cmd/mbf: integrate pkgserver into command info

Signed-off-by: Ophestra <cat@gensokyo.uk>

.gitattributes

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-*.az linguist-language=Azalea

.gitea/workflows/release.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Build for release
-        run: nix build --print-out-paths --print-build-logs ./test#dist
+        run: nix build --print-out-paths --print-build-logs .#dist
 
       - name: Release
         uses: https://gitea.com/actions/release-action@main

.gitea/workflows/test.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Run NixOS test
-        run: nix build --out-link "result" --print-out-paths --print-build-logs ./test#checks.x86_64-linux.hakurei
+        run: nix build --out-link "result" --print-out-paths --print-build-logs .#checks.x86_64-linux.hakurei
 
       - name: Upload test output
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Run NixOS test
-        run: nix build --out-link "result" --print-out-paths --print-build-logs ./test#checks.x86_64-linux.race
+        run: nix build --out-link "result" --print-out-paths --print-build-logs .#checks.x86_64-linux.race
 
       - name: Upload test output
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Run NixOS test
-        run: nix build --out-link "result" --print-out-paths --print-build-logs ./test#checks.x86_64-linux.sandbox
+        run: nix build --out-link "result" --print-out-paths --print-build-logs .#checks.x86_64-linux.sandbox
 
       - name: Upload test output
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Run NixOS test
-        run: nix build --out-link "result" --print-out-paths --print-build-logs ./test#checks.x86_64-linux.sandbox-race
+        run: nix build --out-link "result" --print-out-paths --print-build-logs .#checks.x86_64-linux.sandbox-race
 
       - name: Upload test output
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Run NixOS test
-        run: nix build --out-link "result" --print-out-paths --print-build-logs ./test#checks.x86_64-linux.sharefs
+        run: nix build --out-link "result" --print-out-paths --print-build-logs .#checks.x86_64-linux.sharefs
 
       - name: Upload test output
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Run checks
-        run: nix --print-build-logs --experimental-features 'nix-command flakes' flake check ./test
+        run: nix --print-build-logs --experimental-features 'nix-command flakes' flake check
 
   dist:
     name: Create distribution
@@ -116,9 +116,9 @@ jobs:
         id: build-test
         run: >-
           export HAKUREI_REV="$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)" &&
-          sed -i.old 's/version = /version = "0.0.0-'$HAKUREI_REV'"; # version = /' test/package.nix &&
+          sed -i.old 's/version = /version = "0.0.0-'$HAKUREI_REV'"; # version = /' package.nix &&
-          nix build --print-out-paths --print-build-logs ./test#dist &&
+          nix build --print-out-paths --print-build-logs .#dist &&
-          mv test/{package.nix.old,package.nix} &&
+          mv package.nix.old package.nix &&
           echo "rev=$HAKUREI_REV" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
       - name: Upload test build

.gitignore

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # produced by tools and text editors
-*.swp
 *.qcow2
 *.test
 *.out
@@ -9,11 +8,8 @@
 # go generate
 /cmd/hakurei/LICENSE
 /cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/static
-/internal/pkg/internal/testtool/testtool
+/internal/pkg/testdata/testtool
 /internal/rosa/hakurei_current.tar.gz
 
 # cmd/dist default destination
 /dist
-
-# local packages
-/internal/rosa/package/local

README.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   <a href="https://git.gensokyo.uk/rosa/hakurei/actions"><img src="https://git.gensokyo.uk/rosa/hakurei/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg?branch=staging&style=flat-square" alt="Gitea Workflow Status" /></a>
   <br/>
   <a href="https://git.gensokyo.uk/rosa/hakurei/releases"><img src="https://img.shields.io/gitea/v/release/rosa/hakurei?gitea_url=https%3A%2F%2Fgit.gensokyo.uk&color=purple" alt="Release" /></a>
-  <a href="https://git.gensokyo.uk/rosa/hakurei/src/branch/master/LICENSE"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-pink" alt="MIT License" /></a>
+  <a href="https://goreportcard.com/report/hakurei.app"><img src="https://goreportcard.com/badge/hakurei.app" alt="Go Report Card" /></a>
   <a href="https://hakurei.app"><img src="https://img.shields.io/website?url=https%3A%2F%2Fhakurei.app" alt="Website" /></a>
 </p>
 
@@ -58,3 +58,8 @@ package [internal/rosa](https://pkg.go.dev/hakurei.app/internal/rosa).
 
 New dependencies will generally not be added. Patches adding new dependencies
 are very likely to be rejected.
+
+## NixOS Module (deprecated)
+
+The NixOS module is in maintenance mode and will be removed once planterette is
+feature-complete. Full module documentation can be found [here](options.md).

all.sh

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh -e
 
-HAKUREI_DIST_MAKE='' exec "$(dirname -- "$0")/cmd/dist/dist.sh"
+TOOLCHAIN_VERSION="$(go version)"
+cd "$(dirname -- "$0")/"
+echo "# Building cmd/dist using ${TOOLCHAIN_VERSION}."
+go run -v --tags=dist ./cmd/dist

check/absolute.go

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ func (e AbsoluteError) Error() string {
 }
 
 func (e AbsoluteError) Is(target error) bool {
-	ce, ok := errors.AsType[AbsoluteError](target)
+	var ce AbsoluteError
-	if !ok {
+	if !errors.As(target, &ce) {
 		return errors.Is(target, syscall.EINVAL)
 	}
 	return e == ce
@@ -31,8 +31,6 @@ func (e AbsoluteError) Is(target error) bool {
 type Absolute struct{ pathname unique.Handle[string] }
 
 var (
-	_ fmt.GoStringer = new(Absolute)
-
 	_ encoding.TextAppender    = new(Absolute)
 	_ encoding.TextMarshaler   = new(Absolute)
 	_ encoding.TextUnmarshaler = new(Absolute)
@@ -42,10 +40,6 @@ var (
 	_ encoding.BinaryUnmarshaler = new(Absolute)
 )
 
-func (a *Absolute) GoString() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("check.MustAbs(%q)", a.String())
-}
-
 // ok returns whether [Absolute] is not the zero value.
 func (a *Absolute) ok() bool { return a != nil && *a != (Absolute{}) }
 

check/overlay.go

@@ -4,23 +4,15 @@ import "strings"
 
 const (
 	// SpecialOverlayEscape is the escape string for overlay mount options.
-	//
-	// Deprecated: This is no longer used and will be removed in 0.5.
 	SpecialOverlayEscape = `\`
 	// SpecialOverlayOption is the separator string between overlay mount options.
-	//
-	// Deprecated: This is no longer used and will be removed in 0.5.
 	SpecialOverlayOption = ","
 	// SpecialOverlayPath is the separator string between overlay paths.
-	//
-	// Deprecated: This is no longer used and will be removed in 0.5.
 	SpecialOverlayPath = ":"
 )
 
 // EscapeOverlayDataSegment escapes a string for formatting into the data
 // argument of an overlay mount system call.
-//
-// Deprecated: This is no longer used and will be removed in 0.5.
 func EscapeOverlayDataSegment(s string) string {
 	if s == "" {
 		return ""

cmd/app/app.go

@@ -1,354 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-
-	"hakurei.app/check"
-	"hakurei.app/ext"
-	"hakurei.app/fhs"
-	"hakurei.app/hst"
-)
-
-// parsePair parses a NUL-delimited quoted paths pair.
-func parsePair(s string) (source, target *check.Absolute, err error) {
-	var p string
-	if p, err = strconv.Unquote(s); err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	_source, _target, ok := strings.Cut(p, "\x00")
-	if source, err = check.NewAbs(_source); err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	if !ok {
-		return
-	}
-	target, err = check.NewAbs(_target)
-	return
-}
-
-// parse decodes a high-level configuration stream and returns its
-// corresponding [hst.Config].
-func parse(
-	id string,
-	base *check.Absolute,
-	r io.Reader,
-	templateP *string,
-) (*hst.Config, error) {
-	shell := fhs.AbsRoot.Append("bin", "zsh")
-	home := hst.AbsPrivateTmp.Append("home")
-
-	root := hst.FSOverlay{
-		Target: fhs.AbsRoot,
-		Lower:  []*check.Absolute{base.Append("initial")},
-	}
-	c := hst.Config{
-		ID:          id,
-		Enablements: new(hst.Enablements),
-
-		SessionBus: &hst.BusConfig{
-			Own: []string{
-				id + ".*",
-				"org.mpris.MediaPlayer2." + id + ".*",
-			},
-			Filter: true,
-		},
-		SystemBus: &hst.BusConfig{Filter: true},
-
-		Container: &hst.ContainerConfig{
-			Env: make(map[string]string),
-			Filesystem: []hst.FilesystemConfigJSON{
-				{FilesystemConfig: &root},
-				{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
-					Target: home,
-					Source: base.Append("state", id),
-					Write:  true,
-					Ensure: true,
-				}},
-
-				{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSEphemeral{
-					Target: fhs.AbsVar.Append("tmp"),
-					Write:  true,
-					Perm:   01777,
-				}},
-			},
-
-			Username: "chronos",
-			Shell:    shell,
-			Home:     home,
-			Path:     shell,
-			Args:     []string{"zsh", "-c"},
-
-			Flags: hst.FCoverRun,
-		},
-	}
-
-	s := bufio.NewScanner(r)
-	scanOnce := func() error {
-		if s.Scan() {
-			return nil
-		}
-		if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-	}
-
-	if err := scanOnce(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if template, identity, ok := strings.Cut(s.Text(), ":"); !ok {
-		return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-	} else if v, err := strconv.Atoi(identity); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	} else {
-		if templateP != nil {
-			*templateP = template
-		}
-		c.Identity = v
-		root.Upper = base.Append("template", template)
-	}
-
-	if err := scanOnce(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	c.Container.Args = append(c.Container.Args, s.Text(), "")
-
-	var flagInteractive, flagGPU, flagSystemBus bool
-	flags := map[string]*bool{
-		"interactive": &flagInteractive,
-		"gpu":         &flagGPU,
-		"system_bus":  &flagSystemBus,
-	}
-
-	for s.Scan() {
-		key, value, ok := strings.Cut(s.Text(), " ")
-		if key != "" && key[0] == ';' {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if !ok {
-			if key == "" {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			var p *bool
-			if p, ok = flags[key]; ok {
-				*p = true
-				continue
-			}
-
-			switch key {
-			case "wayland":
-				*c.Enablements |= hst.EWayland
-			case "x11":
-				*c.Enablements |= hst.EX11
-			case "dbus":
-				*c.Enablements |= hst.EDBus
-			case "pipewire":
-				*c.Enablements |= hst.EPipeWire
-
-			case "multiarch":
-				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FMultiarch
-			case "devel":
-				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FDevel
-			case "userns":
-				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FUserns
-			case "net":
-				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FHostNet
-			case "abstract":
-				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FHostAbstract
-			case "tty":
-				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FTty
-			case "mapuid":
-				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FMapRealUID
-			case "device":
-				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FDevice
-
-			case "share_runtime":
-				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FShareRuntime
-			case "share_tmpdir":
-				c.Container.Flags |= hst.FShareTmpdir
-
-			default:
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid flag %q", key)
-			}
-
-			continue
-		}
-
-		switch key {
-		case "username":
-			c.Container.Username = value
-			continue
-
-		case "hostname":
-			c.Container.Hostname = value
-			continue
-
-		case "group":
-			c.Groups = append(c.Groups, value)
-			continue
-
-		case "sched_policy":
-			if err := c.SchedPolicy.UnmarshalText([]byte(value)); err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			continue
-
-		case "sched_priority":
-			v, err := strconv.Atoi(value)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			c.SchedPriority = ext.Int(v)
-			continue
-
-		case "insecure":
-			switch value {
-			case "pipewire":
-				*c.Enablements |= hst.EPipeWire
-				c.DirectPipeWire = true
-				continue
-
-			default:
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid insecure flag %q", value)
-			}
-
-		case "env":
-			if key, value, ok = strings.Cut(value, "="); !ok {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid environment %q", key)
-			}
-			c.Container.Env[key] = value
-			continue
-
-		case "ro":
-			source, target, err := parsePair(value)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			c.Container.Filesystem = append(c.Container.Filesystem,
-				hst.FilesystemConfigJSON{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
-					Target: target,
-					Source: source,
-				}},
-			)
-			continue
-
-		case "ro+":
-			source, target, err := parsePair(value)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			c.Container.Filesystem = append(c.Container.Filesystem,
-				hst.FilesystemConfigJSON{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
-					Target:   target,
-					Source:   source,
-					Optional: true,
-				}},
-			)
-			continue
-
-		case "rw":
-			source, target, err := parsePair(value)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			c.Container.Filesystem = append(c.Container.Filesystem,
-				hst.FilesystemConfigJSON{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
-					Target: target,
-					Source: source,
-					Write:  true,
-				}},
-			)
-			continue
-
-		case "dev":
-			source, target, err := parsePair(value)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			c.Container.Filesystem = append(c.Container.Filesystem,
-				hst.FilesystemConfigJSON{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
-					Target: target,
-					Source: source,
-					Device: true,
-				}},
-			)
-			continue
-
-		case "own":
-			c.SessionBus.Own = append(c.SessionBus.Own, value)
-			continue
-		case "own_system":
-			c.SystemBus.Own = append(c.SystemBus.Own, value)
-			continue
-
-		case "talk":
-			c.SessionBus.Talk = append(c.SessionBus.Talk, value)
-			continue
-		case "talk_system":
-			c.SystemBus.Talk = append(c.SystemBus.Talk, value)
-			continue
-
-		default:
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid key %q", key)
-		}
-	}
-	if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if flagInteractive {
-		c.Container.Args[1] += "i"
-	}
-
-	if flagGPU {
-		c.Container.Filesystem = append(c.Container.Filesystem, []hst.FilesystemConfigJSON{
-			{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
-				Source:   fhs.AbsDev.Append("dri"),
-				Device:   true,
-				Optional: true,
-			}},
-		}...)
-	}
-
-	if !flagSystemBus {
-		c.SystemBus = nil
-	}
-
-	if c.Container.Flags&hst.FShareTmpdir == 0 &&
-		(c.Enablements.Unwrap()&hst.EX11 == 0 ||
-			c.Container.Flags&(hst.FHostNet|hst.FHostAbstract) ==
-				hst.FHostNet|hst.FHostAbstract) {
-		c.Container.Filesystem = append(c.Container.Filesystem,
-			hst.FilesystemConfigJSON{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSEphemeral{
-				Target: fhs.AbsTmp,
-				Write:  true,
-				Perm:   01777,
-			}},
-		)
-	}
-
-	return &c, nil
-}
-
-// list prints names of non-hidden entries in pathname.
-func list(pathname *check.Absolute, dir bool) error {
-	dents, err := os.ReadDir(pathname.String())
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	for _, dent := range dents {
-		name := dent.Name()
-		if (dent.IsDir() != dir) || (len(name) > 0 && name[0] == '.') {
-			continue
-		}
-		fmt.Println(dent.Name())
-	}
-	return nil
-}

cmd/app/app_test.go

@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"reflect"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"hakurei.app/check"
-	"hakurei.app/fhs"
-	"hakurei.app/hst"
-)
-
-func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	base := fhs.AbsProc.Append("nonexistent")
-	testCases := []struct {
-		name string
-		data string
-		want *hst.Config
-		err  error
-	}{
-		{"com.discordapp.Discord", `nonfree:8
-exec Discord --ozone-platform-hint=wayland
-
-gpu
-wayland
-dbus
-system_bus
-pipewire
-userns
-net
-mapuid
-
-share_runtime
-share_tmpdir
-
-group media_rw
-env ELECTRON_TRASH=gio
-rw "/sdcard"
-; remove before reusing
-ro "/bin\x00/.hakurei/bin"
-
-talk org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher
-talk com.canonical.AppMenu.Registrar
-talk com.canonical.indicator.application
-talk com.canonical.Unity
-`, &hst.Config{
-			Identity:    8,
-			ID:          "com.discordapp.Discord",
-			Enablements: new(hst.EWayland | hst.EDBus | hst.EPipeWire),
-			Groups:      []string{"media_rw"},
-
-			SessionBus: &hst.BusConfig{
-				Talk: []string{
-					"org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher",
-					"com.canonical.AppMenu.Registrar",
-					"com.canonical.indicator.application",
-					"com.canonical.Unity",
-				},
-				Own: []string{
-					"com.discordapp.Discord.*",
-					"org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.com.discordapp.Discord.*",
-				},
-				Filter: true,
-			},
-			SystemBus: &hst.BusConfig{Filter: true},
-
-			Container: &hst.ContainerConfig{
-				Env: map[string]string{
-					"ELECTRON_TRASH": "gio",
-				},
-				Filesystem: []hst.FilesystemConfigJSON{
-					{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSOverlay{
-						Target: fhs.AbsRoot,
-						Lower: []*check.Absolute{
-							base.Append("initial"),
-						},
-						Upper: base.Append("template", "nonfree"),
-					}},
-					{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
-						Target: hst.AbsPrivateTmp.Append("home"),
-						Source: base.Append("state", "com.discordapp.Discord"),
-						Write:  true,
-						Ensure: true,
-					}},
-
-					{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSEphemeral{
-						Target: fhs.AbsVar.Append("tmp"),
-						Write:  true,
-						Perm:   01777,
-					}},
-
-					{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
-						Source: check.MustAbs("/sdcard"),
-						Write:  true,
-					}},
-					{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
-						Target: check.MustAbs("/.hakurei/bin"),
-						Source: check.MustAbs("/bin"),
-					}},
-
-					{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSBind{
-						Source:   fhs.AbsDev.Append("dri"),
-						Device:   true,
-						Optional: true,
-					}},
-				},
-
-				Username: "chronos",
-				Shell:    fhs.AbsRoot.Append("bin", "zsh"),
-				Home:     hst.AbsPrivateTmp.Append("home"),
-				Path:     fhs.AbsRoot.Append("bin", "zsh"),
-				Args: []string{
-					"zsh", "-c",
-					"exec Discord --ozone-platform-hint=wayland",
-					"",
-				},
-
-				Flags: hst.FCoverRun | hst.FUserns | hst.FHostNet | hst.FMapRealUID |
-					hst.FShareRuntime | hst.FShareTmpdir,
-			},
-		}, nil},
-	}
-	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			got, err := parse(
-				tc.name,
-				base,
-				strings.NewReader(tc.data),
-				nil,
-			)
-
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(err, tc.err) {
-				t.Errorf("parse: error = %v, want %v", err, tc.err)
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				return
-			}
-
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tc.want) {
-				t.Errorf("parse: %#v, want %#v", got, tc.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

cmd/app/lock.go

@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"log"
-	"os"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-
-	"hakurei.app/check"
-	"hakurei.app/fhs"
-	"hakurei.app/hst"
-	"hakurei.app/internal/env"
-	"hakurei.app/internal/lockedfile"
-	"hakurei.app/internal/outcome"
-)
-
-// MutationConflictError describes an active mutable instance.
-type MutationConflictError string
-
-func (e MutationConflictError) Error() string {
-	return "mutable instance active at " + string(e)
-}
-
-// informTemplate guards intention of a template or its derivatives.
-func informTemplate(base *check.Absolute, name string, mutable bool) (func() error, error) {
-	mu := lockedfile.MutexAt(base.Append("lock", name).String())
-	if unlock, err := mu.Lock(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	} else {
-		defer unlock()
-	}
-
-	marker := base.Append("lock", "."+name)
-	if p, err := os.ReadFile(marker.String()); err == nil {
-		if _, err = os.Stat(fhs.AbsProc.Append(string(p)).String()); err == nil {
-			return nil, MutationConflictError(p)
-		} else if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		log.Printf("removing stale marker by %s", string(p))
-		if err = os.Remove(marker.String()); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	} else if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if !mutable {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	var active []hst.ID
-	var sc hst.Paths
-	env.CopyPaths().Copy(&sc, new(outcome.Hsu).MustID(nil))
-	entries, copyError := outcome.NewStore(&sc).All()
-	var s hst.State
-	for eh := range entries {
-		s = hst.State{}
-		if _, err := eh.Load(&s); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		if s.Validate(0) != nil || len(s.Container.Filesystem) < 1 {
-			continue
-		}
-		root, ok := s.Container.Filesystem[0].FilesystemConfig.(*hst.FSOverlay)
-		if !ok || root == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if !root.Target.Is(fhs.AbsRoot) ||
-			len(root.Lower) != 1 ||
-			!root.Lower[0].Is(base.Append("initial")) ||
-			!root.Upper.Is(base.Append("template", name)) ||
-			root.Work != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		active = append(active, s.ID)
-	}
-	if err := copyError(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if len(active) != 0 {
-		var buf strings.Builder
-		buf.WriteString("derivative instances still active:")
-		for _, id := range active {
-			buf.WriteString("\n\t")
-			buf.WriteString(id.String())
-		}
-		return nil, errors.New(buf.String())
-	}
-
-	return func() error { return os.RemoveAll(marker.String()) }, os.WriteFile(
-		marker.String(),
-		[]byte(strconv.Itoa(os.Getpid())),
-		0400,
-	)
-}
-
-// acquireTemplate obtains exclusivity of a template.
-func acquireTemplate(base *check.Absolute, name string) (remove func() error, err error) {
-	return informTemplate(base, name, true)
-}
-
-// enterTemplate checks against exclusivity of a template.
-func enterTemplate(base *check.Absolute, name string) error {
-	_, err := informTemplate(base, name, false)
-	return err
-}

cmd/app/main.go

@@ -1,226 +0,0 @@
-// The app program is a proof-of-concept frontend for cmd/hakurei.
-//
-// This program is not covered by the compatibility promise. The command line
-// interface and configuration syntax may change at any time.
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"io"
-	"log"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"os/signal"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"syscall"
-
-	"hakurei.app/check"
-	"hakurei.app/command"
-	"hakurei.app/fhs"
-	"hakurei.app/hst"
-	"hakurei.app/message"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	log.SetFlags(0)
-	log.SetPrefix("app: ")
-	msg := message.New(log.Default())
-
-	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(),
-		syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGHUP)
-	defer stop()
-
-	var (
-		flagVerbose  bool
-		flagBase     string
-		flagInsecure bool
-
-		base, template, initial *check.Absolute
-	)
-	c := command.New(os.Stderr, log.Printf, "app", func([]string) (err error) {
-		msg.SwapVerbose(flagVerbose)
-		flagBase = os.ExpandEnv(flagBase)
-		if flagBase == "" {
-			flagBase = "state"
-		}
-		if flagBase, err = filepath.Abs(flagBase); err != nil {
-			return
-		} else if base, err = check.NewAbs(flagBase); err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-
-		template = base.Append("template")
-		initial = base.Append("initial")
-		return
-	}).Flag(
-		&flagVerbose,
-		"v", command.BoolFlag(false),
-		"Increase log verbosity",
-	).Flag(
-		&flagBase,
-		"d", command.StringFlag("$ROSA_APP_PATH"),
-		"Configuration and state directory",
-	).Flag(
-		&flagInsecure,
-		"insecure", command.BoolFlag(false),
-		"Allow use of insecure compatibility options",
-	)
-
-	{
-		var (
-			flagShell string
-			flagHome  string
-		)
-		c.NewCommand(
-			"enter", "Enter mutable state template",
-			func(args []string) error {
-				if len(args) != 1 {
-					return list(template, true)
-				}
-
-				config := hst.Config{
-					ID: "app.hakurei.mutable." + args[0],
-					Container: &hst.ContainerConfig{
-						Hostname: args[0] + "-mutable",
-						Filesystem: []hst.FilesystemConfigJSON{
-							{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSOverlay{
-								Target: fhs.AbsRoot,
-								Lower:  []*check.Absolute{initial},
-								Upper:  template.Append(args[0]),
-								Work:   base.Append("work", args[0]),
-							}},
-							{FilesystemConfig: &hst.FSEphemeral{
-								Target: fhs.AbsTmp,
-								Write:  true,
-								Perm:   0755,
-							}},
-						},
-						Username: "chronos",
-						Flags: hst.FNoPlace |
-							hst.FMultiarch |
-							hst.FDevel |
-							hst.FUserns |
-							hst.FHostNet |
-							hst.FTty,
-					},
-				}
-
-				if a, err := check.NewAbs(flagShell); err != nil {
-					return err
-				} else {
-					config.Container.Shell = a
-					config.Container.Path = a
-					config.Container.Args = []string{
-						"-" + filepath.Base(flagShell),
-					}
-				}
-
-				if a, err := check.NewAbs(flagHome); err != nil {
-					return err
-				} else {
-					config.Container.Home = a
-				}
-
-				remove, err := acquireTemplate(base, args[0])
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				err = run(ctx, msg, false, &config)
-				return errors.Join(err, remove())
-			},
-		).Flag(
-			&flagShell,
-			"shell", command.StringFlag("/bin/zsh"),
-			"Shell program within container",
-		).Flag(
-			&flagHome,
-			"home", command.StringFlag("/home/chronos"),
-			"Home directory within container",
-		)
-	}
-
-	{
-		var (
-			flagCommand string
-		)
-		c.NewCommand(
-			"run", "Start the named application",
-			func(args []string) error {
-				if len(args) < 1 {
-					return list(base.Append("app"), false)
-				}
-
-				var config *hst.Config
-				var r io.Reader
-				f, err := os.Open(base.Append("app", args[0]).String())
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				r = f
-
-				var common *os.File
-				if common, err = os.Open(base.Append("common").String()); err != nil {
-					if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-						_ = f.Close()
-						return err
-					}
-				} else {
-					r = io.MultiReader(f, common)
-				}
-
-				var name string
-				config, err = parse(args[0], base, r, &name)
-				if closeErr := f.Close(); err == nil {
-					err = closeErr
-				}
-				if common != nil {
-					if closeErr := common.Close(); err == nil {
-						err = closeErr
-					}
-				}
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-
-				if flagCommand != "" {
-					config.Container.Args[2] = flagCommand
-				}
-
-				if err = enterTemplate(base, name); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				return run(ctx, msg, flagInsecure, config, args[1:]...)
-			},
-		).
-			Flag(
-				&flagCommand,
-				"command", command.StringFlag(""),
-				"Override configured command",
-			)
-	}
-
-	c.MustParse(os.Args[1:], func(err error) {
-		if e, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](err); ok && e != nil {
-			os.Exit(e.ExitCode())
-		}
-
-		if w, ok := err.(interface{ Unwrap() []error }); !ok {
-			var m string
-			m, ok = message.GetMessage(err)
-			if !ok {
-				log.Fatal(err)
-				return
-			}
-			log.Fatal(m)
-		} else {
-			errs := w.Unwrap()
-			for i, e := range errs {
-				if i == len(errs)-1 {
-					log.Fatal(e)
-				}
-				log.Println(e)
-			}
-		}
-	})
-}

cmd/app/run.go

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"syscall"
-
-	"hakurei.app/hst"
-	"hakurei.app/message"
-)
-
-// run starts a container via cmd/hakurei and returns after it terminates.
-func run(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	msg message.Msg,
-	insecure bool,
-	config *hst.Config,
-	args ...string,
-) error {
-	c, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(c, "hakurei")
-	cmd.Stdin, cmd.Stdout, cmd.Stderr = os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr
-	cmd.Cancel = func() error {
-		return cmd.Process.Signal(syscall.SIGINT)
-	}
-	if msg.IsVerbose() {
-		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "-v")
-	}
-	if insecure {
-		cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "--insecure")
-	}
-	cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, "run", "3")
-	cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, args...)
-
-	r, w, err := os.Pipe()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	cmd.ExtraFiles = append(cmd.ExtraFiles, r)
-
-	if err = cmd.Start(); err != nil {
-		_, _ = r.Close(), w.Close()
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err = r.Close(); err != nil {
-		_ = w.Close()
-		return err
-	} else if err = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(&config); err != nil {
-		_ = w.Close()
-		return err
-	} else if err = w.Close(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return cmd.Wait()
-}

cmd/dist/VERSION

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-v0.4.6

cmd/dist/dist.sh

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh -e
-
-TOOLCHAIN_VERSION="$(go version)"
-cd "$(dirname -- "$0")/../.."
-echo "Building cmd/dist using ${TOOLCHAIN_VERSION}."
-FLAGS=''
-if test -n "$VERBOSE"; then
-    FLAGS="$FLAGS -v"
-fi
-go run $FLAGS --tags=dist ./cmd/dist

cmd/dist/main.go

@@ -18,13 +18,8 @@ import (
 	"os/signal"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
-	"strings"
 )
 
-//go:generate sh -c "git describe --tags > VERSION"
-//go:embed VERSION
-var version string
-
 // getenv looks up an environment variable, and returns fallback if it is unset.
 func getenv(key, fallback string) string {
 	if v, ok := os.LookupEnv(key); ok {
@@ -35,11 +30,8 @@ func getenv(key, fallback string) string {
 
 // mustRun runs a command with the current process's environment and panics
 // on error or non-zero exit code.
-func mustRun(ctx context.Context, env []string, name string, arg ...string) {
+func mustRun(ctx context.Context, name string, arg ...string) {
 	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, name, arg...)
-	if env != nil {
-		cmd.Env = append(cmd.Environ(), env...)
-	}
 	cmd.Stdin, cmd.Stdout, cmd.Stderr = os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr
 	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
 		panic(err)
@@ -50,20 +42,14 @@ func mustRun(ctx context.Context, env []string, name string, arg ...string) {
 var comp []byte
 
 func main() {
+	fmt.Println()
 	log.SetFlags(0)
-	log.SetPrefix("")
+	log.SetPrefix("# ")
-	log.SetOutput(os.Stdout)
 
-	verbose := os.Getenv("VERBOSE") != ""
+	version := getenv("HAKUREI_VERSION", "untagged")
-	runTests := os.Getenv("HAKUREI_DIST_MAKE") == ""
+	prefix := getenv("PREFIX", "/usr")
-	version = getenv("HAKUREI_VERSION", strings.TrimSpace(version))
-	prefix := getenv("PREFIX", "/usr/local")
 	destdir := getenv("DESTDIR", "dist")
 
-	if verbose {
-		log.Println()
-	}
-
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(destdir, 0755); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -90,49 +76,31 @@ func main() {
 	ctx, cancel := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), os.Interrupt)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	verboseFlag := "-v"
+	log.Println("Building hakurei.")
-	if !verbose {
+	mustRun(ctx, "go", "generate", "./...")
-		verboseFlag = "-buildvcs=false"
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("Building hakurei %s for %s/%s.", version, runtime.GOOS, runtime.GOARCH)
-	mustRun(ctx, nil, "go", "generate", "./...")
 	mustRun(
-		ctx, nil, "go", "build",
+		ctx, "go", "build",
 		"-trimpath",
-		verboseFlag, "-o", s,
+		"-v", "-o", s,
 		"-ldflags=-s -w "+
 			"-buildid= -linkmode external -extldflags=-static "+
 			"-X hakurei.app/internal/info.buildVersion="+version+" "+
 			"-X hakurei.app/internal/info.hakureiPath="+prefix+"/bin/hakurei "+
-			"-X hakurei.app/internal/info.hsuPath="+prefix+"/bin/hsu",
+			"-X hakurei.app/internal/info.hsuPath="+prefix+"/bin/hsu "+
-		"./cmd/hakurei",
-		"./cmd/sharefs",
-	)
-
-	log.Printf("Building cmd/hsu for %s/%s.", runtime.GOOS, runtime.GOARCH)
-	mustRun(
-		ctx, []string{"CGO_ENABLED=0"}, "go", "build",
-		"-trimpath",
-		verboseFlag, "-o", s,
-		"-ldflags=-s -w "+
-			"-buildid= "+
 			"-X main.hakureiPath="+prefix+"/bin/hakurei",
-		"./cmd/hsu",
+		"./...",
 	)
+	fmt.Println()
 
-	log.Println()
+	log.Println("Testing Hakurei.")
-	if runTests {
+	mustRun(
-		log.Println("##### Testing Hakurei.")
+		ctx, "go", "test",
-		mustRun(
+		"-ldflags=-buildid= -linkmode external -extldflags=-static",
-			ctx, nil, "go", "test",
+		"./...",
-			"-ldflags=-buildid= -linkmode external -extldflags=-static",
+	)
-			"./...",
+	fmt.Println()
-		)
-		log.Println()
-	}
 
-	log.Println("##### Creating distribution.")
+	log.Println("Creating distribution.")
 	const suffix = ".tar.gz"
 	distName := "hakurei-" + version + "-" + runtime.GOARCH
 	var f *os.File
@@ -153,7 +121,7 @@ func main() {
 	}()
 
 	h := sha512.New()
-	gw, _ := gzip.NewWriterLevel(io.MultiWriter(f, h), gzip.BestCompression)
+	gw := gzip.NewWriter(io.MultiWriter(f, h))
 	tw := tar.NewWriter(gw)
 
 	mustWriteHeader := func(name string, size int64, mode os.FileMode) {
@@ -217,7 +185,7 @@ func main() {
 	mustWriteFile("comp/", nil, os.ModeDir|0755)
 	mustWriteFile("comp/_hakurei", comp, 0644)
 	mustWriteFile("install.sh", []byte(`#!/bin/sh -e
-cd "$(dirname -- "$0")"
+cd "$(dirname -- "$0")" || exit 1
 
 install -vDm0755 "bin/hakurei" "${DESTDIR}`+prefix+`/bin/hakurei"
 install -vDm0755 "bin/sharefs" "${DESTDIR}`+prefix+`/bin/sharefs"
@@ -230,7 +198,7 @@ fi
 install -vDm0644 "comp/_hakurei" "${DESTDIR}`+prefix+`/share/zsh/site-functions/_hakurei"
 `), 0755)
 
-	mustWriteFromPath("LICENSE", "LICENSE", 0)
+	mustWriteFromPath("README.md", "README.md", 0)
 	mustWriteFile("hsurc.default", []byte("1000 0"), 0400)
 	mustWriteFromPath("bin/hsu", filepath.Join(s, "hsu"), 04511)
 	for _, name := range []string{

cmd/earlyinit/main.go

@@ -5,93 +5,17 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"context"
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"io"
 	"log"
 	"os"
-	"os/signal"
 	"runtime"
-	"runtime/pprof"
-	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	. "syscall"
-
-	"hakurei.app/internal/kobject"
-	"hakurei.app/internal/report"
-	"hakurei.app/internal/uevent"
-	"hakurei.app/message"
-)
-
-var r report.Reporter
-
-func init() {
-	log.SetFlags(0)
-	log.SetPrefix("earlyinit: ")
-	r.SetOutput(log.Default())
-
-	// this handles SIGQUIT to provide useful debugging information without
-	// terminating, and prevents the runtime from throwing on the must family
-	// of early error reporting functions, DO NOT REMOVE
-	c := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-	signal.Notify(c, SIGQUIT)
-	go func() {
-		for {
-			<-c
-			if p := pprof.Lookup("goroutine"); p == nil {
-				log.Println("initial built-in goroutine profile does not exist")
-			} else if err := p.WriteTo(os.Stderr, 2); err != nil {
-				log.Println(err)
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-}
-
-// fatal calls [log.Println] with v and blocks forever. Must be called from
-// main. Must not be used after error reporting is set up.
-func fatal(v ...any) {
-	log.Println(v...)
-	log.Println("unable to continue, please reboot and resolve the problem manually")
-	log.SetOutput(io.Discard)
-	select {}
-}
-
-// must calls fatal with err if it is non-nil.
-func must(err error) {
-	if err != nil {
-		fatal(err)
-		select {}
-	}
-}
-
-// mustSyscall is like must, but with an additional action name.
-func mustSyscall(action string, err error) {
-	if err != nil {
-		fatal("cannot "+action+":", err)
-		select {}
-	}
-}
-
-// must1 is like must, but with an additional passed through value.
-func must1[T any](v T, err error) T {
-	must(err)
-	return v
-}
-
-const (
-	// optionSystem specifies devpath of the system device.
-	optionSystem = "system"
-
-	// flagVerbose increases output verbosity.
-	flagVerbose = "verbose"
-	// flagStrict sets [report.DStrict] on r.
-	flagStrict = "strict"
-	// flagNoRecover sets [report.DNoRecover] on r.
-	flagNoRecover = "no_recover"
 )
 
 func main() {
 	runtime.LockOSThread()
+	log.SetFlags(0)
+	log.SetPrefix("earlyinit: ")
 
 	var (
 		option map[string]string
@@ -109,44 +33,15 @@ func main() {
 		}
 	}
 
-	{
+	if err := Mount(
-		var flag uint64
-		if slices.Contains(flags, flagStrict) {
-			flag |= report.DStrict
-		}
-		if slices.Contains(flags, flagNoRecover) {
-			flag |= report.DNoRecover
-		}
-		log.Printf("reporting flags %x", flag)
-		r.SetFlags(flag)
-	}
-
-	msg := message.New(log.Default())
-	msg.SwapVerbose(slices.Contains(flags, flagVerbose))
-
-	mustSyscall("mount devtmpfs", Mount(
 		"devtmpfs",
 		"/dev/",
 		"devtmpfs",
 		MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC,
 		"",
-	))
+	); err != nil {
-	must(os.Mkdir("/dev/pts/", 0))
+		log.Fatalf("cannot mount devtmpfs: %v", err)
-	mustSyscall("mount devpts", Mount(
+	}
-		"devpts",
-		"/dev/pts/",
-		"devpts",
-		MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC,
-		"mode=620,ptmxmode=666",
-	))
-	must(os.Mkdir("/dev/shm/", 0))
-	mustSyscall("mount shm", Mount(
-		"shm",
-		"/dev/shm/",
-		"tmpfs",
-		MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV,
-		"",
-	))
 
 	// The kernel might be unable to set up the console. When that happens,
 	// printk is called with "Warning: unable to open an initial console."
@@ -203,49 +98,6 @@ func main() {
 		"",
 	))
 
-	conn := must1(uevent.Dial(-128 * 1024 * 1024))
-	events := make(chan *uevent.Message, 1<<10)
-	var uuid uevent.UUID
-	must1(rand.Read(uuid[:]))
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-
-	go consume(ctx, msg, &r, conn, uuid, events)
-	s := kobject.New(uuid, func(o *kobject.Object, env map[string]string) {
-		p := make([]string, 0, len(env))
-		for k, v := range env {
-			p = append(p, k+"="+v)
-		}
-		slices.Sort(p)
-		log.Printf("change %s: %s", o.DevPath, strings.Join(p, ", "))
-	}, func(err error) {
-		severity := report.Inconsistent
-		if e, ok := err.(kobject.EventError); ok && e.Kind == kobject.EBadTarget {
-			severity = report.Trivial
-		}
-		r.Dispatch(
-			severity,
-			"processed inconsistent uevent",
-			err,
-		)
-	})
-	go func() {
-		s.Consume(ctx, events)
-
-		log.Println("closing NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT socket")
-		cancel()
-		if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
-			log.Fatal(err) // not reached
-		}
-	}()
-
-	must(os.Mkdir("/system", 0))
-	if devpath := option[optionSystem]; devpath == "" {
-		fatal("system must be nonempty")
-	} else {
-		log.Printf("waiting for devpath pattern %q", devpath)
-		mustMountSystem(ctx, s, devpath)
-	}
-
 	// after top level has been set up
 	mustSyscall("remount root", Mount(
 		"",
@@ -261,6 +113,19 @@ func main() {
 		[]byte("/system/lib/firmware"),
 		0,
 	))
-	go dispatchModprobe(ctx, s)
 
 }
+
+// mustSyscall calls [log.Fatalln] if err is non-nil.
+func mustSyscall(action string, err error) {
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalln("cannot "+action+":", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// must calls [log.Fatal] with err if it is non-nil.
+func must(err error) {
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}

cmd/earlyinit/modprobe.go

@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"log"
-	"os/exec"
-	"strings"
-
-	"hakurei.app/internal/kobject"
-	"hakurei.app/internal/report"
-	"hakurei.app/internal/uevent"
-)
-
-// ModprobeError describes an unsuccessful modprobe invocation.
-type ModprobeError struct {
-	ModAlias string `json:"modalias"`
-	Stdout   string `json:"stdout"`
-	Stderr   string `json:"stderr"`
-	ExitCode int    `json:"exit_code"`
-}
-
-var _ report.RepresentableError = ModprobeError{}
-
-func (ModprobeError) Representable() {}
-func (e ModprobeError) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf(
-		"%s (exit status %d)",
-		strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(e.Stderr), "modprobe: "),
-		e.ExitCode,
-	)
-}
-
-// dispatchModprobe invokes modprobe for [uevent.KOBJ_ADD] events raising new
-// MODALIAS strings.
-func dispatchModprobe(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	s *kobject.State,
-) {
-	aliases := make(chan string, 1<<8)
-	go func() {
-		defer close(aliases)
-		s.Range(ctx, func(o *kobject.Object, act uevent.KobjectAction) bool {
-			if act == uevent.KOBJ_ADD && o.Driver == "" && o.ModAlias != "" {
-				aliases <- o.ModAlias
-			}
-			return true
-		})
-	}()
-
-	for alias := range aliases {
-		stdout, err := exec.Command("/system/sbin/modprobe", alias).Output()
-		if err == nil {
-			if len(stdout) > 0 {
-				log.Println(string(stdout))
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-
-		exitError, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](err)
-		if !ok || exitError == nil {
-			r.Dispatch(report.Degraded, "invoke modprobe", err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		r.Dispatch(report.Trivial, "load device driver", ModprobeError{
-			ModAlias: alias,
-			Stdout:   string(stdout),
-			Stderr:   string(exitError.Stderr),
-			ExitCode: exitError.ExitCode(),
-		})
-	}
-}

cmd/earlyinit/mount.go

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strconv"
-	"syscall"
-	"time"
-
-	"hakurei.app/check"
-	"hakurei.app/fhs"
-	"hakurei.app/internal/kobject"
-	"hakurei.app/internal/uevent"
-)
-
-// mustMountSystem waits for and mounts a system device matching pattern.
-func mustMountSystem(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	s *kobject.State,
-	pattern string,
-) {
-	c, stop := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
-	defer stop()
-
-	for {
-		var matchErr error
-		var systemPath *check.Absolute
-		s.Range(c, func(o *kobject.Object, act uevent.KobjectAction) bool {
-			if (act != uevent.KOBJ_ADD && act != uevent.KOBJ_CHANGE) ||
-				o.Subsystem != "block" ||
-				o.Env["DEVTYPE"] != "disk" {
-				return true
-			}
-
-			if ok, err := filepath.Match(pattern, o.DevPath); err != nil {
-				matchErr = err
-				return false
-			} else if !ok {
-				return true
-			}
-
-			name, ok := o.Env["DEVNAME"]
-			if !ok {
-				return true
-			}
-			systemPath = fhs.AbsDev.Append(name)
-			return false
-		})
-		if c.Err() != nil {
-			fatal("devpath", strconv.Quote(pattern), "never appeared")
-		}
-		if matchErr != nil {
-			fatal("cannot match system devpath:", matchErr)
-		}
-		err := syscall.Mount(
-			systemPath.String(),
-			"/system/",
-			"squashfs",
-			0,
-			"threads=multi",
-		)
-		if err == nil {
-			break
-		}
-		if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			fatal("cannot mount system:", err)
-		}
-	}
-}

cmd/earlyinit/uevent.go

@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"time"
-
-	"hakurei.app/fhs"
-	"hakurei.app/internal/report"
-	"hakurei.app/internal/uevent"
-	"hakurei.app/message"
-)
-
-// newRejectColdboot returns a function to be called on every subsequent pending
-// coldboot, and returns whether coldboot should proceed. Rejection is sticky.
-func newRejectColdboot() func() bool {
-	// one coldboot per five minutes, two consecutive coldboot
-	const (
-		coldbootInterval = 5 * time.Minute
-		coldbootBurst    = 2
-	)
-
-	done := make(chan struct{})
-	s := make(chan struct{}, coldbootBurst)
-	s <- struct{}{} // for early fault before reporting is ready
-	go func() {
-		t := time.NewTicker(coldbootInterval)
-		for {
-			select {
-			case <-done:
-				return
-
-			case <-t.C:
-				select {
-				case s <- struct{}{}:
-				default:
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-
-	return func() bool {
-		select {
-		case <-s:
-			return true
-
-		case <-done:
-			return false
-
-		default:
-			close(done)
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// consume continuously consumes events from conn with retries.
-func consume(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	msg message.Msg,
-	r *report.Reporter,
-	conn *uevent.Conn,
-	uuid uevent.UUID,
-	events chan<- *uevent.Message,
-) {
-	defer close(events)
-
-	nextColdboot := newRejectColdboot()
-	coldboot := true
-retry:
-	if dispatchErr := conn.Consume(ctx, fhs.Sys, &uuid, events, coldboot, func(path string) {
-		msg.Verbose("coldboot visited", path)
-	}, func(err error) bool {
-		if _, ok := err.(uevent.NeedsColdboot); ok && !nextColdboot() {
-			r.Dispatch(
-				report.Degraded,
-				"rejecting coldboot loop",
-				err,
-			)
-			return false
-		}
-		r.Dispatch(
-			report.Inconsistent,
-			"consumed invalid message",
-			err,
-		)
-		return true
-	}, nil); dispatchErr != nil {
-		if _, ok := dispatchErr.(uevent.Recoverable); !ok {
-			r.Dispatch(
-				report.Fatal,
-				"discontinuing uevent processing due to nonrecoverable error",
-				dispatchErr,
-			)
-			return
-		}
-
-		if _, ok := dispatchErr.(uevent.NeedsColdboot); ok {
-			// coldboot loop rejected by handler
-			coldboot = false
-		}
-
-		goto retry
-	}
-}

cmd/earlyinit/uevent_test.go

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"testing/synctest"
-	"time"
-)
-
-func TestRejectColdboot(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
-		nextColdboot := newRejectColdboot()
-		want := func(want bool) {
-			if got := nextColdboot(); got != want {
-				t.Fatalf("nextColdboot: %v, want %v", got, want)
-			}
-		}
-
-		synctest.Wait()
-		want(true)
-		time.Sleep(time.Hour)
-		synctest.Wait()
-		want(true)
-		want(true)
-		time.Sleep(5 * time.Minute)
-		synctest.Wait()
-		want(true)
-		want(false)
-		time.Sleep(time.Hour)
-		synctest.Wait()
-		want(false)
-		want(false)
-	})
-}

cmd/hakurei/command_test.go

@@ -19,9 +19,10 @@ func TestHelp(t *testing.T) {
 		want string
 	}{
 		{
-			"main", []string{}, `usage: hakurei [-h | --help] [-v] [--insecure] [--json] <command> [<args>]
+			"main", []string{}, `
+Usage:	hakurei [-h | --help] [-v] [--insecure] [--json] COMMAND [OPTIONS]
 
-commands:
+Commands:
     run         Load and start container from configuration file
     exec        Configure and start a permissive container
     show        Show live or local instance configuration
@@ -34,14 +35,10 @@ commands:
 `,
 		},
 		{
-			"exec", []string{"exec", "-h"}, `usage: hakurei exec [-h | --help] [--dbus-config <value>]
+			"exec", []string{"exec", "-h"}, `
-                    [--dbus-system <value>] [--mpris] [--dbus-log]
+Usage:	hakurei exec [-h | --help] [--dbus-config <value>] [--dbus-system <value>] [--mpris] [--dbus-log] [--id <value>] [-a <int>] [-g <value>] [-d <value>] [-u <value>] [--policy <value>] [--priority <int>] [--private-runtime] [--private-tmpdir] [--wayland] [-X] [--dbus] [--pipewire] [--pulse] COMMAND [OPTIONS]
-                    [--id <value>] [-a <int>] [-g <value>] [-d <value>]
-                    [-u <value>] [--policy <value>] [--priority <int>]
-                    [--private-runtime] [--private-tmpdir] [--wayland] [-X]
-                    [--dbus] [--pipewire] [--pulse] <command> [<args>]
 
-flags:
+Flags:
   -X	Enable direct connection to X11
   -a int
     	Application identity

cmd/hakurei/json.go

@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 )
 
-// decodeJSON decodes json from r and stores it in v. A non-nil error results in
+// decodeJSON decodes json from r and stores it in v. A non-nil error results in a call to fatal.
-// a call to fatal.
 func decodeJSON(fatal func(v ...any), op string, r io.Reader, v any) {
 	err := json.NewDecoder(r).Decode(v)
 	if err == nil {
@@ -48,14 +47,14 @@ func encodeJSON(fatal func(v ...any), output io.Writer, short bool, v any) {
 	}
 
 	if err := encoder.Encode(v); err != nil {
-		if e, ok := errors.AsType[*json.MarshalerError](err); ok && e != nil {
+		var marshalerError *json.MarshalerError
+		if errors.As(err, &marshalerError) && marshalerError != nil {
 			// this likely indicates an implementation error in hst
-			fatal("cannot encode json for " + e.Type.String() + ": " + e.Err.Error())
+			fatal("cannot encode json for " + marshalerError.Type.String() + ": " + marshalerError.Err.Error())
 			return
 		}
 
-		// UnsupportedTypeError, UnsupportedValueError: incorrect usage, does
+		// UnsupportedTypeError, UnsupportedValueError: incorrect usage, does not need to be handled
-		// not need to be handled
 		fatal("cannot write json: " + err.Error())
 	}
 }

cmd/hakurei/print_test.go

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func TestPrintShowInstance(t *testing.T) {
  Identity:       9 (org.chromium.Chromium)
  Enablements:    wayland, dbus, pipewire
  Groups:         video, dialout, plugdev
- Flags:          multiarch, compat, devel, userns, net, abstract, tty, mapuid, noplace, device, cover_run, runtime, tmpdir
+ Flags:          multiarch, compat, devel, userns, net, abstract, tty, mapuid, device, runtime, tmpdir
  Home:           /data/data/org.chromium.Chromium
  Hostname:       localhost
  Path:           /run/current-system/sw/bin/chromium
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ App
  Identity:       9 (org.chromium.Chromium)
  Enablements:    wayland, dbus, pipewire
  Groups:         video, dialout, plugdev
- Flags:          multiarch, compat, devel, userns, net, abstract, tty, mapuid, noplace, device, cover_run, runtime, tmpdir
+ Flags:          multiarch, compat, devel, userns, net, abstract, tty, mapuid, device, runtime, tmpdir
  Home:           /data/data/org.chromium.Chromium
  Hostname:       localhost
  Path:           /run/current-system/sw/bin/chromium
@@ -354,9 +354,7 @@ App
     "tty": true,
     "multiarch": true,
     "map_real_uid": true,
-    "noplace": true,
     "device": true,
-    "cover_run": true,
     "share_runtime": true,
     "share_tmpdir": true
   },
@@ -507,9 +505,7 @@ App
     "tty": true,
     "multiarch": true,
     "map_real_uid": true,
-    "noplace": true,
     "device": true,
-    "cover_run": true,
     "share_runtime": true,
     "share_tmpdir": true
   }
@@ -707,9 +703,7 @@ func TestPrintPs(t *testing.T) {
       "tty": true,
       "multiarch": true,
       "map_real_uid": true,
-      "noplace": true,
       "device": true,
-      "cover_run": true,
       "share_runtime": true,
       "share_tmpdir": true
     },

cmd/hsu/main.go

@@ -21,6 +21,15 @@
 // following paragraphs are considered an internal detail and not covered by the
 // compatibility promise.
 //
+// After checking credentials, hsu checks via /proc/ the absolute pathname of
+// its parent process, and fails if it does not match the hakurei pathname set
+// at link time. This is not a security feature: the priv-side is considered
+// trusted, and this feature makes no attempt to address the racy nature of
+// querying /proc/, or debuggers attached to the parent process. Instead, this
+// aims to discourage misuse and reduce confusion if the user accidentally
+// stumbles upon this program. It also prevents accidental use of the incorrect
+// installation of hsu in some environments.
+//
 // Since target container environment variables are set up in shim via the
 // [container] infrastructure, the environment is used for parameters from the
 // parent process.
@@ -53,6 +62,7 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 )
 
@@ -97,6 +107,18 @@ func main() {
 		return
 	}
 
+	var toolPath string
+	pexe := filepath.Join("/proc", strconv.Itoa(os.Getppid()), "exe")
+	if p, err := os.Readlink(pexe); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("cannot read parent executable path: %v", err)
+	} else if strings.HasSuffix(p, " (deleted)") {
+		log.Fatal("hakurei executable has been deleted")
+	} else if p != hakureiPath {
+		log.Fatal("this program must be started by hakurei")
+	} else {
+		toolPath = p
+	}
+
 	// refuse to run if hsurc is not protected correctly
 	if s, err := os.Stat(hsuConfPath); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
@@ -183,7 +205,7 @@ func main() {
 		log.Fatalf("cannot set no_new_privs flag: %s", errno.Error())
 	}
 
-	if err := syscall.Exec(hakureiPath, []string{
+	if err := syscall.Exec(toolPath, []string{
 		"hakurei",
 		"shim",
 	}, []string{

cmd/hsu/package.nix

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ buildGoModule {
   pname = "${hakurei.pname}-hsu";
   inherit (hakurei) version;
 
-  src = ../cmd/hsu;
+  src = ./.;
   inherit (hakurei) vendorHash;
   env.CGO_ENABLED = 0;
 

cmd/mbf/cache.go

@@ -2,15 +2,12 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"strconv"
 	"testing"
 
 	"hakurei.app/check"
 	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
-	"hakurei.app/internal/rosa"
 	"hakurei.app/message"
 )
 
@@ -22,29 +19,10 @@ type cache struct {
 	// Should generally not be used directly.
 	c *pkg.Cache
 
-	attr pkg.CacheAttr
+	cures, jobs        int
-	// Primarily to work around missing landlock LSM.
+	hostAbstract, idle bool
-	hostAbstract bool
-	// Set SCHED_IDLE.
-	idle bool
-	// Unset [pkg.CSuppressInit].
-	verboseInit bool
-	// Whether to enable output colours.
-	color bool
-	// Unset [pkg.CExternShallow].
-	deep bool
-	// Loaded artifact of [rosa.QEMU].
-	qemu pkg.Artifact
 
-	base, mirror string
+	base string
-}
-
-// writeTitle sets title of the terminal connected to [message.Msg].
-func writeTitle(msg message.Msg, s string) {
-	msg.Suspend()
-	w := msg.GetLogger().Writer()
-	_, _ = w.Write([]byte("\x1b]0;" + s + "\a"))
-	msg.Resume()
 }
 
 // open opens the underlying [pkg.Cache].
@@ -53,35 +31,19 @@ func (cache *cache) open() (err error) {
 		return os.ErrInvalid
 	}
 
-	var hostname string
-	if hostname, err = os.Hostname(); err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-
 	var base *check.Absolute
 	if cache.base, err = filepath.Abs(cache.base); err != nil {
 		return
 	} else if base, err = check.NewAbs(cache.base); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
-	var notify chan bool
 
+	var flags int
 	if cache.idle {
-		cache.attr.Flags |= pkg.CSchedIdle
+		flags |= pkg.CSchedIdle
 	}
 	if cache.hostAbstract {
-		cache.attr.Flags |= pkg.CHostAbstract
+		flags |= pkg.CHostAbstract
-	}
-	if !cache.verboseInit {
-		cache.attr.Flags |= pkg.CSuppressInit
-	}
-	if !cache.deep {
-		cache.attr.Flags |= pkg.CExternShallow
-	}
-	if cache.color {
-		cache.attr.Flags |= pkg.CColourOutput
-		notify = make(chan bool, 1<<12)
-		cache.attr.Notify = notify
 	}
 
 	done := make(chan struct{})
@@ -103,69 +65,11 @@ func (cache *cache) open() (err error) {
 	cache.c, err = pkg.Open(
 		cache.ctx,
 		cache.msg,
+		flags,
+		cache.cures,
+		cache.jobs,
 		base,
-		&cache.attr,
 	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	done <- struct{}{}
-
-	if cache.mirror != "" {
-		var pub []byte
-		pub, err = os.ReadFile(base.Append("ed25519.pub").String())
-		if err != nil {
-			cache.c.Close()
-			return
-		}
-		var r rosa.Remote
-		if r, err = rosa.NewRemote(http.DefaultClient, cache.mirror, pub); err != nil {
-			cache.c.Close()
-			return err
-		}
-		cache.c.SetExternal(r)
-	}
-
-	if cache.attr.Notify != nil {
-		cache.msg.Suspend()
-		_, _ = cache.msg.GetLogger().Writer().Write([]byte("\x1b[22;0t"))
-		cache.msg.Resume()
-
-		prefix := hostname + ": mbf "
-		go func() {
-			var n, nc uint64
-			for enter := range notify {
-				if enter {
-					nc++
-				} else {
-					nc--
-					n++
-				}
-
-				if nc == 0 {
-					writeTitle(cache.msg, prefix[:len(prefix)-1])
-					continue
-				}
-				writeTitle(cache.msg, prefix+
-					"("+strconv.FormatUint(nc, 10)+
-					" running, "+strconv.FormatUint(n, 10)+" complete)")
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-
-	if cache.qemu != nil {
-		var pathname *check.Absolute
-		pathname, _, err = cache.c.Cure(cache.qemu)
-		if err != nil {
-			cache.c.Close()
-			return
-		}
-
-		for arch, entry := range rosa.Arches(pathname) {
-			pkg.RegisterArch(arch, entry)
-		}
-	}
-
 	return
 }
 
@@ -173,11 +77,6 @@ func (cache *cache) open() (err error) {
 func (cache *cache) Close() {
 	if cache.c != nil {
 		cache.c.Close()
-		if cache.attr.Notify != nil {
-			cache.msg.Suspend()
-			_, _ = cache.msg.GetLogger().Writer().Write([]byte("\x1b[23;0t"))
-			cache.msg.Resume()
-		}
 	}
 }
 

cmd/mbf/daemon_test.go

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ func TestNoReply(t *testing.T) {
 	c, err := pkg.Open(
 		t.Context(),
 		message.New(log.New(os.Stderr, "cir: ", 0)),
+		0, 0, 0,
 		check.MustAbs(t.TempDir()),
-		nil,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Open: error = %v", err)
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func TestNoReply(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	<-done
-	wantIdent := pkg.MustDecode("bpVsJ69hdKPBntMh_u777g7-quFNVmMlBJQOlM_thiQa9JnOFLAbe5OlR4zNjZ32")
+	wantIdent := pkg.MustDecode("fiZf-ZY_Yq6qxJNrHbMiIPYCsGkUiKCRsZrcSELXTqZWtCnESlHmzV5ThhWWGGYG")
 	if gotIdent := c.Ident(a).Value(); gotIdent != wantIdent {
 		t.Errorf(
 			"cureFromIR: %s, want %s",
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ func TestDaemon(t *testing.T) {
 	cancel()
 	<-done
 
-	const want = "bpVsJ69hdKPBntMh_u777g7-quFNVmMlBJQOlM_thiQa9JnOFLAbe5OlR4zNjZ32"
+	const want = "fiZf-ZY_Yq6qxJNrHbMiIPYCsGkUiKCRsZrcSELXTqZWtCnESlHmzV5ThhWWGGYG"
 	if got := filepath.Base(p.String()); got != want {
 		t.Errorf("cureRemote: %s, want %s", got, want)
 	}
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ func TestDaemon(t *testing.T) {
 	wantLog := []string{
 		"",
 		"daemon: aborting all pending cures",
-		"daemon: attempting to cancel invalid artifact 58Vy_5beLZCvZX__KzRKyIE6vATleaZP1ZBxbqoWnekz9aZ1zkxNgcIUFI5V1_Jf",
+		"daemon: attempting to cancel invalid artifact kQm9fmnCmXST1-MMmxzcau2oKZCXXrlZydo4PkeV5hO_2PKfeC8t98hrbV_ZZx_j",
-		"daemon: fulfilled artifact " + want,
+		"daemon: fulfilled artifact fiZf-ZY_Yq6qxJNrHbMiIPYCsGkUiKCRsZrcSELXTqZWtCnESlHmzV5ThhWWGGYG",
 	}
 	gotLog := strings.Split(buf.String(), "\n")
 	slices.Sort(gotLog)

cmd/mbf/info.go

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
-	"unique"
 
 	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
 	"hakurei.app/internal/rosa"
@@ -21,10 +20,7 @@ func commandInfo(
 	r *rosa.Report,
 ) (err error) {
 	if len(args) == 0 {
-		for _, h := range rosa.Native().CollectAll() {
+		return errors.New("info requires at least 1 argument")
-			fmt.Println(h)
-		}
-		return nil
 	}
 
 	// recovered by HandleAccess
@@ -39,19 +35,17 @@ func commandInfo(
 		}
 	}
 
-	t := rosa.Native().Std()
 	for i, name := range args {
-		handle := rosa.ArtifactH(unique.Make(name))
+		if p, ok := rosa.ResolveName(name); !ok {
-		if meta, a := t.Load(handle); meta == nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("unknown artifact %q", name)
 		} else {
 			var suffix string
-
+			if version := rosa.Std.Version(p); version != rosa.Unversioned {
-			if meta.Version != rosa.Unversioned {
+				suffix += "-" + version
-				suffix += "-" + meta.Version
 			}
 			mustPrintln("name        : " + name + suffix)
 
+			meta := rosa.GetMetadata(p)
 			mustPrintln("description : " + meta.Description)
 			if meta.Website != "" {
 				mustPrintln("website     : " +
@@ -60,10 +54,9 @@ func commandInfo(
 			if len(meta.Dependencies) > 0 {
 				mustPrint("depends on  :")
 				for _, d := range meta.Dependencies {
-					_meta, _ := rosa.Native().Std().MustLoad(d)
+					s := rosa.GetMetadata(d).Name
-					s := _meta.Name
+					if version := rosa.Std.Version(d); version != rosa.Unversioned {
-					if _meta.Version != rosa.Unversioned {
+						s += "-" + version
-						s += "-" + _meta.Version
 					}
 					mustPrint(" " + s)
 				}
@@ -75,7 +68,7 @@ func commandInfo(
 				if r == nil {
 					var f io.ReadSeekCloser
 					err = cm.Do(func(cache *pkg.Cache) (err error) {
-						f, err = cache.OpenStatus(a)
+						f, err = cache.OpenStatus(rosa.Std.Load(p))
 						return
 					})
 					if err != nil {
@@ -94,7 +87,7 @@ func commandInfo(
 						}
 					}
 				} else if err = cm.Do(func(cache *pkg.Cache) (err error) {
-					status, n := r.ArtifactOf(cache.Ident(a))
+					status, n := r.ArtifactOf(cache.Ident(rosa.Std.Load(p)))
 					if status == nil {
 						mustPrintln(
 							statusPrefix + "not in report",

cmd/mbf/info_test.go

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
-	"unique"
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
@@ -21,14 +20,6 @@ import (
 func TestInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	_t := rosa.Native().Std()
-	qemuMeta, _ := _t.Load(rosa.H("qemu"))
-	glibMeta, _ := _t.Load(rosa.H("glib"))
-	zlibMeta, zlib := _t.Load(rosa.H("zlib"))
-	zstdMeta, _ := _t.Load(rosa.H("zstd"))
-	hakureiMeta, _ := _t.Load(rosa.H("hakurei"))
-	hakureiDistMeta, _ := _t.Load(rosa.H("hakurei-dist"))
-
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name    string
 		args    []string
@@ -38,24 +29,24 @@ func TestInfo(t *testing.T) {
 		wantErr any
 	}{
 		{"qemu", []string{"qemu"}, nil, "", `
-name        : qemu-` + qemuMeta.Version + `
+name        : qemu-` + rosa.Std.Version(rosa.QEMU) + `
 description : a generic and open source machine emulator and virtualizer
 website     : https://www.qemu.org
-depends on  : glib-` + glibMeta.Version + ` zstd-` + zstdMeta.Version + `
+depends on  : glib-` + rosa.Std.Version(rosa.GLib) + ` zstd-` + rosa.Std.Version(rosa.Zstd) + `
 `, nil},
 
 		{"multi", []string{"hakurei", "hakurei-dist"}, nil, "", `
-name        : hakurei-` + hakureiMeta.Version + `
+name        : hakurei-` + rosa.Std.Version(rosa.Hakurei) + `
 description : low-level userspace tooling for Rosa OS
 website     : https://hakurei.app
 
-name        : hakurei-dist-` + hakureiDistMeta.Version + `
+name        : hakurei-dist-` + rosa.Std.Version(rosa.HakureiDist) + `
 description : low-level userspace tooling for Rosa OS (distribution tarball)
 website     : https://hakurei.app
 `, nil},
 
 		{"nonexistent", []string{"zlib", "\x00"}, nil, "", `
-name        : zlib-` + zlibMeta.Version + `
+name        : zlib-` + rosa.Std.Version(rosa.Zlib) + `
 description : lossless data-compression library
 website     : https://zlib.net
 
@@ -65,12 +56,12 @@ website     : https://zlib.net
 			"zstd":    "internal/pkg (amd64) on satori\n",
 			"hakurei": "internal/pkg (amd64) on satori\n\n",
 		}, "", `
-name        : zlib-` + zlibMeta.Version + `
+name        : zlib-` + rosa.Std.Version(rosa.Zlib) + `
 description : lossless data-compression library
 website     : https://zlib.net
 status      : not yet cured
 
-name        : zstd-` + zstdMeta.Version + `
+name        : zstd-` + rosa.Std.Version(rosa.Zstd) + `
 description : a fast compression algorithm
 website     : https://facebook.github.io/zstd
 status      : internal/pkg (amd64) on satori
@@ -79,19 +70,19 @@ status      : internal/pkg (amd64) on satori
 		{"status cache perm", []string{"zlib"}, map[string]string{
 			"zlib": "\x00",
 		}, "", `
-name        : zlib-` + zlibMeta.Version + `
+name        : zlib-` + rosa.Std.Version(rosa.Zlib) + `
 description : lossless data-compression library
 website     : https://zlib.net
 `, func(cm *cache) error {
 			return &os.PathError{
 				Op:   "open",
-				Path: filepath.Join(cm.base, "status", pkg.Encode(cm.c.Ident(zlib).Value())),
+				Path: filepath.Join(cm.base, "status", pkg.Encode(cm.c.Ident(rosa.Std.Load(rosa.Zlib)).Value())),
 				Err:  syscall.EACCES,
 			}
 		}},
 
 		{"status report", []string{"zlib"}, nil, strings.Repeat("\x00", len(pkg.Checksum{})+8), `
-name        : zlib-` + zlibMeta.Version + `
+name        : zlib-` + rosa.Std.Version(rosa.Zlib) + `
 description : lossless data-compression library
 website     : https://zlib.net
 status      : not in report
@@ -140,8 +131,8 @@ status      : not in report
 
 			if tc.status != nil {
 				for name, status := range tc.status {
-					_, a := _t.Load(rosa.ArtifactH(unique.Make(name)))
+					p, ok := rosa.ResolveName(name)
-					if a == nil {
+					if !ok {
 						t.Fatalf("invalid name %q", name)
 					}
 					perm := os.FileMode(0400)
@@ -152,7 +143,7 @@ status      : not in report
 						return os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(
 							cm.base,
 							"status",
-							pkg.Encode(cache.Ident(a).Value()),
+							pkg.Encode(cache.Ident(rosa.Std.Load(p)).Value()),
 						), unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(status), len(status)), perm)
 					}); err != nil {
 						t.Fatalf("Do: error = %v", err)

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/api.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ var (
 // handleInfo writes constant system information.
 func handleInfo(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
 	infoPayloadOnce.Do(func() {
-		infoPayload.Count = len(rosa.Native().Collect())
+		infoPayload.Count = int(rosa.PresetUnexportedStart)
 		infoPayload.HakureiVersion = info.Version()
 	})
 	// TODO(mae): cache entire response if no additional fields are planned
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ func (index *packageIndex) handleGet(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if err != nil || i >= len(index.sorts[0]) || i < 0 {
 		http.Error(
 			w, "index must be an integer between 0 and "+
-				strconv.Itoa(len(index.sorts[0])-1),
+				strconv.Itoa(int(rosa.PresetUnexportedStart-1)),
 			http.StatusBadRequest,
 		)
 		return
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ func (index *packageIndex) handleSearch(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)
 	if err != nil || i >= len(index.sorts[0]) || i < 0 {
 		http.Error(
 			w, "index must be an integer between 0 and "+
-				strconv.Itoa(len(index.sorts[0])-1),
+				strconv.Itoa(int(rosa.PresetUnexportedStart-1)),
 			http.StatusBadRequest,
 		)
 		return

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/api_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package pkgserver
 import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ func TestAPIInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	checkPayload(t, resp, struct {
 		Count          int    `json:"count"`
 		HakureiVersion string `json:"hakurei_version"`
-	}{len(rosa.Native().Collect()), info.Version()})
+	}{int(rosa.PresetUnexportedStart), info.Version()})
 }
 
 func TestAPIGet(t *testing.T) {
@@ -92,12 +93,11 @@ func TestAPIGet(t *testing.T) {
 		)
 	})
 
-	count := len(rosa.Native().Collect())
 	t.Run("index", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()
 		checkValidate(
-			t, "limit=1&sort=0&index", 0, count-1,
+			t, "limit=1&sort=0&index", 0, int(rosa.PresetUnexportedStart-1),
-			"index must be an integer between 0 and "+strconv.Itoa(count-1),
+			"index must be an integer between 0 and "+strconv.Itoa(int(rosa.PresetUnexportedStart-1)),
 		)
 	})
 
@@ -108,4 +108,74 @@ func TestAPIGet(t *testing.T) {
 			"sort must be an integer between 0 and "+strconv.Itoa(int(sortOrderEnd)),
 		)
 	})
+
+	checkWithSuffix := func(name, suffix string, want []*metadata) {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			w := newRequest(suffix)
+			resp := w.Result()
+			checkStatus(t, resp, http.StatusOK)
+			checkAPIHeader(t, w.Header())
+			checkPayloadFunc(t, resp, func(got *struct {
+				Values []*metadata `json:"values"`
+			}) bool {
+				return slices.EqualFunc(got.Values, want, func(a, b *metadata) bool {
+					return (a.Version == b.Version ||
+						a.Version == rosa.Unversioned ||
+						b.Version == rosa.Unversioned) &&
+						a.HasReport == b.HasReport &&
+						a.Name == b.Name &&
+						a.Description == b.Description &&
+						a.Website == b.Website
+				})
+			})
+
+		})
+	}
+
+	checkWithSuffix("declarationAscending", "?limit=2&index=1&sort=0", []*metadata{
+		{
+			Metadata: rosa.GetMetadata(1),
+			Version:  rosa.Std.Version(1),
+		},
+		{
+			Metadata: rosa.GetMetadata(2),
+			Version:  rosa.Std.Version(2),
+		},
+	})
+	checkWithSuffix("declarationAscending offset", "?limit=3&index=5&sort=0", []*metadata{
+		{
+			Metadata: rosa.GetMetadata(5),
+			Version:  rosa.Std.Version(5),
+		},
+		{
+			Metadata: rosa.GetMetadata(6),
+			Version:  rosa.Std.Version(6),
+		},
+		{
+			Metadata: rosa.GetMetadata(7),
+			Version:  rosa.Std.Version(7),
+		},
+	})
+	checkWithSuffix("declarationDescending", "?limit=3&index=0&sort=1", []*metadata{
+		{
+			Metadata: rosa.GetMetadata(rosa.PresetUnexportedStart - 1),
+			Version:  rosa.Std.Version(rosa.PresetUnexportedStart - 1),
+		},
+		{
+			Metadata: rosa.GetMetadata(rosa.PresetUnexportedStart - 2),
+			Version:  rosa.Std.Version(rosa.PresetUnexportedStart - 2),
+		},
+		{
+			Metadata: rosa.GetMetadata(rosa.PresetUnexportedStart - 3),
+			Version:  rosa.Std.Version(rosa.PresetUnexportedStart - 3),
+		},
+	})
+	checkWithSuffix("declarationDescending offset", "?limit=1&index=37&sort=1", []*metadata{
+		{
+			Metadata: rosa.GetMetadata(rosa.PresetUnexportedStart - 38),
+			Version:  rosa.Std.Version(rosa.PresetUnexportedStart - 38),
+		},
+	})
 }

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/index.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ const (
 
 // packageIndex refers to metadata by name and various sort orders.
 type packageIndex struct {
-	sorts  [sortOrderEnd + 1][]*metadata
+	sorts  [sortOrderEnd + 1][rosa.PresetUnexportedStart]*metadata
 	names  map[string]*metadata
 	search searchCache
 	// Taken from [rosa.Report] if available.
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ type packageIndex struct {
 
 // metadata holds [rosa.Metadata] extended with additional information.
 type metadata struct {
-	handle rosa.ArtifactH
+	p rosa.PArtifact
 	*rosa.Metadata
 
-	// Copied from [rosa.Metadata], [rosa.Unversioned] is equivalent to the zero
+	// Populated via [rosa.Toolchain.Version], [rosa.Unversioned] is equivalent
-	// value. Otherwise, the zero value is invalid.
+	// to the zero value. Otherwise, the zero value is invalid.
 	Version string `json:"version,omitempty"`
 	// Output data size, available if present in report.
 	Size int64 `json:"size,omitempty"`
@@ -56,17 +56,15 @@ func (index *packageIndex) populate(report *rosa.Report) (err error) {
 		index.handleAccess = report.HandleAccess
 	}
 
-	handles := rosa.Native().Collect()
+	var work [rosa.PresetUnexportedStart]*metadata
-	work := make([]*metadata, len(handles))
 	index.names = make(map[string]*metadata)
 	ir := pkg.NewIR()
-	for i, handle := range handles {
+	for p := range rosa.PresetUnexportedStart {
-		meta, a := rosa.Native().Std().MustLoad(handle)
 		m := metadata{
-			handle: handle,
+			p: p,
 
-			Metadata: meta,
+			Metadata: rosa.GetMetadata(p),
-			Version:  meta.Version,
+			Version:  rosa.Std.Version(p),
 		}
 		if m.Version == "" {
 			return errors.New("invalid version from " + m.Name)
@@ -76,32 +74,32 @@ func (index *packageIndex) populate(report *rosa.Report) (err error) {
 		}
 
 		if report != nil {
-			id := ir.Ident(a)
+			id := ir.Ident(rosa.Std.Load(p))
 			m.ids = pkg.Encode(id.Value())
 			m.status, m.Size = report.ArtifactOf(id)
 			m.HasReport = m.Size >= 0
 		}
 
-		work[i] = &m
+		work[p] = &m
 		index.names[m.Name] = &m
 	}
 
 	index.sorts[declarationAscending] = work
-	index.sorts[declarationDescending] = slices.Clone(work)
+	index.sorts[declarationDescending] = work
 	slices.Reverse(index.sorts[declarationDescending][:])
 
-	index.sorts[nameAscending] = slices.Clone(work)
+	index.sorts[nameAscending] = work
 	slices.SortFunc(index.sorts[nameAscending][:], func(a, b *metadata) int {
 		return strings.Compare(a.Name, b.Name)
 	})
-	index.sorts[nameDescending] = slices.Clone(index.sorts[nameAscending])
+	index.sorts[nameDescending] = index.sorts[nameAscending]
 	slices.Reverse(index.sorts[nameDescending][:])
 
-	index.sorts[sizeAscending] = slices.Clone(work)
+	index.sorts[sizeAscending] = work
 	slices.SortFunc(index.sorts[sizeAscending][:], func(a, b *metadata) int {
 		return cmp.Compare(a.Size, b.Size)
 	})
-	index.sorts[sizeDescending] = slices.Clone(index.sorts[sizeAscending])
+	index.sorts[sizeDescending] = index.sorts[sizeAscending]
 	slices.Reverse(index.sorts[sizeDescending][:])
 
 	return

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/search.go

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func (s *searchCache) clean() {
 }
 func indexsum(in [][]int) int {
 	sum := 0
-	for i := range in {
+	for i := 0; i < len(in); i++ {
 		sum += in[i][1] - in[i][0]
 	}
 	return sum

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/index.html

@@ -4,12 +4,11 @@
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
-    <link rel="icon" href="https://hakurei.app/favicon.ico"/>
+    <title>Hakurei PkgServer</title>
-    <title>Rosa OS Packages</title>
     <script src="index.js"></script>
 </head>
 <body>
-<h1>Rosa OS Packages</h1>
+<h1>Hakurei PkgServer</h1>
 <div class="top-controls" id="top-controls-regular">
     <p>Showing entries <span id="entry-counter"></span>.</p>
     <span id="search-bar">

cmd/mbf/main_test.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	rosa.Native().DropCaches("", rosa.OptLLVMNoLTO)
+	rosa.DropCaches(rosa.OptLLVMNoLTO)
 	os.Exit(m.Run())
 }
 
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ func TestCureAll(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
-	for _, handle := range rosa.Native().Collect() {
+	for i := range rosa.PresetEnd {
-		_, a := rosa.Native().Std().MustLoad(handle)
+		p := rosa.PArtifact(i)
-		t.Run(handle.String(), func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Run(rosa.GetMetadata(p).Name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			_, err := cureRemote(t.Context(), &addr, a, 0)
+			_, err := cureRemote(t.Context(), &addr, rosa.Std.Load(p), 0)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Error(err)
 			}

cmd/sharefs/fuse.go

@@ -508,8 +508,8 @@ func _main(s ...string) (exitCode int) {
 
 		if !z.AllowOrphan {
 			if err := z.Wait(); err != nil {
-				exitError, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](err)
+				var exitError *exec.ExitError
-				if !ok || exitError == nil {
+				if !errors.As(err, &exitError) || exitError == nil {
 					log.Println(err)
 					return 5
 				}

cmd/sharefs/test/configuration.nix

@@ -20,14 +20,11 @@
   };
 
   virtualisation = {
-    # Hopefully reduces spurious test failures:
-    memorySize = if pkgs.stdenv.hostPlatform.is32bit then 2046 else 8192;
-
     diskSize = 6 * 1024;
 
     qemu.options = [
       # Increase test performance:
-      "-smp 16"
+      "-smp 8"
     ];
   };
 

cmd/sharefs/test/default.nix

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ testers.nixosTest {
         # For go tests:
         (pkgs.writeShellScriptBin "sharefs-workload-hakurei-tests" ''
           cp -r "${self.packages.${system}.hakurei.src}" "/sdcard/hakurei" && cd "/sdcard/hakurei"
-          ${fhs}/bin/hakurei-fhs -c 'ROSA_SKIP_BINFMT=1 CC="clang -O3 -Werror" go test ./...'
+          ${fhs}/bin/hakurei-fhs -c 'CC="clang -O3 -Werror" go test ./...'
         '')
       ];
 

command/builder.go

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ func New(output io.Writer, logf LogFunc, name string, early HandlerFunc) Command
 	return c
 }
 
-// newNode initialises a subcommand tree and returns its address.
 func newNode(output io.Writer, logf LogFunc, name, usage string) *node {
 	n := &node{
 		name: name, usage: usage,
@@ -23,8 +22,8 @@ func newNode(output io.Writer, logf LogFunc, name, usage string) *node {
 	n.set.SetOutput(output)
 	n.set.Usage = func() {
 		_ = n.writeHelp()
-		if len(n.suffix) > 0 {
+		if n.suffix.Len() > 0 {
-			_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(output, "flags:")
+			_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(output, "Flags:")
 			n.set.PrintDefaults()
 			_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(output)
 		}

command/builder_test.go

@@ -18,14 +18,8 @@ func TestBuild(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("direct zero length", func(t *testing.T) {
 		wantPanic := "invalid subcommand"
-		t.Run("zero length name", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Run("zero length name", func(t *testing.T) { defer checkRecover(t, "Command", wantPanic); c.Command("", "usage", stubHandler) })
-			defer checkRecover(t, "Command", wantPanic)
+		t.Run("zero length usage", func(t *testing.T) { defer checkRecover(t, "Command", wantPanic); c.Command("name", "", stubHandler) })
-			c.Command("", "usage", stubHandler)
-		})
-		t.Run("zero length usage", func(t *testing.T) {
-			defer checkRecover(t, "Command", wantPanic)
-			c.Command("name", "", stubHandler)
-		})
 	})
 
 	t.Run("direct adopt unique names", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -40,14 +34,8 @@ func TestBuild(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("zero length", func(t *testing.T) {
 		wantPanic := "invalid subcommand tree"
-		t.Run("zero length name", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Run("zero length name", func(t *testing.T) { defer checkRecover(t, "New", wantPanic); c.New("", "usage") })
-			defer checkRecover(t, "New", wantPanic)
+		t.Run("zero length usage", func(t *testing.T) { defer checkRecover(t, "New", wantPanic); c.New("name", "") })
-			c.New("", "usage")
-		})
-		t.Run("zero length usage", func(t *testing.T) {
-			defer checkRecover(t, "New", wantPanic)
-			c.New("name", "")
-		})
 	})
 
 	t.Run("direct adopt unique names", func(t *testing.T) {

command/command.go

@@ -6,43 +6,36 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 )
 
-// UsageInternal is a special usage string that hides the command from the
+// UsageInternal causes the command to be hidden from help text when set as the usage string.
-// generated help message.
+const UsageInternal = "internal"
-const UsageInternal = "\x00"
 
 type (
 	// HandlerFunc is called when matching a directly handled subcommand tree.
 	HandlerFunc = func(args []string) error
 
-	// LogFunc is the function signature of a printf function. The zero value
+	// LogFunc is the function signature of a printf function.
-	// implies [log.Printf].
 	LogFunc = func(format string, a ...any)
 
-	// FlagDefiner is a deferred flag definer value, usually encapsulating the
+	// FlagDefiner is a deferred flag definer value, usually encapsulating the default value.
-	// default value.
 	FlagDefiner interface {
 		// Define defines the flag in set.
 		Define(b *strings.Builder, set *flag.FlagSet, p any, name, usage string)
 	}
 
-	// A Flag is satisfied by command objects capable of receiving flags.
 	Flag[T any] interface {
 		// Flag defines a generic flag type in Node's flag set.
 		Flag(p any, name string, value FlagDefiner, usage string) T
 	}
 
-	// A Command is the root of a command tree.
 	Command interface {
 		Parse(arguments []string) error
 
-		// MustParse determines exit outcomes for Parse errors and calls
+		// MustParse determines exit outcomes for Parse errors
-		// handleError if [HandlerFunc] returns a non-nil error.
+		// and calls handleError if [HandlerFunc] returns a non-nil error.
 		MustParse(arguments []string, handleError func(error))
 
 		baseNode[Command]
 	}
-
-	// A Node is a subcommand under a [Command].
 	Node baseNode[Node]
 
 	baseNode[T any] interface {
@@ -60,16 +53,3 @@ type (
 		Flag[T]
 	}
 )
-
-// rootNode satisfies baseNode for [Command].
-type rootNode struct{ *node }
-
-func (r rootNode) Command(name, usage string, f HandlerFunc) Command {
-	r.node.Command(name, usage, f)
-	return r
-}
-
-func (r rootNode) Flag(p any, name string, value FlagDefiner, usage string) Command {
-	r.node.Flag(p, name, value, usage)
-	return r
-}

command/flag.go

@@ -16,13 +16,7 @@ func (e FlagError) Is(target error) bool {
 }
 
 func (n *node) Flag(p any, name string, value FlagDefiner, usage string) Node {
-	var buf strings.Builder
+	value.Define(&n.suffix, n.set, p, name, usage)
-	value.Define(&buf, n.set, p, name, usage)
-	s := buf.String()
-	if len(s) > 0 && s[0] == ' ' {
-		s = s[1:]
-	}
-	n.suffix = append(n.suffix, s)
 	return n
 }
 

command/help.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package command
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -14,31 +13,14 @@ var ErrHelp = errors.New("help requested")
 func (n *node) PrintHelp() { _ = n.writeHelp() }
 
 func (n *node) writeHelp() error {
-	prefix := strings.Join(append(n.prefix, n.name), " ")
-	var buf strings.Builder
-	offset := 7 + len(prefix)
-	line := offset + 14
-	w := bytes.Repeat([]byte{' '}, offset+1)
-	w[0] = '\n'
-
-	for _, flag := range n.suffix {
-		line += len(flag) + 1
-		if line >= 80 {
-			line = offset + len(flag) + 1
-			buf.Write(w)
-		}
-		buf.WriteByte(' ')
-		buf.WriteString(flag)
-	}
-
 	if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(n.out,
-		"usage: %s [-h | --help]%s <command> [<args>]\n",
+		"\nUsage:\t%s [-h | --help]%s COMMAND [OPTIONS]\n",
-		prefix, &buf,
+		strings.Join(append(n.prefix, n.name), " "), &n.suffix,
 	); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if n.child != nil {
-		if _, err := fmt.Fprint(n.out, "\ncommands:\n"); err != nil {
+		if _, err := fmt.Fprint(n.out, "\nCommands:\n"); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}

command/node.go

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ package command
 import (
 	"flag"
 	"io"
+	"strings"
 )
 
-// A node represents a command.
 type node struct {
 	child, next *node
 	name, usage string
@@ -13,16 +13,13 @@ type node struct {
 	out  io.Writer
 	logf LogFunc
 
-	// Names of commands preceding node.
 	prefix []string
-	// Short user-facing representations of flags received by node.
+	suffix strings.Builder
-	suffix []string
 
 	f   HandlerFunc
 	set *flag.FlagSet
 }
 
-// adopt adds v as the last child of n.
 func (n *node) adopt(v *node) bool {
 	if n.child != nil {
 		return n.child.append(v)
@@ -31,7 +28,6 @@ func (n *node) adopt(v *node) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-// append adds v as the last sibling of n.
 func (n *node) append(v *node) bool {
 	if n.name == v.name {
 		return false

command/parse.go

@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ func (n *node) MustParse(arguments []string, handleError func(error)) {
 	case ErrEmptyTree:
 		os.Exit(1)
 	default:
-		flagError, ok := errors.AsType[FlagError](err)
+		var flagError FlagError
-		if !ok { // returned by HandlerFunc
+		if !errors.As(err, &flagError) { // returned by HandlerFunc
 			handleError(err)
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}

command/parse_test.go

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 			"d=0 out of order string flag",
 			buildTestCommand,
 			[]string{"string", "--string", "64d3b4b7b21788585845060e2199a78f"},
-			"flag provided but not defined: -string\nusage: test string [-h | --help] <command> [<args>]\n\n", "",
+			"flag provided but not defined: -string\n\nUsage:\ttest string [-h | --help] COMMAND [OPTIONS]\n\n", "",
 			errors.New("flag provided but not defined: -string"),
 		},
 		{
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 			"d=1 empty sub help",
 			buildTestCommand,
 			[]string{"empty", "-h"},
-			"usage: test empty [-h | --help] <command> [<args>]\n\n", "", flag.ErrHelp,
+			"\nUsage:\ttest empty [-h | --help] COMMAND [OPTIONS]\n\n", "", flag.ErrHelp,
 		},
 		{
 			"d=1 no match",
@@ -151,10 +151,10 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 			"d=0 help",
 			buildTestCommand,
 			[]string{},
-			`usage: test [-h | --help] [-v] [--fail] [--string <value>] [--int <int>]
+			`
-            [--repeat <value>] <command> [<args>]
+Usage:	test [-h | --help] [-v] [--fail] [--string <value>] [--int <int>] [--repeat <value>] COMMAND [OPTIONS]
 
-commands:
+Commands:
     error      return an error
     print      wraps Fprint
     string     print string passed by flag
@@ -171,10 +171,10 @@ commands:
 			"d=0 help flag",
 			buildTestCommand,
 			[]string{"-h"},
-			`usage: test [-h | --help] [-v] [--fail] [--string <value>] [--int <int>]
+			`
-            [--repeat <value>] <command> [<args>]
+Usage:	test [-h | --help] [-v] [--fail] [--string <value>] [--int <int>] [--repeat <value>] COMMAND [OPTIONS]
 
-commands:
+Commands:
     error      return an error
     print      wraps Fprint
     string     print string passed by flag
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ commands:
     succeed    this command succeeds
     deep       top level of command tree with various levels
 
-flags:
+Flags:
   -fail
     	fail early
   -int int
@@ -203,9 +203,10 @@ flags:
 			"d=1 help",
 			buildTestCommand,
 			[]string{"join"},
-			`usage: test join [-h | --help] <command> [<args>]
+			`
+Usage:	test join [-h | --help] COMMAND [OPTIONS]
 
-commands:
+Commands:
     out    write result to wout
     log    log result to wlog
 
@@ -215,9 +216,10 @@ commands:
 			"d=1 help flag",
 			buildTestCommand,
 			[]string{"join", "-h"},
-			`usage: test join [-h | --help] <command> [<args>]
+			`
+Usage:	test join [-h | --help] COMMAND [OPTIONS]
 
-commands:
+Commands:
     out    write result to wout
     log    log result to wlog
 
@@ -228,9 +230,10 @@ commands:
 			"d=2 help",
 			buildTestCommand,
 			[]string{"deep", "d=2"},
-			`usage: test deep d=2 [-h | --help] <command> [<args>]
+			`
+Usage:	test deep d=2 [-h | --help] COMMAND [OPTIONS]
 
-commands:
+Commands:
     d=3    relative third level
 
 `, "", command.ErrHelp,
@@ -239,9 +242,10 @@ commands:
 			"d=2 help flag",
 			buildTestCommand,
 			[]string{"deep", "d=2", "-h"},
-			`usage: test deep d=2 [-h | --help] <command> [<args>]
+			`
+Usage:	test deep d=2 [-h | --help] COMMAND [OPTIONS]
 
-commands:
+Commands:
     d=3    relative third level
 
 `, "", flag.ErrHelp,
@@ -257,7 +261,7 @@ commands:
 				t.Errorf("Parse: error = %v; wantErr %v", err, tc.wantErr)
 			}
 			if got := wout.String(); got != tc.want {
-				t.Errorf("Parse:\n%s\nwant\n%s", got, tc.want)
+				t.Errorf("Parse: %s want %s", got, tc.want)
 			}
 			if gotLog := wlog.String(); gotLog != tc.wantLog {
 				t.Errorf("Parse: log = %s wantLog %s", gotLog, tc.wantLog)

command/wrap.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package command
+
+// the top level node wants [Command] returned for its builder methods
+type rootNode struct{ *node }
+
+func (r rootNode) Command(name, usage string, f HandlerFunc) Command {
+	r.node.Command(name, usage, f)
+	return r
+}
+
+func (r rootNode) Flag(p any, name string, value FlagDefiner, usage string) Command {
+	r.node.Flag(p, name, value, usage)
+	return r
+}

container/binfmt.go

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-package container
-
-import (
-	"strings"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"hakurei.app/check"
-)
-
-// escapeBinfmt escapes magic/mask sequences in a [BinfmtEntry].
-func escapeBinfmt(buf *strings.Builder, s string) string {
-	const lowerhex = "0123456789abcdef"
-
-	buf.Reset()
-	for _, c := range unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(s), len(s)) {
-		switch c {
-		case 0, '\\', ':':
-			buf.WriteString(`\x`)
-			buf.WriteByte(lowerhex[c>>4])
-			buf.WriteByte(lowerhex[c&0xf])
-
-		default:
-			buf.WriteByte(c)
-		}
-	}
-	return buf.String()
-}
-
-// BinfmtEntry is an entry to be registered by the init process.
-type BinfmtEntry struct {
-	// The offset of the magic/mask in the file, counted in bytes.
-	Offset byte
-	// The byte sequence binfmt_misc is matching for.
-	Magic string
-	// An (optional, defaults to all 0xff) mask.
-	Mask string
-	// The program that should be invoked with the binary as first argument.
-	Interpreter *check.Absolute
-}
-
-// Valid returns whether e can be registered into the kernel.
-func (e *BinfmtEntry) Valid() bool {
-	return e != nil &&
-		int(e.Offset)+max(len(e.Magic), len(e.Mask)) < 128 &&
-		e.Interpreter != nil && len(e.Interpreter.String()) < 128
-}

container/binfmt_test.go

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-package container
-
-import (
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"hakurei.app/fhs"
-)
-
-func TestEscapeBinfmt(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCases := []struct {
-		name  string
-		magic string
-		want  string
-	}{
-		{"packed DOS applications", "\x0eDEX", "\x0eDEX"},
-
-		{"riscv64 magic",
-			"\x7fELF\x02\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\xf3\x00",
-			"\x7fELF\x02\x01\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\x02\\x00\xf3\\x00"},
-		{"riscv64 mask",
-			"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff",
-			"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff"},
-	}
-	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			got := escapeBinfmt(new(strings.Builder), tc.magic)
-			if got != tc.want {
-				t.Errorf("escapeBinfmt: %q, want %q", got, tc.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBinfmtEntry(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCases := []struct {
-		name  string
-		e     BinfmtEntry
-		valid bool
-	}{
-		{"zero", BinfmtEntry{}, false},
-		{"large offset", BinfmtEntry{Offset: 128}, false},
-		{"long magic", BinfmtEntry{Magic: strings.Repeat("\x00", 128)}, false},
-		{"long mask", BinfmtEntry{Mask: strings.Repeat("\x00", 128)}, false},
-		{"valid", BinfmtEntry{Interpreter: fhs.AbsRoot}, true},
-	}
-	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			if tc.e.Valid() != tc.valid {
-				t.Errorf("Valid: %v", !tc.valid)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

container/capability.go

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ const (
 	CAP_SETPCAP      = 0x8
 	CAP_NET_ADMIN    = 0xc
 	CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE = 0x1
-	CAP_SETFCAP      = 0x1f
 )
 
 type (

container/container.go

@@ -67,9 +67,6 @@ type (
 		// Copied to the underlying [exec.Cmd].
 		WaitDelay time.Duration
 
-		// Suppress verbose output of init.
-		Quiet bool
-
 		cmd *exec.Cmd
 		ctx context.Context
 		msg message.Msg
@@ -91,20 +88,12 @@ type (
 		// Time to wait for processes lingering after the initial process terminates.
 		AdoptWaitDelay time.Duration
 
-		// Map uid/gid 0 in the init process. Requires [FstypeProc] attached to
-		// [fhs.Proc] in the container filesystem.
-		InitAsRoot bool
 		// Mapped Uid in user namespace.
 		Uid int
 		// Mapped Gid in user namespace.
 		Gid int
 		// Hostname value in UTS namespace.
 		Hostname string
-		// Register binfmt_misc entries.
-		Binfmt []BinfmtEntry
-		// Alternative pathname to attach binfmt_misc filesystem. The zero value
-		// requires [FstypeProc] to be made available at [fhs.Proc].
-		BinfmtPath *check.Absolute
 		// Sequential container setup ops.
 		*Ops
 
@@ -154,8 +143,11 @@ func (e *StartError) Error() string {
 		return e.Step
 	}
 
-	if se, ok := errors.AsType[*os.SyscallError](e.Err); ok && se != nil {
+	{
-		return e.Step + " " + se.Error()
+		var syscallError *os.SyscallError
+		if errors.As(e.Err, &syscallError) && syscallError != nil {
+			return e.Step + " " + syscallError.Error()
+		}
 	}
 
 	return e.Step + ": " + e.Err.Error()
@@ -221,9 +213,6 @@ func (p *Container) Start() error {
 	if p.cmd.Process != nil {
 		return errors.New("container: already started")
 	}
-	if !p.InitAsRoot && len(p.Binfmt) > 0 {
-		return errors.New("container: init as root required, but not enabled")
-	}
 
 	if err := ensureCloseOnExec(); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -294,18 +283,6 @@ func (p *Container) Start() error {
 	if !p.HostNet {
 		p.cmd.SysProcAttr.Cloneflags |= CLONE_NEWNET
 	}
-	if p.InitAsRoot {
-		p.cmd.SysProcAttr.AmbientCaps = append(p.cmd.SysProcAttr.AmbientCaps,
-			// mappings during init as root
-			CAP_SETFCAP,
-		)
-
-		if !p.SeccompDisable &&
-			len(p.SeccompRules) == 0 &&
-			p.SeccompPresets&std.PresetDenyNS != 0 {
-			return errors.New("container: as root requires late namespace creation")
-		}
-	}
 
 	// place setup pipe before user supplied extra files, this is later restored by init
 	if r, w, err := os.Pipe(); err != nil {
@@ -365,6 +342,8 @@ func (p *Container) Start() error {
 						Err:    ENOSYS,
 						Origin: true,
 					}
+				} else {
+					p.msg.Verbosef("landlock abi version %d", abi)
 				}
 
 				if rulesetFd, err := rulesetAttr.Create(0); err != nil {
@@ -374,6 +353,7 @@ func (p *Container) Start() error {
 						Err:   err,
 					}
 				} else {
+					p.msg.Verbosef("enforcing landlock ruleset %s", rulesetAttr)
 					if err = landlock.RestrictSelf(rulesetFd, 0); err != nil {
 						_ = Close(rulesetFd)
 						return &StartError{
@@ -430,6 +410,7 @@ func (p *Container) Start() error {
 				}
 			}
 
+			p.msg.Verbose("starting container init")
 			if err := p.cmd.Start(); err != nil {
 				return &StartError{
 					Step:        "start container init",
@@ -500,6 +481,7 @@ func (p *Container) Serve() (err error) {
 			}
 
 		case <-done:
+			p.msg.Verbose("setup payload took", time.Since(t))
 			return
 		}
 	}(p.setup[1])
@@ -509,7 +491,7 @@ func (p *Container) Serve() (err error) {
 		Getuid(),
 		Getgid(),
 		len(p.ExtraFiles),
-		p.msg.IsVerbose() && !p.Quiet,
+		p.msg.IsVerbose(),
 	})
 }
 

container/container_test.go

@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
-	"unsafe"
 
 	"hakurei.app/check"
 	"hakurei.app/command"
@@ -235,9 +233,6 @@ func earlyMnt(mnt ...*vfs.MountInfoEntry) func(*testing.T, context.Context) []*v
 	return func(*testing.T, context.Context) []*vfs.MountInfoEntry { return mnt }
 }
 
-//go:linkname toHost hakurei.app/container.toHost
-func toHost(name string) string
-
 var containerTestCases = []struct {
 	name    string
 	filter  bool
@@ -337,15 +332,13 @@ var containerTestCases = []struct {
 		func(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context) []*vfs.MountInfoEntry {
 			return []*vfs.MountInfoEntry{
 				ent("/", hst.PrivateTmp, "rw", "overlay", "overlay",
-					"rw"+
+					"rw,lowerdir="+
-						",lowerdir+="+
+						container.InternalToHostOvlEscape(ctx.Value(testVal("lower0")).(*check.Absolute).String())+":"+
-						toHost(ctx.Value(testVal("lower0")).(*check.Absolute).String())+
+						container.InternalToHostOvlEscape(ctx.Value(testVal("lower1")).(*check.Absolute).String())+
-						",lowerdir+="+
-						toHost(ctx.Value(testVal("lower1")).(*check.Absolute).String())+
 						",upperdir="+
-						toHost(ctx.Value(testVal("upper")).(*check.Absolute).String())+
+						container.InternalToHostOvlEscape(ctx.Value(testVal("upper")).(*check.Absolute).String())+
 						",workdir="+
-						toHost(ctx.Value(testVal("work")).(*check.Absolute).String())+
+						container.InternalToHostOvlEscape(ctx.Value(testVal("work")).(*check.Absolute).String())+
 						",redirect_dir=nofollow,uuid=on,userxattr"),
 			}
 		},
@@ -395,11 +388,9 @@ var containerTestCases = []struct {
 		func(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context) []*vfs.MountInfoEntry {
 			return []*vfs.MountInfoEntry{
 				ent("/", hst.PrivateTmp, "rw", "overlay", "overlay",
-					"ro"+
+					"ro,lowerdir="+
-						",lowerdir+="+
+						container.InternalToHostOvlEscape(ctx.Value(testVal("lower0")).(*check.Absolute).String())+":"+
-						toHost(ctx.Value(testVal("lower0")).(*check.Absolute).String())+
+						container.InternalToHostOvlEscape(ctx.Value(testVal("lower1")).(*check.Absolute).String())+
-						",lowerdir+="+
-						toHost(ctx.Value(testVal("lower1")).(*check.Absolute).String())+
 						",redirect_dir=nofollow,userxattr"),
 			}
 		},
@@ -409,11 +400,39 @@ var containerTestCases = []struct {
 func TestContainer(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	var suffix string
+	t.Run("cancel", testContainerCancel(nil, func(t *testing.T, c *container.Container) {
-runTests:
+		wantErr := context.Canceled
+		wantExitCode := 0
+		if err := c.Wait(); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErr) {
+			if m, ok := container.InternalMessageFromError(err); ok {
+				t.Error(m)
+			}
+			t.Errorf("Wait: error = %#v, want %#v", err, wantErr)
+		}
+		if ps := c.ProcessState(); ps == nil {
+			t.Errorf("ProcessState unexpectedly returned nil")
+		} else if code := ps.ExitCode(); code != wantExitCode {
+			t.Errorf("ExitCode: %d, want %d", code, wantExitCode)
+		}
+	}))
+
+	t.Run("forward", testContainerCancel(func(c *container.Container) {
+		c.ForwardCancel = true
+	}, func(t *testing.T, c *container.Container) {
+		var exitError *exec.ExitError
+		if err := c.Wait(); !errors.As(err, &exitError) {
+			if m, ok := container.InternalMessageFromError(err); ok {
+				t.Error(m)
+			}
+			t.Errorf("Wait: error = %v", err)
+		}
+		if code := exitError.ExitCode(); code != blockExitCodeInterrupt {
+			t.Errorf("ExitCode: %d, want %d", code, blockExitCodeInterrupt)
+		}
+	}))
+
 	for i, tc := range containerTestCases {
-		_suffix := suffix
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Run(tc.name+_suffix, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 
 			wantOps, wantOpsCtx := tc.ops(t)
@@ -437,8 +456,6 @@ runTests:
 			c.SeccompDisable = !tc.filter
 			c.RetainSession = tc.session
 			c.HostNet = tc.net
-			c.InitAsRoot = _suffix != ""
-			c.Env = append(c.Env, "HAKUREI_TEST_SUFFIX="+_suffix)
 			if info.CanDegrade {
 				if _, err := landlock.GetABI(); err != nil {
 					if !errors.Is(err, syscall.ENOSYS) {
@@ -448,9 +465,6 @@ runTests:
 					t.Log("Landlock LSM is unavailable, enabling HostAbstract")
 				}
 			}
-			if c.InitAsRoot {
-				c.SeccompPresets &= ^std.PresetDenyNS
-			}
 
 			c.
 				Readonly(check.MustAbs(pathReadonly), 0755).
@@ -519,11 +533,6 @@ runTests:
 			}
 		})
 	}
-
-	if suffix == "" {
-		suffix = " as root"
-		goto runTests
-	}
 }
 
 func ent(root, target, vfsOptstr, fsType, source, fsOptstr string) *vfs.MountInfoEntry {
@@ -546,118 +555,49 @@ func hostnameFromTestCase(name string) string {
 }
 
 func testContainerCancel(
-	t *testing.T,
 	containerExtra func(c *container.Container),
-	waitCheck func(ps *os.ProcessState, waitErr error),
+	waitCheck func(t *testing.T, c *container.Container),
-) {
+) func(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+	return func(t *testing.T) {
-
-	c := helperNewContainer(ctx, "block")
-	c.Stdout, c.Stderr = os.Stdout, os.Stderr
-	if containerExtra != nil {
-		containerExtra(c)
-	}
-
-	ready := make(chan struct{})
-	var waitErr error
-	r, w, err := os.Pipe()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("cannot pipe: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	c.ExtraFiles = append(c.ExtraFiles, w)
-	go func() {
-		defer close(ready)
-		if _, _err := r.Read(make([]byte, 1)); _err != nil {
-			panic(_err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	if err = c.Start(); err != nil {
-		if m, ok := container.InternalMessageFromError(err); ok {
-			t.Fatal(m)
-		} else {
-			t.Fatalf("cannot start container: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	done := make(chan struct{})
-	go func() {
-		defer close(done)
-		waitErr = c.Wait()
-		_ = r.SetReadDeadline(time.Now())
-	}()
-
-	if err = c.Serve(); err != nil {
-		if m, ok := container.InternalMessageFromError(err); ok {
-			t.Error(m)
-		} else {
-			t.Errorf("cannot serve setup params: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-	<-ready
-	cancel()
-	<-done
-	waitCheck(c.ProcessState(), waitErr)
-}
-
-func TestForward(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	f := func(ps *os.ProcessState, waitErr error) {
-		var exitError *exec.ExitError
-		if !errors.As(waitErr, &exitError) {
-			if m, ok := container.InternalMessageFromError(waitErr); ok {
-				t.Error(m)
-			}
-			t.Errorf("Wait: error = %v", waitErr)
-		}
-		if code := exitError.ExitCode(); code != blockExitCodeInterrupt {
-			t.Errorf("ExitCode: %d, want %d", code, blockExitCodeInterrupt)
-		}
-	}
-	t.Run("direct", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()
-		testContainerCancel(t, func(c *container.Container) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
-			c.ForwardCancel = true
-		}, f)
-	})
-	t.Run("as root", func(t *testing.T) {
-		testContainerCancel(t, func(c *container.Container) {
-			c.ForwardCancel = true
-			c.InitAsRoot = true
-			c.Proc(fhs.AbsProc)
-		}, f)
-	})
-}
 
-func TestCancel(t *testing.T) {
+		c := helperNewContainer(ctx, "block")
-	t.Parallel()
+		c.Stdout, c.Stderr = os.Stdout, os.Stderr
+		if containerExtra != nil {
+			containerExtra(c)
+		}
 
-	f := func(ps *os.ProcessState, waitErr error) {
+		ready := make(chan struct{})
-		wantErr := context.Canceled
+		if r, w, err := os.Pipe(); err != nil {
-		if !reflect.DeepEqual(waitErr, wantErr) {
+			t.Fatalf("cannot pipe: %v", err)
-			if m, ok := container.InternalMessageFromError(waitErr); ok {
+		} else {
+			c.ExtraFiles = append(c.ExtraFiles, w)
+			go func() {
+				defer close(ready)
+				if _, err = r.Read(make([]byte, 1)); err != nil {
+					panic(err.Error())
+				}
+			}()
+		}
+
+		if err := c.Start(); err != nil {
+			if m, ok := container.InternalMessageFromError(err); ok {
+				t.Fatal(m)
+			} else {
+				t.Fatalf("cannot start container: %v", err)
+			}
+		} else if err = c.Serve(); err != nil {
+			if m, ok := container.InternalMessageFromError(err); ok {
 				t.Error(m)
+			} else {
+				t.Errorf("cannot serve setup params: %v", err)
 			}
-			t.Errorf("Wait: error = %#v, want %#v", waitErr, wantErr)
-		}
-		if ps == nil {
-			t.Errorf("ProcessState unexpectedly returned nil")
-		} else if code := ps.ExitCode(); code != 0 {
-			t.Errorf("ExitCode: %d, want %d", code, 0)
 		}
+		<-ready
+		cancel()
+		waitCheck(t, c)
 	}
-	t.Run("direct", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-		testContainerCancel(t, nil, f)
-	})
-	t.Run("as root", func(t *testing.T) {
-		testContainerCancel(t, func(c *container.Container) {
-			c.InitAsRoot = true
-			c.Proc(fhs.AbsProc)
-		}, f)
-	})
 }
 
 func TestContainerString(t *testing.T) {
@@ -693,8 +633,6 @@ func init() {
 		})
 
 		c.Command("container", command.UsageInternal, func(args []string) error {
-			asRoot := os.Getenv("HAKUREI_TEST_SUFFIX") == " as root"
-
 			if len(args) != 1 {
 				return syscall.EINVAL
 			}
@@ -712,66 +650,6 @@ func init() {
 				return fmt.Errorf("gid: %d, want %d", gid, tc.gid)
 			}
 
-			// no attack surface increase during as root due to no_new_privs
-			var wantBounding uintptr = 1
-			asRootNot := " not"
-			if !asRoot {
-				wantBounding = 0
-				asRootNot = ""
-			}
-
-			const (
-				PR_CAP_AMBIENT        = 0x2f
-				PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET = 0x1
-			)
-			for i := range container.LastCap(nil) + 1 {
-				r, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(
-					syscall.SYS_PRCTL,
-					PR_CAP_AMBIENT,
-					PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET,
-					i,
-				)
-				if errno != 0 {
-					return os.NewSyscallError("prctl", errno)
-				}
-				if r != 0 {
-					return fmt.Errorf("capability %d in ambient set", i)
-				}
-
-				r, _, errno = syscall.Syscall(
-					syscall.SYS_PRCTL,
-					syscall.PR_CAPBSET_READ,
-					i,
-					0,
-				)
-				if errno != 0 {
-					return os.NewSyscallError("prctl", errno)
-				}
-				if r != wantBounding {
-					return fmt.Errorf("capability %d%s in bounding set", i, asRootNot)
-				}
-			}
-
-			const _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3 = 0x20080522
-			var capData struct {
-				effective   uint32
-				permitted   uint32
-				inheritable uint32
-			}
-			if _, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_CAPGET, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&struct {
-				version uint32
-				pid     int32
-			}{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0})), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&capData)), 0); errno != 0 {
-				return os.NewSyscallError("capget", errno)
-			}
-
-			if max(capData.effective, capData.permitted, capData.inheritable) != 0 {
-				return fmt.Errorf(
-					"effective = %d, permitted = %d, inheritable = %d",
-					capData.effective, capData.permitted, capData.inheritable,
-				)
-			}
-
 			wantHost := hostnameFromTestCase(tc.name)
 			if host, err := os.Hostname(); err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("cannot get hostname: %v", err)
@@ -889,7 +767,7 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 		}
 		c.MustParse(os.Args[1:], func(err error) {
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Fatal(err)
+				log.Fatal(err.Error())
 			}
 		})
 		return

container/dispatcher.go

@@ -65,8 +65,6 @@ type syscallDispatcher interface {
 	remount(msg message.Msg, target string, flags uintptr) error
 	// mountTmpfs provides mountTmpfs.
 	mountTmpfs(fsname, target string, flags uintptr, size int, perm os.FileMode) error
-	// mountOverlay provides mountOverlay.
-	mountOverlay(target string, options [][2]string) error
 	// ensureFile provides ensureFile.
 	ensureFile(name string, perm, pperm os.FileMode) error
 	// mustLoopback provides mustLoopback.
@@ -171,9 +169,6 @@ func (direct) remount(msg message.Msg, target string, flags uintptr) error {
 func (k direct) mountTmpfs(fsname, target string, flags uintptr, size int, perm os.FileMode) error {
 	return mountTmpfs(k, fsname, target, flags, size, perm)
 }
-func (k direct) mountOverlay(target string, options [][2]string) error {
-	return mountOverlay(target, options)
-}
 func (direct) ensureFile(name string, perm, pperm os.FileMode) error {
 	return ensureFile(name, perm, pperm)
 }

container/dispatcher_test.go

@@ -235,6 +235,8 @@ func checkOpBehaviour(t *testing.T, testCases []opBehaviourTestCase) {
 	})
 }
 
+func sliceAddr[S any](s []S) *[]S { return &s }
+
 func newCheckedFile(t *testing.T, name, wantData string, closeErr error) osFile {
 	f := &checkedOsFile{t: t, name: name, want: wantData, closeErr: closeErr}
 	// check happens in Close, and cleanup is not guaranteed to run, so relying
@@ -466,14 +468,6 @@ func (k *kstub) mountTmpfs(fsname, target string, flags uintptr, size int, perm
 		stub.CheckArg(k.Stub, "perm", perm, 4))
 }
 
-func (k *kstub) mountOverlay(target string, options [][2]string) error {
-	k.Helper()
-	return k.Expects("mountOverlay").Error(
-		stub.CheckArg(k.Stub, "target", target, 0),
-		stub.CheckArgReflect(k.Stub, "options", options, 1),
-	)
-}
-
 func (k *kstub) ensureFile(name string, perm, pperm os.FileMode) error {
 	k.Helper()
 	return k.Expects("ensureFile").Error(

container/errors.go

@@ -46,8 +46,9 @@ func messageFromError(err error) (m string, ok bool) {
 // While this is usable for pointer errors, such use should be avoided as nil
 // check is omitted.
 func messagePrefix[T error](prefix string, err error) (string, bool) {
-	if e, ok := errors.AsType[T](err); ok {
+	var targetError T
-		return prefix + e.Error(), true
+	if errors.As(err, &targetError) {
+		return prefix + targetError.Error(), true
 	}
 	return zeroString, false
 }
@@ -57,8 +58,9 @@ func messagePrefixP[V any, T interface {
 	*V
 	error
 }](prefix string, err error) (string, bool) {
-	if e, ok := errors.AsType[T](err); ok && e != nil {
+	var targetError T
-		return prefix + e.Error(), true
+	if errors.As(err, &targetError) && targetError != nil {
+		return prefix + targetError.Error(), true
 	}
 	return zeroString, false
 }
@@ -107,8 +109,8 @@ func optionalErrorUnwrap(err error) error {
 
 // errnoFallback returns the concrete errno from an error, or a [os.PathError] fallback.
 func errnoFallback(op, path string, err error) (syscall.Errno, *os.PathError) {
-	errno, ok := errors.AsType[syscall.Errno](err)
+	var errno syscall.Errno
-	if !ok {
+	if !errors.As(err, &errno) {
 		return 0, &os.PathError{Op: op, Path: path, Err: err}
 	}
 	return errno, nil
@@ -116,10 +118,6 @@ func errnoFallback(op, path string, err error) (syscall.Errno, *os.PathError) {
 
 // mount wraps syscall.Mount for error handling.
 func mount(source, target, fstype string, flags uintptr, data string) error {
-	if max(len(source), len(target), len(data))+1 > os.Getpagesize() {
-		return &MountError{source, target, fstype, flags, data, syscall.ENOMEM}
-	}
-
 	err := syscall.Mount(source, target, fstype, flags, data)
 	if err == nil {
 		return nil

container/init.go

@@ -11,13 +11,11 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	. "syscall"
 	"time"
 
-	"hakurei.app/check"
 	"hakurei.app/container/seccomp"
 	"hakurei.app/ext"
 	"hakurei.app/fhs"
@@ -184,33 +182,23 @@ func initEntrypoint(k syscallDispatcher, msg message.Msg) {
 		cancel()
 	}
 
-	uid, gid := param.Uid, param.Gid
-	if param.InitAsRoot {
-		uid, gid = 0, 0
-	}
-
 	// write uid/gid map here so parent does not need to set dumpable
 	if err := k.setDumpable(ext.SUID_DUMP_USER); err != nil {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "cannot set SUID_DUMP_USER: %v", err)
 	}
-	if err := k.writeFile(
+	if err := k.writeFile(fhs.Proc+"self/uid_map",
-		fhs.Proc+"self/uid_map",
+		append([]byte{}, strconv.Itoa(param.Uid)+" "+strconv.Itoa(param.HostUid)+" 1\n"...),
-		[]byte(strconv.Itoa(uid)+" "+strconv.Itoa(param.HostUid)+" 1\n"),
+		0); err != nil {
-		0,
-	); err != nil {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "%v", err)
 	}
-	if err := k.writeFile(
+	if err := k.writeFile(fhs.Proc+"self/setgroups",
-		fhs.Proc+"self/setgroups",
 		[]byte("deny\n"),
-		0,
+		0); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-	); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "%v", err)
 	}
 	if err := k.writeFile(fhs.Proc+"self/gid_map",
-		[]byte(strconv.Itoa(gid)+" "+strconv.Itoa(param.HostGid)+" 1\n"),
+		append([]byte{}, strconv.Itoa(param.Gid)+" "+strconv.Itoa(param.HostGid)+" 1\n"...),
-		0,
+		0); err != nil {
-	); err != nil {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "%v", err)
 	}
 	if err := k.setDumpable(ext.SUID_DUMP_DISABLE); err != nil {
@@ -235,23 +223,6 @@ func initEntrypoint(k syscallDispatcher, msg message.Msg) {
 	state := &setupState{process: make(map[int]WaitStatus), Params: &param.Params, Msg: msg, Context: ctx}
 	defer cancel()
 
-	if err := k.mount(SourceTmpfsRootfs, intermediateHostPath, FstypeTmpfs, MS_NODEV|MS_NOSUID, zeroString); err != nil {
-		k.fatalf(msg, "cannot mount intermediate root: %v", optionalErrorUnwrap(err))
-	}
-	if err := k.chdir(intermediateHostPath); err != nil {
-		k.fatalf(msg, "cannot enter intermediate host path: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if len(param.Binfmt) > 0 {
-		for i, e := range param.Binfmt {
-			if pathname, err := k.evalSymlinks(e.Interpreter.String()); err != nil {
-				k.fatal(msg, err)
-			} else if param.Binfmt[i].Interpreter, err = check.NewAbs(pathname); err != nil {
-				k.fatal(msg, err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	/* early is called right before pivot_root into intermediate root;
 	this step is mostly for gathering information that would otherwise be
 	difficult to obtain via library functions after pivot_root, and
@@ -271,6 +242,13 @@ func initEntrypoint(k syscallDispatcher, msg message.Msg) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if err := k.mount(SourceTmpfsRootfs, intermediateHostPath, FstypeTmpfs, MS_NODEV|MS_NOSUID, zeroString); err != nil {
+		k.fatalf(msg, "cannot mount intermediate root: %v", optionalErrorUnwrap(err))
+	}
+	if err := k.chdir(intermediateHostPath); err != nil {
+		k.fatalf(msg, "cannot enter intermediate host path: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	if err := k.mkdir(sysrootDir, 0755); err != nil {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "%v", err)
 	}
@@ -307,48 +285,6 @@ func initEntrypoint(k syscallDispatcher, msg message.Msg) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if len(param.Binfmt) > 0 {
-		const interpreter = "/interpreter"
-
-		if param.BinfmtPath == nil {
-			param.BinfmtPath = fhs.AbsProcSys.Append("fs/binfmt_misc")
-		}
-		binfmt := sysrootPath + param.BinfmtPath.String()
-		if err := k.mkdirAll(binfmt, 0); err != nil {
-			k.fatal(msg, err)
-		}
-		if err := k.mount(
-			SourceBinfmtMisc,
-			binfmt,
-			FstypeBinfmtMisc,
-			MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV,
-			zeroString,
-		); err != nil {
-			k.fatal(msg, err)
-		}
-
-		var buf strings.Builder
-		buf.Grow(1920)
-
-		register := binfmt + "/register"
-		for i, e := range param.Binfmt {
-			if err := k.symlink(hostPath+e.Interpreter.String(), interpreter); err != nil {
-				k.fatal(msg, err)
-			} else if err = k.writeFile(register, []byte(":"+
-				strconv.Itoa(i)+":"+
-				"M:"+
-				strconv.Itoa(int(e.Offset))+":"+
-				escapeBinfmt(&buf, e.Magic)+":"+
-				escapeBinfmt(&buf, e.Mask)+":"+
-				interpreter+":"+
-				"F"), 0); err != nil {
-				k.fatal(msg, err)
-			} else if err = k.remove(interpreter); err != nil {
-				k.fatal(msg, err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	// setup requiring host root complete at this point
 	if err := k.mount(hostDir, hostDir, zeroString, MS_SILENT|MS_REC|MS_PRIVATE, zeroString); err != nil {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "cannot make host root rprivate: %v", optionalErrorUnwrap(err))
@@ -387,19 +323,11 @@ func initEntrypoint(k syscallDispatcher, msg message.Msg) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	var keepCaps []uintptr
-	if param.Privileged {
-		keepCaps = append(keepCaps, CAP_SYS_ADMIN, CAP_SETPCAP)
-	}
-	if param.InitAsRoot {
-		keepCaps = append(keepCaps, CAP_SETFCAP)
-	}
-
 	if err := k.capAmbientClearAll(); err != nil {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "cannot clear the ambient capability set: %v", err)
 	}
-	for i := range lastcap + 1 {
+	for i := uintptr(0); i <= lastcap; i++ {
-		if slices.Contains(keepCaps, i) {
+		if param.Privileged && i == CAP_SYS_ADMIN {
 			continue
 		}
 		if err := k.capBoundingSetDrop(i); err != nil {
@@ -408,23 +336,20 @@ func initEntrypoint(k syscallDispatcher, msg message.Msg) {
 	}
 
 	var keep [2]uint32
-	for _, c := range keepCaps {
+	if param.Privileged {
-		keep[capToIndex(c)] |= capToMask(c)
+		keep[capToIndex(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)] |= capToMask(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)
-	}
 
+		if err := k.capAmbientRaise(CAP_SYS_ADMIN); err != nil {
+			k.fatalf(msg, "cannot raise CAP_SYS_ADMIN: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
 	if err := k.capset(
 		&capHeader{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0},
-		&[2]capData{{keep[0], keep[0], keep[0]}, {keep[1], keep[1], keep[1]}},
+		&[2]capData{{0, keep[0], keep[0]}, {0, keep[1], keep[1]}},
 	); err != nil {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "cannot capset: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	for _, c := range keepCaps {
-		if err := k.capAmbientRaise(c); err != nil {
-			k.fatalf(msg, "cannot raise %#x: %v", c, err)
-		}
-	}
-
 	if !param.SeccompDisable {
 		rules := param.SeccompRules
 		if len(rules) == 0 { // non-empty rules slice always overrides presets
@@ -549,14 +474,6 @@ func initEntrypoint(k syscallDispatcher, msg message.Msg) {
 	cmd.ExtraFiles = extraFiles
 	cmd.Dir = param.Dir.String()
 
-	if param.InitAsRoot {
-		cmd.SysProcAttr = &SysProcAttr{
-			Cloneflags:  CLONE_NEWUSER,
-			UidMappings: []SysProcIDMap{{ContainerID: param.Uid, HostID: 0, Size: 1}},
-			GidMappings: []SysProcIDMap{{ContainerID: param.Gid, HostID: 0, Size: 1}},
-		}
-	}
-
 	msg.Verbosef("starting initial process %s", param.Path)
 	if err := k.start(cmd); err != nil {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "%v", err)

container/init_test.go

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 					Uid:            1 << 16,
 					Gid:            1 << 15,
 					Hostname:       "hakurei-check",
-					Ops:            new(make(Ops, 1)),
+					Ops:            (*Ops)(sliceAddr(make(Ops, 1))),
 					SeccompRules:   make([]std.NativeRule, 0),
 					SeccompPresets: std.PresetStrict,
 					RetainSession:  true,
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 					Uid:            1 << 16,
 					Gid:            1 << 15,
 					Hostname:       "hakurei-check",
-					Ops:            new(make(Ops, 1)),
+					Ops:            (*Ops)(sliceAddr(make(Ops, 1))),
 					SeccompRules:   make([]std.NativeRule, 0),
 					SeccompPresets: std.PresetStrict,
 					RetainSession:  true,
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 					Uid:            1 << 16,
 					Gid:            1 << 15,
 					Hostname:       "hakurei-check",
-					Ops:            new(make(Ops, 1)),
+					Ops:            (*Ops)(sliceAddr(make(Ops, 1))),
 					SeccompRules:   make([]std.NativeRule, 0),
 					SeccompPresets: std.PresetStrict,
 					RetainSession:  true,
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 					Uid:            1 << 16,
 					Gid:            1 << 15,
 					Hostname:       "hakurei-check",
-					Ops:            new(make(Ops, 1)),
+					Ops:            (*Ops)(sliceAddr(make(Ops, 1))),
 					SeccompRules:   make([]std.NativeRule, 0),
 					SeccompPresets: std.PresetStrict,
 					RetainSession:  true,
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 					Uid:            1 << 16,
 					Gid:            1 << 15,
 					Hostname:       "hakurei-check",
-					Ops:            new(make(Ops, 1)),
+					Ops:            (*Ops)(sliceAddr(make(Ops, 1))),
 					SeccompRules:   make([]std.NativeRule, 0),
 					SeccompPresets: std.PresetStrict,
 					RetainSession:  true,
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 					Uid:            1 << 16,
 					Gid:            1 << 15,
 					Hostname:       "hakurei-check",
-					Ops:            new(make(Ops, 1)),
+					Ops:            (*Ops)(sliceAddr(make(Ops, 1))),
 					SeccompRules:   make([]std.NativeRule, 0),
 					SeccompPresets: std.PresetStrict,
 					RetainSession:  true,
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 					Uid:            1 << 16,
 					Gid:            1 << 15,
 					Hostname:       "hakurei-check",
-					Ops:            new(make(Ops, 1)),
+					Ops:            (*Ops)(sliceAddr(make(Ops, 1))),
 					SeccompRules:   make([]std.NativeRule, 0),
 					SeccompPresets: std.PresetStrict,
 					RetainSession:  true,
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 					Uid:            1 << 16,
 					Gid:            1 << 15,
 					Hostname:       "hakurei-check",
-					Ops:            new(make(Ops, 1)),
+					Ops:            (*Ops)(sliceAddr(make(Ops, 1))),
 					SeccompRules:   make([]std.NativeRule, 0),
 					SeccompPresets: std.PresetStrict,
 					RetainSession:  true,
@@ -332,8 +332,6 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"invalid op at index %d", []any{0}}, nil, nil),
 				/* end early */
@@ -372,8 +370,6 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"invalid op at index %d", []any{0}}, nil, nil),
 				/* end early */
@@ -412,8 +408,6 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", stub.UniqueError(61)),
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"cannot prepare op at index %d: %v", []any{0, stub.UniqueError(61)}}, nil, nil),
@@ -453,8 +447,6 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", &os.PathError{Op: "readlink", Path: "/", Err: stub.UniqueError(60)}),
 				call("fatal", stub.ExpectArgs{[]any{"cannot readlink /: unique error 60 injected by the test suite"}}, nil, nil),
@@ -494,6 +486,9 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				/* begin early */
+				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
+				/* end early */
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, stub.UniqueError(58)),
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"cannot mount intermediate root: %v", []any{stub.UniqueError(58)}}, nil, nil),
 			},
@@ -531,6 +526,9 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				/* begin early */
+				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
+				/* end early */
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, stub.UniqueError(56)),
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"cannot enter intermediate host path: %v", []any{stub.UniqueError(56)}}, nil, nil),
@@ -569,11 +567,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, stub.UniqueError(54)),
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"%v", []any{stub.UniqueError(54)}}, nil, nil),
 			},
@@ -611,11 +609,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, stub.UniqueError(52)),
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"cannot bind sysroot: %v", []any{stub.UniqueError(52)}}, nil, nil),
@@ -654,11 +652,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, stub.UniqueError(50)),
@@ -698,11 +696,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -743,11 +741,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -789,11 +787,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -844,11 +842,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -899,11 +897,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -955,11 +953,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1012,11 +1010,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1071,11 +1069,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1131,11 +1129,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1192,11 +1190,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1254,11 +1252,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1317,11 +1315,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1381,11 +1379,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1446,11 +1444,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1512,11 +1510,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1586,11 +1584,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1624,6 +1622,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x5)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x6)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x7)}, nil, nil),
+				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x8)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x9)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0xa)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0xb)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1655,9 +1654,8 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x26)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x27)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x28)}, nil, nil),
-				call("capset", stub.ExpectArgs{&capHeader{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0}, &[2]capData{{0x200100, 0x200100, 0x200100}, {0, 0, 0}}}, nil, nil),
 				call("capAmbientRaise", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x15)}, nil, stub.UniqueError(19)),
-				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"cannot raise %#x: %v", []any{uintptr(0x15), stub.UniqueError(19)}}, nil, nil),
+				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"cannot raise CAP_SYS_ADMIN: %v", []any{stub.UniqueError(19)}}, nil, nil),
 			},
 		}, nil},
 
@@ -1693,11 +1691,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1731,6 +1729,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x5)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x6)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x7)}, nil, nil),
+				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x8)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x9)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0xa)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0xb)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1762,7 +1761,8 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x26)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x27)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x28)}, nil, nil),
-				call("capset", stub.ExpectArgs{&capHeader{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0}, &[2]capData{{0x200100, 0x200100, 0x200100}, {0, 0, 0}}}, nil, stub.UniqueError(17)),
+				call("capAmbientRaise", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x15)}, nil, nil),
+				call("capset", stub.ExpectArgs{&capHeader{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0}, &[2]capData{{0, 0x200000, 0x200000}, {0, 0, 0}}}, nil, stub.UniqueError(17)),
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"cannot capset: %v", []any{stub.UniqueError(17)}}, nil, nil),
 			},
 		}, nil},
@@ -1799,11 +1799,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1837,6 +1837,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x5)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x6)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x7)}, nil, nil),
+				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x8)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x9)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0xa)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0xb)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1868,9 +1869,8 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x26)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x27)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x28)}, nil, nil),
-				call("capset", stub.ExpectArgs{&capHeader{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0}, &[2]capData{{0x200100, 0x200100, 0x200100}, {0, 0, 0}}}, nil, nil),
 				call("capAmbientRaise", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x15)}, nil, nil),
-				call("capAmbientRaise", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x8)}, nil, nil),
+				call("capset", stub.ExpectArgs{&capHeader{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0}, &[2]capData{{0, 0x200000, 0x200000}, {0, 0, 0}}}, nil, nil),
 				call("verbosef", stub.ExpectArgs{"resolving presets %#x", []any{std.FilterPreset(0xf)}}, nil, nil),
 				call("seccompLoad", stub.ExpectArgs{seccomp.Preset(0xf, 0), seccomp.ExportFlag(0)}, nil, stub.UniqueError(15)),
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"cannot load syscall filter: %v", []any{stub.UniqueError(15)}}, nil, nil),
@@ -1908,11 +1908,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2032,11 +2032,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(4), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2132,11 +2132,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(4), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2232,11 +2232,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(4), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2323,11 +2323,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(4), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2418,11 +2418,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(4), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2520,11 +2520,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2659,11 +2659,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2697,6 +2697,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x5)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x6)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x7)}, nil, nil),
+				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x8)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x9)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0xa)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0xb)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2728,9 +2729,8 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x26)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x27)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x28)}, nil, nil),
-				call("capset", stub.ExpectArgs{&capHeader{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0}, &[2]capData{{0x200100, 0x200100, 0x200100}, {0, 0, 0}}}, nil, nil),
 				call("capAmbientRaise", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x15)}, nil, nil),
-				call("capAmbientRaise", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x8)}, nil, nil),
+				call("capset", stub.ExpectArgs{&capHeader{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0}, &[2]capData{{0, 0x200000, 0x200000}, {0, 0, 0}}}, nil, nil),
 				call("verbosef", stub.ExpectArgs{"resolving presets %#x", []any{std.FilterPreset(0xf)}}, nil, nil),
 				call("seccompLoad", stub.ExpectArgs{seccomp.Preset(0xf, 0), seccomp.ExportFlag(0)}, nil, nil),
 				call("verbosef", stub.ExpectArgs{"%d filter rules loaded", []any{73}}, nil, nil),

container/initoverlay.go

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import (
 	"encoding/gob"
 	"fmt"
 	"slices"
+	"strings"
 
 	"hakurei.app/check"
-	"hakurei.app/ext"
 	"hakurei.app/fhs"
 )
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func (o *MountOverlayOp) early(_ *setupState, k syscallDispatcher) error {
 			if v, err := k.evalSymlinks(o.Upper.String()); err != nil {
 				return err
 			} else {
-				o.upper = toHost(v)
+				o.upper = check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(toHost(v))
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ func (o *MountOverlayOp) early(_ *setupState, k syscallDispatcher) error {
 			if v, err := k.evalSymlinks(o.Work.String()); err != nil {
 				return err
 			} else {
-				o.work = toHost(v)
+				o.work = check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(toHost(v))
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -168,39 +168,12 @@ func (o *MountOverlayOp) early(_ *setupState, k syscallDispatcher) error {
 		if v, err := k.evalSymlinks(a.String()); err != nil {
 			return err
 		} else {
-			o.lower[i] = toHost(v)
+			o.lower[i] = check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(toHost(v))
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-// mountOverlay sets up an overlay mount via [ext.FS].
-func mountOverlay(target string, options [][2]string) error {
-	fs, err := ext.OpenFS(SourceOverlay, 0)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err = fs.SetString("source", SourceOverlay); err != nil {
-		_ = fs.Close()
-		return err
-	}
-	for _, option := range options {
-		if err = fs.SetString(option[0], option[1]); err != nil {
-			_ = fs.Close()
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	if err = fs.SetFlag(OptionOverlayUserxattr); err != nil {
-		_ = fs.Close()
-		return err
-	}
-	if err = fs.Mount(target, 0); err != nil {
-		_ = fs.Close()
-		return err
-	}
-	return fs.Close()
-}
-
 func (o *MountOverlayOp) apply(state *setupState, k syscallDispatcher) error {
 	target := o.Target.String()
 	if !o.noPrefix {
@@ -221,7 +194,7 @@ func (o *MountOverlayOp) apply(state *setupState, k syscallDispatcher) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	options := make([][2]string, 0, 2+len(o.lower))
+	options := make([]string, 0, 4)
 
 	if o.upper == zeroString && o.work == zeroString { // readonly
 		if len(o.Lower) < 2 {
@@ -232,16 +205,15 @@ func (o *MountOverlayOp) apply(state *setupState, k syscallDispatcher) error {
 		if len(o.Lower) == 0 {
 			return &OverlayArgumentError{OverlayEmptyLower, zeroString}
 		}
-		options = append(options, [][2]string{
+		options = append(options,
-			{OptionOverlayUpperdir, o.upper},
+			OptionOverlayUpperdir+"="+o.upper,
-			{OptionOverlayWorkdir, o.work},
+			OptionOverlayWorkdir+"="+o.work)
-		}...)
-	}
-	for _, lower := range o.lower {
-		options = append(options, [2]string{OptionOverlayLowerdir + "+", lower})
 	}
+	options = append(options,
+		OptionOverlayLowerdir+"="+strings.Join(o.lower, check.SpecialOverlayPath),
+		OptionOverlayUserxattr)
 
-	return k.mountOverlay(target, options)
+	return k.mount(SourceOverlay, target, FstypeOverlay, 0, strings.Join(options, check.SpecialOverlayOption))
 }
 
 func (o *MountOverlayOp) late(*setupState, syscallDispatcher) error { return nil }

container/initoverlay_test.go

@@ -97,12 +97,13 @@ func TestMountOverlayOp(t *testing.T) {
 			call("mkdirAll", stub.ExpectArgs{"/sysroot", os.FileMode(0705)}, nil, nil),
 			call("mkdirTemp", stub.ExpectArgs{"/", "overlay.upper.*"}, "overlay.upper.32768", nil),
 			call("mkdirTemp", stub.ExpectArgs{"/", "overlay.work.*"}, "overlay.work.32768", nil),
-			call("mountOverlay", stub.ExpectArgs{"/sysroot", [][2]string{
+			call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"overlay", "/sysroot", "overlay", uintptr(0), "" +
-				{"upperdir", "overlay.upper.32768"},
+				"upperdir=overlay.upper.32768," +
-				{"workdir", "overlay.work.32768"},
+				"workdir=overlay.work.32768," +
-				{"lowerdir+", `/host/var/lib/planterette/base/debian:f92c9052`},
+				"lowerdir=" +
-				{"lowerdir+", `/host/var/lib/planterette/app/org.chromium.Chromium@debian:f92c9052`},
+				`/host/var/lib/planterette/base/debian\:f92c9052:` +
-			}}, nil, nil),
+				`/host/var/lib/planterette/app/org.chromium.Chromium@debian\:f92c9052,` +
+				"userxattr"}, nil, nil),
 		}, nil},
 
 		{"short lower ro", &Params{ParentPerm: 0755}, &MountOverlayOp{
@@ -128,10 +129,11 @@ func TestMountOverlayOp(t *testing.T) {
 			call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/mnt-root/nix/.ro-store0"}, "/mnt-root/nix/.ro-store0", nil),
 		}, nil, []stub.Call{
 			call("mkdirAll", stub.ExpectArgs{"/nix/store", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
-			call("mountOverlay", stub.ExpectArgs{"/nix/store", [][2]string{
+			call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"overlay", "/nix/store", "overlay", uintptr(0), "" +
-				{"lowerdir+", "/host/mnt-root/nix/.ro-store"},
+				"lowerdir=" +
-				{"lowerdir+", "/host/mnt-root/nix/.ro-store0"},
+				"/host/mnt-root/nix/.ro-store:" +
-			}}, nil, nil),
+				"/host/mnt-root/nix/.ro-store0," +
+				"userxattr"}, nil, nil),
 		}, nil},
 
 		{"success ro", &Params{ParentPerm: 0755}, &MountOverlayOp{
@@ -145,10 +147,11 @@ func TestMountOverlayOp(t *testing.T) {
 			call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/mnt-root/nix/.ro-store0"}, "/mnt-root/nix/.ro-store0", nil),
 		}, nil, []stub.Call{
 			call("mkdirAll", stub.ExpectArgs{"/sysroot/nix/store", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
-			call("mountOverlay", stub.ExpectArgs{"/sysroot/nix/store", [][2]string{
+			call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"overlay", "/sysroot/nix/store", "overlay", uintptr(0), "" +
-				{"lowerdir+", "/host/mnt-root/nix/.ro-store"},
+				"lowerdir=" +
-				{"lowerdir+", "/host/mnt-root/nix/.ro-store0"},
+				"/host/mnt-root/nix/.ro-store:" +
-			}}, nil, nil),
+				"/host/mnt-root/nix/.ro-store0," +
+				"userxattr"}, nil, nil),
 		}, nil},
 
 		{"nil lower", &Params{ParentPerm: 0700}, &MountOverlayOp{
@@ -216,11 +219,7 @@ func TestMountOverlayOp(t *testing.T) {
 			call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/mnt-root/nix/.ro-store"}, "/mnt-root/nix/ro-store", nil),
 		}, nil, []stub.Call{
 			call("mkdirAll", stub.ExpectArgs{"/sysroot/nix/store", os.FileMode(0700)}, nil, nil),
-			call("mountOverlay", stub.ExpectArgs{"/sysroot/nix/store", [][2]string{
+			call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"overlay", "/sysroot/nix/store", "overlay", uintptr(0), "upperdir=/host/mnt-root/nix/.rw-store/.upper,workdir=/host/mnt-root/nix/.rw-store/.work,lowerdir=/host/mnt-root/nix/ro-store,userxattr"}, nil, stub.UniqueError(0)),
-				{"upperdir", "/host/mnt-root/nix/.rw-store/.upper"},
-				{"workdir", "/host/mnt-root/nix/.rw-store/.work"},
-				{"lowerdir+", "/host/mnt-root/nix/ro-store"},
-			}}, nil, stub.UniqueError(0)),
 		}, stub.UniqueError(0)},
 
 		{"success single layer", &Params{ParentPerm: 0700}, &MountOverlayOp{
@@ -234,11 +233,11 @@ func TestMountOverlayOp(t *testing.T) {
 			call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/mnt-root/nix/.ro-store"}, "/mnt-root/nix/ro-store", nil),
 		}, nil, []stub.Call{
 			call("mkdirAll", stub.ExpectArgs{"/sysroot/nix/store", os.FileMode(0700)}, nil, nil),
-			call("mountOverlay", stub.ExpectArgs{"/sysroot/nix/store", [][2]string{
+			call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"overlay", "/sysroot/nix/store", "overlay", uintptr(0), "" +
-				{"upperdir", "/host/mnt-root/nix/.rw-store/.upper"},
+				"upperdir=/host/mnt-root/nix/.rw-store/.upper," +
-				{"workdir", "/host/mnt-root/nix/.rw-store/.work"},
+				"workdir=/host/mnt-root/nix/.rw-store/.work," +
-				{"lowerdir+", "/host/mnt-root/nix/ro-store"},
+				"lowerdir=/host/mnt-root/nix/ro-store," +
-			}}, nil, nil),
+				"userxattr"}, nil, nil),
 		}, nil},
 
 		{"success", &Params{ParentPerm: 0700}, &MountOverlayOp{
@@ -262,15 +261,16 @@ func TestMountOverlayOp(t *testing.T) {
 			call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/mnt-root/nix/.ro-store3"}, "/mnt-root/nix/ro-store3", nil),
 		}, nil, []stub.Call{
 			call("mkdirAll", stub.ExpectArgs{"/sysroot/nix/store", os.FileMode(0700)}, nil, nil),
-			call("mountOverlay", stub.ExpectArgs{"/sysroot/nix/store", [][2]string{
+			call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"overlay", "/sysroot/nix/store", "overlay", uintptr(0), "" +
-				{"upperdir", "/host/mnt-root/nix/.rw-store/.upper"},
+				"upperdir=/host/mnt-root/nix/.rw-store/.upper," +
-				{"workdir", "/host/mnt-root/nix/.rw-store/.work"},
+				"workdir=/host/mnt-root/nix/.rw-store/.work," +
-				{"lowerdir+", "/host/mnt-root/nix/ro-store"},
+				"lowerdir=" +
-				{"lowerdir+", "/host/mnt-root/nix/ro-store0"},
+				"/host/mnt-root/nix/ro-store:" +
-				{"lowerdir+", "/host/mnt-root/nix/ro-store1"},
+				"/host/mnt-root/nix/ro-store0:" +
-				{"lowerdir+", "/host/mnt-root/nix/ro-store2"},
+				"/host/mnt-root/nix/ro-store1:" +
-				{"lowerdir+", "/host/mnt-root/nix/ro-store3"},
+				"/host/mnt-root/nix/ro-store2:" +
-			}}, nil, nil),
+				"/host/mnt-root/nix/ro-store3," +
+				"userxattr"}, nil, nil),
 		}, nil},
 	})
 

container/mount.go

@@ -40,9 +40,6 @@ const (
 	// SourceMqueue is used when mounting mqueue.
 	// Note that any source value is allowed when fstype is [FstypeMqueue].
 	SourceMqueue = "mqueue"
-	// SourceBinfmtMisc is used when mounting binfmt_misc.
-	// Note that any source value is allowed when fstype is [SourceBinfmtMisc].
-	SourceBinfmtMisc = "binfmt_misc"
 	// SourceOverlay is used when mounting overlay.
 	// Note that any source value is allowed when fstype is [FstypeOverlay].
 	SourceOverlay = "overlay"
@@ -73,9 +70,6 @@ const (
 	// FstypeMqueue represents the mqueue pseudo-filesystem.
 	// This filesystem type is usually mounted on /dev/mqueue.
 	FstypeMqueue = "mqueue"
-	// FstypeBinfmtMisc represents the binfmt_misc pseudo-filesystem.
-	// This filesystem type is usually mounted on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc.
-	FstypeBinfmtMisc = "binfmt_misc"
 	// FstypeOverlay represents the overlay pseudo-filesystem.
 	// This filesystem type can be mounted anywhere in the container filesystem.
 	FstypeOverlay = "overlay"

container/path_test.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"unsafe"
 
+	"hakurei.app/check"
 	"hakurei.app/vfs"
 )
 
@@ -49,6 +50,9 @@ func TestToHost(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// InternalToHostOvlEscape exports toHost passed to [check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment].
+func InternalToHostOvlEscape(s string) string { return check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(toHost(s)) }
+
 func TestCreateFile(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("nonexistent", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run("mkdir", func(t *testing.T) {

ext/ext_test.go

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func TestSyscall(t *testing.T) {
 					t.Errorf("Unmarshal: %v, want %v", got, tc.want)
 				}
 			})
-			if _, ok := errors.AsType[ext.SyscallNameError](tc.err); ok {
+			if errors.As(tc.err, new(ext.SyscallNameError)) {
 				return
 			}
 

ext/fs.go

@@ -1,267 +0,0 @@
-package ext
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"runtime"
-	"syscall"
-	"unsafe"
-)
-
-// include/uapi/linux/mount.h
-
-/*
- * move_mount() flags.
- */
-const (
-	MOVE_MOUNT_F_SYMLINKS   = 1 << iota /* Follow symlinks on from path */
-	MOVE_MOUNT_F_AUTOMOUNTS             /* Follow automounts on from path */
-	MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH             /* Empty from path permitted */
-	_
-	MOVE_MOUNT_T_SYMLINKS   /* Follow symlinks on to path */
-	MOVE_MOUNT_T_AUTOMOUNTS /* Follow automounts on to path */
-	MOVE_MOUNT_T_EMPTY_PATH /* Empty to path permitted */
-	_
-	MOVE_MOUNT_SET_GROUP /* Set sharing group instead */
-	MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH   /* Mount beneath top mount */
-)
-
-/*
- * fsopen() flags.
- */
-const (
-	FSOPEN_CLOEXEC = 1 << iota
-)
-
-/*
- * fspick() flags.
- */
-const (
-	FSPICK_CLOEXEC = 1 << iota
-	FSPICK_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
-	FSPICK_NO_AUTOMOUNT
-	FSPICK_EMPTY_PATH
-)
-
-/*
- * The type of fsconfig() call made.
- */
-const (
-	FSCONFIG_SET_FLAG        = iota /* Set parameter, supplying no value */
-	FSCONFIG_SET_STRING             /* Set parameter, supplying a string value */
-	FSCONFIG_SET_BINARY             /* Set parameter, supplying a binary blob value */
-	FSCONFIG_SET_PATH               /* Set parameter, supplying an object by path */
-	FSCONFIG_SET_PATH_EMPTY         /* Set parameter, supplying an object by (empty) path */
-	FSCONFIG_SET_FD                 /* Set parameter, supplying an object by fd */
-	FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE             /* Create new or reuse existing superblock */
-	FSCONFIG_CMD_RECONFIGURE        /* Invoke superblock reconfiguration */
-	FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE_EXCL        /* Create new superblock, fail if reusing existing superblock */
-)
-
-/*
- * fsmount() flags.
- */
-const (
-	FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC = 1 << iota
-)
-
-/*
- * Mount attributes.
- */
-const (
-	MOUNT_ATTR_RDONLY      = 0x00000001 /* Mount read-only */
-	MOUNT_ATTR_NOSUID      = 0x00000002 /* Ignore suid and sgid bits */
-	MOUNT_ATTR_NODEV       = 0x00000004 /* Disallow access to device special files */
-	MOUNT_ATTR_NOEXEC      = 0x00000008 /* Disallow program execution */
-	MOUNT_ATTR__ATIME      = 0x00000070 /* Setting on how atime should be updated */
-	MOUNT_ATTR_RELATIME    = 0x00000000 /* - Update atime relative to mtime/ctime. */
-	MOUNT_ATTR_NOATIME     = 0x00000010 /* - Do not update access times. */
-	MOUNT_ATTR_STRICTATIME = 0x00000020 /* - Always perform atime updates */
-	MOUNT_ATTR_NODIRATIME  = 0x00000080 /* Do not update directory access times */
-	MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP       = 0x00100000 /* Idmap mount to @userns_fd in struct mount_attr. */
-	MOUNT_ATTR_NOSYMFOLLOW = 0x00200000 /* Do not follow symlinks */
-)
-
-// FS provides low-level wrappers around the suite of file-descriptor-based
-// mount facilities in Linux.
-type FS struct {
-	fd uintptr
-	c  runtime.Cleanup
-}
-
-// newFS allocates a new [FS] for the specified fd.
-func newFS(fd uintptr) *FS {
-	fs := FS{fd: fd}
-	fs.c = runtime.AddCleanup(&fs, func(fd uintptr) {
-		_ = syscall.Close(int(fd))
-	}, fd)
-	return &fs
-}
-
-// Close closes the underlying filesystem context.
-func (fs *FS) Close() error {
-	if fs == nil {
-		return syscall.EINVAL
-	}
-	err := syscall.Close(int(fs.fd))
-	fs.c.Stop()
-	return err
-}
-
-// OpenFS creates a new filesystem context.
-func OpenFS(fsname string, flags int) (fs *FS, err error) {
-	var s *byte
-	s, err = syscall.BytePtrFromString(fsname)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	fd, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(
-		SYS_FSOPEN,
-		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(s)),
-		uintptr(flags|FSOPEN_CLOEXEC),
-		0,
-	)
-	if errno != 0 {
-		err = os.NewSyscallError("fsopen", errno)
-	} else {
-		fs = newFS(fd)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-// PickFS selects filesystem for reconfiguration.
-func PickFS(dirfd int, pathname string, flags int) (fs *FS, err error) {
-	var s *byte
-	s, err = syscall.BytePtrFromString(pathname)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	fd, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(
-		SYS_FSPICK,
-		uintptr(dirfd),
-		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(s)),
-		uintptr(flags|FSPICK_CLOEXEC),
-	)
-	if errno != 0 {
-		err = os.NewSyscallError("fspick", errno)
-	} else {
-		fs = newFS(fd)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-// config configures new or existing filesystem context.
-func (fs *FS) config(cmd uint, key *byte, value unsafe.Pointer, aux int) (err error) {
-	_, _, errno := syscall.Syscall6(
-		SYS_FSCONFIG,
-		fs.fd,
-		uintptr(cmd),
-		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(key)),
-		uintptr(value),
-		uintptr(aux),
-		0,
-	)
-	if errno != 0 {
-		err = os.NewSyscallError("fsconfig", errno)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-// SetFlag sets the flag parameter named by key. ([FSCONFIG_SET_FLAG])
-func (fs *FS) SetFlag(key string) (err error) {
-	var s *byte
-	s, err = syscall.BytePtrFromString(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	return fs.config(FSCONFIG_SET_FLAG, s, nil, 0)
-}
-
-// SetString sets the string parameter named by key to the value specified by
-// value. ([FSCONFIG_SET_STRING])
-func (fs *FS) SetString(key, value string) (err error) {
-	var s0 *byte
-	s0, err = syscall.BytePtrFromString(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	var s1 *byte
-	s1, err = syscall.BytePtrFromString(value)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	return fs.config(FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, s0, unsafe.Pointer(s1), 0)
-}
-
-// mount instantiates mount object from filesystem context.
-func (fs *FS) mount(flags, attrFlags int) (fsfd int, err error) {
-	r, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(
-		SYS_FSMOUNT,
-		fs.fd,
-		uintptr(flags|FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC),
-		uintptr(attrFlags),
-	)
-	fsfd = int(r)
-	if errno != 0 {
-		err = os.NewSyscallError("fsmount", errno)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-// MoveMount moves or attaches mount object to filesystem.
-func MoveMount(
-	fromDirfd int,
-	fromPathname string,
-	toDirfd int,
-	toPathname string,
-	flags int,
-) (err error) {
-	var s0 *byte
-	s0, err = syscall.BytePtrFromString(fromPathname)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	var s1 *byte
-	s1, err = syscall.BytePtrFromString(toPathname)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	_, _, errno := syscall.Syscall6(
-		SYS_MOVE_MOUNT,
-		uintptr(fromDirfd),
-		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(s0)),
-		uintptr(toDirfd),
-		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(s1)),
-		uintptr(flags),
-		0,
-	)
-	if errno != 0 {
-		err = os.NewSyscallError("move_mount", errno)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-// Mount attaches the underlying filesystem context to the specified pathname.
-func (fs *FS) Mount(pathname string, attrFlags int) error {
-	if err := fs.config(FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE_EXCL, nil, nil, 0); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	fd, err := fs.mount(0, attrFlags)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = MoveMount(
-		fd, "",
-		-1, pathname,
-		MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH,
-	)
-	closeErr := syscall.Close(fd)
-	if err == nil {
-		err = closeErr
-	}
-	return err
-}

fhs/abs.go

@@ -42,8 +42,6 @@ var (
 	AbsDevShm = unsafeAbs(DevShm)
 	// AbsProc is [Proc] as [check.Absolute].
 	AbsProc = unsafeAbs(Proc)
-	// AbsProcSys is [ProcSys] as [check.Absolute].
-	AbsProcSys = unsafeAbs(ProcSys)
 	// AbsProcSelfExe is [ProcSelfExe] as [check.Absolute].
 	AbsProcSelfExe = unsafeAbs(ProcSelfExe)
 	// AbsSys is [Sys] as [check.Absolute].

flake.lock

@@ -7,32 +7,32 @@
         ]
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1780361225,
+        "lastModified": 1772985280,
-        "narHash": "sha256-wnV9ttf4fPWNonBIQmvlrSlNpQYgx5HgWWd007mwIFA=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-FdrNykOoY9VStevU4zjSUdvsL9SzJTcXt4omdEDZDLk=",
         "owner": "nix-community",
         "repo": "home-manager",
-        "rev": "e28654b71096e08c019d4861ca26acb646f583d8",
+        "rev": "8f736f007139d7f70752657dff6a401a585d6cbc",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
         "owner": "nix-community",
-        "ref": "release-26.05",
+        "ref": "release-25.11",
         "repo": "home-manager",
         "type": "github"
       }
     },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1780453794,
+        "lastModified": 1772822230,
-        "narHash": "sha256-bXMRa9VTsHSPXL4Cw8R6JJLQeY3Y/IP4+YJCYVmQ7FY=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-yf3iYLGbGVlIthlQIk5/4/EQDZNNEmuqKZkQssMljuw=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "6b316287bae2ee04c9b93c8c858d930fd07d7338",
+        "rev": "71caefce12ba78d84fe618cf61644dce01cf3a96",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
         "owner": "NixOS",
-        "ref": "nixos-26.05",
+        "ref": "nixos-25.11",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
         "type": "github"
       }

flake.nix

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
   description = "hakurei container tool and nixos module";
 
   inputs = {
-    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-26.05";
+    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-25.11";
 
     home-manager = {
-      url = "github:nix-community/home-manager/release-26.05";
+      url = "github:nix-community/home-manager/release-25.11";
       inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
     };
   };
@@ -37,27 +37,27 @@
           inherit (pkgs)
             runCommandLocal
             callPackage
-            nixfmt
+            nixfmt-rfc-style
             deadnix
             statix
             ;
         in
         {
-          hakurei = callPackage ./. { inherit system self; };
+          hakurei = callPackage ./test { inherit system self; };
-          race = callPackage ./. {
+          race = callPackage ./test {
             inherit system self;
             withRace = true;
           };
 
-          sandbox = callPackage ./sandbox { inherit self; };
+          sandbox = callPackage ./test/sandbox { inherit self; };
-          sandbox-race = callPackage ./sandbox {
+          sandbox-race = callPackage ./test/sandbox {
             inherit self;
             withRace = true;
           };
 
-          sharefs = callPackage ./sharefs { inherit system self; };
+          sharefs = callPackage ./cmd/sharefs/test { inherit system self; };
 
-          formatting = runCommandLocal "check-formatting" { nativeBuildInputs = [ nixfmt ]; } ''
+          formatting = runCommandLocal "check-formatting" { nativeBuildInputs = [ nixfmt-rfc-style ]; } ''
             cd ${./.}
 
             echo "running nixfmt..."
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
               nettools
               ;
           };
-          hsu = pkgs.callPackage ./hsu.nix { inherit (self.packages.${system}) hakurei; };
+          hsu = pkgs.callPackage ./cmd/hsu/package.nix { inherit (self.packages.${system}) hakurei; };
           sharefs = pkgs.linkFarm "sharefs" {
             "bin/sharefs" = "${hakurei}/libexec/sharefs";
             "bin/mount.fuse.sharefs" = "${hakurei}/libexec/sharefs";
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@
                 GOCACHE="$(mktemp -d)" \
                 PATH="${pkgs.pkgsStatic.musl.bin}/bin:$PATH" \
                 DESTDIR="$out" \
+                HAKUREI_VERSION="v${hakurei.version}" \
                   ./all.sh
               '';
         }
@@ -190,11 +191,11 @@
                     };
                   }
 
-                  ./interactive/configuration.nix
+                  ./test/interactive/configuration.nix
-                  ./interactive/vm.nix
+                  ./test/interactive/vm.nix
-                  ./interactive/hakurei.nix
+                  ./test/interactive/hakurei.nix
-                  ./interactive/trace.nix
+                  ./test/interactive/trace.nix
-                  ./interactive/raceattr.nix
+                  ./test/interactive/raceattr.nix
 
                   self.nixosModules.hakurei
                   home-manager.nixosModules.home-manager

hst/container.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package hst
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
@@ -65,14 +64,10 @@ const (
 	// Some programs fail to connect to dbus session running as a different uid,
 	// this option works around it by mapping priv-side caller uid in container.
 	FMapRealUID
-	// FNoPlace disables placement of /etc/passwd and /etc/group.
-	FNoPlace
 
 	// FDevice mount /dev/ from the init mount namespace as is in the container
 	// mount namespace.
 	FDevice
-	// FCoverRun covers /run/ in the container mount namespace early.
-	FCoverRun
 
 	// FShareRuntime shares XDG_RUNTIME_DIR between containers under the same identity.
 	FShareRuntime
@@ -103,12 +98,8 @@ func (flags Flags) String() string {
 		return "tty"
 	case FMapRealUID:
 		return "mapuid"
-	case FNoPlace:
-		return "noplace"
 	case FDevice:
 		return "device"
-	case FCoverRun:
-		return "cover_run"
 	case FShareRuntime:
 		return "runtime"
 	case FShareTmpdir:
@@ -170,10 +161,6 @@ type ContainerConfig struct {
 	Flags Flags `json:"-"`
 }
 
-func (c *ContainerConfig) GoString() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("&%#v", *c)
-}
-
 // ContainerConfigF is [ContainerConfig] stripped of its methods.
 //
 // The [ContainerConfig.Flags] field does not survive a [json] round trip.
@@ -201,13 +188,9 @@ type containerConfigJSON = struct {
 
 	// Corresponds to [FMapRealUID].
 	MapRealUID bool `json:"map_real_uid"`
-	// Corresponds to [FNoPlace].
-	NoPlace bool `json:"noplace,omitempty"`
 
 	// Corresponds to [FDevice].
 	Device bool `json:"device,omitempty"`
-	// Corresponds to [FCoverRun].
-	CoverRun bool `json:"cover_run,omitempty"`
 
 	// Corresponds to [FShareRuntime].
 	ShareRuntime bool `json:"share_runtime,omitempty"`
@@ -230,9 +213,7 @@ func (c *ContainerConfig) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 		Tty:           c.Flags&FTty != 0,
 		Multiarch:     c.Flags&FMultiarch != 0,
 		MapRealUID:    c.Flags&FMapRealUID != 0,
-		NoPlace:       c.Flags&FNoPlace != 0,
 		Device:        c.Flags&FDevice != 0,
-		CoverRun:      c.Flags&FCoverRun != 0,
 		ShareRuntime:  c.Flags&FShareRuntime != 0,
 		ShareTmpdir:   c.Flags&FShareTmpdir != 0,
 	})
@@ -273,15 +254,9 @@ func (c *ContainerConfig) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	if v.MapRealUID {
 		c.Flags |= FMapRealUID
 	}
-	if v.NoPlace {
-		c.Flags |= FNoPlace
-	}
 	if v.Device {
 		c.Flags |= FDevice
 	}
-	if v.CoverRun {
-		c.Flags |= FCoverRun
-	}
 	if v.ShareRuntime {
 		c.Flags |= FShareRuntime
 	}

hst/container_test.go

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ func TestFlagsString(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{"none", 0, "none"},
 		{"none high", hst.FAll + 1, "none"},
-		{"all", hst.FAll, "multiarch, compat, devel, userns, net, abstract, tty, mapuid, noplace, device, cover_run, runtime, tmpdir"},
+		{"all", hst.FAll, "multiarch, compat, devel, userns, net, abstract, tty, mapuid, device, runtime, tmpdir"},
-		{"all high", math.MaxUint, "multiarch, compat, devel, userns, net, abstract, tty, mapuid, noplace, device, cover_run, runtime, tmpdir"},
+		{"all high", math.MaxUint, "multiarch, compat, devel, userns, net, abstract, tty, mapuid, device, runtime, tmpdir"},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func TestContainerConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		{"hostnet hostabstract mapuid", &hst.ContainerConfig{Flags: hst.FHostNet | hst.FHostAbstract | hst.FMapRealUID},
 			`{"env":null,"filesystem":null,"shell":null,"home":null,"args":null,"host_net":true,"host_abstract":true,"map_real_uid":true}`},
 		{"all", &hst.ContainerConfig{Flags: hst.FAll},
-			`{"env":null,"filesystem":null,"shell":null,"home":null,"args":null,"seccomp_compat":true,"devel":true,"userns":true,"host_net":true,"host_abstract":true,"tty":true,"multiarch":true,"map_real_uid":true,"noplace":true,"device":true,"cover_run":true,"share_runtime":true,"share_tmpdir":true}`},
+			`{"env":null,"filesystem":null,"shell":null,"home":null,"args":null,"seccomp_compat":true,"devel":true,"userns":true,"host_net":true,"host_abstract":true,"tty":true,"multiarch":true,"map_real_uid":true,"device":true,"share_runtime":true,"share_tmpdir":true}`},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {

hst/dbus.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package hst
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 )
@@ -62,10 +61,6 @@ type BusConfig struct {
 	Filter bool `json:"filter"`
 }
 
-func (c *BusConfig) GoString() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("&%#v", *c)
-}
-
 // Interfaces iterates over all interface strings specified in [BusConfig].
 func (c *BusConfig) Interfaces(yield func(string) bool) {
 	if c == nil {

hst/fs.go

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
-	"strings"
 
 	"hakurei.app/check"
 )
@@ -37,8 +36,6 @@ type Ops interface {
 	Bind(source, target *check.Absolute, flags int) Ops
 	// Overlay appends an op that mounts the overlay pseudo filesystem.
 	Overlay(target, state, work *check.Absolute, layers ...*check.Absolute) Ops
-	// OverlayEphemeral appends a MountOverlayOp with an ephemeral upperdir and workdir.
-	OverlayEphemeral(target *check.Absolute, layers ...*check.Absolute) Ops
 	// OverlayReadonly appends an op that mounts the overlay pseudo filesystem readonly.
 	OverlayReadonly(target *check.Absolute, layers ...*check.Absolute) Ops
 
@@ -81,17 +78,17 @@ type FSImplError struct{ Value FilesystemConfig }
 
 func (f FSImplError) Error() string {
 	implType := reflect.TypeOf(f.Value)
-	var buf strings.Builder
+	var name string
-	for implType != nil && implType.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
+	for implType != nil && implType.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-		buf.WriteByte('*')
+		name += "*"
 		implType = implType.Elem()
 	}
 	if implType != nil {
-		buf.WriteString(implType.Name())
+		name += implType.Name()
 	} else {
-		buf.WriteString("nil")
+		name += "nil"
 	}
-	return "implementation " + buf.String() + " not supported"
+	return fmt.Sprintf("implementation %s not supported", name)
 }
 
 // FilesystemConfigJSON is the [json] adapter for [FilesystemConfig].

hst/fs_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package hst_test
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ func TestFilesystemConfigJSON(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Run("marshal", func(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Parallel()
 				wantErr := tc.wantErr
-				if _, ok := errors.AsType[hst.FSTypeError](wantErr); ok {
+				if errors.As(wantErr, new(hst.FSTypeError)) {
 					// for unsupported implementation tc
 					wantErr = hst.FSImplError{Value: stubFS{"cat"}}
 				}
@@ -140,7 +139,7 @@ func TestFilesystemConfigJSON(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Run("unmarshal", func(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Parallel()
 				if tc.data == "\x00" && tc.sData == "\x00" {
-					if _, ok := errors.AsType[hst.FSImplError](tc.wantErr); ok {
+					if errors.As(tc.wantErr, new(hst.FSImplError)) {
 						// this error is only returned on marshal
 						return
 					}
@@ -284,11 +283,11 @@ func checkFs(t *testing.T, testCases []fsTestCase) {
 				if !reflect.DeepEqual(ops, &tc.ops) {
 					gotString := new(strings.Builder)
 					for _, op := range *ops {
-						gotString.WriteString("\n" + fmt.Sprintf("%#v", op))
+						gotString.WriteString("\n" + op.String())
 					}
 					wantString := new(strings.Builder)
 					for _, op := range tc.ops {
-						wantString.WriteString("\n" + fmt.Sprintf("%#v", op))
+						wantString.WriteString("\n" + op.String())
 					}
 					t.Errorf("Apply: %s, want %s", gotString, wantString)
 				}
@@ -340,10 +339,6 @@ func (p opsAdapter) Overlay(target, state, work *check.Absolute, layers ...*chec
 	return opsAdapter{p.Ops.Overlay(target, state, work, layers...)}
 }
 
-func (p opsAdapter) OverlayEphemeral(target *check.Absolute, layers ...*check.Absolute) hst.Ops {
-	return opsAdapter{p.Ops.OverlayEphemeral(target, layers...)}
-}
-
 func (p opsAdapter) OverlayReadonly(target *check.Absolute, layers ...*check.Absolute) hst.Ops {
 	return opsAdapter{p.Ops.OverlayReadonly(target, layers...)}
 }

hst/fsephemeral.go

@@ -43,13 +43,18 @@ func (e *FSEphemeral) Apply(z *ApplyState) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	size := e.Size
+	if size < 0 {
+		size = 0
+	}
+
 	perm := e.Perm
 	if perm == 0 {
 		perm = fsEphemeralDefaultPerm
 	}
 
 	if e.Write {
-		z.Tmpfs(e.Target, max(e.Size, 0), perm)
+		z.Tmpfs(e.Target, size, perm)
 	} else {
 		z.Readonly(e.Target, perm)
 	}

hst/fsoverlay.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package hst
 
 import (
 	"encoding/gob"
-	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
 	"hakurei.app/check"
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ func (o *FSOverlay) Valid() bool {
 	}
 
 	if o.Upper != nil { // rw
-		return o.Work != nil || len(o.Lower) > 0
+		return o.Work != nil && len(o.Lower) > 0
 	} else { // ro
 		return len(o.Lower) >= 2
 	}
@@ -59,11 +58,8 @@ func (o *FSOverlay) Host() []*check.Absolute {
 		return nil
 	}
 	p := make([]*check.Absolute, 0, 2+len(o.Lower))
-	if o.Upper != nil {
+	if o.Upper != nil && o.Work != nil {
-		p = append(p, o.Upper)
+		p = append(p, o.Upper, o.Work)
-		if o.Work != nil {
-			p = append(p, o.Work)
-		}
 	}
 	p = append(p, o.Lower...)
 	return p
@@ -74,18 +70,11 @@ func (o *FSOverlay) Apply(z *ApplyState) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if o.Upper != nil {
+	if o.Upper != nil && o.Work != nil {
+		z.Overlay(o.Target, o.Upper, o.Work, o.Lower...)
 		if o.Target.Is(fhs.AbsRoot) {
 			z.NoRemountRoot = true
 		}
-		if o.Work != nil {
-			z.Overlay(o.Target, o.Upper, o.Work, o.Lower...)
-		} else {
-			z.OverlayEphemeral(o.Target, slices.Concat(
-				[]*check.Absolute{o.Upper},
-				o.Lower,
-			)...)
-		}
 	} else {
 		z.OverlayReadonly(o.Target, o.Lower...)
 	}
@@ -101,19 +90,12 @@ func (o *FSOverlay) String() string {
 		lower[i] = check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(a.String())
 	}
 
-	if o.Upper != nil {
+	if o.Upper != nil && o.Work != nil {
-		if o.Work != nil {
+		return "w*" + strings.Join(append([]string{
-			return "w*" + strings.Join(append([]string{
-				check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(o.Target.String()),
-				check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(o.Upper.String()),
-				check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(o.Work.String())},
-				lower...), check.SpecialOverlayPath)
-		}
-		return "e*" + strings.Join(append([]string{
 			check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(o.Target.String()),
-			check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(o.Upper.String())},
+			check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(o.Upper.String()),
+			check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(o.Work.String())},
 			lower...), check.SpecialOverlayPath)
-
 	} else {
 		return "*" + strings.Join(append([]string{
 			check.EscapeOverlayDataSegment(o.Target.String())},

hst/fsoverlay_test.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 
 	"hakurei.app/check"
 	"hakurei.app/container"
-	"hakurei.app/fhs"
 	"hakurei.app/hst"
 )
 
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ func TestFSOverlay(t *testing.T) {
 	checkFs(t, []fsTestCase{
 		{"nil", (*hst.FSOverlay)(nil), false, nil, nil, nil, "<invalid>"},
 		{"nil lower", &hst.FSOverlay{Target: m("/etc"), Lower: []*check.Absolute{nil}}, false, nil, nil, nil, "<invalid>"},
-		{"zero lower", &hst.FSOverlay{Target: m("/etc"), Work: m("/")}, false, nil, nil, nil, "<invalid>"},
+		{"zero lower", &hst.FSOverlay{Target: m("/etc"), Upper: m("/"), Work: m("/")}, false, nil, nil, nil, "<invalid>"},
 		{"zero lower ro", &hst.FSOverlay{Target: m("/etc")}, false, nil, nil, nil, "<invalid>"},
 		{"short lower", &hst.FSOverlay{Target: m("/etc"), Lower: ms("/etc")}, false, nil, nil, nil, "<invalid>"},
 
@@ -63,16 +62,5 @@ func TestFSOverlay(t *testing.T) {
 			Work:   m("/tmp/work"),
 		}}, m("/"), ms("/tmp/upper", "/tmp/work", "/tmp/.src0", "/tmp/.src1"),
 			"w*/:/tmp/upper:/tmp/work:/tmp/.src0:/tmp/.src1"},
-
-		{"ephemeral", &hst.FSOverlay{
-			Target: m("/"),
-			Lower:  ms("/tmp/.src0", "/tmp/.src1"),
-			Upper:  m("/tmp/upper"),
-		}, true, container.Ops{&container.MountOverlayOp{
-			Target: m("/"),
-			Lower:  ms("/tmp/upper", "/tmp/.src0", "/tmp/.src1"),
-			Upper:  fhs.AbsRoot,
-		}}, m("/"), ms("/tmp/upper", "/tmp/.src0", "/tmp/.src1"),
-			"e*/:/tmp/upper:/tmp/.src0:/tmp/.src1"},
 	})
 }

hst/hst_test.go

@@ -244,9 +244,7 @@ func TestTemplate(t *testing.T) {
 		"tty": true,
 		"multiarch": true,
 		"map_real_uid": true,
-		"noplace": true,
 		"device": true,
-		"cover_run": true,
 		"share_runtime": true,
 		"share_tmpdir": true
 	}

internal/dbus/address.go

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func unescapeValue(v []byte) (val []byte, errno ParseError) {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if found := bytes.Contains([]byte("-_/.\\*"), []byte{b}); found { // - // _/.\*
+		if ib := bytes.IndexByte([]byte("-_/.\\*"), b); ib != -1 { // - // _/.\*
 			goto opt
 		} else if b >= '0' && b <= '9' { // 0-9
 			goto opt
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ func unescapeValue(v []byte) (val []byte, errno ParseError) {
 			break
 		}
 		if c, err := hex.Decode(val[i:i+1], v[iu+1:iu+3]); err != nil {
-			if _, ok := errors.AsType[hex.InvalidByteError](err); ok {
+			if errors.As(err, new(hex.InvalidByteError)) {
 				errno = ErrBadValHexByte
 				break
 			}

internal/env/env.go

@@ -1,29 +1,21 @@
-// Package env provides the [Paths] struct for efficiently building paths from
+// Package env provides the [Paths] struct for efficiently building paths from the environment.
-// the environment.
 package env
 
 import (
-	"errors"
-	"io/fs"
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
 
 	"hakurei.app/check"
-	"hakurei.app/fhs"
 	"hakurei.app/hst"
 )
 
-const VarRunNscd = fhs.Var + "run/nscd"
-
 // Paths holds paths copied from the environment and is used to create [hst.Paths].
 type Paths struct {
 	// TempDir is returned by [os.TempDir].
 	TempDir *check.Absolute
 	// RuntimePath is copied from $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR.
 	RuntimePath *check.Absolute
-	// Whether [VarRunNscd] is a directory.
-	HasNscd bool
 }
 
 // Copy expands [Paths] into [hst.Paths].
@@ -45,17 +37,14 @@ func (env *Paths) Copy(v *hst.Paths, userid int) {
 }
 
 // CopyPaths returns a populated [Paths].
-func CopyPaths() *Paths {
+func CopyPaths() *Paths { return CopyPathsFunc(log.Fatalf, os.TempDir, os.Getenv) }
-	return CopyPathsFunc(log.Fatalf, os.TempDir, os.Getenv, os.Stat)
-}
 
-// CopyPathsFunc returns a populated [Paths], using the provided [log.Fatalf],
+// CopyPathsFunc returns a populated [Paths],
-// [os.TempDir], [os.Getenv] functions.
+// using the provided [log.Fatalf], [os.TempDir], [os.Getenv] functions.
 func CopyPathsFunc(
 	fatalf func(format string, v ...any),
 	tempdir func() string,
 	getenv func(key string) string,
-	stat func(name string) (fs.FileInfo, error),
 ) *Paths {
 	const xdgRuntimeDir = "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR"
 
@@ -72,14 +61,5 @@ func CopyPathsFunc(
 		env.RuntimePath = a
 	}
 
-	if fi, err := stat(VarRunNscd); err != nil {
-		if !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-			fatalf("%v", err)
-			panic("unreachable")
-		}
-	} else {
-		env.HasNscd = fi.IsDir()
-	}
-
 	return &env
 }

internal/env/env_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package env_test
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"io/fs"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -105,9 +104,7 @@ func TestCopyPaths(t *testing.T) {
 					t.Fatalf("fatalf: %q, want %q", got, tc.fatal)
 				}
 				panic(stub.PanicExit)
-			}, func() string { return tc.tmp }, func(key string) string { return tc.env[key] }, func(name string) (fs.FileInfo, error) {
+			}, func() string { return tc.tmp }, func(key string) string { return tc.env[key] })
-				return nil, fs.ErrNotExist
-			})
 
 			if tc.fatal != "" {
 				t.Fatalf("copyPaths: expected fatal %q", tc.fatal)

internal/kobject/event.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package kobject
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"maps"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"unsafe"
@@ -29,22 +28,6 @@ type Event struct {
 	Subsystem string `json:"subsystem"`
 }
 
-// Clone returns a copy of e.
-func (e *Event) Clone() Event {
-	v := *e
-	v.Env = maps.Clone(e.Env)
-	return v
-}
-
-// makeColdboot allocates a new [Object] from e in [StateColdboot].
-func (e *Event) makeColdboot() *Object {
-	return &Object{
-		State:     StateColdboot,
-		DevPath:   e.DevPath,
-		Subsystem: e.Subsystem,
-	}
-}
-
 // Populate populates e with the contents of a [uevent.Message].
 //
 // The ACTION and DEVPATH environment variables are ignored and assumed to be

internal/kobject/kobject.go

@@ -1,491 +0,0 @@
-// Package kobject interprets uevent messages from a NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT socket.
-package kobject
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"maps"
-	"slices"
-	"strconv"
-	"sync"
-
-	"hakurei.app/internal/report"
-	"hakurei.app/internal/uevent"
-)
-
-const (
-	// StateColdboot denotes an [Object] populated by a coldboot event. It is
-	// eligible for all event actions.
-	StateColdboot = iota
-	// StateNew denotes an [Object] previously populated by a [uevent.KOBJ_ADD]
-	// event, but has not yet been targeted by a [uevent.KOBJ_BIND] event, or
-	// has been targeted by a [uevent.KOBJ_UNBIND] event.
-	StateNew
-	// StateBound denotes an [Object] that has been targeted by a
-	// [uevent.KOBJ_BIND] and has not been targeted by a [uevent.KOBJ_UNBIND]
-	// after that.
-	StateBound
-)
-
-// Object represents a kernel object.
-type Object struct {
-	// Origin of the object.
-	State int `json:"state,omitempty"`
-	// Set by [uevent.KOBJ_OFFLINE] and [uevent.KOBJ_ONLINE].
-	Offline bool `json:"offline,omitempty"`
-
-	// alloc_uevent_skb: devpath
-	DevPath string `json:"devpath"`
-	// registered per-driver (optional)
-	ModAlias string `json:"modalias,omitempty"`
-	// dev_driver_uevent: drv->name (optional)
-	Driver string `json:"driver,omitempty"`
-
-	// SUBSYSTEM value set by the kernel.
-	Subsystem string `json:"subsystem"`
-
-	// Uninterpreted environment variable pairs. An entry missing a separator
-	// gains the value "\x00".
-	Env map[string]string `json:"env"`
-}
-
-// Clone returns the address of a copy of o.
-func (o *Object) Clone() *Object {
-	v := *o
-	v.Env = maps.Clone(o.Env)
-	return &v
-}
-
-// GoString returns compound literal for the underlying value.
-func (o *Object) GoString() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("&%#v", *o)
-}
-
-// merge merges uninterpreted environment variable pairs from an [Event].
-func (o *Object) merge(env map[string]string) {
-	for k, v := range env {
-		if v == "\x00" {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		switch k {
-		case "MODALIAS":
-			o.ModAlias = v
-			continue
-
-		case "DRIVER":
-			o.Driver = v
-			continue
-
-		default:
-			if o.Env == nil {
-				o.Env = make(map[string]string)
-			}
-			o.Env[k] = v
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// update updates o with pairs from env, optionally stripping visited pairs.
-func (o *Object) update(env map[string]string, strip bool) {
-	for k := range o.Env {
-		if v, ok := env[k]; ok {
-			if strip {
-				delete(env, k)
-			}
-			o.Env[k] = v
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// A pendingIterator is a callback currently iterating through objects targeted
-// by ongoing events.
-type pendingIterator struct {
-	f    func(o *Object, act uevent.KobjectAction) bool
-	done chan<- struct{}
-}
-
-// State processes a stream of [Event] populated from [uevent.Message] received
-// from a NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT socket and presents an efficient representation
-// of kernel state.
-type State struct {
-	// Next expected SEQNUM.
-	seq uint64
-	// DevPath to environment variables.
-	uevent map[string]*Object
-	// Synchronises access to uevent and its objects.
-	ueventMu sync.RWMutex
-	// Alive iterators.
-	iter []*pendingIterator
-	// Synchronises access to iter.
-	iterMu sync.Mutex
-	// UUID for synthetic [uevent.Coldboot] events.
-	coldboot uevent.UUID
-	// Called on [uevent.KOBJ_CHANGE] with stripped environment variables.
-	handleChange func(o *Object, env map[string]string)
-	// Reports errors populating [Event] from [uevent.Message]. A user-supplied
-	// nil value is replaced with a noop.
-	reportErr func(error)
-}
-
-// New returns the address of a new [State].
-func New(
-	coldboot uevent.UUID,
-	handleChange func(o *Object, env map[string]string),
-	reportErr func(error),
-) *State {
-	return &State{
-		uevent:       make(map[string]*Object),
-		coldboot:     coldboot,
-		handleChange: handleChange,
-		reportErr:    reportErr,
-	}
-}
-
-// deleteIter removes an iterator from s. Must be called after acquiring iterMu.
-func (s *State) deleteIter(p *pendingIterator) {
-	s.iter = slices.DeleteFunc(s.iter, func(v *pendingIterator) bool {
-		return p == v
-	})
-}
-
-// dispatchIter broadcasts an [Object] to all alive iterators.
-func (s *State) dispatchIter(o *Object, act uevent.KobjectAction) {
-	s.iterMu.Lock()
-	defer s.iterMu.Unlock()
-
-	for _, p := range s.iter {
-		if !p.f(o, act) {
-			s.deleteIter(p)
-			close(p.done)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// Range calls f on all current and upcoming [Object] values tracked by s until
-// f returns false or the context is cancelled. f must not retain o or modify
-// the value it points to.
-func (s *State) Range(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	f func(o *Object, act uevent.KobjectAction) bool,
-) {
-	done := make(chan struct{})
-	p := pendingIterator{f, done}
-
-	s.iterMu.Lock()
-	s.ueventMu.RLock()
-	for _, o := range s.uevent {
-		if !f(o, uevent.KOBJ_ADD) {
-			s.ueventMu.RUnlock()
-			s.iterMu.Unlock()
-			return
-		}
-	}
-	s.ueventMu.RUnlock()
-	s.iter = append(s.iter, &p)
-	s.iterMu.Unlock()
-
-	select {
-	case <-ctx.Done():
-		s.iterMu.Lock()
-		s.deleteIter(&p)
-		s.iterMu.Unlock()
-		return
-
-	case <-done:
-		// deregistered by dispatchIter
-		return
-	}
-}
-
-// An EventError describes a malformed or inconsistent [Event].
-type EventError struct {
-	Kind int     `json:"fault"`
-	E    Event   `json:"event"`
-	O    *Object `json:"object,omitempty"`
-}
-
-var _ report.RepresentableError = EventError{}
-
-func (EventError) Representable() {}
-
-const (
-	// EUnexpectedColdboot is reported for a coldboot event with action other
-	// than the expected [uevent.KOBJ_ADD].
-	EUnexpectedColdboot = iota
-	// EDuplicateAdd is reported for a [uevent.KOBJ_ADD] event on a
-	// still-existing entry that was not the result of a coldboot.
-	EDuplicateAdd
-	// EBadTarget is reported for an event on a nonexistent [Object]. This is
-	// generally only possible before coldboot completes.
-	EBadTarget
-	// ERemoveState is reported for a [uevent.KOBJ_REMOVE] event targeting an
-	// entry in a state other than [StateColdboot] and [StateNew].
-	ERemoveState
-	// EUnexpectedOffline is reported for a [uevent.KOBJ_OFFLINE] or
-	// [uevent.KOBJ_ONLINE] event targeting an already offline or online object.
-	EUnexpectedOffline
-	// EBindState is reported for a [uevent.KOBJ_BIND] event targeting an entry
-	// in a state other than [StateColdboot] and [StateNew].
-	EBindState
-	// EUnbindState is reported for a [uevent.KOBJ_UNBIND] event targeting an
-	// entry in a state other than [StateBound].
-	EUnbindState
-	// EMalformedMove is reported for a [uevent.KOBJ_MOVE] event missing the
-	// DEVPATH_OLD environment variable.
-	EMalformedMove
-)
-
-func (e EventError) Error() string {
-	switch e.Kind {
-	case EUnexpectedColdboot:
-		return "unexpected " + e.E.Action.String() + " coldboot event"
-	case EDuplicateAdd:
-		return "duplicate add event on devpath " + strconv.Quote(e.E.DevPath)
-	case EBadTarget:
-		return "unexpected " + e.E.Action.String() + " event on devpath " +
-			strconv.Quote(e.E.DevPath)
-	case ERemoveState:
-		if e.O == nil {
-			return "invalid remove event error"
-		}
-		return "remove event targeting devpath " + strconv.Quote(e.E.DevPath) +
-			" in state " + strconv.Itoa(e.O.State)
-	case EUnexpectedOffline:
-		if e.O == nil {
-			return "invalid unexpected offline error"
-		}
-		if e.O.Offline {
-			return "offline event targeting devpath " + strconv.Quote(e.E.DevPath)
-		}
-		return "online event targeting devpath " + strconv.Quote(e.E.DevPath)
-	case EBindState:
-		if e.O == nil {
-			return "invalid bind state error"
-		}
-		return "bind event targeting devpath " + strconv.Quote(e.E.DevPath) +
-			" in state " + strconv.Itoa(e.O.State)
-	case EUnbindState:
-		if e.O == nil {
-			return "invalid unbind state error"
-		}
-		return "unbind event targeting devpath " + strconv.Quote(e.E.DevPath) +
-			" in state " + strconv.Itoa(e.O.State)
-	case EMalformedMove:
-		return "move event targeting devpath " + strconv.Quote(e.E.DevPath) +
-			" missing DEVPATH_OLD"
-
-	default:
-		return "invalid event error kind " + strconv.Itoa(e.Kind)
-	}
-}
-
-// NewError returns a new [EventError] for e and o.
-func (e *Event) NewError(kind int, o *Object) error {
-	if o != nil {
-		o = o.Clone()
-	}
-	return EventError{kind, e.Clone(), o}
-}
-
-// processEvent merges an event into s.
-func (s *State) processEvent(e *Event) {
-	s.ueventMu.Lock()
-	defer s.ueventMu.Unlock()
-
-	coldboot := e.Synth != nil
-	if e.Action != uevent.KOBJ_ADD && coldboot {
-		s.reportErr(e.NewError(EUnexpectedColdboot, nil))
-		return
-	}
-
-	switch act := e.Action; act {
-	case uevent.KOBJ_ADD:
-		if e.Synth == nil {
-			if o, ok := s.uevent[e.DevPath]; ok {
-				s.reportErr(e.NewError(EDuplicateAdd, o))
-				o.merge(e.Env)
-				s.dispatchIter(o, act)
-				return
-			}
-		}
-		o := e.makeColdboot()
-		if !coldboot {
-			o.State = StateNew
-		}
-		o.merge(e.Env)
-		s.uevent[e.DevPath] = o
-		s.dispatchIter(o, act)
-		return
-
-	case uevent.KOBJ_REMOVE:
-		if o, ok := s.uevent[e.DevPath]; !ok {
-			s.reportErr(e.NewError(EBadTarget, nil))
-			return
-		} else if o.State != StateColdboot && o.State != StateNew {
-			s.reportErr(e.NewError(ERemoveState, o))
-		}
-		delete(s.uevent, e.DevPath)
-		return
-
-	case uevent.KOBJ_CHANGE:
-		o, ok := s.uevent[e.DevPath]
-		if !ok {
-			s.reportErr(e.NewError(EBadTarget, nil))
-			// this suffers from the coldboot race window similar to KOBJ_MOVE,
-			// however this action combines driver-specific and change-specific
-			// environment variables and combines them with environment
-			// variables meant to convey state of the kobject, and it is not
-			// possible to reliably separate them, so this fallback avoids the
-			// race at the cost of including some garbage in tracked state
-			o = e.makeColdboot()
-			o.merge(e.Env)
-			s.uevent[e.DevPath] = o
-			s.dispatchIter(o, act)
-			return
-		}
-		o.update(e.Env, true)
-		if s.handleChange != nil {
-			s.handleChange(o, e.Env)
-		}
-		s.dispatchIter(o, act)
-		return
-
-	case uevent.KOBJ_MOVE:
-		var o *Object
-		if old, ok := e.Env["DEVPATH_OLD"]; !ok {
-			s.reportErr(e.NewError(EMalformedMove, nil))
-			// not reached
-			o = e.makeColdboot()
-		} else if o, ok = s.uevent[old]; !ok {
-			s.reportErr(e.NewError(EBadTarget, nil))
-			// this generally happens during coldboot, dropping the event here
-			// may cause inconsistent state if the coldboot event for this
-			// object was generated before the bind event
-			delete(e.Env, "DEVPATH_OLD")
-			o = e.makeColdboot()
-		} else {
-			delete(s.uevent, old)
-			delete(e.Env, "DEVPATH_OLD")
-		}
-		o.merge(e.Env)
-		s.uevent[e.DevPath] = o
-		o.DevPath = e.DevPath
-		s.dispatchIter(o, act)
-		return
-
-	case uevent.KOBJ_ONLINE:
-		o, ok := s.uevent[e.DevPath]
-		if !ok {
-			s.reportErr(e.NewError(EBadTarget, nil))
-			// coldboot race window similar to an unexpected KOBJ_MOVE
-			o = e.makeColdboot()
-			s.uevent[e.DevPath] = o
-			o.merge(e.Env)
-		}
-		if !o.Offline {
-			s.reportErr(e.NewError(EUnexpectedOffline, o))
-		}
-		o.Offline = false
-		s.dispatchIter(o, act)
-		return
-
-	case uevent.KOBJ_OFFLINE:
-		o, ok := s.uevent[e.DevPath]
-		if !ok {
-			s.reportErr(e.NewError(EBadTarget, nil))
-			// coldboot race window similar to an unexpected KOBJ_MOVE
-			o = e.makeColdboot()
-			s.uevent[e.DevPath] = o
-			o.merge(e.Env)
-		}
-		if o.Offline {
-			s.reportErr(e.NewError(EUnexpectedOffline, o))
-		}
-		o.Offline = true
-		s.dispatchIter(o, act)
-		return
-
-	case uevent.KOBJ_BIND:
-		o, ok := s.uevent[e.DevPath]
-		if !ok {
-			s.reportErr(e.NewError(EBadTarget, nil))
-			// coldboot race window similar to an unexpected KOBJ_MOVE
-			o = e.makeColdboot()
-			s.uevent[e.DevPath] = o
-		}
-		if o.State != StateColdboot && o.State != StateNew {
-			s.reportErr(e.NewError(EBindState, o))
-		}
-		o.State = StateBound
-		o.merge(e.Env)
-		s.dispatchIter(o, act)
-		return
-
-	case uevent.KOBJ_UNBIND:
-		o, ok := s.uevent[e.DevPath]
-		if !ok {
-			s.reportErr(e.NewError(EBadTarget, nil))
-			// coldboot race window similar to an unexpected KOBJ_MOVE, but does
-			// not result in inconsistent state if dropped
-			return
-		}
-		if o.State != StateBound {
-			s.reportErr(e.NewError(EUnbindState, o))
-		}
-		o.State = StateNew
-		o.Driver = ""
-		s.dispatchIter(o, act)
-		return
-
-	default: // not reached
-		s.reportErr(fmt.Errorf("invalid action %d", e.Action))
-		return
-	}
-}
-
-// BadSequenceError is reported for an unexpected SEQNUM.
-type BadSequenceError struct{ Got, Want uint64 }
-
-func (e BadSequenceError) Error() string {
-	return "SEQNUM=" + strconv.FormatUint(e.Got, 10) +
-		", want " + strconv.FormatUint(e.Want, 10)
-}
-
-// Consume receives uevent messages and updates s to reflect state of kernel.
-func (s *State) Consume(ctx context.Context, events <-chan *uevent.Message) {
-	if s.uevent == nil {
-		s.uevent = make(map[string]*Object)
-	}
-	if s.reportErr == nil {
-		s.reportErr = func(error) {}
-	}
-
-	var e Event
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return
-
-		case m, ok := <-events:
-			if !ok {
-				return
-			}
-			e.Populate(s.reportErr, m)
-
-			// skip external synthetic event
-			if e.Synth != nil && *e.Synth != s.coldboot {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if s.seq == 0 {
-				s.seq = e.Sequence
-			}
-			if s.seq != e.Sequence {
-				s.reportErr(BadSequenceError{e.Sequence, s.seq})
-			}
-			s.seq++
-			s.processEvent(&e)
-		}
-	}
-}

internal/kobject/testdata/00-coldboot

@@ -1,266 +0,0 @@
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","MODALIAS=acpi:LNXPWRBN:","SEQNUM=777"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/wakeup/wakeup7","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/wakeup/wakeup7","SUBSYSTEM=wakeup","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=778"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/ACPI0010:00/LNXCPU:00","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/ACPI0010:00/LNXCPU:00","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","MODALIAS=acpi:LNXCPU:","SEQNUM=779"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/ACPI0010:00","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/ACPI0010:00","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","MODALIAS=acpi:ACPI0010:PNP0A05:","SEQNUM=780"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0103:00","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0103:00","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","MODALIAS=acpi:PNP0103:","SEQNUM=781"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/PNP0A06:00","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/PNP0A06:00","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","MODALIAS=acpi:PNP0A06:","SEQNUM=782"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/PNP0A06:01","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/PNP0A06:01","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","MODALIAS=acpi:PNP0A06:","SEQNUM=783"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/PNP0A06:02","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/PNP0A06:02","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","MODALIAS=acpi:PNP0A06:","SEQNUM=784"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/QEMU0002:00","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/QEMU0002:00","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","MODALIAS=acpi:QEMU0002:","SEQNUM=785"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:00","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:00","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=786"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:00/wakeup/wakeup0","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:00/wakeup/wakeup0","SUBSYSTEM=wakeup","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=787"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01/PNP0303:00","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01/PNP0303:00","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","MODALIAS=acpi:PNP0303:","SEQNUM=788"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01/PNP0400:00","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01/PNP0400:00","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","MODALIAS=acpi:PNP0400:","SEQNUM=789"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01/PNP0501:00","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01/PNP0501:00","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","MODALIAS=acpi:PNP0501:","SEQNUM=790"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01/PNP0700:00/device:02","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01/PNP0700:00/device:02","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=791"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01/PNP0700:00","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01/PNP0700:00","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","MODALIAS=acpi:PNP0700:","SEQNUM=792"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01/PNP0B00:00","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01/PNP0B00:00","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","MODALIAS=acpi:PNP0B00:","SEQNUM=793"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01/PNP0F13:00","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01/PNP0F13:00","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","MODALIAS=acpi:PNP0F13:","SEQNUM=794"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=795"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01/wakeup/wakeup1","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:01/wakeup/wakeup1","SUBSYSTEM=wakeup","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=796"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:03","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:03","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=797"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:03/wakeup/wakeup2","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:03/wakeup/wakeup2","SUBSYSTEM=wakeup","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=798"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:04","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:04","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=799"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:04/wakeup/wakeup3","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:04/wakeup/wakeup3","SUBSYSTEM=wakeup","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=800"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:05","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:05","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=801"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:05/wakeup/wakeup4","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:05/wakeup/wakeup4","SUBSYSTEM=wakeup","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=802"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:06","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:06","SUBSYSTEM=acpi","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=803"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:06/wakeup/wakeup5","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:06/wakeup/wakeup5","SUBSYSTEM=wakeup","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=804"]}
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-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/vtconsole/vtcon0","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/vtconsole/vtcon0","SUBSYSTEM=vtconsole","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=1007"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/workqueue/nvme-auth-wq","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/workqueue/nvme-auth-wq","SUBSYSTEM=workqueue","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=1008"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/workqueue/nvme-delete-wq","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/workqueue/nvme-delete-wq","SUBSYSTEM=workqueue","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=1009"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/workqueue/nvme-reset-wq","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/workqueue/nvme-reset-wq","SUBSYSTEM=workqueue","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=1010"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/workqueue/nvme-wq","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/workqueue/nvme-wq","SUBSYSTEM=workqueue","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=1011"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/workqueue/scsi_tmf_0","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/workqueue/scsi_tmf_0","SUBSYSTEM=workqueue","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=1012"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/workqueue/scsi_tmf_1","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/workqueue/scsi_tmf_1","SUBSYSTEM=workqueue","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=1013"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/workqueue/writeback","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/workqueue/writeback","SUBSYSTEM=workqueue","SYNTH_UUID=fe4d7c9d-b8c6-4a70-9ef1-3d8a58d18eed","SEQNUM=1014"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:07/wakeup/wakeup8","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:07/wakeup/wakeup8","SUBSYSTEM=wakeup","SEQNUM=1015"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0","SUBSYSTEM=pci","PCI_CLASS=40100","PCI_ID=1AF4:1059","PCI_SUBSYS_ID=1AF4:1100","PCI_SLOT_NAME=0000:00:04.0","MODALIAS=pci:v00001AF4d00001059sv00001AF4sd00001100bc04sc01i00","SEQNUM=1016"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0/virtio1","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0/virtio1","SUBSYSTEM=virtio","MODALIAS=virtio:d00000019v00001AF4","SEQNUM=1017"]}
-{"action":"bind","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0","env":["ACTION=bind","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0","SUBSYSTEM=pci","DRIVER=virtio-pci","PCI_CLASS=40100","PCI_ID=1AF4:1059","PCI_SUBSYS_ID=1AF4:1100","PCI_SLOT_NAME=0000:00:04.0","MODALIAS=pci:v00001AF4d00001059sv00001AF4sd00001100bc04sc01i00","SEQNUM=1018"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:08/wakeup/wakeup9","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:08/wakeup/wakeup9","SUBSYSTEM=wakeup","SEQNUM=1019"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0","SUBSYSTEM=pci","PCI_CLASS=40100","PCI_ID=1AF4:1059","PCI_SUBSYS_ID=1AF4:1100","PCI_SLOT_NAME=0000:00:05.0","MODALIAS=pci:v00001AF4d00001059sv00001AF4sd00001100bc04sc01i00","SEQNUM=1020"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/virtio2","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/virtio2","SUBSYSTEM=virtio","MODALIAS=virtio:d00000019v00001AF4","SEQNUM=1021"]}
-{"action":"bind","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0","env":["ACTION=bind","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0","SUBSYSTEM=pci","DRIVER=virtio-pci","PCI_CLASS=40100","PCI_ID=1AF4:1059","PCI_SUBSYS_ID=1AF4:1100","PCI_SLOT_NAME=0000:00:05.0","MODALIAS=pci:v00001AF4d00001059sv00001AF4sd00001100bc04sc01i00","SEQNUM=1022"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0/virtio1","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0/virtio1","SUBSYSTEM=virtio","MODALIAS=virtio:d00000019v00001AF4","SEQNUM=1023"]}
-{"action":"unbind","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0","env":["ACTION=unbind","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0","SUBSYSTEM=pci","PCI_CLASS=40100","PCI_ID=1AF4:1059","PCI_SUBSYS_ID=1AF4:1100","PCI_SLOT_NAME=0000:00:04.0","SEQNUM=1024"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:07/wakeup/wakeup8","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:07/wakeup/wakeup8","SUBSYSTEM=wakeup","SEQNUM=1025"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0","SUBSYSTEM=pci","PCI_CLASS=40100","PCI_ID=1AF4:1059","PCI_SUBSYS_ID=1AF4:1100","PCI_SLOT_NAME=0000:00:04.0","MODALIAS=pci:v00001AF4d00001059sv00001AF4sd00001100bc04sc01i00","SEQNUM=1026"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/virtio2","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/virtio2","SUBSYSTEM=virtio","MODALIAS=virtio:d00000019v00001AF4","SEQNUM=1027"]}
-{"action":"unbind","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0","env":["ACTION=unbind","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0","SUBSYSTEM=pci","PCI_CLASS=40100","PCI_ID=1AF4:1059","PCI_SUBSYS_ID=1AF4:1100","PCI_SLOT_NAME=0000:00:05.0","SEQNUM=1028"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:08/wakeup/wakeup9","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:08/wakeup/wakeup9","SUBSYSTEM=wakeup","SEQNUM=1029"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0","SUBSYSTEM=pci","PCI_CLASS=40100","PCI_ID=1AF4:1059","PCI_SUBSYS_ID=1AF4:1100","PCI_SLOT_NAME=0000:00:05.0","MODALIAS=pci:v00001AF4d00001059sv00001AF4sd00001100bc04sc01i00","SEQNUM=1030"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:07/wakeup/wakeup8","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:07/wakeup/wakeup8","SUBSYSTEM=wakeup","SEQNUM=1031"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0","SUBSYSTEM=pci","PCI_CLASS=40100","PCI_ID=1AF4:1059","PCI_SUBSYS_ID=1AF4:1100","PCI_SLOT_NAME=0000:00:04.0","MODALIAS=pci:v00001AF4d00001059sv00001AF4sd00001100bc04sc01i00","SEQNUM=1032"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0/virtio1","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0/virtio1","SUBSYSTEM=virtio","MODALIAS=virtio:d00000019v00001AF4","SEQNUM=1033"]}
-{"action":"bind","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0","env":["ACTION=bind","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0","SUBSYSTEM=pci","DRIVER=virtio-pci","PCI_CLASS=40100","PCI_ID=1AF4:1059","PCI_SUBSYS_ID=1AF4:1100","PCI_SLOT_NAME=0000:00:04.0","MODALIAS=pci:v00001AF4d00001059sv00001AF4sd00001100bc04sc01i00","SEQNUM=1034"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:08/wakeup/wakeup9","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:08/wakeup/wakeup9","SUBSYSTEM=wakeup","SEQNUM=1035"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0","SUBSYSTEM=pci","PCI_CLASS=40100","PCI_ID=1AF4:1059","PCI_SUBSYS_ID=1AF4:1100","PCI_SLOT_NAME=0000:00:05.0","MODALIAS=pci:v00001AF4d00001059sv00001AF4sd00001100bc04sc01i00","SEQNUM=1036"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/virtio2","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/virtio2","SUBSYSTEM=virtio","MODALIAS=virtio:d00000019v00001AF4","SEQNUM=1037"]}
-{"action":"bind","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0","env":["ACTION=bind","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0","SUBSYSTEM=pci","DRIVER=virtio-pci","PCI_CLASS=40100","PCI_ID=1AF4:1059","PCI_SUBSYS_ID=1AF4:1100","PCI_SLOT_NAME=0000:00:05.0","MODALIAS=pci:v00001AF4d00001059sv00001AF4sd00001100bc04sc01i00","SEQNUM=1038"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/virtio2","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/virtio2","SUBSYSTEM=virtio","MODALIAS=virtio:d00000019v00001AF4","SEQNUM=1039"]}
-{"action":"unbind","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0","env":["ACTION=unbind","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0","SUBSYSTEM=pci","PCI_CLASS=40100","PCI_ID=1AF4:1059","PCI_SUBSYS_ID=1AF4:1100","PCI_SLOT_NAME=0000:00:05.0","SEQNUM=1040"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:08/wakeup/wakeup9","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A03:00/device:08/wakeup/wakeup9","SUBSYSTEM=wakeup","SEQNUM=1041"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0","SUBSYSTEM=pci","PCI_CLASS=40100","PCI_ID=1AF4:1059","PCI_SUBSYS_ID=1AF4:1100","PCI_SLOT_NAME=0000:00:05.0","MODALIAS=pci:v00001AF4d00001059sv00001AF4sd00001100bc04sc01i00","SEQNUM=1042"]}

internal/kobject/testdata/01-move

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-{"action":"move","devpath":"/devices/virtual/net/_lo","env":["ACTION=move","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/net/_lo","SUBSYSTEM=net","DEVPATH_OLD=/devices/virtual/net/lo","INTERFACE=_lo","IFINDEX=1","SEQNUM=1043"]}

internal/kobject/testdata/02-cpu

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheck0","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheck0","SUBSYSTEM=machinecheck","SEQNUM=1044"]}
-{"action":"offline","devpath":"/devices/system/cpu/cpu0","env":["ACTION=offline","DEVPATH=/devices/system/cpu/cpu0","SUBSYSTEM=cpu","DRIVER=processor","MODALIAS=cpu:type:x86,ven0002fam000Fmod006B:feature:,0000,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,000B,000C,000D,000E,000F,0010,0011,0013,0017,0018,0019,001A,001C,0020,0022,0023,0024,0025,0026,0027,0028,0029,002B,002C,002D,002E,002F,0030,0031,0034,0037,0038,003D,0064,006E,0070,0074,0075,0076,0079,007A,007F,0080,008D,0095,009F,00C0,00C1,00C8,00ED,00F3,010F,0115,0165,016C,0282\n","SEQNUM=1045"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheck0","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheck0","SUBSYSTEM=machinecheck","SEQNUM=1046"]}
-{"action":"online","devpath":"/devices/system/cpu/cpu0","env":["ACTION=online","DEVPATH=/devices/system/cpu/cpu0","SUBSYSTEM=cpu","DRIVER=processor","MODALIAS=cpu:type:x86,ven0002fam000Fmod006B:feature:,0000,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,000B,000C,000D,000E,000F,0010,0011,0013,0017,0018,0019,001A,001C,0020,0022,0023,0024,0025,0026,0027,0028,0029,002B,002C,002D,002E,002F,0030,0031,0034,0037,0038,003D,0064,006E,0070,0074,0075,0076,0079,007A,007F,0080,008D,0095,009F,00C0,00C1,00C8,00ED,00F3,010F,0115,0165,016C,0282\n","SEQNUM=1047"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheck0","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheck0","SUBSYSTEM=machinecheck","SEQNUM=1048"]}
-{"action":"offline","devpath":"/devices/system/cpu/cpu0","env":["ACTION=offline","DEVPATH=/devices/system/cpu/cpu0","SUBSYSTEM=cpu","DRIVER=processor","MODALIAS=cpu:type:x86,ven0002fam000Fmod006B:feature:,0000,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,000B,000C,000D,000E,000F,0010,0011,0013,0017,0018,0019,001A,001C,0020,0022,0023,0024,0025,0026,0027,0028,0029,002B,002C,002D,002E,002F,0030,0031,0034,0037,0038,003D,0064,006E,0070,0074,0075,0076,0079,007A,007F,0080,008D,0095,009F,00C0,00C1,00C8,00ED,00F3,010F,0115,0165,016C,0282\n","SEQNUM=1049"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheck0","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheck0","SUBSYSTEM=machinecheck","SEQNUM=1050"]}
-{"action":"online","devpath":"/devices/system/cpu/cpu0","env":["ACTION=online","DEVPATH=/devices/system/cpu/cpu0","SUBSYSTEM=cpu","DRIVER=processor","MODALIAS=cpu:type:x86,ven0002fam000Fmod006B:feature:,0000,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,000B,000C,000D,000E,000F,0010,0011,0013,0017,0018,0019,001A,001C,0020,0022,0023,0024,0025,0026,0027,0028,0029,002B,002C,002D,002E,002F,0030,0031,0034,0037,0038,003D,0064,006E,0070,0074,0075,0076,0079,007A,007F,0080,008D,0095,009F,00C0,00C1,00C8,00ED,00F3,010F,0115,0165,016C,0282\n","SEQNUM=1051"]}

internal/kobject/testdata/03-loop

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/misc/loop-control","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/misc/loop-control","SUBSYSTEM=misc","MAJOR=10","MINOR=237","DEVNAME=loop-control","SEQNUM=1052"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/bdi/7:0","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/bdi/7:0","SUBSYSTEM=bdi","SEQNUM=1053"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop0","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop0","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=0","DEVNAME=loop0","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=2","SEQNUM=1054"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/bdi/7:1","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/bdi/7:1","SUBSYSTEM=bdi","SEQNUM=1055"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop1","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop1","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=1","DEVNAME=loop1","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=3","SEQNUM=1056"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/bdi/7:2","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/bdi/7:2","SUBSYSTEM=bdi","SEQNUM=1057"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop2","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop2","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=2","DEVNAME=loop2","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=4","SEQNUM=1058"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/bdi/7:3","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/bdi/7:3","SUBSYSTEM=bdi","SEQNUM=1059"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop3","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop3","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=3","DEVNAME=loop3","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=5","SEQNUM=1060"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/bdi/7:4","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/bdi/7:4","SUBSYSTEM=bdi","SEQNUM=1061"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop4","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop4","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=4","DEVNAME=loop4","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=6","SEQNUM=1062"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/bdi/7:5","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/bdi/7:5","SUBSYSTEM=bdi","SEQNUM=1063"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop5","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop5","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=5","DEVNAME=loop5","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=7","SEQNUM=1064"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/bdi/7:6","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/bdi/7:6","SUBSYSTEM=bdi","SEQNUM=1065"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop6","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop6","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=6","DEVNAME=loop6","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=8","SEQNUM=1066"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/bdi/7:7","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/bdi/7:7","SUBSYSTEM=bdi","SEQNUM=1067"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop7","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop7","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=7","DEVNAME=loop7","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=9","SEQNUM=1068"]}
-{"action":"add","devpath":"/module/loop","env":["ACTION=add","DEVPATH=/module/loop","SUBSYSTEM=module","SEQNUM=1069"]}
-{"action":"change","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop0","env":["ACTION=change","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop0","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=0","DEVNAME=loop0","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=10","SEQNUM=1070"]}

internal/kobject/testdata/04-loop-detach

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-{"action":"change","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop0","env":["ACTION=change","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop0","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=0","DEVNAME=loop0","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=10","SEQNUM=1071"]}
-{"action":"change","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop0","env":["ACTION=change","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop0","SUBSYSTEM=block","DISK_MEDIA_CHANGE=1","MAJOR=7","MINOR=0","DEVNAME=loop0","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=10","SEQNUM=1072"]}

internal/kobject/testdata/05-loop-remove

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/virtual/misc/loop-control","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/misc/loop-control","SUBSYSTEM=misc","MAJOR=10","MINOR=237","DEVNAME=loop-control","SEQNUM=1073"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/virtual/bdi/7:0","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/bdi/7:0","SUBSYSTEM=bdi","SEQNUM=1074"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop0","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop0","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=0","DEVNAME=loop0","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=11","SEQNUM=1075"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/virtual/bdi/7:1","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/bdi/7:1","SUBSYSTEM=bdi","SEQNUM=1076"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop1","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop1","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=1","DEVNAME=loop1","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=3","SEQNUM=1077"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/virtual/bdi/7:2","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/bdi/7:2","SUBSYSTEM=bdi","SEQNUM=1078"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop2","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop2","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=2","DEVNAME=loop2","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=4","SEQNUM=1079"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/virtual/bdi/7:3","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/bdi/7:3","SUBSYSTEM=bdi","SEQNUM=1080"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop3","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop3","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=3","DEVNAME=loop3","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=5","SEQNUM=1081"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/virtual/bdi/7:4","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/bdi/7:4","SUBSYSTEM=bdi","SEQNUM=1082"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop4","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop4","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=4","DEVNAME=loop4","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=6","SEQNUM=1083"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/virtual/bdi/7:5","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/bdi/7:5","SUBSYSTEM=bdi","SEQNUM=1084"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop5","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop5","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=5","DEVNAME=loop5","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=7","SEQNUM=1085"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/virtual/bdi/7:6","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/bdi/7:6","SUBSYSTEM=bdi","SEQNUM=1086"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop6","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop6","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=6","DEVNAME=loop6","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=8","SEQNUM=1087"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/virtual/bdi/7:7","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/bdi/7:7","SUBSYSTEM=bdi","SEQNUM=1088"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/devices/virtual/block/loop7","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/devices/virtual/block/loop7","SUBSYSTEM=block","MAJOR=7","MINOR=7","DEVNAME=loop7","DEVTYPE=disk","DISKSEQ=9","SEQNUM=1089"]}
-{"action":"remove","devpath":"/module/loop","env":["ACTION=remove","DEVPATH=/module/loop","SUBSYSTEM=module","SEQNUM=1090"]}

internal/lockedfile/transform_test.go

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func TestTransform(t *testing.T) {
 
 	const maxChunkWords = 8 << 10
 	buf := make([]byte, 2*maxChunkWords*8)
-	for i := range uint64(2 * maxChunkWords) {
+	for i := uint64(0); i < 2*maxChunkWords; i++ {
 		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(buf[i*8:], i)
 	}
 	if err := lockedfile.Write(path, bytes.NewReader(buf[:8]), 0666); err != nil {

internal/outcome/dispatcher_test.go

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"hakurei.app/container/seccomp"
 	"hakurei.app/container/std"
 	"hakurei.app/hst"
-	"hakurei.app/internal/env"
 	"hakurei.app/internal/stub"
 	"hakurei.app/internal/system"
 	"hakurei.app/message"
@@ -175,7 +174,6 @@ func checkOpBehaviour(t *testing.T, testCases []opBehaviourTestCase) {
 		call("cmdOutput", stub.ExpectArgs{container.Nonexistent, os.Stderr, []string{}, "/"}, []byte("0"), nil),
 		call("tempdir", stub.ExpectArgs{}, container.Nonexistent+"/tmp", nil),
 		call("lookupEnv", stub.ExpectArgs{"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR"}, wantRuntimePath, nil),
-		call("stat", stub.ExpectArgs{env.VarRunNscd}, stubFileInfoIsDir(true), nil),
 		call("getuid", stub.ExpectArgs{}, 1000, nil),
 		call("getgid", stub.ExpectArgs{}, 100, nil),
 

internal/outcome/finalise.go

@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ func (k *outcome) finalise(
 	supp := make([]string, len(config.Groups))
 	for i, name := range config.Groups {
 		if gid, err := k.lookupGroupId(name); err != nil {
-			if unknownGroupError, ok := errors.AsType[user.UnknownGroupError](err); ok {
+			var unknownGroupError user.UnknownGroupError
+			if errors.As(err, &unknownGroupError) {
 				return newWithMessageError(fmt.Sprintf("unknown group %q", name), unknownGroupError)
 			} else {
 				return &hst.AppError{Step: "look up group by name", Err: err, Msg: err.Error()}

internal/outcome/hsu.go

@@ -51,16 +51,18 @@ func (h *Hsu) ID() (int, error) {
 		cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr // pass through fatal messages
 		cmd.Env = make([]string, 0)
 		cmd.Dir = fhs.Root
-		var p []byte
+		var (
+			p         []byte
+			exitError *exec.ExitError
+		)
+
 		const step = "obtain uid from hsu"
 		if p, h.idErr = h.k.cmdOutput(cmd); h.idErr == nil {
 			h.id, h.idErr = strconv.Atoi(string(p))
 			if h.idErr != nil {
 				h.idErr = &hst.AppError{Step: step, Err: h.idErr, Msg: "invalid uid string from hsu"}
 			}
-		} else if exitError, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](h.idErr); ok &&
+		} else if errors.As(h.idErr, &exitError) && exitError != nil && exitError.ExitCode() == 1 {
-			exitError != nil &&
-			exitError.ExitCode() == 1 {
 			// hsu prints an error message in this case
 			h.idErr = &hst.AppError{Step: step, Err: ErrHsuAccess}
 		} else if errors.Is(h.idErr, os.ErrNotExist) {

internal/outcome/outcome.go

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ func newOutcomeState(k syscallDispatcher, msg message.Msg, id *hst.ID, config *h
 		Paths: env.CopyPathsFunc(k.fatalf, k.tempdir, func(key string) string {
 			v, _ := k.lookupEnv(key)
 			return v
-		}, k.stat),
+		}),
 		Container: config.Container,
 	}
 

internal/outcome/process.go

@@ -328,11 +328,11 @@ func (k *outcome) main(msg message.Msg, identifierFd int) {
 				}
 
 				if err := k.sys.Revert((*system.Criteria)(&ec)); err != nil {
-					joinError, ok := errors.AsType[interface {
+					var joinError interface {
 						Unwrap() []error
 						error
-					}](err)
+					}
-					if !ok || joinError == nil {
+					if !errors.As(err, &joinError) || joinError == nil {
 						perror(err, "revert system setup")
 					} else {
 						for _, v := range joinError.Unwrap() {

internal/outcome/run_test.go

@@ -136,13 +136,16 @@ func TestOutcomeRun(t *testing.T) {
 				Tmpfs(fhs.AbsDevShm, 0, 01777).
 
 				// spRuntimeOp
-				Tmpfs(fhs.AbsRun, xdgRuntimeDirSize, 0755).
 				Tmpfs(fhs.AbsRunUser, xdgRuntimeDirSize, 0755).
 				Bind(m("/tmp/hakurei.0/runtime/9"), m("/run/user/1971"), std.BindWritable).
 
 				// spTmpdirOp
 				Bind(m("/tmp/hakurei.0/tmpdir/9"), fhs.AbsTmp, std.BindWritable).
 
+				// spAccountOp
+				Place(m("/etc/passwd"), []byte("chronos:x:1971:100:Hakurei:/data/data/org.chromium.Chromium:/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh\n")).
+				Place(m("/etc/group"), []byte("hakurei:x:100:\n")).
+
 				// spWaylandOp
 				Bind(m("/tmp/hakurei.0/aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/wayland"), m("/run/user/1971/wayland-0"), 0).
 
@@ -449,7 +452,7 @@ func TestOutcomeRun(t *testing.T) {
 
 				Path: m("/nix/store/yqivzpzzn7z5x0lq9hmbzygh45d8rhqd-chromium-start"),
 
-				Flags: hst.FUserns | hst.FHostNet | hst.FMapRealUID | hst.FNoPlace | hst.FShareRuntime | hst.FShareTmpdir,
+				Flags: hst.FUserns | hst.FHostNet | hst.FMapRealUID | hst.FShareRuntime | hst.FShareTmpdir,
 			},
 			SystemBus: &hst.BusConfig{
 				Talk:   []string{"org.bluez", "org.freedesktop.Avahi", "org.freedesktop.UPower"},
@@ -544,6 +547,8 @@ func TestOutcomeRun(t *testing.T) {
 				Tmpfs(m("/run/user/"), xdgRuntimeDirSize, 0755).
 				Bind(m("/tmp/hakurei.0/runtime/1"), m("/run/user/1971"), std.BindWritable).
 				Bind(m("/tmp/hakurei.0/tmpdir/1"), m("/tmp/"), std.BindWritable).
+				Place(m("/etc/passwd"), []byte("u0_a1:x:1971:100:Hakurei:/var/lib/persist/module/hakurei/0/1:/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh\n")).
+				Place(m("/etc/group"), []byte("hakurei:x:100:\n")).
 				Bind(m("/run/user/1971/wayland-0"), m("/run/user/1971/wayland-0"), 0).
 				Bind(m("/tmp/hakurei.0/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/pipewire"), m("/run/user/1971/pipewire-0"), 0).
 				Bind(m("/tmp/hakurei.0/8e2c76b066dabe574cf073bdb46eb5c1/bus"), m("/run/user/1971/bus"), 0).
@@ -710,7 +715,7 @@ func (k *stubNixOS) lookupEnv(key string) (string, bool) {
 func (k *stubNixOS) stat(name string) (fs.FileInfo, error) {
 	switch name {
 	case "/var/run/nscd":
-		return stubFileInfoIsDir(true), nil
+		return nil, nil
 	case "/run/user/1971/pulse":
 		return nil, nil
 	case "/run/user/1971/pulse/native":

internal/outcome/shim.go

@@ -390,8 +390,8 @@ func shimEntrypoint(k syscallDispatcher) {
 	if err := k.containerWait(z); err != nil {
 		sp.destroy()
 
-		exitError, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](err)
+		var exitError *exec.ExitError
-		if !ok {
+		if !errors.As(err, &exitError) {
 			if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
 				k.exit(hst.ExitCancel)
 			}