					t.Fatal(err)
 				}
+			}
 
 			// destroy empty fault directory
 			if err := os.Remove(base.Append("fault").String()); err != nil {
@@ -538,8 +590,8 @@ func checkWithCache(t *testing.T, testCases []cacheTestCase) {
 			want := tc.want.hash()
 
 			var checksum pkg.Checksum
-			if err := pkg.HashDir(&checksum, base); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("HashDir: error = %v", err)
+			if err := pkg.SumDir(&checksum, base); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("SumDir: error = %v", err)
 			} else if checksum != want {
 				t.Fatal(expectsFrom(base.String()))
 			}
@@ -558,13 +610,10 @@ func checkWithCache(t *testing.T, testCases []cacheTestCase) {
 			}
 
 			// validate again to make sure scrub did not condemn anything
-			if err := pkg.HashDir(&checksum, base); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("HashDir: error = %v", err)
+			if err := pkg.SumDir(&checksum, base); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("SumDir: error = %v", err)
 			} else if checksum != want {
-				t.Fatalf("(scrubbed) HashDir: %v", &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
-					Got:  checksum,
-					Want: want,
-				})
+				t.Fatalf("(scrubbed) %s", expectsFrom(base.String()))
 			}
 		})
 	}
@@ -1399,6 +1448,179 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
 			"work":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
 		}},
+
+		{"status substitute clean", 0, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
+			destroyed := &stubArtifactF{
+				kind:   pkg.KindExec,
+				params: []byte("destroyed"),
+				deps: []pkg.Artifact{
+					pkg.NewFile("destroyed-input", []byte("destroyed")),
+				},
+				cure: func(f *pkg.FContext) error {
+					if w, err := f.GetStatusWriter(); err != nil {
+						return err
+					} else if _, err = w.Write([]byte("destroyed")); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+
+					p := f.GetWorkDir()
+					if err := os.MkdirAll(p.String(), 0755); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					return os.WriteFile(p.Append("result").String(), nil, 0444)
+				},
+			}
+			substituted := new(*destroyed)
+			substituted.deps = []pkg.Artifact{
+				pkg.NewFile("destroyed-input-0", []byte("destroyed")),
+			}
+			substituted.cure = func(*pkg.FContext) error {
+				panic("substitutable cure reached")
+			}
+
+			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
+				{"destroyed", destroyed, base.Append(
+					"identifier",
+					pkg.Encode(c.Ident(destroyed).Value()),
+				), expectsFS{
+					".":      {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+					"result": {Mode: 0444},
+				}, nil},
+
+				{"substituted", substituted, base.Append(
+					"identifier",
+					pkg.Encode(c.Ident(substituted).Value()),
+				), expectsFS{
+					".":      {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+					"result": {Mode: 0444},
+				}, nil},
+			})
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/UjZSrgz7_B7XMd9fHU7jM33UZhWlFgX0rz7JZbCBYR28bCS7jr_CAJdcDhi52ruE":        {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/UjZSrgz7_B7XMd9fHU7jM33UZhWlFgX0rz7JZbCBYR28bCS7jr_CAJdcDhi52ruE/result": {Mode: 0444},
+			"checksum/wILUy2izpj2sgKJVhGUGIAde1XVuqvp5BpFMIQHanT5Q8R6jK4QPVSrJsjZh-njV":        {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte("destroyed")},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/0Jmc-vGnNDlXTD3jxy-4DGxHW-2-2LtLZ9SXaJtDIqu4uyHfDwDbghNBQ2aYRpab": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/UjZSrgz7_B7XMd9fHU7jM33UZhWlFgX0rz7JZbCBYR28bCS7jr_CAJdcDhi52ruE")},
+			"identifier/L-A8SK4ZX631eyealbJVH08u5pAVEf2NMk8RmLlxl7BVADkU4hNjWD6pi5H7uL1F": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/wILUy2izpj2sgKJVhGUGIAde1XVuqvp5BpFMIQHanT5Q8R6jK4QPVSrJsjZh-njV")},
+			"identifier/VbVV2dFVosCriHnG9t5vwfW4lbHvzOkV2eYwpGpPJZOgNBc0g1wZAhbdKEweLqmW": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/UjZSrgz7_B7XMd9fHU7jM33UZhWlFgX0rz7JZbCBYR28bCS7jr_CAJdcDhi52ruE")},
+			"identifier/aSMwvPAwdsIF9e1spuLyRNEc8aTFA4HRVasoNqGjxdm1laSMs2h2teGsoSzLp_pR": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/wILUy2izpj2sgKJVhGUGIAde1XVuqvp5BpFMIQHanT5Q8R6jK4QPVSrJsjZh-njV")},
+
+			"status": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"status/0Jmc-vGnNDlXTD3jxy-4DGxHW-2-2LtLZ9SXaJtDIqu4uyHfDwDbghNBQ2aYRpab": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("dzO8FEY9lu4hwRT6BfRZOX-uYGsC_5XH4jEJ7sJyThcmG9J_w1ArOAaUCGfL8wAM")},
+			"status/VbVV2dFVosCriHnG9t5vwfW4lbHvzOkV2eYwpGpPJZOgNBc0g1wZAhbdKEweLqmW": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte(statusHeader + "destroyed")},
+			"status/dzO8FEY9lu4hwRT6BfRZOX-uYGsC_5XH4jEJ7sJyThcmG9J_w1ArOAaUCGfL8wAM": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte(statusHeader + "destroyed")},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"substitute/dzO8FEY9lu4hwRT6BfRZOX-uYGsC_5XH4jEJ7sJyThcmG9J_w1ArOAaUCGfL8wAM": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/UjZSrgz7_B7XMd9fHU7jM33UZhWlFgX0rz7JZbCBYR28bCS7jr_CAJdcDhi52ruE")},
+
+			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
+
+		{"extern", 0, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
+			a := &stubArtifactF{
+				kind:   pkg.KindExec,
+				params: []byte("extern"),
+			}
+			wantIdent := c.Ident(a)
+			wantOutput := expectsFS{
+				".":      {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+				"result": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent")},
+			}
+			var wantChecksum pkg.Checksum
+			if err := pkg.SumFS(
+				&wantChecksum,
+				fstest.MapFS(wantOutput),
+				".",
+			); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			wantChecksumH := unique.Make(wantChecksum)
+
+			_a := &stubArtifactF{
+				kind:   pkg.KindExec,
+				params: []byte("extern substitute"),
+				deps:   []pkg.Artifact{pkg.NewFile("", nil)},
+			}
+			_wantIdent := c.Ident(_a)
+			_wantOutput := expectsFS{
+				".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			}
+			var _wantChecksum pkg.Checksum
+			if err := pkg.SumFS(
+				&_wantChecksum,
+				fstest.MapFS(_wantOutput),
+				".",
+			); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			_wantChecksumH := unique.Make(_wantChecksum)
+
+			kca := pkg.NewExec(
+				"", "",
+				new(pkg.Checksum), 0, false, false,
+				fhs.AbsRoot, nil, fhs.AbsRoot, nil,
+			)
+			kcIdent := c.Ident(kca)
+
+			c.SetExternal(stubExtern{
+				artifact: map[unique.Handle[pkg.ID]]pkg.Checksum{
+					wantIdent:  wantChecksum,
+					_wantIdent: _wantChecksum,
+					kcIdent:    wantChecksum,
+				},
+				checksum: map[unique.Handle[pkg.Checksum]]fstest.MapFS{
+					wantChecksumH:  fstest.MapFS(wantOutput),
+					_wantChecksumH: fstest.MapFS(_wantOutput),
+				},
+				status: map[unique.Handle[pkg.ID]]string{
+					wantIdent: "\x00",
+					kcIdent:   "unreachable",
+				},
+			})
+
+			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
+				{"extern", a, base.Append(
+					"identifier",
+					pkg.Encode(wantIdent.Value()),
+				), wantOutput, nil},
+
+				{"substitute", _a, base.Append(
+					"identifier",
+					pkg.Encode(_wantIdent.Value()),
+				), _wantOutput, nil},
+
+				{"mismatch", kca, nil, nil, &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
+					Got: wantChecksum,
+				}},
+			})
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU":        {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb":        {Mode: 0400},
+			"checksum/fHkl_RuHOoc4rso__nV-qreikovd6Yhrq5mpBlkf5hmPGaxDlik2bYOQ4dhUQjtl":        {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/fHkl_RuHOoc4rso__nV-qreikovd6Yhrq5mpBlkf5hmPGaxDlik2bYOQ4dhUQjtl/result": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent")},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/4HqRo4uTwRQjfy3d2cujMoDC_pC4iv20h4a7NYlx0UdbVuky18o5iK78TFEfPX2U": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
+			"identifier/7AZcJm58ghFyTVf_v2baSntgpsxkP5el7ti9dC77C29n8YTEqQW9jRW92KGNdYnz": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/fHkl_RuHOoc4rso__nV-qreikovd6Yhrq5mpBlkf5hmPGaxDlik2bYOQ4dhUQjtl")},
+			"identifier/c4aCI00C-ZVyo_FQDQLl1OYK4U_kjzxwrLdFDiXMHnbMcZXCkXo_nxUWauScZ_4V": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
+			"identifier/cNoG77frXGRCJa7fUi1INKUEQg7L4qrX5acsSv-wqZdGZT7dQwM93rD3at6kSFFF": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb")},
+			"identifier/gvCqzexZVqXjF8B5lKMcP5onmq3jJ6AKqzOW_WN0Fl2yTr9NKhPt9l_ClD2EOSlS": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/fHkl_RuHOoc4rso__nV-qreikovd6Yhrq5mpBlkf5hmPGaxDlik2bYOQ4dhUQjtl")},
+
+			"status": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"status/gvCqzexZVqXjF8B5lKMcP5onmq3jJ6AKqzOW_WN0Fl2yTr9NKhPt9l_ClD2EOSlS": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte("\x00")},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"substitute/qOYrxy9ztKeOA96Os811_0Ox5sd8FBOxis6psJAnRJL5MLazFMaqmd4g7t7k1OHk": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
+
+			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
 	}
 	checkWithCache(t, testCases)
 }
@@ -1761,6 +1983,49 @@ func TestOpen(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Errorf("Open: error = %#v, want %#v", err, wantErr)
 		}
 	})
+
+	t.Run("dirty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		tempDir := check.MustAbs(t.TempDir())
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(tempDir.Append(
+			"cache",
+			"work",
+			"dirty",
+		).String(), 0755); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		wantErr := errors.New("work is not empty, scrub likely required")
+		if _, err := pkg.Open(
+			t.Context(),
+			message.New(nil),
+			0, 0, 0, tempDir.Append("cache"),
+		); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErr) {
+			t.Errorf("Open: error = %#v, want %#v", err, wantErr)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("scratch", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		tempDir := check.MustAbs(t.TempDir())
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(tempDir.Append(
+			"cache",
+			"scratch",
+		).String(), 0755); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		wantErr := errors.New("scratch is present, scrub likely required")
+		if _, err := pkg.Open(
+			t.Context(),
+			message.New(nil),
+			0, 0, 0, tempDir.Append("cache"),
+		); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErr) {
+			t.Errorf("Open: error = %#v, want %#v", err, wantErr)
+		}
+	})
 }
 
 func TestExtensionRegister(t *testing.T) {

internal/pkg/tar.go

@@ -2,32 +2,18 @@ package pkg
 
 import (
 	"archive/tar"
-	"compress/bzip2"
-	"compress/gzip"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
-	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 )
 
-const (
-	// TarUncompressed denotes an uncompressed tarball.
-	TarUncompressed = iota
-	// TarGzip denotes a tarball compressed via [gzip].
-	TarGzip
-	// TarBzip2 denotes a tarball compressed via [bzip2].
-	TarBzip2
-)
-
 // A tarArtifact is an [Artifact] unpacking a tarball backed by a [FileArtifact].
 type tarArtifact struct {
 	// Caller-supplied backing tarball.
 	f Artifact
-	// Compression on top of the tarball.
-	compression uint32
 }
 
 // tarArtifactNamed embeds tarArtifact for a [fmt.Stringer] tarball.
@@ -39,13 +25,13 @@ type tarArtifactNamed struct {
 
 var _ fmt.Stringer = new(tarArtifactNamed)
 
-// String returns the name of the underlying [Artifact] suffixed with unpack.
-func (a *tarArtifactNamed) String() string { return a.name + "-unpack" }
+// String returns the name of the underlying [Artifact] prefixed with unpack.
+func (a *tarArtifactNamed) String() string { return "unpack-" + a.name }
 
-// NewTar returns a new [Artifact] backed by the supplied [Artifact] and
-// compression method. The source [Artifact] must be a [FileArtifact].
-func NewTar(a Artifact, compression uint32) Artifact {
-	ta := tarArtifact{a, compression}
+// NewTar returns a new [Artifact] unpacking the tar stream produced by the
+// backing [Artifact]. The source [Artifact] must be a [FileArtifact].
+func NewTar(a Artifact) Artifact {
+	ta := tarArtifact{a}
 	if s, ok := a.(fmt.Stringer); ok {
 		if name := s.String(); name != "" {
 			return &tarArtifactNamed{ta, name}
@@ -54,25 +40,15 @@ func NewTar(a Artifact, compression uint32) Artifact {
 	return &ta
 }
 
-// NewHTTPGetTar is abbreviation for NewHTTPGet passed to NewTar.
-func NewHTTPGetTar(
-	hc *http.Client,
-	url string,
-	checksum Checksum,
-	compression uint32,
-) Artifact {
-	return NewTar(NewHTTPGet(hc, url, checksum), compression)
-}
-
 // Kind returns the hardcoded [Kind] constant.
 func (a *tarArtifact) Kind() Kind { return KindTar }
 
-// Params writes compression encoded in little endian.
-func (a *tarArtifact) Params(ctx *IContext) { ctx.WriteUint32(a.compression) }
+// Params is a noop.
+func (a *tarArtifact) Params(*IContext) {}
 
 func init() {
 	register(KindTar, func(r *IRReader) Artifact {
-		a := NewTar(r.Next(), r.ReadUint32())
+		a := NewTar(r.Next())
 		if _, ok := r.Finalise(); ok {
 			panic(ErrUnexpectedChecksum)
 		}
@@ -98,42 +74,17 @@ func (e DisallowedTypeflagError) Error() string {
 
 // Cure cures the [Artifact], producing a directory located at work.
 func (a *tarArtifact) Cure(t *TContext) (err error) {
-	var tr io.ReadCloser
-	if tr, err = t.Open(a.f); err != nil {
+	var r io.ReadCloser
+	if r, err = t.Open(a.f); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
-	defer func(f io.ReadCloser) {
-		if err == nil {
-			err = tr.Close()
-		}
-
-		closeErr := f.Close()
+	defer func() {
+		closeErr := r.Close()
 		if err == nil {
 			err = closeErr
 		}
-	}(tr)
-	br := t.cache.getReader(tr)
-	defer t.cache.putReader(br)
-	tr = io.NopCloser(br)
-
-	switch a.compression {
-	case TarUncompressed:
-		break
-
-	case TarGzip:
-		if tr, err = gzip.NewReader(tr); err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-		break
-
-	case TarBzip2:
-		tr = io.NopCloser(bzip2.NewReader(tr))
-		break
-
-	default:
-		return os.ErrInvalid
-	}
+	}()
 
 	type dirTargetPerm struct {
 		path string
@@ -156,8 +107,8 @@ func (a *tarArtifact) Cure(t *TContext) (err error) {
 	}()
 
 	var header *tar.Header
-	r := tar.NewReader(tr)
-	for header, err = r.Next(); err == nil; header, err = r.Next() {
+	tr := tar.NewReader(r)
+	for header, err = tr.Next(); err == nil; header, err = tr.Next() {
 		typeflag := header.Typeflag
 		if typeflag == 0 {
 			if len(header.Name) > 0 && header.Name[len(header.Name)-1] == '/' {
@@ -183,7 +134,7 @@ func (a *tarArtifact) Cure(t *TContext) (err error) {
 			); err != nil {
 				return
 			}
-			if _, err = io.Copy(f, r); err != nil {
+			if _, err = io.Copy(f, tr); err != nil {
 				_ = f.Close()
 				return
 			} else if err = f.Close(); err != nil {

internal/pkg/tar_test.go

@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ func TestTar(t *testing.T) {
 			"checksum/" + wantEncode + "/work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
 
 			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"identifier/W5S65DEhawz_WKaok5NjUKLmnD9dNl5RPauNJjcOVcB3VM4eGhSaLGmXbL8vZpiw": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantEncode)},
-			"identifier/rg7F1D5hwv6o4xctjD5zDq4i5MD0mArTsUIWfhUbik8xC6Bsyt3mjXXOm3goojTz": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantEncode)},
+			"identifier/T68YqeEW5moiwVe4J0wPvjERgyMUd4k_cKKxTcQx6AXqZaQAuuryu-Iv-qxDV6-T": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantEncode)},
+			"identifier/WbWIIUGl6bqDBsjU-UB69JqOWLjG5waiUJBUBGeeRp3V7FBbwaBe3sG1qm7DlPSk": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantEncode)},
 
 			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
 
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ func TestTar(t *testing.T) {
 			"checksum/" + wantExpandEncode + "/libedac.so": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
 
 			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"identifier/W5S65DEhawz_WKaok5NjUKLmnD9dNl5RPauNJjcOVcB3VM4eGhSaLGmXbL8vZpiw": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantExpandEncode)},
-			"identifier/_v1blm2h-_KA-dVaawdpLas6MjHc6rbhhFS8JWwx8iJxZGUu8EBbRrhr5AaZ9PJL": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantExpandEncode)},
+			"identifier/WbWIIUGl6bqDBsjU-UB69JqOWLjG5waiUJBUBGeeRp3V7FBbwaBe3sG1qm7DlPSk": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantExpandEncode)},
+			"identifier/e3BECw_x_vDyTvj2P48MJVgwpgALeXQ90Ye2Y8gr6SwIPtMup6SR2LVcCTDRGpVi": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantExpandEncode)},
 
 			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
 
@@ -156,49 +156,6 @@ func checkTarHTTP(
 		"testdata": {Data: []byte(testdata), Mode: 0400},
 	}))
 
-	wantIdent := func() pkg.ID {
-		h := sha512.New384()
-
-		// kind uint64
-		h.Write([]byte{byte(pkg.KindTar), 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0})
-		// deps_sz uint64
-		h.Write([]byte{1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0})
-
-		// kind uint64
-		h.Write([]byte{byte(pkg.KindHTTPGet), 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0})
-		// ident ID
-		h0 := sha512.New384()
-		// kind uint64
-		h0.Write([]byte{byte(pkg.KindHTTPGet), 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0})
-		// deps_sz uint64
-		h0.Write([]byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0})
-		// url string
-		h0.Write([]byte{byte(pkg.IRKindString), 0, 0, 0})
-		h0.Write([]byte{0x10, 0, 0, 0})
-		h0.Write([]byte("file:///testdata"))
-		// end(KnownChecksum)
-		h0.Write([]byte{byte(pkg.IRKindEnd), 0, 0, 0})
-		h0.Write([]byte{byte(pkg.IREndKnownChecksum), 0, 0, 0})
-		// checksum Checksum
-		h0.Write(testdataChecksum[:])
-		h.Write(h0.Sum(nil))
-		// compression uint32
-		h.Write([]byte{byte(pkg.IRKindUint32), 0, 0, 0})
-		h.Write([]byte{pkg.TarGzip, 0, 0, 0})
-		// end
-		h.Write([]byte{byte(pkg.IRKindEnd), 0, 0, 0})
-		h.Write([]byte{0, 0, 0, 0})
-
-		return pkg.ID(h.Sum(nil))
-	}()
-
-	a := pkg.NewHTTPGetTar(
-		&client,
-		"file:///testdata",
-		testdataChecksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	)
-
 	tarDir := stubArtifact{
 		kind:   pkg.KindExec,
 		params: []byte("directory containing a single regular file"),
@@ -251,27 +208,28 @@ func checkTarHTTP(
 	defer newDestroyArtifactFunc(&tarDirType)(t, base, c)
 
 	cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
-		{"file", a, base.Append(
-			"identifier",
-			pkg.Encode(wantIdent),
-		), want, nil},
+		{"file", pkg.NewTar(pkg.NewDecompress(pkg.NewHTTPGet(
+			&client,
+			"file:///testdata",
+			testdataChecksum,
+		), pkg.Gzip)), ignorePathname, want, nil},
 
-		{"directory", pkg.NewTar(
+		{"directory", pkg.NewTar(pkg.NewDecompress(
 			&tarDir,
-			pkg.TarGzip,
-		), ignorePathname, want, nil},
+			pkg.Gzip,
+		)), ignorePathname, want, nil},
 
-		{"multiple entries", pkg.NewTar(
+		{"multiple entries", pkg.NewTar(pkg.NewDecompress(
 			&tarDirMulti,
-			pkg.TarGzip,
-		), nil, nil, errors.New(
+			pkg.Gzip,
+		)), nil, nil, errors.New(
 			"input directory does not contain a single regular file",
 		)},
 
-		{"bad type", pkg.NewTar(
+		{"bad type", pkg.NewTar(pkg.NewDecompress(
 			&tarDirType,
-			pkg.TarGzip,
-		), nil, nil, errors.New(
+			pkg.Gzip,
+		)), nil, nil, errors.New(
 			"input directory does not contain a single regular file",
 		)},
 
@@ -281,6 +239,6 @@ func checkTarHTTP(
 			cure: func(t *pkg.TContext) error {
 				return stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)
 			},
-		}, pkg.TarGzip), nil, nil, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)},
+		}), nil, nil, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)},
 	})
 }

internal/report/report.go

@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
+	// Trivial denotes an error that may happen frequently under normal operation.
+	Trivial = iota
 	// Inconsistent denotes an error diagnosed due to inconsistent state.
-	Inconsistent = iota
+	Inconsistent
 	// Degraded denotes an error condition causing a degraded state.
 	Degraded
 	// Fatal denotes an unrecoverable error. This is generally followed by
@@ -88,6 +90,8 @@ func (e Error) MarshalJSON() (data []byte, err error) {
 	}{Message: e.Message}
 
 	switch e.Severity {
+	case Trivial:
+		v.Severity = "trivial"
 	case Inconsistent:
 		v.Severity = "inconsistent"
 	case Degraded:
@@ -98,8 +102,7 @@ func (e Error) MarshalJSON() (data []byte, err error) {
 		v.Severity = e.Severity
 	}
 
-	var re RepresentableError
-	if errors.As(e.Err, &re) {
+	if re, ok := errors.AsType[RepresentableError](e.Err); ok {
 		v.Err, err = json.Marshal(re)
 	} else {
 		v.Err, err = json.Marshal(e.Err.Error())
@@ -162,11 +165,11 @@ func (r *Reporter) dispatch(severity int, message string, e error) (err error) {
 			err = _err
 		}
 		r.mu.Unlock()
-	} else if flag&DBypassEarly == 0 {
+	} else if flag&DBypassEarly == 0 && severity != Trivial {
 		panic(p)
 	}
 
-	if flag&DStrict != 0 {
+	if flag&DStrict != 0 && severity != Trivial {
 		panic(p)
 	}
 

internal/rosa/azalea/evaluate.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"maps"
 	"reflect"
 	"slices"
+	"strings"
 	"unique"
 )
 
@@ -107,8 +108,8 @@ func (e TypeError) Error() string {
 }
 
 func (e TypeError) Is(err error) bool {
-	var v TypeError
-	return errors.As(err, &v) &&
+	v, ok := errors.AsType[TypeError](err)
+	return ok &&
 		e.Asserted == v.Asserted &&
 		e.Concrete == v.Concrete
 }
@@ -233,14 +234,14 @@ func evaluateAny(d PF, s []Frame, expr, rp any) bool {
 				return evaluateAny(d, s, e[0], rp)
 			}
 		}
-		var v string
+		var v strings.Builder
 		for i := range e {
 			var _r string
 			if evaluate(d, s, e[i], &_r) {
-				v += _r
+				v.WriteString(_r)
 			}
 		}
-		store(rp, v)
+		store(rp, v.String())
 		return true
 
 	case Array:

internal/rosa/azalea/evaluate_test.go

@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ func TestEvaluate(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			var errEquals bool
-			if errors.As(err, new(TypeError)) {
+			if _, ok := errors.AsType[TypeError](err); ok {
 				errEquals = errors.Is(err, tc.err)
 			} else {
 				errEquals = reflect.DeepEqual(err, tc.err)

internal/rosa/builtins.go

@@ -21,8 +21,13 @@ const (
 )
 
 // newTar wraps [pkg.NewHTTPGetTar] with a simpler function signature.
-func newTar(url, checksum string, compression uint32) pkg.Artifact {
-	return pkg.NewHTTPGetTar(nil, url, mustDecode(checksum), compression)
+func newTar(url, checksum string, compress uint32) pkg.Artifact {
+	return pkg.NewTar(
+		pkg.NewDecompress(
+			pkg.NewHTTPGet(nil, url, mustDecode(checksum)),
+			compress,
+		),
+	)
 }
 
 // newFromCPAN is a helper for downloading release from CPAN.
@@ -32,7 +37,7 @@ func newFromCPAN(author, name, version, checksum string) pkg.Artifact {
 			author[:1]+"/"+author[:2]+"/"+author+"/"+
 			name+"-"+version+".tar.gz",
 		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
+		pkg.Gzip,
 	)
 }
 
@@ -43,7 +48,7 @@ func newFromGitLab(domain, suffix, ref, checksum string) pkg.Artifact {
 			ref+"/"+path.Base(suffix)+"-"+
 			strings.ReplaceAll(ref, "/", "-")+".tar.bz2",
 		checksum,
-		pkg.TarBzip2,
+		pkg.Bzip2,
 	)
 }
 
@@ -53,7 +58,7 @@ func newFromGitHub(suffix, tag, checksum string) pkg.Artifact {
 		"https://github.com/"+suffix+
 			"/archive/refs/tags/"+tag+".tar.gz",
 		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
+		pkg.Gzip,
 	)
 }
 

internal/rosa/cmake.go

@@ -98,6 +98,6 @@ cmake -G ` + generate + ` \
 	-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/system \
 	'/usr/src/` + name + `/` + filepath.Join(attr.Append...) + `'
 cmake --build . --parallel=` + jobsE + `
-cmake --install . --prefix=/work/system
+DESTDIR=/work cmake --install .
 ` + script
 }

internal/rosa/etc.go

@@ -15,8 +15,13 @@ import (
 // [Toolchain]. This silences test suites expecting certain standard files to be
 // available in /etc.
 type cureEtc struct {
-	// Optional via newIANAEtc.
-	iana pkg.Artifact
+	// Whether to exclude ianaEtc.
+	minimal bool
+}
+
+// NewEtc returns a [pkg.Artifact] containing deterministic elements of /etc.
+func NewEtc(minimal bool) pkg.Artifact {
+	return cureEtc{minimal}
 }
 
 // Cure writes hardcoded configuration to files under etc.
@@ -45,8 +50,8 @@ nobody:x:65534:
 		}
 	}
 
-	if a.iana != nil {
-		iana, _ := t.GetArtifact(a.iana)
+	if !a.minimal {
+		iana, _ := t.GetArtifact(ianaEtc)
 
 		buf := make([]byte, syscall.Getpagesize()<<3)
 		for _, name := range []string{
@@ -90,7 +95,7 @@ func (cureEtc) Kind() pkg.Kind { return kindEtc }
 
 // Params writes whether iana-etc is populated.
 func (a cureEtc) Params(ctx *pkg.IContext) {
-	if a.iana != nil {
+	if !a.minimal {
 		ctx.WriteUint32(1)
 	} else {
 		ctx.WriteUint32(0)
@@ -100,8 +105,8 @@ func (a cureEtc) Params(ctx *pkg.IContext) {
 func init() {
 	pkg.Register(kindEtc, func(r *pkg.IRReader) pkg.Artifact {
 		a := cureEtc{}
-		if r.ReadUint32() != 0 {
-			a.iana = r.Next()
+		if r.ReadUint32() == 0 {
+			a.minimal = true
 		}
 		if _, ok := r.Finalise(); ok {
 			panic(pkg.ErrUnexpectedChecksum)
@@ -115,34 +120,28 @@ func (cureEtc) IsExclusive() bool { return false }
 
 // Dependencies returns a slice containing the backing iana-etc release.
 func (a cureEtc) Dependencies() []pkg.Artifact {
-	if a.iana != nil {
-		return []pkg.Artifact{a.iana}
+	if !a.minimal {
+		return []pkg.Artifact{ianaEtc}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 // String returns a hardcoded reporting name.
 func (a cureEtc) String() string {
-	if a.iana == nil {
+	if a.minimal {
 		return "cure-etc-minimal"
 	}
 	return "cure-etc"
 }
 
-// newIANAEtc returns an unpacked iana-etc release.
-func newIANAEtc() pkg.Artifact {
-	const (
-		version  = "20251215"
-		checksum = "kvKz0gW_rGG5QaNK9ZWmWu1IEgYAdmhj_wR7DYrh3axDfIql_clGRHmelP7525NJ"
-	)
-	return newFromGitHubRelease(
+// ianaEtc is an unpacked iana-etc release.
+var ianaEtc = newFromGitHubRelease(
 	"Mic92/iana-etc",
-		version,
-		"iana-etc-"+version+".tar.gz",
-		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
-	)
-}
+	"20251215",
+	"iana-etc-20251215.tar.gz",
+	"kvKz0gW_rGG5QaNK9ZWmWu1IEgYAdmhj_wR7DYrh3axDfIql_clGRHmelP7525NJ",
+	pkg.Gzip,
+)
 
 var (
 	resolvconfPath pkg.ExecPath

internal/rosa/go.go

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ func (t Toolchain) newGo(
 	return t.NewPackage("go", version, newTar(
 		"https://go.dev/dl/go"+version+".src.tar.gz",
 		checksum,
-		pkg.TarGzip,
+		pkg.Gzip,
 	), &PackageAttr{
 		EnterSource: true,
 		Env: slices.Concat([]string{
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ ln -s \
 
 func init() {
 	const (
-		version  = "1.26.3"
-		checksum = "lEiFocZFnN5fKvZzmwVdqc9pYUjAuhzqZGbuiOqxUP4XdcY8yECisKcqsQ_eNn1N"
+		version  = "1.26.4"
+		checksum = "fpqJlxa41wKRtbnviYNLk9VxgcL-5oIEDxsriF8svU6kNwQW70oRRA9gTz_ImVoB"
 	)
 	meta := Metadata{
 		Name:        "go",
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ func init() {
 			bootstrapEarly = []pkg.Artifact{t.NewPackage("go", "1.4-bootstrap", newTar(
 				"https://dl.google.com/go/go1.4-bootstrap-20171003.tar.gz",
 				"8o9JL_ToiQKadCTb04nvBDkp8O1xiWOolAxVEqaTGodieNe4lOFEjlOxN3bwwe23",
-				pkg.TarGzip,
+				pkg.Gzip,
 			), &PackageAttr{
 				EnterSource: true,
 				Env: []string{
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@ sed -i \
 		)
 
 		go125 := t.newGo(
-			"1.25.10",
-			"TwKwatkpwal-j9U2sDSRPEdM3YesI4Gm88YgGV59wtU-L85K9gA7UPy9SCxn6PMb",
+			"1.25.11",
+			"cnqAQ8wpVZXcM6nHAfSqFkIW4L3H73ALB9rBfKUBbfgg4_pOF3I9zOZARgYQ6MR2",
 			[]string{"CGO_ENABLED=0"}, `
 sed -i \
 	's,/lib/ld-musl-`+t.linuxArch()+`.so.1,/system/bin/linker,' \

internal/rosa/llvm.go

@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ ln -s \
 	})
 
 	const (
-		version  = "22.1.6"
-		checksum = "vwMyqgc_09d__u49IlXGlxnp8eFlvpibhYQgVxQg-sGdoZlzyapMV4uX4UAjE7rA"
+		version  = "22.1.7"
+		checksum = "GFjsoTzJ72YWQuAaNmlO67IIkoZ8Z12u3n0dOEMSpltmyXUJp8e3cccWDrscXILZ"
 	)
 
 	native.MustRegister("llvm-project", func(t Toolchain) (*Metadata, pkg.Artifact) {

internal/rosa/llvm_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package rosa_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+	"hakurei.app/internal/rosa"
+)
+
+func TestLLVMInputs(t *testing.T) {
+	const wantInputCount = 553
+
+	_, llvm := rosa.Native().Std().MustLoad(rosa.H("llvm"))
+	var n int
+	for range pkg.Inputs(llvm) {
+		n++
+	}
+	if n != wantInputCount {
+		t.Errorf("Inputs: %d, want %d", n, wantInputCount)
+	}
+}

internal/rosa/mirror.go

@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+package rosa
+
+import (
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"crypto/sha512"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"unique"
+
+	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+	"hakurei.app/message"
+)
+
+// Remote is an authenticated cache mirror.
+type Remote struct {
+	// Mirror URL.
+	url *url.URL
+	// Trusted public key.
+	pub ed25519.PublicKey
+	// For requests to the mirror.
+	c *http.Client
+}
+
+// NewRemote returns a populated [Remote]
+func NewRemote(base string, pub ed25519.PublicKey, c *http.Client) (Remote, error) {
+	u, err := url.Parse(base)
+	return Remote{u, pub, c}, err
+}
+
+// get makes a [http.MethodGet] request and returns the response, or nil if
+// the response StatusCode is [http.StatusNotFound].
+func (r Remote) get(ctx context.Context, elem ...string) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if r.url == nil || len(r.pub) != ed25519.PublicKeySize || r.c == nil {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(
+		ctx,
+		http.MethodGet,
+		r.url.JoinPath(elem...).String(),
+		nil,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Rosa/1.1")
+
+	var resp *http.Response
+	if resp, err = r.c.Do(req); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	switch resp.StatusCode {
+	case http.StatusOK:
+		return resp, nil
+
+	case http.StatusNotFound:
+		return nil, resp.Body.Close()
+
+	default:
+		_ = resp.Body.Close()
+		return nil, pkg.ResponseStatusError(resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+}
+
+const (
+	// dirArtifact holds signed artifact outcome checksums.
+	dirArtifact = "artifact"
+	// dirOutcome holds outcome archives by their checksum.
+	dirOutcome = "outcome"
+	// dirStatus holds signed status files.
+	dirStatus = "status"
+)
+
+// An OutcomeBadSizeError describes a mirror outcome with unexpected size.
+type OutcomeBadSizeError struct {
+	Ident unique.Handle[pkg.ID]
+	Size  int64
+}
+
+func (e OutcomeBadSizeError) Error() string {
+	if e.Size < 0 {
+		return "remote did not return outcome size for " +
+			pkg.Encode(e.Ident.Value())
+	}
+	return "outcome size " + strconv.FormatInt(e.Size, 10) +
+		" invalid for " + pkg.Encode(e.Ident.Value())
+}
+
+// An OutcomeAuthError describes a mirror outcome with invalid signature.
+type OutcomeAuthError unique.Handle[pkg.ID]
+
+func (e OutcomeAuthError) Error() string {
+	return "invalid outcome signature for " +
+		pkg.Encode(unique.Handle[pkg.ID](e).Value())
+}
+
+// Artifact fetches and authenticates an outcome.
+func (r Remote) Artifact(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	id unique.Handle[pkg.ID],
+) (*pkg.Checksum, error) {
+	if len(r.pub) != ed25519.PublicKeySize || r.c == nil {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+
+	resp, err := r.get(ctx, dirArtifact, pkg.Encode(id.Value()))
+	if err != nil || resp == nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var buf [ed25519.SignatureSize + 2*len(pkg.Checksum{})]byte
+	if resp.ContentLength != int64(len(buf)) {
+		_ = resp.Body.Close()
+		return nil, OutcomeBadSizeError{id, resp.ContentLength}
+	}
+	if _, err = io.ReadFull(resp.Body, buf[:]); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Join(err, resp.Body.Close())
+	} else if err = resp.Body.Close(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if !ed25519.Verify(
+		r.pub,
+		buf[ed25519.SignatureSize:],
+		buf[:ed25519.SignatureSize],
+	) {
+		return nil, OutcomeAuthError(id)
+	} else if unique.Make((pkg.ID)(buf[ed25519.SignatureSize:])) != id {
+		return nil, OutcomeAuthError(id)
+	}
+	return (*pkg.Checksum)(buf[ed25519.SignatureSize+len(pkg.Checksum{}):]), nil
+}
+
+// Checksum returns an artifact satisfying checksum.
+func (r Remote) Checksum(checksum unique.Handle[pkg.Checksum]) pkg.Artifact {
+	return pkg.NewArchive(pkg.NewHTTPGet(
+		r.c,
+		r.url.JoinPath(dirOutcome, pkg.Encode(checksum.Value())).String(),
+		checksum.Value(),
+	))
+}
+
+// A StatusBadSizeError describes a mirror status with unexpected size.
+type StatusBadSizeError unique.Handle[pkg.ID]
+
+func (e StatusBadSizeError) Error() string {
+	return "status payload too short for " +
+		pkg.Encode(unique.Handle[pkg.ID](e).Value())
+}
+
+// A StatusAuthError describes a mirror status with invalid signature.
+type StatusAuthError unique.Handle[pkg.ID]
+
+func (e StatusAuthError) Error() string {
+	return "invalid status signature for " +
+		pkg.Encode(unique.Handle[pkg.ID](e).Value())
+}
+
+// Status authenticates the checksum of a status file and returns its
+// corresponding measured reader.
+func (r Remote) Status(
+	ctx *pkg.RContext,
+	id unique.Handle[pkg.ID],
+) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	resp, err := r.get(ctx.Unwrap(), dirStatus, pkg.Encode(id.Value()))
+	if err != nil || resp == nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var buf [ed25519.SignatureSize + 2*len(pkg.Checksum{})]byte
+	if _, err = io.ReadFull(resp.Body, buf[:]); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF) {
+			err = StatusBadSizeError(id)
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if !ed25519.Verify(
+		r.pub,
+		buf[ed25519.SignatureSize:],
+		buf[:ed25519.SignatureSize],
+	) {
+		_ = resp.Body.Close()
+		return nil, StatusAuthError(id)
+	} else if unique.Make((pkg.ID)(buf[ed25519.SignatureSize:])) != id {
+		return nil, StatusAuthError(id)
+	}
+	return ctx.NewMeasuredReader(
+		resp.Body,
+		unique.Make((pkg.Checksum)(buf[ed25519.SignatureSize+len(pkg.Checksum{}):])),
+	), nil
+}
+
+// NewMirror returns an [http.Handler] for servicing mirror requests.
+func NewMirror(
+	msg message.Msg,
+	fsys fs.FS,
+	key ed25519.PrivateKey,
+) http.Handler {
+	const identName = "ident"
+	var mux http.ServeMux
+
+	mux.HandleFunc("/"+dirArtifact+"/{"+identName+"}", func(
+		w http.ResponseWriter,
+		req *http.Request,
+	) {
+		var buf [2 * len(pkg.Checksum{})]byte
+		if err := pkg.Decode(
+			(*pkg.Checksum)(buf[:len(pkg.Checksum{})]),
+			req.PathValue(identName),
+		); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		ids := pkg.Encode((pkg.Checksum)(buf[:len(pkg.Checksum{})]))
+		if linkname, err := fs.ReadLink(fsys, filepath.Join(
+			"identifier",
+			ids,
+		)); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+				return
+			}
+			msg.GetLogger().Println(err)
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		} else if err = pkg.Decode(
+			(*pkg.Checksum)(buf[len(pkg.Checksum{}):]),
+			filepath.Base(linkname),
+		); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+		msg.Verbosef("serving artifact %s", ids)
+
+		w.Header().Set(
+			"Content-Length",
+			strconv.Itoa(ed25519.SignatureSize+len(buf)),
+		)
+		if _, err := w.Write(append(
+			ed25519.Sign(key, buf[:]),
+			buf[:]...,
+		)); err != nil {
+			msg.Verbose(err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	mux.HandleFunc("/"+dirOutcome+"/{"+identName+"}", func(
+		w http.ResponseWriter,
+		req *http.Request,
+	) {
+		if !strings.Contains(req.Header.Get("Accept-Encoding"), "gzip") {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotAcceptable)
+			return
+		}
+
+		var buf pkg.Checksum
+		if err := pkg.Decode(
+			&buf,
+			req.PathValue(identName),
+		); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		checksums := pkg.Encode(buf)
+		rel := filepath.Join("checksum", checksums)
+		if _, err := fs.Lstat(fsys, rel); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+				return
+			}
+			msg.GetLogger().Println(err)
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+		msg.Verbosef("serving outcome %s", pkg.Encode(buf))
+
+		_fsys, err := fs.Sub(fsys, rel)
+		if err != nil {
+			msg.GetLogger().Println(err)
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+
+		var gw *gzip.Writer
+		if gw, err = gzip.NewWriterLevel(w, gzip.BestCompression); err != nil {
+			msg.GetLogger().Println(err)
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Encoding", "gzip")
+		if err = pkg.Write(_fsys, ".", gw); err != nil {
+			msg.Verbose(err)
+		}
+		if err = gw.Close(); err != nil {
+			msg.GetLogger().Println(err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	mux.HandleFunc("/"+dirStatus+"/{"+identName+"}", func(
+		w http.ResponseWriter,
+		req *http.Request,
+	) {
+		var buf [2 * len(pkg.Checksum{})]byte
+		if err := pkg.Decode(
+			(*pkg.Checksum)(buf[:len(pkg.Checksum{})]),
+			req.PathValue(identName),
+		); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		ids := pkg.Encode((pkg.Checksum)(buf[:len(pkg.Checksum{})]))
+		f, err := fsys.Open(filepath.Join(
+			"status",
+			ids,
+		))
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+				return
+			}
+			msg.GetLogger().Println(err)
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+		s, ok := f.(io.Seeker)
+		if !ok {
+			msg.GetLogger().Println("backing filesystem does not support seek")
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+		msg.Verbosef("serving status %s", ids)
+
+		h := sha512.New384()
+		if _, err = io.Copy(h, f); err != nil {
+			_ = f.Close()
+			msg.Verbose(err)
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		}
+		h.Sum(buf[len(pkg.Checksum{}):len(pkg.Checksum{})])
+		if _, err = w.Write(append(ed25519.Sign(key, buf[:]), buf[:]...)); err != nil {
+			msg.Verbose(err)
+			return
+		} else if _, err = s.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+			msg.GetLogger().Println(err)
+			return
+		} else if _, err = io.Copy(w, f); err != nil {
+			msg.Verbose(err)
+			return
+		}
+	})
+
+	return &mux
+}

internal/rosa/mirror_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package rosa_test
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"io/fs"
+	"log"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+	"testing/fstest"
+	"unique"
+
+	"hakurei.app/check"
+	"hakurei.app/fhs"
+	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+	"hakurei.app/internal/rosa"
+	"hakurei.app/message"
+)
+
+func TestMirror(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	pub, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	base := check.MustAbs(t.TempDir())
+	msg := message.New(log.New(os.Stderr, "mirror: ", 0))
+	msg.SwapVerbose(testing.Verbose())
+
+	var c *pkg.Cache
+	c, err = pkg.Open(t.Context(), msg, 0, 0, 0, base)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(c.Close)
+
+	a := pkg.NewExec(
+		"", "",
+		nil, 0, false, false,
+		fhs.AbsRoot, nil, fhs.AbsRoot, nil,
+	)
+	id := c.Ident(a)
+	ids := pkg.Encode(id.Value())
+
+	var wantChecksum pkg.Checksum
+	if err = pkg.SumFS(&wantChecksum, fstest.MapFS{
+		".": {Mode: os.ModeDir | 0500},
+	}, "."); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	wantChecksums := pkg.Encode(wantChecksum)
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(rosa.NewMirror(msg, fstest.MapFS{
+		"identifier/" + ids:         {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantChecksums)},
+		"checksum/" + wantChecksums: {Mode: os.ModeDir | 0500},
+	}, priv))
+	t.Cleanup(server.Close)
+
+	var extern pkg.External
+	extern, err = rosa.NewRemote("http://example.com:80", pub, server.Client())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	c.SetExternal(extern)
+
+	var got unique.Handle[pkg.Checksum]
+	if _, got, err = c.Cure(a); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	} else if got.Value() != wantChecksum {
+		t.Logf(
+			"Cure: checksum = %s, want %s",
+			pkg.Encode(got.Value()), pkg.Encode(wantChecksum),
+		)
+	}
+}

internal/rosa/package/dtc.az

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ package dtc {
 	website = "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/dtc/dtc.git";
 	anitya = 16911;
 
-	version# = "1.7.2";
+	version# = "1.8.1";
 	source = remoteTar {
 		url = "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/dtc/dtc.git/snapshot/"+
 			"dtc-v"+version+".tar.gz";
-		checksum = "vUoiRynPyYRexTpS6USweT5p4SVHvvVJs8uqFkkVD-YnFjwf6v3elQ0-Etrh00Dt";
+		checksum = "sPsg0G4AeTvNQfUqu3bWsVNuMT0ZGvb5MP1CaO-sQYLP_rUTk5sHiHMQ_FfLPN92";
 		compress = gzip;
 	};
 
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ package dtc {
 	exec = meson {
 		setup = {
 			"Dyaml": "disabled";
-			"Dstatic-build": "true";
 		};
 	};
 

internal/rosa/package/fontconfig.az

@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ package fontconfig {
 	website = "https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/fontconfig";
 	anitya = 827;
 
-	version# = "2.18.0";
+	version# = "2.18.1";
 	source = remoteGitLab {
 		domain = "gitlab.freedesktop.org";
 		suffix = "fontconfig/fontconfig";
 		ref = version;
-		checksum = "Z-yA7pFiE7cRDxZm32EHUPmeRx-lth2X6uw51aoeLi4BXwNm4iOWT13IGp3YSbNW";
+		checksum = "S3FJfh-PeZ2_YgNrUqL0H2G4Wf_ilj5HpIGV2oURnkK672AQHpWk526bNtRHwyJt";
 	};
 
 	exec = make {

internal/rosa/package/gcc/package.az

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ package binutils {
 	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/binutils";
 	anitya = 7981;
 
-	version# = "2.46.0";
+	version# = "2.46.1";
 	source = remoteTar {
 		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/binutils-"+version+".tar.bz2";
-		checksum = "4kK1_EXQipxSqqyvwD4LbiMLFKCUApjq6PeG4XJP4dzxYGqDeqXfh8zLuTyOuOVR";
+		checksum = "ihCVohBxX-URAR-YFDdVrL3inLYsEVX8KbbQmcbHaShHgqqmtsvUue1h3LXSjW-d";
 		compress = bzip2;
 	};
 

internal/rosa/package/gnu.az

@@ -504,10 +504,10 @@ package parallel {
 	website = "https://www.gnu.org/software/parallel";
 	anitya = 5448;
 
-	version# = "20260422";
+	version# = "20260522";
 	source = remoteTar {
 		url = "https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/parallel/parallel-"+version+".tar.bz2";
-		checksum = "eTsepxgqhXpMEhPd55qh-W5y4vjKn0x9TD2mzbJCNZYtFf4lT4Wzoqr74HGJYBEH";
+		checksum = "ezg3NZMlY-q-478YXmjWmDrDlaL55T7aBCuv3B7Z3DkAlfZRQEKO8eumqbcxTIy6";
 		compress = bzip2;
 	};
 

internal/rosa/package/harfbuzz.az

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ package harfbuzz {
 	website = "https://harfbuzz.github.io";
 	anitya = 1299;
 
-	version# = "14.2.0";
+	version# = "14.2.1";
 	source = remoteGitHub {
 		suffix = "harfbuzz/harfbuzz";
 		tag = version;
-		checksum = "2VgjUmcPeIbleafZaGk5l7iGnag2qj0HTqrJ5770GzivebryZ2pbwVIha5j_24PH";
+		checksum = "gWl1fS1nXSH9Z9GpJSrh6w7Iv6AOjZbDL_4JZAZTiTYSyLCfxIFuCRLjYmqT2nbt";
 	};
 
 	exec = meson {

internal/rosa/package/hwdata.az

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ package hwdata {
 	website = "https://github.com/vcrhonek/hwdata";
 	anitya = 5387;
 
-	version# = "0.407";
+	version# = "0.408";
 	source = remoteGitHub {
 		suffix = "vcrhonek/hwdata";
 		tag = "v"+version;
-		checksum = "6p1XD0CRuzt6hLfjv4ShKBW934BexmoPkRrmwxD4J63fBVCzVBRHyF8pVJdW_Xjm";
+		checksum = "1Rm52ovBb8sZRlA578EKgKSIea9QGgDVSBDETU872BisZTVosQy-OTKkWpzU_ddB";
 	};
 
 	writable = true;

internal/rosa/package/iproute2.az

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ package iproute2 {
 	website = "https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/iproute2";
 	anitya = 1392;
 
-	version# = "7.0.0";
+	version# = "7.1.0";
 	source = remoteTar {
 		url = "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/network/iproute2/iproute2.git/"+
 			"snapshot/iproute2-"+version+".tar.gz";
-		checksum = "6SNrMEKYMO-Nt4u_Ni-qOnBpzuokkf515ya-75l6APNbZwihXy8Utv1snbUpHx3T";
+		checksum = "yc6NdF6GtFUpKtKg6xwF_yxYGyj0eqFQW8RGsgBzKrOiVlE2bpVQlfeZf_ca5wJL";
 		compress = gzip;
 	};
 

internal/rosa/package/kernel/package.az

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ package kernel-source {
 	website = "https://kernel.org";
 	exclude = true;
 
-	version# = "6.12.90";
+	version# = "6.12.93";
 	output = remoteTar {
 		url = "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/"+
 			"snapshot/linux-"+version+".tar.gz";
-		checksum = "l9d_2veqbj3RVDp8L6vhV7j2DOLQtzQUqnzPFuJBR_VD8a3k4mvBQRR1-LE-SWZJ";
+		checksum = "cGFcgR-h4Vwv2BU78jV4HmU-3yU_ER8l8LyKF0MibEsB-kUbbrIgqxMedXZ1j8Xw";
 		compress = gzip;
 	};
 }
@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ cat \
 	checksum = arch {
 		default = "";
 
-		amd64 = "FkIf0_SD4g3mK_VWa9FJURjLS66YmknYTh49uMDlDSnoQpq6BqBymAm47joDwdWi";
-		arm64 = "bJ6ZLJhDR3K9So9zLh5s31hQPm_27gyl7XDVmCgdvyJGKDnffCKdtlE0HuvEbvye";
-		riscv64 = "bbZCVNS1ryP-XoW9Gwx3ugvhvOA6d5UuO6gE7-Gv82g_bQN1hk4GG0SXBo-otyqS";
+		amd64 = "Oy3soh5GNJr4JU7lk85J49LgNw-44SGpNB6NVlPp_mFUaXxvIGt1KLPnlpU3JYcB";
+		arm64 = "GKHHQepUpwQjsSiq47-HV1G_aRR12oasaO5dV2bjc3D-4UzE9-Mb92ptplQQhSEc";
+		riscv64 = "YwNZiSwm6EnTyCmKe-RMLhFHD7VuJoVjD6XnqywaB3e-Vk0rEWxsAxoNkCvxbXz9";
 	};
 	inputs = [ rsync ];
 }

internal/rosa/package/libdrm.az

@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ package libdrm {
 	website = "https://dri.freedesktop.org";
 	anitya = 1596;
 
-	version# = "2.4.133";
+	version# = "2.4.134";
 	source = remoteGitLab {
 		domain = "gitlab.freedesktop.org";
 		suffix = "mesa/libdrm";
 		ref = "libdrm-"+version;
-		checksum = "bfj296NcR9DndO11hqDbSRFPqaweSLMqRk3dlCPZpM6FONX1WZ9J4JdbTDMUd1rU";
+		checksum = "L81a0vjK3RBWDwLHPkyTvy-us37ICD_hD2GcIb5s8Lx_OhVWxqdElzeMCgzQ4yiK";
 	};
 
 	exec = meson {

internal/rosa/package/libevdev.az

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package libevdev {
+	description = "wrapper library for evdev devices";
+	website = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/libevdev";
+	anitya = 20540;
+
+	version# = "1.13.6";
+	source = remoteGitLab {
+		domain = "gitlab.freedesktop.org";
+		suffix = "libevdev/libevdev";
+		ref = "libevdev-"+version;
+		checksum = "HJbLafbpqPaKvQitt0t484DiHPeg3t_CNv-45MluNUT66vYIdF7FSfrK0vSpUCdi";
+	};
+
+	exec = meson {
+		setup = {
+			"Ddocumentation": "disabled";
+		};
+	};
+
+	inputs = [
+		check,
+		bash,
+
+		kernel-headers,
+	];
+}

internal/rosa/package/libinput.az

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package libinput {
+	description = "input device management and event handling library";
+	website = "https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/libinput";
+	anitya = 5781;
+
+	version# = "1.31.3";
+	source = remoteGitLab {
+		domain = "gitlab.freedesktop.org";
+		suffix = "libinput/libinput";
+		ref = version;
+		checksum = "GxBGPN6YybQxrD2MDsIL8gdDYImXn4NAJi6EvTx_Hb_1jcbjwCrjeyjY2upUyTMi";
+	};
+
+	early = "ln -sf ../system/bin/bash /bin/\n";
+
+	exec = meson {
+		setup = {
+			"Dmtdev": "false";
+			"Dlibwacom": "false";
+			"Ddebug-gui": "false";
+		};
+	};
+
+	inputs = [
+		bash,
+		diffutils,
+		python-pytest,
+
+		libudev-zero,
+		libevdev,
+		kernel-headers,
+	];
+
+	runtime = [
+		libudev-zero,
+		libevdev,
+	];
+}

internal/rosa/package/libliftoff.az

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package libliftoff {
+	description = "lightweight KMS plane library";
+	website = "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/emersion/libliftoff";
+	anitya = 236274;
+
+	version# = "0.5.0";
+	source = remoteGitLab {
+		domain = "gitlab.freedesktop.org";
+		suffix = "emersion/libliftoff";
+		ref = "v"+version;
+		checksum = "anxKfrW56iK7l6-bm6RGcaC_uk-Kc8x3_VqKaywmSjv5HLCs6A2sHyjGUbOC9xZv";
+	};
+
+	exec = meson {};
+
+	inputs = [
+		libdrm,
+		kernel-headers,
+	];
+}

internal/rosa/package/libudev-zero.az

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package libudev-zero {
+	description = "daemonless replacement for libudev";
+	website = "https://github.com/illiliti/libudev-zero";
+	anitya = 145201;
+
+	version# = "1.0.4";
+	source = remoteGitHub {
+		suffix = "illiliti/libudev-zero";
+		tag = version;
+		checksum = "MHETnJwIdXc62qvE1Ya9xb2Shb53gWxdXzr8FVCFEacXF1rc01yE9guP3eXlKhYw";
+	};
+
+	env = [ "CC=cc" ];
+	enterSource = true;
+	writable = true;
+
+	exec = make {
+		inPlace = true;
+		skipConfigure = true;
+		skipCheck = true;
+
+		make = [ "PREFIX=/system" ];
+		install = "make DESTDIR=/work PREFIX=/system install";
+	};
+
+	inputs = [ kernel-headers ];
+}

internal/rosa/package/mesa.az

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ package mesa {
 	anitya = 1970;
 	latest = anityaFallback;
 
-	version# = "26.1.1";
+	version# = "26.1.2";
 	source = remoteGitLab {
 		domain = "gitlab.freedesktop.org";
 		suffix = "mesa/mesa";
 		ref = "mesa-"+version;
-		checksum = "OFCxGSTBe7qbnbVdazIJBNMFaQ-ylD5aRzo-JstSAdA0-hvVdRwsZiovMBm2rMzp";
+		checksum = "EcY_vsm4rjUzVj7jQraWb9i3y0I2F0oH3Tav01QszQMxNzjLbSWHrQYR1mPRU-J4";
 	};
 
 	exec = meson {
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package mesa {
 
 			"Dglvnd": "enabled";
 			"Dgbm": "enabled";
+			"Degl": "enabled";
 
 			"Dgallium-drivers": join {
 				elems = [
@@ -123,6 +124,7 @@ package mesa {
 	];
 
 	runtime = [
+		llvm,
 		libdrm,
 		elfutils,
 		lm_sensors,

internal/rosa/package/ninja.az

@@ -24,7 +24,10 @@ python3 /usr/src/ninja/configure.py \
 	--gtest-source-dir=/usr/src/extra/googletest
 ./ninja ` + jobsFlagE + ` all`;
 
-		check = "\n./ninja_test";
+		check = `
+chmod +w /bin/
+ln -s ../system/bin/echo /bin/
+./ninja_test`;
 
 		install = `
 mkdir -p /work/system/bin/

internal/rosa/package/nss.az

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ package nss {
 	website = "https://firefox-source-docs.mozilla.org/security/nss/index.html";
 	anitya = 2503;
 
-	version# = "3.124";
+	version# = "3.125";
 	source = remoteGitHub {
 		suffix = "nss-dev/nss";
 		tag = "NSS_"+join {
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ package nss {
 			};
 			sep = "_";
 		}+"_RTM";
-		checksum = "p_TFOmKxMVV-ZHRY0QwzEReUOxSRjEExpWIuoA3Bzxj50uNCS8EgqfzcpaiGAkr6";
+		checksum = "E4V_yPX6kh5I1xTfRLU01v_uNctjj8eFTyKQBGPSsqsArMPQhJd8rgIQT7YqTK9L";
 	};
 	extra = [ nspr ];
 

internal/rosa/package/openssl.az

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ package openssl {
 	// strange malformed tags treated as pre-releases in Anitya
 	latest = anityaFallback;
 
+	block = "python";
+
 	version# = "3.6.2";
 	source = remoteGitHubRelease {
 		suffix = "openssl/openssl";

internal/rosa/package/python/package.az

@@ -48,7 +48,9 @@ package python {
 	];
 
 	exec = make {
+		configure = { "enable-optimizations"; };
 		check = [ "test" ];
+		postInstall = "ln -s python3 /work/system/bin/python";
 	};
 
 	inputs = [
@@ -59,6 +61,8 @@ package python {
 
 		pkg-config,
 		xz,
+
+		kernel-headers,
 	];
 
 	runtime = [
@@ -252,11 +256,11 @@ package python-trove-classifiers {
 	website = "https://pypi.org/p/trove-classifiers";
 	anitya = 88298;
 
-	version# = "2026.5.22.10";
+	version# = "2026.6.1.19";
 	source = remoteGitHub {
 		suffix = "pypa/trove-classifiers";
 		tag = version;
-		checksum = "PgFh58qkPCee5SIN62a_8s5kYRrydXODZEqeSgMJItiLrT5kaz8senRGn5B1Hv56";
+		checksum = "zdDI6XTfzuFnlhdhilnhplItbLhZ9f2_vSHZP8u5Zvhu5_rhTB73SFEzxT5gb1bO";
 	};
 
 	exec = pip {
@@ -298,11 +302,11 @@ package python-hatchling {
 	website = "https://hatch.pypa.io";
 	anitya = 16137;
 
-	version# = "1.16.5";
+	version# = "1.17.0";
 	source = remoteGitHub {
 		suffix = "pypa/hatch";
 		tag = "hatch-v"+version;
-		checksum = "V2eREtqZLZeV85yb4O-bfAJCUluHcQP76Qfs0QH5s7RF_Oc8xIP8jD0jl85qFyWk";
+		checksum = "fK85G542FXEXTP1QZNVhhfp8_Y8f9u1DAyeeFO3PWyv3JLTCPdPl9WTz8Ov6tfYp";
 	};
 
 	exec = pip {
@@ -378,11 +382,11 @@ package python-pytest {
 	website = "https://pytest.org";
 	anitya = 3765;
 
-	version# = "9.0.3";
+	version# = "9.1.0";
 	source = remoteGitHub {
 		suffix = "pytest-dev/pytest";
 		tag = version;
-		checksum = "qfLL_znWhbJCDbNJvrx9H3-orJ86z4ifhaW0bIn21jl2sDP-FVoX_1yieOypArQe";
+		checksum = "UNd_5ArXTfdGROVW5a0Z22FE4uOLfCMW4NeAnAp9SKHLGja9Db2Xc3BF48x7Hr_l";
 	};
 
 	env = [

internal/rosa/package/qemu/package.az

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ package qemu {
 	website = "https://www.qemu.org";
 	anitya = 13607;
 
-	version# = "11.0.0";
+	version# = "11.0.1";
 	source = remoteTar {
 		url = "https://download.qemu.org/qemu-"+version+".tar.bz2";
-		checksum = "C64gdi_Tkdg2fTwD9ERxtWGcf8vNn_6UvczW0c-x0KW1NZtd3NbEOIrlDhYGn15n";
+		checksum = "J3j3uNpiqxEoIEngBX2objV_1tzGfEgEphp5Ph86AJQvA_XMwYUakyvRH7YKEkwV";
 		compress = bzip2;
 	};
 	patches = [ "disable-mcast-test.patch" ];

internal/rosa/package/rsync.az

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@ package rsync {
 	description = "an open source utility that provides fast incremental file transfer";
 	website = "https://rsync.samba.org";
 	anitya = 4217;
+	block = "kernel-headers circular dependency";
 
-	version# = "3.4.2";
+	version# = "3.4.1";
 	source = remoteTar {
 		url = "https://download.samba.org/pub/rsync/src/"+
 			"rsync-"+version+".tar.gz";
-		checksum = "t7PxS4WHXzefLMKKc_3hJgxUmlGG6KgHMZ8i4DZvCQAUAizxbclNKwfLyOHyq5BX";
+		checksum = "VBlTsBWd9z3r2-ex7GkWeWxkUc5OrlgDzikAC0pK7ufTjAJ0MbmC_N04oSVTGPiv";
 		compress = gzip;
 	};
 

internal/rosa/package/seatd.az

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package seatd {
+	description = "seat management daemon and library";
+	website = "https://sr.ht/~kennylevinsen/seatd";
+	anitya = 234932;
+
+	version# = "0.9.3";
+	source = remoteTar {
+		url = "https://git.sr.ht/~kennylevinsen/seatd/archive/"+version+".tar.gz";
+		checksum = "nKib7dZgUPJFr1EOF0OYElhzpFdgFPJiroAb3TScAJIAlr4p2NV1ZdS6erNA7Jwi";
+		compress = gzip;
+	};
+
+	env = [
+		// ../../usr/src/seatd/common/connection.c:154:55
+		"CFLAGS=-Wno-sign-compare",
+	];
+
+	exec = meson {
+		setup = {
+			"Dlibseat-logind": "disabled";
+			"Dlibseat-seatd": "enabled";
+			"Dlibseat-builtin": "enabled";
+		};
+	};
+
+	inputs = [ kernel-headers ];
+}

internal/rosa/package/spirv.az

@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ package spirv-llvm-translator {
 		tag = "v"+version;
 		checksum = "JZAaV5ewYcm-35YA_U2BM2IcsQouZtX1BLZR0zh2vSlfEXMsT5OCtY4Gh5RJkcGy";
 	};
-	patches = [ "remove-early-prefix.patch" ];
 
 	// litArgs emits shell syntax
 	early = "\nexport LIT_OPTS=" + litArgs {

internal/rosa/package/spirv/remove-early-prefix.patch

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
-index c000a77e..f18f3fde 100644
---- a/CMakeLists.txt
-+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
-@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ install(
-     ${LLVM_SPIRV_INCLUDE_DIRS}/LLVMSPIRVOpts.h
-     ${LLVM_SPIRV_INCLUDE_DIRS}/LLVMSPIRVExtensions.inc
-   DESTINATION
--    ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/include/LLVMSPIRVLib
-+    include/LLVMSPIRVLib
- )
- 
- configure_file(LLVMSPIRVLib.pc.in ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/LLVMSPIRVLib.pc @ONLY)
-@@ -172,5 +172,5 @@ install(
-   FILES
-     ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/LLVMSPIRVLib.pc
-   DESTINATION
--    ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib${LLVM_LIBDIR_SUFFIX}/pkgconfig
-+    lib${LLVM_LIBDIR_SUFFIX}/pkgconfig
- )
-;

internal/rosa/package/strace.az

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ package strace {
 	website = "https://strace.io";
 	anitya = 4897;
 
-	version# = "6.19";
+	version# = "7.1";
 	source = remoteFile {
 		url = "https://strace.io/files/"+version+"/strace-"+version+".tar.xz";
-		checksum = "XJFJJ9XLh_1rHS3m_QNjLKzkkBAooE-QT9p9lJNNWowAmd54IJop_fI4-IFtjeeL";
+		checksum = "PR-JLYgVLyzRqRCFi2yvfip_LRP_Cksd04d7H2oAx820qt_H-vj7rbW5xyzdMTat";
 	};
 
 	early = `

internal/rosa/package/sway.az

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package sway {
+	description = "i3-compatible Wayland compositor";
+	website = "https://swaywm.org";
+	anitya = 11497;
+
+	version# = "1.12";
+	source = remoteGitHub {
+		suffix = "swaywm/sway";
+		tag = version;
+		checksum = "g3WLHgFJBsl8u1sSmkjDIJY9KlIWe-e2JXthxMcLM9z0kYmWPJCAzJ_mb20ODMaD";
+	};
+
+	exec = meson {};
+
+	inputs = [
+		json-c,
+		pcre2,
+		pango,
+		libinput,
+		wlroots,
+		kernel-headers,
+	];
+
+	runtime = [
+		json-c,
+		pcre2,
+		pango,
+		libinput,
+		wlroots,
+	];
+}

internal/rosa/package/tamago.az

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ package tamago {
 	website = "https://github.com/usbarmory/tamago-go";
 	anitya = 388872;
 
-	version# = "1.26.3";
+	version# = "1.26.4";
 	source = remoteGitHub {
 		suffix = "usbarmory/tamago-go";
 		tag = "tamago-go"+version;
-		checksum = "-nH3MjAzDDLTeJ2hRKYJcJwo5-Ikci4zOHfB8j1vKn7zrF9TS6zYaoLi8qohGwAE";
+		checksum = "3-VmJ2mRLQnJtbcXny2unpc7RMNzvVxajirl_M4o-JP7_oRrWOFuaJqUfE-yrZL-";
 	};
 
 	env = [