TODO: docs

squash this into the commit that first added all_tests.ts, we don't even
want to have a trace of it left

for the cli ones, we can simply iterate the filesystem relative our
location. for the web one, we determine it on launch and expose it as an
endpoint from the server which the client queries

.gitignore

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 # go generate
 /cmd/hakurei/LICENSE
 /cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/static
-/internal/pkg/testdata/testtool
+/internal/pkg/internal/testtool/testtool
 /internal/rosa/hakurei_current.tar.gz
 
 # cmd/dist default destination

all.sh

@@ -1,10 +1,3 @@
 #!/bin/sh -e
 
-TOOLCHAIN_VERSION="$(go version)"
-cd "$(dirname -- "$0")/"
-echo "Building cmd/dist using ${TOOLCHAIN_VERSION}."
-FLAGS=''
-if test -n "$VERBOSE"; then
-    FLAGS="$FLAGS -v"
-fi
-go run $FLAGS --tags=dist ./cmd/dist
+HAKUREI_DIST_MAKE='' exec "$(dirname -- "$0")/cmd/dist/dist.sh"

cmd/dist/dist.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+
+TOOLCHAIN_VERSION="$(go version)"
+cd "$(dirname -- "$0")/../.."
+echo "Building cmd/dist using ${TOOLCHAIN_VERSION}."
+FLAGS=''
+if test -n "$VERBOSE"; then
+    FLAGS="$FLAGS -v"
+fi
+go run $FLAGS --tags=dist ./cmd/dist

cmd/dist/main.go

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ func main() {
 	log.SetPrefix("")
 
 	verbose := os.Getenv("VERBOSE") != ""
+	runTests := os.Getenv("HAKUREI_DIST_MAKE") == ""
 	version := getenv("HAKUREI_VERSION", "untagged")
 	prefix := getenv("PREFIX", "/usr")
 	destdir := getenv("DESTDIR", "dist")
@@ -101,13 +102,15 @@ func main() {
 	)
 	log.Println()
 
-	log.Println("##### Testing Hakurei.")
-	mustRun(
-		ctx, "go", "test",
-		"-ldflags=-buildid= -linkmode external -extldflags=-static",
-		"./...",
-	)
-	log.Println()
+	if runTests {
+		log.Println("##### Testing Hakurei.")
+		mustRun(
+			ctx, "go", "test",
+			"-ldflags=-buildid= -linkmode external -extldflags=-static",
+			"./...",
+		)
+		log.Println()
+	}
 
 	log.Println("##### Creating distribution.")
 	const suffix = ".tar.gz"

cmd/mbf/cache.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"hakurei.app/check"
+	"hakurei.app/container"
 	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
 	"hakurei.app/message"
 )
@@ -19,8 +20,15 @@ type cache struct {
 	// Should generally not be used directly.
 	c *pkg.Cache
 
-	cures, jobs        int
-	hostAbstract, idle bool
+	cures, jobs int
+	// Primarily to work around missing landlock LSM.
+	hostAbstract bool
+	// Set SCHED_IDLE.
+	idle bool
+	// Unset [pkg.CSuppressInit].
+	verboseInit bool
+	// Loaded artifact of [rosa.QEMU].
+	qemu pkg.Artifact
 
 	base string
 }
@@ -45,6 +53,9 @@ func (cache *cache) open() (err error) {
 	if cache.hostAbstract {
 		flags |= pkg.CHostAbstract
 	}
+	if !cache.verboseInit {
+		flags |= pkg.CSuppressInit
+	}
 
 	done := make(chan struct{})
 	defer close(done)
@@ -70,6 +81,39 @@ func (cache *cache) open() (err error) {
 		cache.jobs,
 		base,
 	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	done <- struct{}{}
+
+	if cache.qemu != nil {
+		var pathname *check.Absolute
+		pathname, _, err = cache.c.Cure(cache.qemu)
+		if err != nil {
+			cache.c.Close()
+			return
+		}
+
+		pkg.RegisterArch("riscv64", container.BinfmtEntry{
+			Offset: 0,
+			Magic:  "\x7fELF\x02\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\xf3\x00",
+			Mask:   "\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff",
+			Interpreter: pathname.Append(
+				"system/bin",
+				"qemu-riscv64",
+			),
+		})
+		pkg.RegisterArch("arm64", container.BinfmtEntry{
+			Offset: 0,
+			Magic:  "\x7fELF\x02\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\xb7\x00",
+			Mask:   "\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfc\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff",
+			Interpreter: pathname.Append(
+				"system/bin",
+				"qemu-aarch64",
+			),
+		})
+	}
+
 	return
 }
 

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/all_tests.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+// Import all test files to register their test suites.
+import "./index_test.js";

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/index_test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+import { suite, test } from "./jstest/jstest.js";
+import "./index.js";

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/jstest/cli.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+// Many editors have terminal emulators built in, so running tests with NodeJS
+// provides faster iteration, especially for those acclimated to test-driven
+// development.
+
+import "../all_tests.js";
+import { StreamReporter, GLOBAL_REGISTRAR } from "./jstest.js";
+
+// TypeScript doesn't like process and Deno as their type definitions aren't
+// installed, but doesn't seem to complain if they're accessed through
+// globalThis.
+const process: any = (globalThis as any).process;
+const Deno: any = (globalThis as any).Deno;
+
+function getArgs(): string[] {
+    if (process) {
+        const [runtime, program, ...args] = process.argv;
+        return args;
+    }
+    if (Deno) return Deno.args;
+    return [];
+}
+
+function exit(code?: number): never {
+    if (Deno) Deno.exit(code);
+    if (process) process.exit(code);
+    throw `exited with code ${code ?? 0}`;
+}
+
+const args = getArgs();
+let verbose = false;
+if (args.length > 1) {
+    console.error("Too many arguments");
+    exit(1);
+}
+if (args.length === 1) {
+    if (args[0] === "-v" || args[0] === "--verbose" || args[0] === "-verbose") {
+        verbose = true;
+    } else if (args[0] !== "--") {
+        console.error(`Unknown argument '${args[0]}'`);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+}
+
+let reporter = new StreamReporter({ writeln: console.log }, verbose);
+GLOBAL_REGISTRAR.run(reporter);
+exit(reporter.succeeded() ? 0 : 1);

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/jstest/failure-closed.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!-- See failure-open.svg for an explanation of the view box dimensions. -->
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" viewBox="-20,-20 160 130">
+    <!-- This triangle should match success-closed.svg, fill and stroke color notwithstanding. -->
+    <polygon points="0,0 100,50 0,100" fill="red" stroke="red" stroke-width="15" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
+    <!--
+     ! y-coordinates go before x-coordinates here to highlight the difference
+     ! (or, lack thereof) between these numbers and the ones in failure-open.svg;
+     ! try a textual diff. Make sure to keep the numbers in sync!
+     -->
+    <line y1="30" x1="10" y2="70" x2="50" stroke="white" stroke-width="16"/>
+    <line y1="30" x1="50" y2="70" x2="10" stroke="white" stroke-width="16"/>
+</svg>

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/jstest/failure-open.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--
+ ! This view box is a bit weird: the strokes assume they're working in a view
+ ! box that spans from the (0,0) to (100,100), and indeed that is convenient
+ ! conceptualizing the strokes, but the stroke itself has a considerable width
+ ! that gets clipped by restrictive view box dimensions. Hence, the view is
+ ! shifted from (0,0)–(100,100) to (-20,-20)–(120,120), to make room for the
+ ! clipped stroke, while leaving behind an illusion of working in a view box
+ ! spanning from (0,0) to (100,100).
+ !
+ ! However, the resulting SVG is too close to the summary text, and CSS
+ ! properties to add padding do not seem to work with `content:` (likely because
+ ! they're anonymous replaced elements); thus, the width of the view is
+ ! increased considerably to provide padding in the SVG itself, while leaving
+ ! the strokes oblivious.
+ !
+ ! It gets worse: the summary text isn't vertically aligned with the icon! As
+ ! a flexbox cannot be used in a summary to align the marker with the text, the
+ ! simplest and most effective solution is to reduce the height of the view box
+ ! from 140 to 130, thereby removing some of the bottom padding present.
+ !
+ ! All six SVGs use the same view box (and indeed, they refer to this comment)
+ ! so that they all appear to be the same size and position relative to each
+ ! other on the DOM—indeed, the view box dimensions, alongside the width,
+ ! directly control their placement on the DOM.
+ !
+ ! TL;DR: CSS is janky, overflow is weird, and SVG is awesome!
+ -->
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" viewBox="-20,-20 160 130">
+    <!-- This triangle should match success-open.svg, fill and stroke color notwithstanding. -->
+    <polygon points="0,0 100,0 50,100" fill="red" stroke="red" stroke-width="15" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
+    <!-- See the comment in failure-closed.svg before modifying this. -->
+    <line x1="30" y1="10" x2="70" y2="50" stroke="white" stroke-width="16"/>
+    <line x1="30" y1="50" x2="70" y2="10" stroke="white" stroke-width="16"/>
+</svg>

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/jstest/go_test_entrypoint.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import "../all_tests.js";
+import { GoTestReporter, GLOBAL_REGISTRAR } from "./jstest.js";
+GLOBAL_REGISTRAR.run(new GoTestReporter());

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/jstest/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="./style.css">
+    <title>PkgServer Tests</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<noscript>
+    I hate JavaScript as much as you, but this page runs tests written in
+    JavaScript to test the functionality of code written in JavaScript, so it
+    wouldn't make sense for it to work without JavaScript. <strong>Please turn
+    JavaScript on!</strong>
+</noscript>
+
+<h1>PkgServer Tests</h1>
+
+<main>
+<p id="counters">
+    <span id="success-counter">0</span> succeeded, <span id="failure-counter">0</span>
+    failed<span id="skip-counter-text" hidden>, <span id="skip-counter">0</span> skipped</span>.
+</p>
+
+<p hidden id="success-description">Successful test</p>
+<p hidden id="failure-description">Failed test</p>
+<p hidden id="skip-description">Partially or fully skipped test</p>
+
+<div id="root">
+</div>
+
+<script type="module">
+    import "../all_tests.js";
+    import { DOMReporter, GLOBAL_REGISTRAR } from "./jstest.js";
+    GLOBAL_REGISTRAR.run(new DOMReporter());
+</script>
+</main>
+</body>
+</html>

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/jstest/jstest.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+// =============================================================================
+// DSL
+
+type TestTree = TestGroup | Test;
+type TestGroup = { name: string; children: TestTree[] };
+type Test = { name: string; test: (t: TestController) => void };
+
+// A registrar provides a central location to register test suites.
+export class TestRegistrar {
+    // Note that, while this is equivalent to a new tree node sans a name, the
+    // lack of a name provides the illusion of multiple “top-level” suites,
+    // while still allowing reporters to pick their favorite name—say, “JS
+    // tests”—were they to need to label all suites together.
+    #suites: TestGroup[];
+
+    constructor() {
+        this.#suites = [];
+    }
+
+    suite(name: string, children: TestTree[]) {
+        checkDuplicates(name, children);
+        this.#suites.push({ name, children });
+    }
+
+    run(reporter: Reporter) {
+        reporter.register(this.#suites);
+        for (const suite of this.#suites) {
+            for (const c of suite.children) runTests(reporter, [suite.name], c);
+        }
+        reporter.finalize();
+    }
+}
+
+export let GLOBAL_REGISTRAR = new TestRegistrar();
+
+// Register a suite in the global registrar.
+export function suite(name: string, children: TestTree[]) {
+    GLOBAL_REGISTRAR.suite(name, children);
+}
+
+export function group(name: string, children: TestTree[]): TestTree {
+    checkDuplicates(name, children);
+    return { name, children };
+}
+export const context = group;
+export const describe = group;
+
+export function test(name: string, test: (t: TestController) => void): TestTree {
+    return { name, test };
+}
+
+// While this function could certainly refine the type to a map instead of
+// simply checking for duplicates and discarding that knowledge, these test
+// trees are primarily for flooding—that is, iteration—for which an array is
+// better suited.
+function checkDuplicates(parent: string, names: { name: string }[]) {
+    let seen = new Set<string>();
+    for (const { name } of names) {
+        if (seen.has(name)) {
+            throw new RangeError(`duplicate name '${name}' in '${parent}'`);
+        }
+        seen.add(name);
+    }
+}
+
+export type TestState = "success" | "failure" | "skip";
+
+class AbortSentinel {}
+
+export class TestController {
+    #state: TestState;
+    logs: string[];
+
+    constructor() {
+        this.#state = "success";
+        this.logs = [];
+    }
+
+    getState(): TestState {
+        return this.#state;
+    }
+
+    fail() {
+        this.#state = "failure";
+    }
+
+    failed(): boolean {
+        return this.#state === "failure";
+    }
+
+    failNow(): never {
+        this.fail();
+        throw new AbortSentinel();
+    }
+
+    log(message: string) {
+        this.logs.push(message);
+    }
+
+    error(message: string) {
+        this.log(message);
+        this.fail();
+    }
+
+    fatal(message: string): never {
+        this.log(message);
+        this.failNow();
+    }
+
+    skip(message?: string): never {
+        if (message != null) this.log(message);
+        if (this.#state !== "failure") this.#state = "skip";
+        throw new AbortSentinel();
+    }
+
+    skipped(): boolean {
+        return this.#state === "skip";
+    }
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Execution
+
+export interface TestResult {
+    state: TestState;
+    logs: string[];
+}
+
+function runTests(reporter: Reporter, parents: string[], node: TestTree) {
+    const path = [...parents, node.name];
+    if ("children" in node) {
+        for (const c of node.children) runTests(reporter, path, c);
+        return;
+    }
+    let controller = new TestController();
+    try {
+        node.test(controller);
+    } catch (e) {
+        if (!(e instanceof AbortSentinel)) {
+            controller.error(extractExceptionString(e));
+        }
+    }
+    reporter.update(path, { state: controller.getState(), logs: controller.logs });
+}
+
+function extractExceptionString(e: any): string {
+    // String() instead of .toString() as null and undefined don't have
+    // properties.
+    const s = String(e);
+    if (!(e instanceof Error && e.stack)) return s;
+    // v8 (Chromium, NodeJS) includes the error message, while Firefox and
+    // WebKit do not.
+    if (e.stack.startsWith(s)) return e.stack;
+    return `${s}\n${e.stack}`;
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Reporting
+
+export interface Reporter {
+    // A notable feature—or flaw, to some—of the DSL is that the tree of tests
+    // is statically known, which might greatly aid in implementing a reporter.
+    register(suites: TestGroup[]): void;
+    // While we could simply call a function with a tree representing all
+    // results, which would indeed greatly simplify implementation of reporters,
+    // simply registering a path and allowing the reporter to—either implicitly
+    // or explicitly—construct a tree themselves allows for results to be
+    // *incrementally reported*, instead of a great deal of silence until all
+    // tests finish.
+    update(path: string[], result: TestResult): void;
+    // With just update(), the reporter never knows when all tests have
+    // completed. The simplest possible use for this is to notify the user, but
+    // its intent is actually more tailored to the StreamReporter scenario:
+    // while destructively updated report rendering (as with a tree of DOM nodes
+    // which are mutated) always displays the results in a structured manner
+    // matching that of the tests, “rerendering” or otherwise destructively
+    // updating the rendered output might be infeasible in some paradigms, such
+    // as command-line applications—all existing implementations of such
+    // rendering both mess up the scrollback position and necessarily crop out
+    // some of the data at the bottom (since the top of the tree is forced to be
+    // at the top of the screen, as one cannot unscroll portably). Explicitly
+    // signaling to the reporter that no more results will be received permits
+    // it to simply display live test progress linearly, while building up
+    // a tree and displaying it once it's known the tree is complete.
+    finalize(): void;
+}
+
+// A reporter that diligently reports absolutely nothing. This is essentially
+// a way to “undo” the incremental reporting update() provides, getting back the
+// underlying result tree; this makes it extremely convenient in some cases like
+// testing ourself.
+export class NoOpReporter implements Reporter {
+    suites: TestGroup[];
+    results: ({ path: string[] } & TestResult)[];
+    finalized: boolean;
+
+    constructor() {
+        this.suites = [];
+        this.results = [];
+        this.finalized = false;
+    }
+
+    register(suites: TestGroup[]) {
+        this.suites = suites;
+    }
+
+    update(path: string[], result: TestResult) {
+        this.results.push({ path, ...result });
+    }
+
+    finalize() {
+        this.finalized = true;
+    }
+}
+
+export interface Stream {
+    writeln(s: string): void;
+}
+
+const SEP = " ❯ ";
+
+// A simple reporter that outputs to some stream; suitable for CLIs.
+export class StreamReporter implements Reporter {
+    stream: Stream;
+    verbose: boolean;
+    #successes: ({ path: string[] } & TestResult)[];
+    #failures: ({ path: string[] } & TestResult)[];
+    #skips: ({ path: string[] } & TestResult)[];
+
+    constructor(stream: Stream, verbose: boolean = false) {
+        this.stream = stream;
+        this.verbose = verbose;
+        this.#successes = [];
+        this.#failures = [];
+        this.#skips = [];
+    }
+
+    succeeded(): boolean {
+        return this.#successes.length > 0 && this.#failures.length === 0;
+    }
+
+    // We don't need the structure for reporting.
+    register(suites: TestGroup[]) {}
+
+    update(path: string[], result: TestResult) {
+        if (path.length === 0) throw new RangeError("path is empty");
+        const pathStr = path.join(SEP);
+        switch (result.state) {
+        case "success":
+            this.#successes.push({ path, ...result });
+            // NOTE: emojis are used instead of colored Unicode symbols as
+            // coloring isn't possible through all streams and detecting if
+            // colors should be used is very difficult¹. Furthermore, ensuring
+            // reasonable contrast is retained on every possible theme is
+            // difficult, with reverse video often being the only way (which
+            // also has questionable support across terminal emulators), and the
+            // Unicode characters might be too small to be immediately
+            // noticeable—consider ✓ and ⚠ and ✗. Emojis have an upper hand in
+            // that they're more common than obscure Unicode characters—which
+            // also means you're likely to have an emoji font but not a font for
+            // some weird symbols—and that they're double-width. Finally,
+            // Unicode characters are often very different across fonts; some
+            // fonts make ⚠ filled in, while others have just an outline for the
+            // triangle (which is much harder to comprehend), and the various
+            // crosses like all of x ⨯ × ✕ ✖ ✗ 🗙 🞨 🞩 🞪 🞫 🞬 🞭 🞮 look different
+            // across different fonts, which makes using them for some specific
+            // purpose difficult. Emojis don't have this problem because emoji
+            // vendors try to make them look similar to each other.
+            //
+            // ¹This necessitates checking if the stream is a TTY, checking if
+            //  $TERM is `dumb` when connected to a TTY, checking
+            //  https://no-color.org, https://bixense.com/clicolors, and
+            //  https://force-color.org, checking if setting the
+            //  ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING bit on the TTY works when on
+            //  on Windows, and doing something similar for Cygwin.
+            if (this.verbose) this.stream.writeln(`✅️ ${pathStr}`);
+            break;
+        case "failure":
+            this.#failures.push({ path, ...result });
+            this.stream.writeln(`⚠️ ${pathStr}`);
+            break;
+        case "skip":
+            this.#skips.push({ path, ...result });
+            this.stream.writeln(`⏭️ ${pathStr}`);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    finalize() {
+        if (this.verbose) this.#displaySection("successes", this.#successes, true);
+        this.#displaySection("failures", this.#failures);
+        this.#displaySection("skips", this.#skips);
+        this.stream.writeln("");
+        this.stream.writeln(
+            `${this.#successes.length} succeeded, ${this.#failures.length} failed` +
+                (this.#skips.length ? `, ${this.#skips.length} skipped` : ""),
+        );
+    }
+
+    #displaySection(name: string, data: ({ path: string[] } & TestResult)[], ignoreEmpty: boolean = false) {
+        if (!data.length) return;
+
+        // Transform [{ path: ["a", "b", "c"] }, { path: ["a", "b", "d"] }] into
+        // { "a ❯ b": ["c", "d"] }. NOTE: intermediate nodes are collapsed as
+        // excessive nesting is difficult to convey clearly in a text-only
+        // environment.
+        let pathMap = new Map<string, ({ name: string } & TestResult)[]>();
+        for (const t of data) {
+            if (t.path.length === 0) throw new RangeError("path is empty");
+            const key = t.path.slice(0, -1).join(SEP);
+            if (!pathMap.has(key)) pathMap.set(key, []);
+            pathMap.get(key)!.push({ name: t.path.at(-1)!, ...t });
+        }
+
+        this.stream.writeln("");
+        this.stream.writeln(name.toUpperCase());
+        this.stream.writeln("=".repeat(name.length));
+
+        for (let [path, tests] of pathMap) {
+            if (ignoreEmpty) tests = tests.filter((t) => t.logs.length);
+            if (tests.length === 0) continue;
+            if (tests.length === 1) {
+                this.#writeOutput(tests[0], path ? `${path}${SEP}` : "", false);
+            } else {
+                this.stream.writeln(path);
+                for (const t of tests) this.#writeOutput(t, "  - ", true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #writeOutput(test: { name: string } & TestResult, prefix: string, nested: boolean) {
+        let output = "";
+        if (test.logs.length) {
+            // Individual logs might span multiple lines, so join them together
+            // then split it again.
+            const logStr = test.logs.join("\n");
+            const lines = logStr.split("\n");
+            if (lines.length <= 1) {
+                output = `: ${logStr}`;
+            } else {
+                const padding = nested ? "      " : "  ";
+                output = ":\n" + lines.map((line) => padding + line).join("\n");
+            }
+        }
+        this.stream.writeln(`${prefix}${test.name}${output}`);
+    }
+}
+
+function assertGetElementById(id: string): HTMLElement {
+    let elem = document.getElementById(id);
+    if (elem == null) throw new ReferenceError(`element with ID '${id}' missing from DOM`);
+    return elem;
+}
+
+// A reporter that directly translates a tree of results into a tree of
+// collapsible elements in the DOM.
+export class DOMReporter implements Reporter {
+    // It is very difficult to implement this using the statically known tree,
+    // because Map doesn't handle array keys properly (to store the path), and
+    // it's unknown of there's any way to implement it without writing one's own
+    // data types. Oh well; using the DOM as a data structure might seem hacky
+    // but it does have its benefits, apart from encouraging a tagless final.
+    register(suites: TestGroup[]) {}
+
+    update(path: string[], result: TestResult) {
+        if (path.length === 0) throw new RangeError("path is empty");
+        if (result.state === "skip") {
+            assertGetElementById("skip-counter-text").hidden = false;
+        }
+        const counter = assertGetElementById(`${result.state}-counter`);
+        counter.innerText = (Number(counter.innerText) + 1).toString();
+
+        let parent = assertGetElementById("root");
+        for (const node of path) {
+            let child: HTMLDetailsElement | null = null;
+            let summary: HTMLElement | null = null;
+            let d: Element;
+            outer: for (d of parent.children) {
+                if (!(d instanceof HTMLDetailsElement)) continue;
+                for (const s of d.children) {
+                    if (!(s instanceof HTMLElement)) continue;
+                    if (!(s.tagName === "SUMMARY" && s.innerText === node)) continue;
+                    child = d;
+                    summary = s;
+                    break outer;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!child) {
+                child = document.createElement("details");
+                child.className = "test-node";
+                child.ariaRoleDescription = "test";
+                summary = document.createElement("summary");
+                summary.appendChild(document.createTextNode(node));
+                summary.ariaRoleDescription = "test name";
+                child.appendChild(summary);
+                parent.appendChild(child);
+            }
+            if (!summary) throw new Error("unreachable as assigned above");
+
+            switch (result.state) {
+            case "failure":
+                // Only expand failures, to minimize successes and skips.
+                child.open = true;
+                child.classList.add("failure");
+                child.classList.remove("skip");
+                child.classList.remove("success");
+                // The summary marker does not appear in the AOM, so setting its
+                // alt text is fruitless; label the summary itself instead.
+                summary.setAttribute("aria-labelledby", "failure-description");
+                break;
+            case "skip":
+                if (child.classList.contains("failure")) break;
+                child.classList.add("skip");
+                child.classList.remove("success");
+                summary.setAttribute("aria-labelledby", "skip-description");
+                break;
+            case "success":
+                if (child.classList.contains("failure") || child.classList.contains("skip")) break;
+                child.classList.add("success");
+                summary.setAttribute("aria-labelledby", "success-description");
+                break;
+            }
+
+            parent = child;
+        }
+
+        const p = document.createElement("p");
+        p.classList.add("test-desc");
+        if (result.logs.length) {
+            const pre = document.createElement("pre");
+            pre.appendChild(document.createTextNode(result.logs.join("\n")));
+            p.appendChild(pre);
+        } else {
+            p.classList.add("italic");
+            p.appendChild(document.createTextNode("No output."));
+        }
+        parent.appendChild(p);
+    }
+
+    finalize() {}
+}
+
+interface GoNode {
+    name: string;
+    subtests?: GoNode[];
+}
+
+// Used to display results via `go test`, via some glue code from the Go side.
+// TODO(Ophestra): said glue code has to be written.
+export class GoTestReporter implements Reporter {
+    register(suites: TestGroup[]) {
+        console.log(JSON.stringify(suites.map(GoTestReporter.serialize)));
+    }
+
+    // Convert a test tree into the one expected by the Go code.
+    static serialize(node: TestTree): GoNode {
+        return {
+            name: node.name,
+            subtests: "children" in node ? node.children.map(GoTestReporter.serialize) : undefined,
+        };
+    }
+
+    update(path: string[], result: TestResult) {
+        let state: number;
+        switch (result.state) {
+            case "success": state = 0; break;
+            case "failure": state = 1; break;
+            case "skip": state = 2; break;
+        }
+        console.log(JSON.stringify({ path, state, logs: result.logs }));
+    }
+
+    // Unnecessary but convenient on the Go side, so that it doesn't have to
+    // infer this via process exit.
+    finalize() {
+        console.log("null");
+    }
+}

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/jstest/skip-closed.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!-- See failure-open.svg for an explanation of the view box dimensions. -->
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" viewBox="-20,-20 160 130">
+    <!-- This triangle should match success-closed.svg, fill and stroke color notwithstanding. -->
+    <polygon points="0,0 100,50 0,100" fill="blue" stroke="blue" stroke-width="15" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
+    <!--
+     ! This path is extremely similar to the one in skip-open.svg; before
+     ! making minor modifications, diff the two to understand how they should
+     ! remain in sync.
+     -->
+    <path
+        d="M 50,50
+           A 23,23 270,1,1 30,30
+           l -10,20
+           m 10,-20
+           l -20,-10"
+        fill="none"
+        stroke="white"
+        stroke-width="12"
+        stroke-linejoin="round"/>
+</svg>

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/jstest/skip-open.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!-- See failure-open.svg for an explanation of the view box dimensions. -->
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" viewBox="-20,-20 160 130">
+    <!-- This triangle should match success-open.svg, fill and stroke color notwithstanding. -->
+    <polygon points="0,0 100,0 50,100" fill="blue" stroke="blue" stroke-width="15" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
+    <!--
+     ! This path is extremely similar to the one in skip-closed.svg; before
+     ! making minor modifications, diff the two to understand how they should
+     ! remain in sync.
+     -->
+    <path
+        d="M 50,50
+           A 23,23 270,1,1 70,30
+           l 10,-20
+           m -10,20
+           l -20,-10"
+        fill="none"
+        stroke="white"
+        stroke-width="12"
+        stroke-linejoin="round"/>
+</svg>

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/jstest/style.css

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * When updating the theme colors, also update them in success-closed.svg and
+ * success-open.svg!
+ */
+
+:root {
+  --bg: #d3d3d3;
+  --fg: black;
+}
+
+@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+  :root {
+    --bg: #2c2c2c;
+    --fg: ghostwhite;
+  }
+}
+
+html {
+  background-color: var(--bg);
+  color: var(--fg);
+}
+
+h1, p, summary, noscript {
+  font-family: sans-serif;
+}
+
+noscript {
+  font-size: 16pt;
+}
+
+.root {
+  margin: 1rem 0;
+}
+
+details.test-node {
+  margin-left: 1rem;
+  padding: 0.2rem 0.5rem;
+  border-left: 2px dashed var(--fg);
+  > summary {
+    cursor: pointer;
+  }
+  &.success > summary::marker {
+    /*
+     * WebKit only supports color and font-size properties in ::marker [1], and
+     * its ::-webkit-details-marker only supports hiding the marker entirely
+     * [2], contrary to mdn's example [3]; thus, set a color as a fallback:
+     * while it may not be accessible for colorblind individuals, it's better
+     * than no indication of a test's state for anyone, as that there's no other
+     * way to include an indication in the marker on WebKit.
+     *
+     * [1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/Selectors/::marker#browser_compatibility
+     * [2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/summary#default_style
+     * [3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/summary#changing_the_summarys_icon
+     */
+    color: var(--fg);
+    content: url("./success-closed.svg") / "success";
+  }
+  &.success[open] > summary::marker {
+    content: url("./success-open.svg") / "success";
+  }
+  &.failure > summary::marker {
+    color: red;
+    content: url("./failure-closed.svg") / "failure";
+  }
+  &.failure[open] > summary::marker {
+    content: url("./failure-open.svg") / "failure";
+  }
+  &.skip > summary::marker {
+    color: blue;
+    content: url("./skip-closed.svg") / "skip";
+  }
+  &.skip[open] > summary::marker {
+    content: url("./skip-open.svg") / "skip";
+  }
+}
+
+p.test-desc {
+  margin: 0 0 0 1rem;
+  padding: 2px 0;
+  > pre {
+    margin: 0;
+  }
+}
+
+.italic {
+  font-style: italic;
+}

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/jstest/success-closed.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!-- See failure-open.svg for an explanation of the view box dimensions. -->
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" viewBox="-20,-20 160 130">
+    <style>
+    .adaptive-stroke {
+        stroke: black;
+    }
+    @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+        .adaptive-stroke {
+            stroke: ghostwhite;
+        }
+    }
+    </style>
+    <!-- When updating this triangle, also update the other five SVGs. -->
+    <polygon points="0,0 100,50 0,100" fill="none" class="adaptive-stroke" stroke-width="15" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
+</svg>

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/jstest/success-open.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!-- See failure-open.svg for an explanation of the view box dimensions. -->
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" viewBox="-20,-20 160 130">
+    <style>
+    .adaptive-stroke {
+        stroke: black;
+    }
+    @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+        .adaptive-stroke {
+            stroke: ghostwhite;
+        }
+    }
+    </style>
+    <!-- When updating this triangle, also update the other five SVGs. -->
+    <polygon points="0,0 100,0 50,100" fill="none" class="adaptive-stroke" stroke-width="15" stroke-linejoin="round"/>
+</svg>

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/test_ui.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//go:build frontend && frontend_test
+
+package ui
+
+import "embed"
+
+//go:generate tsc -p tsconfig.test.json
+//go:generate cp index.html style.css favicon.ico static
+//go:generate cp jstest/index.html jstest/style.css static/jstest
+//go:generate sh -c "cp jstest/*.svg static/jstest"
+//go:embed static
+var _static embed.FS
+var static = staticFS(_static)

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/tsconfig.json

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
+// This file defines the common options for all TypeScript here. This shouldn't
+// be directly used as the project file in builds; see tsconfig.*.json instead,
+// which inherit from this file and essentially define specific build targets.
 {
   "compilerOptions": {
     "target": "ES2024",
     "strict": true,
     "alwaysStrict": true,
-    "outDir": "static"
-  }
-}
+    "outDir": "static",
+  },
+}

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/tsconfig.test.json

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Project file for building pkgserver alongside its tests. test_ui.go uses this
+// as its project file.
+{
+  "extends": "./tsconfig.json",
+}

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/tsconfig.ui.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Project file for building just the pkgserver UI, with none of the testing
+// stuff attached. ui_full.go uses this as its project file.
+{
+  "extends": "./tsconfig.json",
+  "exclude": ["jstest", "all_tests.ts", "*_test.ts"],
+}

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/ui.go

@@ -1,7 +1,19 @@
 // Package ui holds the static web UI.
 package ui
 
-import "net/http"
+import (
+	"io/fs"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+// staticFS is an internal helper to wrap around go:embed's filesystem.
+func staticFS(static fs.FS) fs.FS {
+	if f, err := fs.Sub(static, "static"); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	} else {
+		return f
+	}
+}
 
 // Register arranges for mux to serve the embedded frontend.
 func Register(mux *http.ServeMux) {

cmd/mbf/internal/pkgserver/ui/ui_full.go

@@ -1,21 +1,11 @@
-//go:build frontend
+//go:build frontend && !frontend_test
 
 package ui
 
-import (
-	"embed"
-	"io/fs"
-)
+import "embed"
 
-//go:generate tsc
-//go:generate cp index.html style.css static
+//go:generate tsc -p tsconfig.ui.json
+//go:generate cp index.html style.css favicon.ico static
 //go:embed static
 var _static embed.FS
-
-var static = func() fs.FS {
-	if f, err := fs.Sub(_static, "static"); err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	} else {
-		return f
-	}
-}()
+var static = staticFS(_static)

cmd/mbf/main.go

@@ -67,9 +67,13 @@ func main() {
 
 	var (
 		flagQuiet bool
+		flagQEMU  bool
+		flagArch  string
 		flagCheck bool
 		flagLTO   bool
 
+		flagCrossOverride int
+
 		addr net.UnixAddr
 	)
 	c := command.New(os.Stderr, log.Printf, "mbf", func([]string) error {
@@ -93,13 +97,36 @@ func main() {
 		if !flagLTO {
 			flags |= rosa.OptLLVMNoLTO
 		}
-		rosa.DropCaches(flags)
+		rosa.DropCaches("", flags)
+		cross := flagArch != "" && flagArch != runtime.GOARCH
+		if flagQEMU || cross {
+			cm.qemu = rosa.Std.Load(rosa.QEMU)
+		}
+
+		if cross {
+			if flagCrossOverride != -1 {
+				flags = flagCrossOverride
+			}
+
+			rosa.DropCaches(flagArch, flags)
+			if !rosa.HasStage0() {
+				return pkg.UnsupportedArchError(flagArch)
+			}
+		}
 
 		return nil
 	}).Flag(
 		&flagQuiet,
 		"q", command.BoolFlag(false),
 		"Do not print cure messages",
+	).Flag(
+		&flagQEMU,
+		"register", command.BoolFlag(false),
+		"Enable additional target architectures",
+	).Flag(
+		&flagArch,
+		"arch", command.StringFlag(runtime.GOARCH),
+		"Target architecture",
 	).Flag(
 		&flagLTO,
 		"lto", command.BoolFlag(false),
@@ -108,6 +135,14 @@ func main() {
 		&flagCheck,
 		"check", command.BoolFlag(true),
 		"Run test suites",
+	).Flag(
+		&flagCrossOverride,
+		"cross-flags", command.IntFlag(-1),
+		"Override non-native target preset flags",
+	).Flag(
+		&cm.verboseInit,
+		"v", command.BoolFlag(false),
+		"Do not suppress verbose output from init",
 	).Flag(
 		&cm.cures,
 		"cures", command.IntFlag(0),
@@ -471,6 +506,8 @@ func main() {
 			flagExport  string
 			flagRemote  bool
 			flagNoReply bool
+			flagFaults  bool
+			flagPop     bool
 
 			flagBoot bool
 			flagStd  bool
@@ -579,6 +616,49 @@ func main() {
 					}
 
 					return err
+
+				case flagFaults:
+					var faults []pkg.Fault
+					if err := cm.Do(func(cache *pkg.Cache) (err error) {
+						faults, err = cache.ReadFaults(t.Load(p))
+						return
+					}); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+
+					for _, fault := range faults {
+						log.Printf("%s: %s ago", fault.String(), time.Since(fault.Time()))
+					}
+					return nil
+
+				case flagPop:
+					var faults []pkg.Fault
+					if err := cm.Do(func(cache *pkg.Cache) (err error) {
+						faults, err = cache.ReadFaults(t.Load(p))
+						return
+					}); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+
+					if len(faults) == 0 {
+						return errors.New("no fault entries found")
+					}
+					fault := faults[len(faults)-1]
+					r, err := fault.Open()
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					if _, err = io.Copy(os.Stdout, r); err != nil {
+						_ = r.Close()
+						return err
+					}
+					fmt.Println()
+					if err = r.Close(); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+
+					log.Printf("faulting cure terminated %s ago", time.Since(fault.Time()))
+					return fault.Destroy()
 				}
 			},
 		).Flag(
@@ -609,9 +689,40 @@ func main() {
 			&flagStd,
 			"std", command.BoolFlag(false),
 			"Build on the intermediate toolchain",
+		).Flag(
+			&flagFaults,
+			"faults", command.BoolFlag(false),
+			"Display fault entries of the specified artifact",
+		).Flag(
+			&flagPop,
+			"pop", command.BoolFlag(false),
+			"Display and destroy the most recent fault entry",
 		)
 	}
 
+	c.NewCommand(
+		"clear",
+		"Remove all fault entries from the cache",
+		func([]string) error {
+			return cm.Do(func(*pkg.Cache) error {
+				pathname := filepath.Join(cm.base, "fault")
+				dents, err := os.ReadDir(pathname)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+
+				for _, dent := range dents {
+					msg.Verbosef("destroying entry %s", dent.Name())
+					if err = os.Remove(filepath.Join(pathname, dent.Name())); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+				}
+				log.Printf("destroyed %d fault entries", len(dents))
+				return nil
+			})
+		},
+	)
+
 	c.NewCommand(
 		"abort",
 		"Abort all pending cures on the daemon",
@@ -710,6 +821,7 @@ func main() {
 				z.Hostname = "localhost"
 				z.Uid, z.Gid = (1<<10)-1, (1<<10)-1
 				z.Stdin, z.Stdout, z.Stderr = os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr
+				z.Quiet = !cm.verboseInit
 				if s, ok := os.LookupEnv("TERM"); ok {
 					z.Env = append(z.Env, "TERM="+s)
 				}

cmd/mbf/main_test.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	rosa.DropCaches(rosa.OptLLVMNoLTO)
+	rosa.DropCaches("", rosa.OptLLVMNoLTO)
 	os.Exit(m.Run())
 }
 

cmd/sharefs/test/configuration.nix

@@ -20,11 +20,14 @@
   };
 
   virtualisation = {
+    # Hopefully reduces spurious test failures:
+    memorySize = if pkgs.stdenv.hostPlatform.is32bit then 2046 else 8192;
+
     diskSize = 6 * 1024;
 
     qemu.options = [
       # Increase test performance:
-      "-smp 8"
+      "-smp 16"
     ];
   };
 

cmd/sharefs/test/default.nix

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ testers.nixosTest {
         # For go tests:
         (pkgs.writeShellScriptBin "sharefs-workload-hakurei-tests" ''
           cp -r "${self.packages.${system}.hakurei.src}" "/sdcard/hakurei" && cd "/sdcard/hakurei"
-          ${fhs}/bin/hakurei-fhs -c 'CC="clang -O3 -Werror" go test ./...'
+          ${fhs}/bin/hakurei-fhs -c 'ROSA_SKIP_BINFMT=1 CC="clang -O3 -Werror" go test ./...'
         '')
       ];
 

container/binfmt.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package container
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"hakurei.app/check"
+)
+
+// escapeBinfmt escapes magic/mask sequences in a [BinfmtEntry].
+func escapeBinfmt(buf *strings.Builder, s string) string {
+	const lowerhex = "0123456789abcdef"
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	for _, c := range unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(s), len(s)) {
+		switch c {
+		case 0, '\\', ':':
+			buf.WriteString(`\x`)
+			buf.WriteByte(lowerhex[c>>4])
+			buf.WriteByte(lowerhex[c&0xf])
+
+		default:
+			buf.WriteByte(c)
+		}
+	}
+	return buf.String()
+}
+
+// BinfmtEntry is an entry to be registered by the init process.
+type BinfmtEntry struct {
+	// The offset of the magic/mask in the file, counted in bytes.
+	Offset byte
+	// The byte sequence binfmt_misc is matching for.
+	Magic string
+	// An (optional, defaults to all 0xff) mask.
+	Mask string
+	// The program that should be invoked with the binary as first argument.
+	Interpreter *check.Absolute
+}
+
+// Valid returns whether e can be registered into the kernel.
+func (e *BinfmtEntry) Valid() bool {
+	return e != nil &&
+		int(e.Offset)+max(len(e.Magic), len(e.Mask)) < 128 &&
+		e.Interpreter != nil && len(e.Interpreter.String()) < 128
+}

container/binfmt_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package container
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"hakurei.app/fhs"
+)
+
+func TestEscapeBinfmt(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		magic string
+		want  string
+	}{
+		{"packed DOS applications", "\x0eDEX", "\x0eDEX"},
+
+		{"riscv64 magic",
+			"\x7fELF\x02\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\xf3\x00",
+			"\x7fELF\x02\x01\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\x02\\x00\xf3\\x00"},
+		{"riscv64 mask",
+			"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff",
+			"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			got := escapeBinfmt(new(strings.Builder), tc.magic)
+			if got != tc.want {
+				t.Errorf("escapeBinfmt: %q, want %q", got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBinfmtEntry(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		e     BinfmtEntry
+		valid bool
+	}{
+		{"zero", BinfmtEntry{}, false},
+		{"large offset", BinfmtEntry{Offset: 128}, false},
+		{"long magic", BinfmtEntry{Magic: strings.Repeat("\x00", 128)}, false},
+		{"long mask", BinfmtEntry{Mask: strings.Repeat("\x00", 128)}, false},
+		{"valid", BinfmtEntry{Interpreter: fhs.AbsRoot}, true},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			if tc.e.Valid() != tc.valid {
+				t.Errorf("Valid: %v", !tc.valid)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

container/capability.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ const (
 	CAP_SETPCAP      = 0x8
 	CAP_NET_ADMIN    = 0xc
 	CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE = 0x1
+	CAP_SETFCAP      = 0x1f
 )
 
 type (

container/container.go

@@ -67,6 +67,9 @@ type (
 		// Copied to the underlying [exec.Cmd].
 		WaitDelay time.Duration
 
+		// Suppress verbose output of init.
+		Quiet bool
+
 		cmd *exec.Cmd
 		ctx context.Context
 		msg message.Msg
@@ -88,12 +91,20 @@ type (
 		// Time to wait for processes lingering after the initial process terminates.
 		AdoptWaitDelay time.Duration
 
+		// Map uid/gid 0 in the init process. Requires [FstypeProc] attached to
+		// [fhs.Proc] in the container filesystem.
+		InitAsRoot bool
 		// Mapped Uid in user namespace.
 		Uid int
 		// Mapped Gid in user namespace.
 		Gid int
 		// Hostname value in UTS namespace.
 		Hostname string
+		// Register binfmt_misc entries.
+		Binfmt []BinfmtEntry
+		// Alternative pathname to attach binfmt_misc filesystem. The zero value
+		// requires [FstypeProc] to be made available at [fhs.Proc].
+		BinfmtPath *check.Absolute
 		// Sequential container setup ops.
 		*Ops
 
@@ -213,6 +224,9 @@ func (p *Container) Start() error {
 	if p.cmd.Process != nil {
 		return errors.New("container: already started")
 	}
+	if !p.InitAsRoot && len(p.Binfmt) > 0 {
+		return errors.New("container: init as root required, but not enabled")
+	}
 
 	if err := ensureCloseOnExec(); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -283,6 +297,18 @@ func (p *Container) Start() error {
 	if !p.HostNet {
 		p.cmd.SysProcAttr.Cloneflags |= CLONE_NEWNET
 	}
+	if p.InitAsRoot {
+		p.cmd.SysProcAttr.AmbientCaps = append(p.cmd.SysProcAttr.AmbientCaps,
+			// mappings during init as root
+			CAP_SETFCAP,
+		)
+
+		if !p.SeccompDisable &&
+			len(p.SeccompRules) == 0 &&
+			p.SeccompPresets&std.PresetDenyNS != 0 {
+			return errors.New("container: as root requires late namespace creation")
+		}
+	}
 
 	// place setup pipe before user supplied extra files, this is later restored by init
 	if r, w, err := os.Pipe(); err != nil {
@@ -342,8 +368,6 @@ func (p *Container) Start() error {
 						Err:    ENOSYS,
 						Origin: true,
 					}
-				} else {
-					p.msg.Verbosef("landlock abi version %d", abi)
 				}
 
 				if rulesetFd, err := rulesetAttr.Create(0); err != nil {
@@ -353,7 +377,6 @@ func (p *Container) Start() error {
 						Err:   err,
 					}
 				} else {
-					p.msg.Verbosef("enforcing landlock ruleset %s", rulesetAttr)
 					if err = landlock.RestrictSelf(rulesetFd, 0); err != nil {
 						_ = Close(rulesetFd)
 						return &StartError{
@@ -410,7 +433,6 @@ func (p *Container) Start() error {
 				}
 			}
 
-			p.msg.Verbose("starting container init")
 			if err := p.cmd.Start(); err != nil {
 				return &StartError{
 					Step:        "start container init",
@@ -481,7 +503,6 @@ func (p *Container) Serve() (err error) {
 			}
 
 		case <-done:
-			p.msg.Verbose("setup payload took", time.Since(t))
 			return
 		}
 	}(p.setup[1])
@@ -491,7 +512,7 @@ func (p *Container) Serve() (err error) {
 		Getuid(),
 		Getgid(),
 		len(p.ExtraFiles),
-		p.msg.IsVerbose(),
+		p.msg.IsVerbose() && !p.Quiet,
 	})
 }
 

container/container_test.go

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
-	_ "unsafe" // for go:linkname
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
 
 	"hakurei.app/check"
 	"hakurei.app/command"
@@ -408,39 +409,11 @@ var containerTestCases = []struct {
 func TestContainer(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	t.Run("cancel", testContainerCancel(nil, func(t *testing.T, c *container.Container) {
-		wantErr := context.Canceled
-		wantExitCode := 0
-		if err := c.Wait(); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErr) {
-			if m, ok := container.InternalMessageFromError(err); ok {
-				t.Error(m)
-			}
-			t.Errorf("Wait: error = %#v, want %#v", err, wantErr)
-		}
-		if ps := c.ProcessState(); ps == nil {
-			t.Errorf("ProcessState unexpectedly returned nil")
-		} else if code := ps.ExitCode(); code != wantExitCode {
-			t.Errorf("ExitCode: %d, want %d", code, wantExitCode)
-		}
-	}))
-
-	t.Run("forward", testContainerCancel(func(c *container.Container) {
-		c.ForwardCancel = true
-	}, func(t *testing.T, c *container.Container) {
-		var exitError *exec.ExitError
-		if err := c.Wait(); !errors.As(err, &exitError) {
-			if m, ok := container.InternalMessageFromError(err); ok {
-				t.Error(m)
-			}
-			t.Errorf("Wait: error = %v", err)
-		}
-		if code := exitError.ExitCode(); code != blockExitCodeInterrupt {
-			t.Errorf("ExitCode: %d, want %d", code, blockExitCodeInterrupt)
-		}
-	}))
-
+	var suffix string
+runTests:
 	for i, tc := range containerTestCases {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+		_suffix := suffix
+		t.Run(tc.name+_suffix, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 
 			wantOps, wantOpsCtx := tc.ops(t)
@@ -464,6 +437,8 @@ func TestContainer(t *testing.T) {
 			c.SeccompDisable = !tc.filter
 			c.RetainSession = tc.session
 			c.HostNet = tc.net
+			c.InitAsRoot = _suffix != ""
+			c.Env = append(c.Env, "HAKUREI_TEST_SUFFIX="+_suffix)
 			if info.CanDegrade {
 				if _, err := landlock.GetABI(); err != nil {
 					if !errors.Is(err, syscall.ENOSYS) {
@@ -473,6 +448,9 @@ func TestContainer(t *testing.T) {
 					t.Log("Landlock LSM is unavailable, enabling HostAbstract")
 				}
 			}
+			if c.InitAsRoot {
+				c.SeccompPresets &= ^std.PresetDenyNS
+			}
 
 			c.
 				Readonly(check.MustAbs(pathReadonly), 0755).
@@ -541,6 +519,11 @@ func TestContainer(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		})
 	}
+
+	if suffix == "" {
+		suffix = " as root"
+		goto runTests
+	}
 }
 
 func ent(root, target, vfsOptstr, fsType, source, fsOptstr string) *vfs.MountInfoEntry {
@@ -563,49 +546,118 @@ func hostnameFromTestCase(name string) string {
 }
 
 func testContainerCancel(
+	t *testing.T,
 	containerExtra func(c *container.Container),
-	waitCheck func(t *testing.T, c *container.Container),
-) func(t *testing.T) {
-	return func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+	waitCheck func(ps *os.ProcessState, waitErr error),
+) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
 
-		c := helperNewContainer(ctx, "block")
-		c.Stdout, c.Stderr = os.Stdout, os.Stderr
-		if containerExtra != nil {
-			containerExtra(c)
-		}
-
-		ready := make(chan struct{})
-		if r, w, err := os.Pipe(); err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("cannot pipe: %v", err)
-		} else {
-			c.ExtraFiles = append(c.ExtraFiles, w)
-			go func() {
-				defer close(ready)
-				if _, err = r.Read(make([]byte, 1)); err != nil {
-					panic(err.Error())
-				}
-			}()
-		}
-
-		if err := c.Start(); err != nil {
-			if m, ok := container.InternalMessageFromError(err); ok {
-				t.Fatal(m)
-			} else {
-				t.Fatalf("cannot start container: %v", err)
-			}
-		} else if err = c.Serve(); err != nil {
-			if m, ok := container.InternalMessageFromError(err); ok {
-				t.Error(m)
-			} else {
-				t.Errorf("cannot serve setup params: %v", err)
-			}
-		}
-		<-ready
-		cancel()
-		waitCheck(t, c)
+	c := helperNewContainer(ctx, "block")
+	c.Stdout, c.Stderr = os.Stdout, os.Stderr
+	if containerExtra != nil {
+		containerExtra(c)
 	}
+
+	ready := make(chan struct{})
+	var waitErr error
+	r, w, err := os.Pipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("cannot pipe: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	c.ExtraFiles = append(c.ExtraFiles, w)
+	go func() {
+		defer close(ready)
+		if _, _err := r.Read(make([]byte, 1)); _err != nil {
+			panic(_err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if err = c.Start(); err != nil {
+		if m, ok := container.InternalMessageFromError(err); ok {
+			t.Fatal(m)
+		} else {
+			t.Fatalf("cannot start container: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(done)
+		waitErr = c.Wait()
+		_ = r.SetReadDeadline(time.Now())
+	}()
+
+	if err = c.Serve(); err != nil {
+		if m, ok := container.InternalMessageFromError(err); ok {
+			t.Error(m)
+		} else {
+			t.Errorf("cannot serve setup params: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	<-ready
+	cancel()
+	<-done
+	waitCheck(c.ProcessState(), waitErr)
+}
+
+func TestForward(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	f := func(ps *os.ProcessState, waitErr error) {
+		var exitError *exec.ExitError
+		if !errors.As(waitErr, &exitError) {
+			if m, ok := container.InternalMessageFromError(waitErr); ok {
+				t.Error(m)
+			}
+			t.Errorf("Wait: error = %v", waitErr)
+		}
+		if code := exitError.ExitCode(); code != blockExitCodeInterrupt {
+			t.Errorf("ExitCode: %d, want %d", code, blockExitCodeInterrupt)
+		}
+	}
+	t.Run("direct", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+		testContainerCancel(t, func(c *container.Container) {
+			c.ForwardCancel = true
+		}, f)
+	})
+	t.Run("as root", func(t *testing.T) {
+		testContainerCancel(t, func(c *container.Container) {
+			c.ForwardCancel = true
+			c.InitAsRoot = true
+			c.Proc(fhs.AbsProc)
+		}, f)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCancel(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	f := func(ps *os.ProcessState, waitErr error) {
+		wantErr := context.Canceled
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(waitErr, wantErr) {
+			if m, ok := container.InternalMessageFromError(waitErr); ok {
+				t.Error(m)
+			}
+			t.Errorf("Wait: error = %#v, want %#v", waitErr, wantErr)
+		}
+		if ps == nil {
+			t.Errorf("ProcessState unexpectedly returned nil")
+		} else if code := ps.ExitCode(); code != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("ExitCode: %d, want %d", code, 0)
+		}
+	}
+	t.Run("direct", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+		testContainerCancel(t, nil, f)
+	})
+	t.Run("as root", func(t *testing.T) {
+		testContainerCancel(t, func(c *container.Container) {
+			c.InitAsRoot = true
+			c.Proc(fhs.AbsProc)
+		}, f)
+	})
 }
 
 func TestContainerString(t *testing.T) {
@@ -641,6 +693,8 @@ func init() {
 		})
 
 		c.Command("container", command.UsageInternal, func(args []string) error {
+			asRoot := os.Getenv("HAKUREI_TEST_SUFFIX") == " as root"
+
 			if len(args) != 1 {
 				return syscall.EINVAL
 			}
@@ -658,6 +712,66 @@ func init() {
 				return fmt.Errorf("gid: %d, want %d", gid, tc.gid)
 			}
 
+			// no attack surface increase during as root due to no_new_privs
+			var wantBounding uintptr = 1
+			asRootNot := " not"
+			if !asRoot {
+				wantBounding = 0
+				asRootNot = ""
+			}
+
+			const (
+				PR_CAP_AMBIENT        = 0x2f
+				PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET = 0x1
+			)
+			for i := range container.LastCap(nil) + 1 {
+				r, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(
+					syscall.SYS_PRCTL,
+					PR_CAP_AMBIENT,
+					PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET,
+					i,
+				)
+				if errno != 0 {
+					return os.NewSyscallError("prctl", errno)
+				}
+				if r != 0 {
+					return fmt.Errorf("capability %d in ambient set", i)
+				}
+
+				r, _, errno = syscall.Syscall(
+					syscall.SYS_PRCTL,
+					syscall.PR_CAPBSET_READ,
+					i,
+					0,
+				)
+				if errno != 0 {
+					return os.NewSyscallError("prctl", errno)
+				}
+				if r != wantBounding {
+					return fmt.Errorf("capability %d%s in bounding set", i, asRootNot)
+				}
+			}
+
+			const _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3 = 0x20080522
+			var capData struct {
+				effective   uint32
+				permitted   uint32
+				inheritable uint32
+			}
+			if _, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_CAPGET, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&struct {
+				version uint32
+				pid     int32
+			}{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0})), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&capData)), 0); errno != 0 {
+				return os.NewSyscallError("capget", errno)
+			}
+
+			if max(capData.effective, capData.permitted, capData.inheritable) != 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf(
+					"effective = %d, permitted = %d, inheritable = %d",
+					capData.effective, capData.permitted, capData.inheritable,
+				)
+			}
+
 			wantHost := hostnameFromTestCase(tc.name)
 			if host, err := os.Hostname(); err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("cannot get hostname: %v", err)
@@ -775,7 +889,7 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 		}
 		c.MustParse(os.Args[1:], func(err error) {
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Fatal(err.Error())
+				log.Fatal(err)
 			}
 		})
 		return

container/init.go

@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	. "syscall"
 	"time"
 
+	"hakurei.app/check"
 	"hakurei.app/container/seccomp"
 	"hakurei.app/ext"
 	"hakurei.app/fhs"
@@ -182,23 +184,33 @@ func initEntrypoint(k syscallDispatcher, msg message.Msg) {
 		cancel()
 	}
 
+	uid, gid := param.Uid, param.Gid
+	if param.InitAsRoot {
+		uid, gid = 0, 0
+	}
+
 	// write uid/gid map here so parent does not need to set dumpable
 	if err := k.setDumpable(ext.SUID_DUMP_USER); err != nil {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "cannot set SUID_DUMP_USER: %v", err)
 	}
-	if err := k.writeFile(fhs.Proc+"self/uid_map",
-		append([]byte{}, strconv.Itoa(param.Uid)+" "+strconv.Itoa(param.HostUid)+" 1\n"...),
-		0); err != nil {
+	if err := k.writeFile(
+		fhs.Proc+"self/uid_map",
+		[]byte(strconv.Itoa(uid)+" "+strconv.Itoa(param.HostUid)+" 1\n"),
+		0,
+	); err != nil {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "%v", err)
 	}
-	if err := k.writeFile(fhs.Proc+"self/setgroups",
+	if err := k.writeFile(
+		fhs.Proc+"self/setgroups",
 		[]byte("deny\n"),
-		0); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		0,
+	); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "%v", err)
 	}
 	if err := k.writeFile(fhs.Proc+"self/gid_map",
-		append([]byte{}, strconv.Itoa(param.Gid)+" "+strconv.Itoa(param.HostGid)+" 1\n"...),
-		0); err != nil {
+		[]byte(strconv.Itoa(gid)+" "+strconv.Itoa(param.HostGid)+" 1\n"),
+		0,
+	); err != nil {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "%v", err)
 	}
 	if err := k.setDumpable(ext.SUID_DUMP_DISABLE); err != nil {
@@ -223,6 +235,23 @@ func initEntrypoint(k syscallDispatcher, msg message.Msg) {
 	state := &setupState{process: make(map[int]WaitStatus), Params: &param.Params, Msg: msg, Context: ctx}
 	defer cancel()
 
+	if err := k.mount(SourceTmpfsRootfs, intermediateHostPath, FstypeTmpfs, MS_NODEV|MS_NOSUID, zeroString); err != nil {
+		k.fatalf(msg, "cannot mount intermediate root: %v", optionalErrorUnwrap(err))
+	}
+	if err := k.chdir(intermediateHostPath); err != nil {
+		k.fatalf(msg, "cannot enter intermediate host path: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(param.Binfmt) > 0 {
+		for i, e := range param.Binfmt {
+			if pathname, err := k.evalSymlinks(e.Interpreter.String()); err != nil {
+				k.fatal(msg, err)
+			} else if param.Binfmt[i].Interpreter, err = check.NewAbs(pathname); err != nil {
+				k.fatal(msg, err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	/* early is called right before pivot_root into intermediate root;
 	this step is mostly for gathering information that would otherwise be
 	difficult to obtain via library functions after pivot_root, and
@@ -242,13 +271,6 @@ func initEntrypoint(k syscallDispatcher, msg message.Msg) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if err := k.mount(SourceTmpfsRootfs, intermediateHostPath, FstypeTmpfs, MS_NODEV|MS_NOSUID, zeroString); err != nil {
-		k.fatalf(msg, "cannot mount intermediate root: %v", optionalErrorUnwrap(err))
-	}
-	if err := k.chdir(intermediateHostPath); err != nil {
-		k.fatalf(msg, "cannot enter intermediate host path: %v", err)
-	}
-
 	if err := k.mkdir(sysrootDir, 0755); err != nil {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "%v", err)
 	}
@@ -285,6 +307,48 @@ func initEntrypoint(k syscallDispatcher, msg message.Msg) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if len(param.Binfmt) > 0 {
+		const interpreter = "/interpreter"
+
+		if param.BinfmtPath == nil {
+			param.BinfmtPath = fhs.AbsProcSys.Append("fs/binfmt_misc")
+		}
+		binfmt := sysrootPath + param.BinfmtPath.String()
+		if err := k.mkdirAll(binfmt, 0); err != nil {
+			k.fatal(msg, err)
+		}
+		if err := k.mount(
+			SourceBinfmtMisc,
+			binfmt,
+			FstypeBinfmtMisc,
+			MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV,
+			zeroString,
+		); err != nil {
+			k.fatal(msg, err)
+		}
+
+		var buf strings.Builder
+		buf.Grow(1920)
+
+		register := binfmt + "/register"
+		for i, e := range param.Binfmt {
+			if err := k.symlink(hostPath+e.Interpreter.String(), interpreter); err != nil {
+				k.fatal(msg, err)
+			} else if err = k.writeFile(register, []byte(":"+
+				strconv.Itoa(i)+":"+
+				"M:"+
+				strconv.Itoa(int(e.Offset))+":"+
+				escapeBinfmt(&buf, e.Magic)+":"+
+				escapeBinfmt(&buf, e.Mask)+":"+
+				interpreter+":"+
+				"F"), 0); err != nil {
+				k.fatal(msg, err)
+			} else if err = k.remove(interpreter); err != nil {
+				k.fatal(msg, err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	// setup requiring host root complete at this point
 	if err := k.mount(hostDir, hostDir, zeroString, MS_SILENT|MS_REC|MS_PRIVATE, zeroString); err != nil {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "cannot make host root rprivate: %v", optionalErrorUnwrap(err))
@@ -323,11 +387,19 @@ func initEntrypoint(k syscallDispatcher, msg message.Msg) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	var keepCaps []uintptr
+	if param.Privileged {
+		keepCaps = append(keepCaps, CAP_SYS_ADMIN, CAP_SETPCAP)
+	}
+	if param.InitAsRoot {
+		keepCaps = append(keepCaps, CAP_SETFCAP)
+	}
+
 	if err := k.capAmbientClearAll(); err != nil {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "cannot clear the ambient capability set: %v", err)
 	}
-	for i := uintptr(0); i <= lastcap; i++ {
-		if param.Privileged && i == CAP_SYS_ADMIN {
+	for i := range lastcap + 1 {
+		if slices.Contains(keepCaps, i) {
 			continue
 		}
 		if err := k.capBoundingSetDrop(i); err != nil {
@@ -336,20 +408,23 @@ func initEntrypoint(k syscallDispatcher, msg message.Msg) {
 	}
 
 	var keep [2]uint32
-	if param.Privileged {
-		keep[capToIndex(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)] |= capToMask(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)
-
-		if err := k.capAmbientRaise(CAP_SYS_ADMIN); err != nil {
-			k.fatalf(msg, "cannot raise CAP_SYS_ADMIN: %v", err)
-		}
+	for _, c := range keepCaps {
+		keep[capToIndex(c)] |= capToMask(c)
 	}
+
 	if err := k.capset(
 		&capHeader{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0},
-		&[2]capData{{0, keep[0], keep[0]}, {0, keep[1], keep[1]}},
+		&[2]capData{{keep[0], keep[0], keep[0]}, {keep[1], keep[1], keep[1]}},
 	); err != nil {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "cannot capset: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	for _, c := range keepCaps {
+		if err := k.capAmbientRaise(c); err != nil {
+			k.fatalf(msg, "cannot raise %#x: %v", c, err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	if !param.SeccompDisable {
 		rules := param.SeccompRules
 		if len(rules) == 0 { // non-empty rules slice always overrides presets
@@ -474,6 +549,14 @@ func initEntrypoint(k syscallDispatcher, msg message.Msg) {
 	cmd.ExtraFiles = extraFiles
 	cmd.Dir = param.Dir.String()
 
+	if param.InitAsRoot {
+		cmd.SysProcAttr = &SysProcAttr{
+			Cloneflags:  CLONE_NEWUSER,
+			UidMappings: []SysProcIDMap{{ContainerID: param.Uid, HostID: 0, Size: 1}},
+			GidMappings: []SysProcIDMap{{ContainerID: param.Gid, HostID: 0, Size: 1}},
+		}
+	}
+
 	msg.Verbosef("starting initial process %s", param.Path)
 	if err := k.start(cmd); err != nil {
 		k.fatalf(msg, "%v", err)

container/init_test.go

@@ -332,6 +332,8 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"invalid op at index %d", []any{0}}, nil, nil),
 				/* end early */
@@ -370,6 +372,8 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"invalid op at index %d", []any{0}}, nil, nil),
 				/* end early */
@@ -408,6 +412,8 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", stub.UniqueError(61)),
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"cannot prepare op at index %d: %v", []any{0, stub.UniqueError(61)}}, nil, nil),
@@ -447,6 +453,8 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", &os.PathError{Op: "readlink", Path: "/", Err: stub.UniqueError(60)}),
 				call("fatal", stub.ExpectArgs{[]any{"cannot readlink /: unique error 60 injected by the test suite"}}, nil, nil),
@@ -486,9 +494,6 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				/* begin early */
-				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
-				/* end early */
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, stub.UniqueError(58)),
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"cannot mount intermediate root: %v", []any{stub.UniqueError(58)}}, nil, nil),
 			},
@@ -526,9 +531,6 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
-				/* begin early */
-				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
-				/* end early */
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, stub.UniqueError(56)),
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"cannot enter intermediate host path: %v", []any{stub.UniqueError(56)}}, nil, nil),
@@ -567,11 +569,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, stub.UniqueError(54)),
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"%v", []any{stub.UniqueError(54)}}, nil, nil),
 			},
@@ -609,11 +611,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, stub.UniqueError(52)),
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"cannot bind sysroot: %v", []any{stub.UniqueError(52)}}, nil, nil),
@@ -652,11 +654,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, stub.UniqueError(50)),
@@ -696,11 +698,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -741,11 +743,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -787,11 +789,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -842,11 +844,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -897,11 +899,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -953,11 +955,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1010,11 +1012,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1069,11 +1071,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1129,11 +1131,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1190,11 +1192,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1252,11 +1254,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1315,11 +1317,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1379,11 +1381,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1444,11 +1446,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1510,11 +1512,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1584,11 +1586,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1622,7 +1624,6 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x5)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x6)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x7)}, nil, nil),
-				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x8)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x9)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0xa)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0xb)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1654,8 +1655,9 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x26)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x27)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x28)}, nil, nil),
+				call("capset", stub.ExpectArgs{&capHeader{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0}, &[2]capData{{0x200100, 0x200100, 0x200100}, {0, 0, 0}}}, nil, nil),
 				call("capAmbientRaise", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x15)}, nil, stub.UniqueError(19)),
-				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"cannot raise CAP_SYS_ADMIN: %v", []any{stub.UniqueError(19)}}, nil, nil),
+				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"cannot raise %#x: %v", []any{uintptr(0x15), stub.UniqueError(19)}}, nil, nil),
 			},
 		}, nil},
 
@@ -1691,11 +1693,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1729,7 +1731,6 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x5)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x6)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x7)}, nil, nil),
-				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x8)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x9)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0xa)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0xb)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1761,8 +1762,7 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x26)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x27)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x28)}, nil, nil),
-				call("capAmbientRaise", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x15)}, nil, nil),
-				call("capset", stub.ExpectArgs{&capHeader{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0}, &[2]capData{{0, 0x200000, 0x200000}, {0, 0, 0}}}, nil, stub.UniqueError(17)),
+				call("capset", stub.ExpectArgs{&capHeader{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0}, &[2]capData{{0x200100, 0x200100, 0x200100}, {0, 0, 0}}}, nil, stub.UniqueError(17)),
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"cannot capset: %v", []any{stub.UniqueError(17)}}, nil, nil),
 			},
 		}, nil},
@@ -1799,11 +1799,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1837,7 +1837,6 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x5)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x6)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x7)}, nil, nil),
-				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x8)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x9)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0xa)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0xb)}, nil, nil),
@@ -1869,8 +1868,9 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x26)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x27)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x28)}, nil, nil),
+				call("capset", stub.ExpectArgs{&capHeader{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0}, &[2]capData{{0x200100, 0x200100, 0x200100}, {0, 0, 0}}}, nil, nil),
 				call("capAmbientRaise", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x15)}, nil, nil),
-				call("capset", stub.ExpectArgs{&capHeader{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0}, &[2]capData{{0, 0x200000, 0x200000}, {0, 0, 0}}}, nil, nil),
+				call("capAmbientRaise", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x8)}, nil, nil),
 				call("verbosef", stub.ExpectArgs{"resolving presets %#x", []any{std.FilterPreset(0xf)}}, nil, nil),
 				call("seccompLoad", stub.ExpectArgs{seccomp.Preset(0xf, 0), seccomp.ExportFlag(0)}, nil, stub.UniqueError(15)),
 				call("fatalf", stub.ExpectArgs{"cannot load syscall filter: %v", []any{stub.UniqueError(15)}}, nil, nil),
@@ -1908,11 +1908,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2032,11 +2032,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(4), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2132,11 +2132,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(4), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2232,11 +2232,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(4), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2323,11 +2323,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(4), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2418,11 +2418,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(4), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2520,11 +2520,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2659,11 +2659,11 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("sethostname", stub.ExpectArgs{[]byte("hakurei-check")}, nil, nil),
 				call("lastcap", stub.ExpectArgs{}, uintptr(40), nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"", "/", "", uintptr(0x8c000), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
+				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				/* begin early */
 				call("evalSymlinks", stub.ExpectArgs{"/"}, "/", nil),
 				/* end early */
-				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"rootfs", "/proc/self/fd", "tmpfs", uintptr(6), ""}, nil, nil),
-				call("chdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"/proc/self/fd"}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
 				call("mount", stub.ExpectArgs{"sysroot", "sysroot", "", uintptr(0xd000), ""}, nil, nil),
 				call("mkdir", stub.ExpectArgs{"host", os.FileMode(0755)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2697,7 +2697,6 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x5)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x6)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x7)}, nil, nil),
-				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x8)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x9)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0xa)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0xb)}, nil, nil),
@@ -2729,8 +2728,9 @@ func TestInitEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x26)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x27)}, nil, nil),
 				call("capBoundingSetDrop", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x28)}, nil, nil),
+				call("capset", stub.ExpectArgs{&capHeader{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0}, &[2]capData{{0x200100, 0x200100, 0x200100}, {0, 0, 0}}}, nil, nil),
 				call("capAmbientRaise", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x15)}, nil, nil),
-				call("capset", stub.ExpectArgs{&capHeader{_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, 0}, &[2]capData{{0, 0x200000, 0x200000}, {0, 0, 0}}}, nil, nil),
+				call("capAmbientRaise", stub.ExpectArgs{uintptr(0x8)}, nil, nil),
 				call("verbosef", stub.ExpectArgs{"resolving presets %#x", []any{std.FilterPreset(0xf)}}, nil, nil),
 				call("seccompLoad", stub.ExpectArgs{seccomp.Preset(0xf, 0), seccomp.ExportFlag(0)}, nil, nil),
 				call("verbosef", stub.ExpectArgs{"%d filter rules loaded", []any{73}}, nil, nil),

container/mount.go

@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ const (
 	// SourceMqueue is used when mounting mqueue.
 	// Note that any source value is allowed when fstype is [FstypeMqueue].
 	SourceMqueue = "mqueue"
+	// SourceBinfmtMisc is used when mounting binfmt_misc.
+	// Note that any source value is allowed when fstype is [SourceBinfmtMisc].
+	SourceBinfmtMisc = "binfmt_misc"
 	// SourceOverlay is used when mounting overlay.
 	// Note that any source value is allowed when fstype is [FstypeOverlay].
 	SourceOverlay = "overlay"
@@ -70,6 +73,9 @@ const (
 	// FstypeMqueue represents the mqueue pseudo-filesystem.
 	// This filesystem type is usually mounted on /dev/mqueue.
 	FstypeMqueue = "mqueue"
+	// FstypeBinfmtMisc represents the binfmt_misc pseudo-filesystem.
+	// This filesystem type is usually mounted on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc.
+	FstypeBinfmtMisc = "binfmt_misc"
 	// FstypeOverlay represents the overlay pseudo-filesystem.
 	// This filesystem type can be mounted anywhere in the container filesystem.
 	FstypeOverlay = "overlay"

fhs/abs.go

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ var (
 	AbsDevShm = unsafeAbs(DevShm)
 	// AbsProc is [Proc] as [check.Absolute].
 	AbsProc = unsafeAbs(Proc)
+	// AbsProcSys is [ProcSys] as [check.Absolute].
+	AbsProcSys = unsafeAbs(ProcSys)
 	// AbsProcSelfExe is [ProcSelfExe] as [check.Absolute].
 	AbsProcSelfExe = unsafeAbs(ProcSelfExe)
 	// AbsSys is [Sys] as [check.Absolute].

internal/pkg/dir_test.go

@@ -64,78 +64,6 @@ func TestFlatten(t *testing.T) {
 			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "work"},
 		}, pkg.MustDecode("E4vEZKhCcL2gPZ2Tt59FS3lDng-d_2SKa2i5G_RbDfwGn6EemptFaGLPUDiOa94C"), nil},
 
-		{"sample cache file", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-
-			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"checksum/vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0}},
-			"checksum/0bSFPu5Tnd-2Jj0Mv6co23PW2t3BmHc7eLFj9TgY3eIBg8zislo7xZYNBqovVLcq": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0xad, 0xb, 0, 4, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0, 0, 0xfe, 0xca, 0, 0}},
-
-			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"identifier/vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX")},
-			"identifier/0bSFPu5Tnd-2Jj0Mv6co23PW2t3BmHc7eLFj9TgY3eIBg8zislo7xZYNBqovVLcq": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/0bSFPu5Tnd-2Jj0Mv6co23PW2t3BmHc7eLFj9TgY3eIBg8zislo7xZYNBqovVLcq")},
-			"identifier/cafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabe": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/0bSFPu5Tnd-2Jj0Mv6co23PW2t3BmHc7eLFj9TgY3eIBg8zislo7xZYNBqovVLcq")},
-			"identifier/deadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeef": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/0bSFPu5Tnd-2Jj0Mv6co23PW2t3BmHc7eLFj9TgY3eIBg8zislo7xZYNBqovVLcq")},
-
-			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "checksum"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/0bSFPu5Tnd-2Jj0Mv6co23PW2t3BmHc7eLFj9TgY3eIBg8zislo7xZYNBqovVLcq", Data: []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0xad, 0xb, 0, 4, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0, 0, 0xfe, 0xca, 0, 0}},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX", Data: []byte{0}},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "identifier"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/0bSFPu5Tnd-2Jj0Mv6co23PW2t3BmHc7eLFj9TgY3eIBg8zislo7xZYNBqovVLcq", Data: []byte("../checksum/0bSFPu5Tnd-2Jj0Mv6co23PW2t3BmHc7eLFj9TgY3eIBg8zislo7xZYNBqovVLcq")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/cafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabe", Data: []byte("../checksum/0bSFPu5Tnd-2Jj0Mv6co23PW2t3BmHc7eLFj9TgY3eIBg8zislo7xZYNBqovVLcq")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/deadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeef", Data: []byte("../checksum/0bSFPu5Tnd-2Jj0Mv6co23PW2t3BmHc7eLFj9TgY3eIBg8zislo7xZYNBqovVLcq")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX", Data: []byte("../checksum/vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "work"},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("St9rlE-mGZ5gXwiv_hzQ_B8bZP-UUvSNmf4nHUZzCMOumb6hKnheZSe0dmnuc4Q2"), nil},
-
-		{"sample http get cure", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-
-			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"checksum/fLYGIMHgN1louE-JzITJZJo2SDniPu-IHBXubtvQWFO-hXnDVKNuscV7-zlyr5fU": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte("\x7f\xe1\x69\xa2\xdd\x63\x96\x26\x83\x79\x61\x8b\xf0\x3f\xd5\x16\x9a\x39\x3a\xdb\xcf\xb1\xbc\x8d\x33\xff\x75\xee\x62\x56\xa9\xf0\x27\xac\x13\x94\x69")},
-
-			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"identifier/oM-2pUlk-mOxK1t3aMWZer69UdOQlAXiAgMrpZ1476VoOqpYVP1aGFS9_HYy-D8_": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/fLYGIMHgN1louE-JzITJZJo2SDniPu-IHBXubtvQWFO-hXnDVKNuscV7-zlyr5fU")},
-
-			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "checksum"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/fLYGIMHgN1louE-JzITJZJo2SDniPu-IHBXubtvQWFO-hXnDVKNuscV7-zlyr5fU", Data: []byte("\x7f\xe1\x69\xa2\xdd\x63\x96\x26\x83\x79\x61\x8b\xf0\x3f\xd5\x16\x9a\x39\x3a\xdb\xcf\xb1\xbc\x8d\x33\xff\x75\xee\x62\x56\xa9\xf0\x27\xac\x13\x94\x69")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "identifier"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/oM-2pUlk-mOxK1t3aMWZer69UdOQlAXiAgMrpZ1476VoOqpYVP1aGFS9_HYy-D8_", Data: []byte("../checksum/fLYGIMHgN1louE-JzITJZJo2SDniPu-IHBXubtvQWFO-hXnDVKNuscV7-zlyr5fU")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "work"},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("L_0RFHpr9JUS4Zp14rz2dESSRvfLzpvqsLhR1-YjQt8hYlmEdVl7vI3_-v8UNPKs"), nil},
-
-		{"sample directory step simple", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-
-			"check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0, 0}},
-
-			"lib":            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"lib/libedac.so": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
-
-			"lib/pkgconfig": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "check", Data: []byte{0, 0}},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "lib"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "lib/libedac.so", Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "lib/pkgconfig"},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b"), nil},
-
 		{"sample directory step garbage", fstest.MapFS{
 			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
 
@@ -151,421 +79,6 @@ func TestFlatten(t *testing.T) {
 
 			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "lib/pkgconfig"},
 		}, pkg.MustDecode("CUx-3hSbTWPsbMfDhgalG4Ni_GmR9TnVX8F99tY_P5GtkYvczg9RrF5zO0jX9XYT"), nil},
-
-		{"sample directory", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-
-			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b":                {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b/check":          {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0, 0}},
-			"checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b/lib":            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b/lib/pkgconfig":  {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b/lib/libedac.so": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
-
-			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"identifier/HnySzeLQvSBZuTUcvfmLEX_OmH4yJWWH788NxuLuv7kVn8_uPM6Ks4rqFWM2NZJY": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b")},
-			"identifier/Zx5ZG9BAwegNT3zQwCySuI2ktCXxNgxirkGLFjW4FW06PtojYVaCdtEw8yuntPLa": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b")},
-
-			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "checksum"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b/check", Data: []byte{0, 0}},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b/lib"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b/lib/libedac.so", Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b/lib/pkgconfig"},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "identifier"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/HnySzeLQvSBZuTUcvfmLEX_OmH4yJWWH788NxuLuv7kVn8_uPM6Ks4rqFWM2NZJY", Data: []byte("../checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/Zx5ZG9BAwegNT3zQwCySuI2ktCXxNgxirkGLFjW4FW06PtojYVaCdtEw8yuntPLa", Data: []byte("../checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "work"},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("WVpvsVqVKg9Nsh744x57h51AuWUoUR2nnh8Md-EYBQpk6ziyTuUn6PLtF2e0Eu_d"), nil},
-
-		{"sample no assume checksum", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-
-			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"checksum/Aubi5EG4_Y8DhL9bQ3Q4HFBhLRF7X5gt9D3CNCQfT-TeBtlRXc7Zi_JYZEMoCC7M":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/Aubi5EG4_Y8DhL9bQ3Q4HFBhLRF7X5gt9D3CNCQfT-TeBtlRXc7Zi_JYZEMoCC7M/check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{}},
-
-			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"identifier/_wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/Aubi5EG4_Y8DhL9bQ3Q4HFBhLRF7X5gt9D3CNCQfT-TeBtlRXc7Zi_JYZEMoCC7M")},
-			"identifier/_wEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/Aubi5EG4_Y8DhL9bQ3Q4HFBhLRF7X5gt9D3CNCQfT-TeBtlRXc7Zi_JYZEMoCC7M")},
-
-			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "checksum"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/Aubi5EG4_Y8DhL9bQ3Q4HFBhLRF7X5gt9D3CNCQfT-TeBtlRXc7Zi_JYZEMoCC7M"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/Aubi5EG4_Y8DhL9bQ3Q4HFBhLRF7X5gt9D3CNCQfT-TeBtlRXc7Zi_JYZEMoCC7M/check", Data: []byte{}},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "identifier"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/_wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA", Data: []byte("../checksum/Aubi5EG4_Y8DhL9bQ3Q4HFBhLRF7X5gt9D3CNCQfT-TeBtlRXc7Zi_JYZEMoCC7M")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/_wEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA", Data: []byte("../checksum/Aubi5EG4_Y8DhL9bQ3Q4HFBhLRF7X5gt9D3CNCQfT-TeBtlRXc7Zi_JYZEMoCC7M")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "work"},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("OC290t23aimNo2Rp2pPwan5GI2KRLRdOwYxXQMD9jw0QROgHnNXWodoWdV0hwu2w"), nil},
-
-		{"sample tar step unpack", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-
-			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP":                {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/check":          {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0, 0}},
-			"checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib":            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib/pkgconfig":  {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib/libedac.so": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
-
-			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"identifier/HnySzeLQvSBZuTUcvfmLEX_OmH4yJWWH788NxuLuv7kVn8_uPM6Ks4rqFWM2NZJY": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP")},
-			"identifier/Zx5ZG9BAwegNT3zQwCySuI2ktCXxNgxirkGLFjW4FW06PtojYVaCdtEw8yuntPLa": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP")},
-
-			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/check", Data: []byte{0, 0}},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib/libedac.so", Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib/pkgconfig"},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "identifier"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/HnySzeLQvSBZuTUcvfmLEX_OmH4yJWWH788NxuLuv7kVn8_uPM6Ks4rqFWM2NZJY", Data: []byte("../checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/Zx5ZG9BAwegNT3zQwCySuI2ktCXxNgxirkGLFjW4FW06PtojYVaCdtEw8yuntPLa", Data: []byte("../checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "work"},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM"), nil},
-
-		{"sample tar", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-
-			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM":                                                                                          {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/checksum":                                                                                 {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP":                {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/check":          {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0, 0}},
-			"checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib":            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib/libedac.so": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
-			"checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib/pkgconfig":  {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/identifier":                                                                               {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/identifier/HnySzeLQvSBZuTUcvfmLEX_OmH4yJWWH788NxuLuv7kVn8_uPM6Ks4rqFWM2NZJY":              {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP")},
-			"checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/identifier/Zx5ZG9BAwegNT3zQwCySuI2ktCXxNgxirkGLFjW4FW06PtojYVaCdtEw8yuntPLa":              {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP")},
-			"checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/work":                                                                                     {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-
-			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"identifier/W5S65DEhawz_WKaok5NjUKLmnD9dNl5RPauNJjcOVcB3VM4eGhSaLGmXbL8vZpiw": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM")},
-			"identifier/rg7F1D5hwv6o4xctjD5zDq4i5MD0mArTsUIWfhUbik8xC6Bsyt3mjXXOm3goojTz": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM")},
-
-			"temp": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "checksum"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/checksum"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/check", Data: []byte{0, 0}},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib/libedac.so", Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib/pkgconfig"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/identifier"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/identifier/HnySzeLQvSBZuTUcvfmLEX_OmH4yJWWH788NxuLuv7kVn8_uPM6Ks4rqFWM2NZJY", Data: []byte("../checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/identifier/Zx5ZG9BAwegNT3zQwCySuI2ktCXxNgxirkGLFjW4FW06PtojYVaCdtEw8yuntPLa", Data: []byte("../checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM/work"},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "identifier"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/W5S65DEhawz_WKaok5NjUKLmnD9dNl5RPauNJjcOVcB3VM4eGhSaLGmXbL8vZpiw", Data: []byte("../checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/rg7F1D5hwv6o4xctjD5zDq4i5MD0mArTsUIWfhUbik8xC6Bsyt3mjXXOm3goojTz", Data: []byte("../checksum/cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "temp"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "work"},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("NQTlc466JmSVLIyWklm_u8_g95jEEb98PxJU-kjwxLpfdjwMWJq0G8ze9R4Vo1Vu"), nil},
-
-		{"sample tar expand step unpack", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-
-			"libedac.so": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "libedac.so", Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("CH3AiUrCCcVOjOYLaMKKK1Da78989JtfHeIsxMzWOQFiN4mrCLDYpoDxLWqJWCUN"), nil},
-
-		{"sample tar expand", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-
-			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"checksum/CH3AiUrCCcVOjOYLaMKKK1Da78989JtfHeIsxMzWOQFiN4mrCLDYpoDxLWqJWCUN":            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/CH3AiUrCCcVOjOYLaMKKK1Da78989JtfHeIsxMzWOQFiN4mrCLDYpoDxLWqJWCUN/libedac.so": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
-
-			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"identifier/W5S65DEhawz_WKaok5NjUKLmnD9dNl5RPauNJjcOVcB3VM4eGhSaLGmXbL8vZpiw": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/CH3AiUrCCcVOjOYLaMKKK1Da78989JtfHeIsxMzWOQFiN4mrCLDYpoDxLWqJWCUN")},
-			"identifier/_v1blm2h-_KA-dVaawdpLas6MjHc6rbhhFS8JWwx8iJxZGUu8EBbRrhr5AaZ9PJL": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/CH3AiUrCCcVOjOYLaMKKK1Da78989JtfHeIsxMzWOQFiN4mrCLDYpoDxLWqJWCUN")},
-
-			"temp": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "checksum"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/CH3AiUrCCcVOjOYLaMKKK1Da78989JtfHeIsxMzWOQFiN4mrCLDYpoDxLWqJWCUN"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "checksum/CH3AiUrCCcVOjOYLaMKKK1Da78989JtfHeIsxMzWOQFiN4mrCLDYpoDxLWqJWCUN/libedac.so", Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "identifier"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/W5S65DEhawz_WKaok5NjUKLmnD9dNl5RPauNJjcOVcB3VM4eGhSaLGmXbL8vZpiw", Data: []byte("../checksum/CH3AiUrCCcVOjOYLaMKKK1Da78989JtfHeIsxMzWOQFiN4mrCLDYpoDxLWqJWCUN")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/_v1blm2h-_KA-dVaawdpLas6MjHc6rbhhFS8JWwx8iJxZGUu8EBbRrhr5AaZ9PJL", Data: []byte("../checksum/CH3AiUrCCcVOjOYLaMKKK1Da78989JtfHeIsxMzWOQFiN4mrCLDYpoDxLWqJWCUN")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "temp"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "work"},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("hSoSSgCYTNonX3Q8FjvjD1fBl-E-BQyA6OTXro2OadXqbST4tZ-akGXszdeqphRe"), nil},
-
-		{"testtool", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-
-			"check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0}},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "check", Data: []byte{0}},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9"), nil},
-
-		{"sample exec container", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-
-			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9/check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0}},
-			"checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb":       {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{}},
-
-			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"identifier/_gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb")},
-			"identifier/dztPS6jRjiZtCF4_p8AzfnxGp6obkhrgFVsxdodbKWUoAEVtDz3MykepJB4kI_ks": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9")},
-			"identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
-
-			"temp": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "checksum"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9/check", Data: []byte{0}},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb", Data: []byte{}},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "identifier"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/_gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA", Data: []byte("../checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/dztPS6jRjiZtCF4_p8AzfnxGp6obkhrgFVsxdodbKWUoAEVtDz3MykepJB4kI_ks", Data: []byte("../checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK", Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "temp"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "work"},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("Q5DluWQCAeohLoiGRImurwFp3vdz9IfQCoj7Fuhh73s4KQPRHpEQEnHTdNHmB8Fx"), nil},
-
-		{"testtool net", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-
-			"check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte("net")},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "check", Data: []byte("net")},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("a1F_i9PVQI4qMcoHgTQkORuyWLkC1GLIxOhDt2JpU1NGAxWc5VJzdlfRK-PYBh3W"), nil},
-
-		{"sample exec net container", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-
-			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb":       {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{}},
-			"checksum/a1F_i9PVQI4qMcoHgTQkORuyWLkC1GLIxOhDt2JpU1NGAxWc5VJzdlfRK-PYBh3W":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/a1F_i9PVQI4qMcoHgTQkORuyWLkC1GLIxOhDt2JpU1NGAxWc5VJzdlfRK-PYBh3W/check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte("net")},
-
-			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"identifier/G8qPxD9puvvoOVV7lrT80eyDeIl3G_CCFoKw12c8mCjMdG1zF7NEPkwYpNubClK3": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/a1F_i9PVQI4qMcoHgTQkORuyWLkC1GLIxOhDt2JpU1NGAxWc5VJzdlfRK-PYBh3W")},
-			"identifier/_gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb")},
-			"identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
-
-			"temp": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "checksum"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb", Data: []byte{}},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/a1F_i9PVQI4qMcoHgTQkORuyWLkC1GLIxOhDt2JpU1NGAxWc5VJzdlfRK-PYBh3W"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/a1F_i9PVQI4qMcoHgTQkORuyWLkC1GLIxOhDt2JpU1NGAxWc5VJzdlfRK-PYBh3W/check", Data: []byte("net")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "identifier"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/G8qPxD9puvvoOVV7lrT80eyDeIl3G_CCFoKw12c8mCjMdG1zF7NEPkwYpNubClK3", Data: []byte("../checksum/a1F_i9PVQI4qMcoHgTQkORuyWLkC1GLIxOhDt2JpU1NGAxWc5VJzdlfRK-PYBh3W")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/_gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA", Data: []byte("../checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK", Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "temp"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "work"},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("bPYvvqxpfV7xcC1EptqyKNK1klLJgYHMDkzBcoOyK6j_Aj5hb0mXNPwTwPSK5F6Z"), nil},
-
-		{"sample exec container overlay root", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-
-			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9/check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0}},
-			"checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-
-			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"identifier/RdMA-mubnrHuu3Ky1wWyxauSYCO0ZH_zCPUj3uDHqkfwv5sGcByoF_g5PjlGiClb": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9")},
-			"identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
-
-			"temp": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "checksum"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9/check", Data: []byte{0}},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU"},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "identifier"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/RdMA-mubnrHuu3Ky1wWyxauSYCO0ZH_zCPUj3uDHqkfwv5sGcByoF_g5PjlGiClb", Data: []byte("../checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK", Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "temp"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "work"},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("PO2DSSCa4yoSgEYRcCSZfQfwow1yRigL3Ry-hI0RDI4aGuFBha-EfXeSJnG_5_Rl"), nil},
-
-		{"sample exec container overlay work", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-
-			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9/check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0}},
-			"checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-
-			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"identifier/5hlaukCirnXE4W_RSLJFOZN47Z5RiHnacXzdFp_70cLgiJUGR6cSb_HaFftkzi0-": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9")},
-			"identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
-
-			"temp": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "checksum"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9/check", Data: []byte{0}},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU"},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "identifier"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/5hlaukCirnXE4W_RSLJFOZN47Z5RiHnacXzdFp_70cLgiJUGR6cSb_HaFftkzi0-", Data: []byte("../checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK", Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "temp"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "work"},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("iaRt6l_Wm2n-h5UsDewZxQkCmjZjyL8r7wv32QT2kyV55-Lx09Dq4gfg9BiwPnKs"), nil},
-
-		{"sample exec container multiple layers", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-
-			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9/check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0}},
-			"checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb":       {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{}},
-			"checksum/nY_CUdiaUM1OL4cPr5TS92FCJ3rCRV7Hm5oVTzAvMXwC03_QnTRfQ5PPs7mOU9fK":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/nY_CUdiaUM1OL4cPr5TS92FCJ3rCRV7Hm5oVTzAvMXwC03_QnTRfQ5PPs7mOU9fK/check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte("layers")},
-
-			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"identifier/_gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb")},
-			"identifier/B-kc5iJMx8GtlCua4dz6BiJHnDAOUfPjgpbKq4e-QEn0_CZkSYs3fOA1ve06qMs2": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/nY_CUdiaUM1OL4cPr5TS92FCJ3rCRV7Hm5oVTzAvMXwC03_QnTRfQ5PPs7mOU9fK")},
-			"identifier/p1t_drXr34i-jZNuxDMLaMOdL6tZvQqhavNafGynGqxOZoXAUTSn7kqNh3Ovv3DT": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9")},
-			"identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
-
-			"temp": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "checksum"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9/check", Data: []byte{0}},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb", Data: []byte{}},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/nY_CUdiaUM1OL4cPr5TS92FCJ3rCRV7Hm5oVTzAvMXwC03_QnTRfQ5PPs7mOU9fK"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/nY_CUdiaUM1OL4cPr5TS92FCJ3rCRV7Hm5oVTzAvMXwC03_QnTRfQ5PPs7mOU9fK/check", Data: []byte("layers")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "identifier"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/B-kc5iJMx8GtlCua4dz6BiJHnDAOUfPjgpbKq4e-QEn0_CZkSYs3fOA1ve06qMs2", Data: []byte("../checksum/nY_CUdiaUM1OL4cPr5TS92FCJ3rCRV7Hm5oVTzAvMXwC03_QnTRfQ5PPs7mOU9fK")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/_gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA", Data: []byte("../checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/p1t_drXr34i-jZNuxDMLaMOdL6tZvQqhavNafGynGqxOZoXAUTSn7kqNh3Ovv3DT", Data: []byte("../checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK", Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "temp"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "work"},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("O2YzyR7IUGU5J2CADy0hUZ3A5NkP_Vwzs4UadEdn2oMZZVWRtH0xZGJ3HXiimTnZ"), nil},
-
-		{"sample exec container layer promotion", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-
-			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-			"checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9/check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0}},
-			"checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
-
-			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"identifier/kvJIqZo5DKFOxC2ZQ-8_nPaQzEAz9cIm3p6guO-uLqm-xaiPu7oRkSnsu411jd_U": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
-			"identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
-			"identifier/xXTIYcXmgJWNLC91c417RRrNM9cjELwEZHpGvf8Fk_GNP5agRJp_SicD0w9aMeLJ": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9")},
-
-			"temp": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "."},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "checksum"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9/check", Data: []byte{0}},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500, Path: "checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU"},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "identifier"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/kvJIqZo5DKFOxC2ZQ-8_nPaQzEAz9cIm3p6guO-uLqm-xaiPu7oRkSnsu411jd_U", Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK", Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/xXTIYcXmgJWNLC91c417RRrNM9cjELwEZHpGvf8Fk_GNP5agRJp_SicD0w9aMeLJ", Data: []byte("../checksum/GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "temp"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "work"},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("3EaW6WibLi9gl03_UieiFPaFcPy5p4x3JPxrnLJxGaTI-bh3HU9DK9IMx7c3rrNm"), nil},
-
-		{"sample file short", fstest.MapFS{
-			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-
-			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"checksum/vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0}},
-
-			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			"identifier/3376ALA7hIUm2LbzH2fDvRezgzod1eTK_G6XjyOgbM2u-6swvkFaF0BOwSl_juBi": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX")},
-
-			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-		}, []pkg.FlatEntry{
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "."},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "checksum"},
-			{Mode: 0400, Path: "checksum/vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX", Data: []byte{0}},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "identifier"},
-			{Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Path: "identifier/3376ALA7hIUm2LbzH2fDvRezgzod1eTK_G6XjyOgbM2u-6swvkFaF0BOwSl_juBi", Data: []byte("../checksum/vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX")},
-
-			{Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700, Path: "work"},
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("iR6H5OIsyOW4EwEgtm9rGzGF6DVtyHLySEtwnFE8bnus9VJcoCbR4JIek7Lw-vwT"), nil},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {

internal/pkg/exec.go

@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
+	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 	"unique"
@@ -94,6 +96,32 @@ func MustPath(pathname string, writable bool, a ...Artifact) ExecPath {
 	return ExecPath{check.MustAbs(pathname), a, writable}
 }
 
+var (
+	binfmt   map[string]container.BinfmtEntry
+	binfmtMu sync.RWMutex
+)
+
+// RegisterArch arranges for [KindExec] and [KindExecNet] to support a new
+// architecture via a binfmt_misc entry. Each architecture must be registered
+// at most once.
+func RegisterArch(arch string, e container.BinfmtEntry) {
+	if arch == "" {
+		panic(UnsupportedArchError(arch))
+	}
+
+	binfmtMu.Lock()
+	defer binfmtMu.Unlock()
+
+	if binfmt == nil {
+		binfmt = make(map[string]container.BinfmtEntry)
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := binfmt[arch]; ok {
+		panic("attempting to register " + strconv.Quote(arch) + " twice")
+	}
+	binfmt[arch] = e
+}
+
 const (
 	// ExecTimeoutDefault replaces out of range [NewExec] timeout values.
 	ExecTimeoutDefault = 15 * time.Minute
@@ -110,6 +138,8 @@ type execArtifact struct {
 	// Caller-supplied user-facing reporting name, guaranteed to be nonzero
 	// during initialisation.
 	name string
+	// Target architecture.
+	arch string
 	// Caller-supplied inner mount points.
 	paths []ExecPath
 
@@ -132,28 +162,40 @@ type execArtifact struct {
 
 var _ fmt.Stringer = new(execArtifact)
 
-// execNetArtifact is like execArtifact but implements [KnownChecksum] and has
-// its resulting container keep the host net namespace.
-type execNetArtifact struct {
+// execMeasuredArtifact is like execArtifact but implements [KnownChecksum] and
+// has its resulting container optionally keep the host net namespace.
+type execMeasuredArtifact struct {
 	checksum Checksum
 
+	// Whether to keep host net namespace.
+	hostNet bool
+
 	execArtifact
 }
 
-var _ KnownChecksum = new(execNetArtifact)
+var _ KnownChecksum = new(execMeasuredArtifact)
 
 // Checksum returns the caller-supplied checksum.
-func (a *execNetArtifact) Checksum() Checksum { return a.checksum }
+func (a *execMeasuredArtifact) Checksum() Checksum { return a.checksum }
 
-// Kind returns the hardcoded [Kind] constant.
-func (*execNetArtifact) Kind() Kind { return KindExecNet }
+// Kind returns [KindExecNet], or [KindExec] if hostNet is false.
+func (a *execMeasuredArtifact) Kind() Kind {
+	if a == nil || a.hostNet {
+		return KindExecNet
+	}
+	return KindExec
+}
 
 // Cure cures the [Artifact] in the container described by the caller. The
-// container retains host networking.
-func (a *execNetArtifact) Cure(f *FContext) error {
-	return a.cure(f, true)
+// container optionally retains host networking.
+func (a *execMeasuredArtifact) Cure(f *FContext) error {
+	return a.cure(f, a.hostNet)
 }
 
+// ErrNetChecksum is panicked by [NewExec] if host net namespace is requested
+// with a nil checksum.
+var ErrNetChecksum = errors.New("attempting to keep net namespace without checksum")
+
 // NewExec returns a new [Artifact] that executes the program path in a
 // container with specified paths bind mounted read-only in order. A private
 // instance of /proc and /dev is made available to the container.
@@ -167,7 +209,7 @@ func (a *execNetArtifact) Cure(f *FContext) error {
 // regular or symlink.
 //
 // If checksum is non-nil, the resulting [Artifact] implements [KnownChecksum]
-// and its container runs in the host net namespace.
+// and its container optionally runs in the host net namespace.
 //
 // The container is allowed to run for the specified duration before the initial
 // process and all processes originating from it is terminated. A zero or
@@ -178,10 +220,10 @@ func (a *execNetArtifact) Cure(f *FContext) error {
 // container and does not affect curing outcome. Because of this, it is omitted
 // from parameter data for computing identifier.
 func NewExec(
-	name string,
+	name, arch string,
 	checksum *Checksum,
 	timeout time.Duration,
-	exclusive bool,
+	hostNet, exclusive bool,
 
 	dir *check.Absolute,
 	env []string,
@@ -193,17 +235,23 @@ func NewExec(
 	if name == "" {
 		name = "exec-" + filepath.Base(pathname.String())
 	}
+	if arch == "" {
+		arch = runtime.GOARCH
+	}
 	if timeout <= 0 {
 		timeout = ExecTimeoutDefault
 	}
 	if timeout > ExecTimeoutMax {
 		timeout = ExecTimeoutMax
 	}
-	a := execArtifact{name, paths, dir, env, pathname, args, timeout, exclusive}
+	a := execArtifact{name, arch, paths, dir, env, pathname, args, timeout, exclusive}
 	if checksum == nil {
+		if hostNet {
+			panic(ErrNetChecksum)
+		}
 		return &a
 	}
-	return &execNetArtifact{*checksum, a}
+	return &execMeasuredArtifact{*checksum, hostNet, a}
 }
 
 // Kind returns the hardcoded [Kind] constant.
@@ -211,6 +259,7 @@ func (*execArtifact) Kind() Kind { return KindExec }
 
 // Params writes paths, executable pathname and args.
 func (a *execArtifact) Params(ctx *IContext) {
+	ctx.WriteString(a.arch)
 	ctx.WriteString(a.name)
 
 	ctx.WriteUint32(uint32(len(a.paths)))
@@ -257,11 +306,26 @@ func (a *execArtifact) Params(ctx *IContext) {
 	}
 }
 
+// UnsupportedArchError describes an unsupported or invalid architecture.
+type UnsupportedArchError string
+
+func (e UnsupportedArchError) Error() string {
+	if e == "" {
+		return "invalid architecture name"
+	}
+	return "unsupported architecture " + string(e)
+}
+
 // readExecArtifact interprets IR values and returns the address of execArtifact
 // or execNetArtifact.
 func readExecArtifact(r *IRReader, net bool) Artifact {
 	r.DiscardAll()
 
+	arch := r.ReadString()
+	if arch == "" {
+		panic(UnsupportedArchError(arch))
+	}
+
 	name := r.ReadString()
 
 	sz := r.ReadUint32()
@@ -312,22 +376,17 @@ func readExecArtifact(r *IRReader, net bool) Artifact {
 	exclusive := r.ReadUint32() != 0
 
 	checksum, ok := r.Finalise()
-
 	var checksumP *Checksum
-	if net {
-		if !ok {
-			panic(ErrExpectedChecksum)
-		}
-		checksumVal := checksum.Value()
-		checksumP = &checksumVal
-	} else {
-		if ok {
-			panic(ErrUnexpectedChecksum)
-		}
+	if ok {
+		checksumP = new(checksum.Value())
+	}
+
+	if net && !ok {
+		panic(ErrExpectedChecksum)
 	}
 
 	return NewExec(
-		name, checksumP, timeout, exclusive, dir, env, pathname, args, paths...,
+		name, arch, checksumP, timeout, net, exclusive, dir, env, pathname, args, paths...,
 	)
 }
 
@@ -436,11 +495,23 @@ func (a *execArtifact) makeContainer(
 	if z.HostNet {
 		z.Hostname = "cure-net"
 	}
+	z.Quiet = flags&CSuppressInit != 0
 	z.Uid, z.Gid = (1<<10)-1, (1<<10)-1
 	z.Dir, z.Path, z.Args = a.dir, a.path, a.args
 	z.Env = slices.Concat(a.env, []string{EnvJobs + "=" + strconv.Itoa(jobs)})
 	z.Grow(len(a.paths) + 4)
 
+	if a.arch != runtime.GOARCH {
+		binfmtMu.RLock()
+		e, ok := binfmt[a.arch]
+		binfmtMu.RUnlock()
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, UnsupportedArchError(a.arch)
+		}
+		z.Binfmt = []container.BinfmtEntry{e}
+		z.InitAsRoot = true
+	}
+
 	for i, b := range a.paths {
 		if i == overlayWorkIndex {
 			if err = os.MkdirAll(work.String(), 0700); err != nil {
@@ -527,9 +598,9 @@ func (c *Cache) EnterExec(
 	case *execArtifact:
 		e = f
 
-	case *execNetArtifact:
+	case *execMeasuredArtifact:
 		e = &f.execArtifact
-		hostNet = true
+		hostNet = f.hostNet
 
 	default:
 		return ErrNotExec
@@ -630,12 +701,6 @@ func (a *execArtifact) cure(f *FContext, hostNet bool) (err error) {
 			_ = stdout.Close()
 			return
 		}
-		defer func() {
-			if err != nil && !errors.As(err, new(*exec.ExitError)) {
-				_ = stdout.Close()
-				_ = stderr.Close()
-			}
-		}()
 
 		brStdout, brStderr := f.cache.getReader(stdout), f.cache.getReader(stderr)
 		stdoutDone, stderrDone := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
@@ -650,6 +715,11 @@ func (a *execArtifact) cure(f *FContext, hostNet bool) (err error) {
 			io.TeeReader(brStderr, status),
 		)
 		defer func() {
+			if err != nil && !errors.As(err, new(*exec.ExitError)) {
+				_ = stdout.Close()
+				_ = stderr.Close()
+			}
+
 			<-stdoutDone
 			<-stderrDone
 			f.cache.putReader(brStdout)

internal/pkg/exec_test.go

@@ -1,44 +1,70 @@
 package pkg_test
 
-//go:generate env CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -tags testtool -o testdata/testtool ./testdata
-
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	_ "embed"
 	"encoding/gob"
 	"errors"
+	"io/fs"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
 	"testing"
-	"unique"
 
 	"hakurei.app/check"
+	"hakurei.app/container"
 	"hakurei.app/hst"
+	"hakurei.app/internal/info"
 	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
 	"hakurei.app/internal/stub"
+
+	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg/internal/testtool/expected"
 )
 
 // testtoolBin is the container test tool binary made available to the
 // execArtifact for testing its curing environment.
 //
-//go:embed testdata/testtool
+//go:generate env CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -tags testtool -o internal/testtool ./internal/testtool
+//go:embed internal/testtool/testtool
 var testtoolBin []byte
 
+func init() {
+	pathname, err := filepath.Abs("internal/testtool/testtool")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	pkg.RegisterArch("cafe", container.BinfmtEntry{
+		Magic:       expected.Magic,
+		Interpreter: check.MustAbs(pathname),
+	})
+}
+
 func TestExec(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	wantChecksumOffline := pkg.MustDecode(
-		"GPa4aBakdSJd7Tz7LYj_VJFoojzyZinmVcG3k6M5xI6CZ821J5sXLhLDDuS47gi9",
-	)
+	wantOffline := expectsFS{
+		".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+
+		"check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0}},
+	}
+	wantOfflineEncode := pkg.Encode(wantOffline.hash())
+	failingArtifact := &stubArtifact{
+		kind:   pkg.KindTar,
+		params: []byte("doomed artifact"),
+		cure: func(t *pkg.TContext) error {
+			return stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)
+		},
+	}
 
 	checkWithCache(t, []cacheTestCase{
-		{"offline", pkg.CValidateKnown, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
+		{"offline", pkg.CValidateKnown | checkDestroySubstitutes, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
 			testtool, testtoolDestroy := newTesttool()
 
 			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
 				{"container", pkg.NewExec(
-					"exec-offline", nil, 0, false,
+					"exec-offline", "", new(wantOffline.hash()), 0, false, false,
 					pkg.AbsWork,
 					[]string{"HAKUREI_TEST=1"},
 					check.MustAbs("/opt/bin/testtool"),
@@ -58,67 +84,128 @@ func TestExec(t *testing.T) {
 						},
 					}),
 					pkg.MustPath("/opt", false, testtool),
-				), ignorePathname, wantChecksumOffline, nil},
+				), ignorePathname, wantOffline, nil},
 
-				{"error passthrough", pkg.NewExec(
-					"", nil, 0, true,
+				{"substitution", pkg.NewExec(
+					"exec-offline", "", new(wantOffline.hash()), 0, false, false,
 					pkg.AbsWork,
 					[]string{"HAKUREI_TEST=1"},
 					check.MustAbs("/opt/bin/testtool"),
 					[]string{"testtool"},
 
-					pkg.MustPath("/proc/nonexistent", false, &stubArtifact{
+					pkg.MustPath("/file", false, newStubFile(
+						pkg.KindHTTPGet,
+						pkg.ID{0xfe, 0},
+						nil,
+						nil, nil,
+					)),
+					// substitution miss fails in testtool due to differing idents
+					pkg.MustPath("/.hakurei", false, &stubArtifact{
 						kind:   pkg.KindTar,
-						params: []byte("doomed artifact"),
+						params: []byte("empty directory (substituted)"),
 						cure: func(t *pkg.TContext) error {
-							return stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)
+							return os.MkdirAll(t.GetWorkDir().String(), 0700)
 						},
 					}),
-				), nil, pkg.Checksum{}, &pkg.DependencyCureError{
+					pkg.MustPath("/opt", false, testtool),
+				), ignorePathname, wantOffline, nil},
+
+				{"error passthrough", pkg.NewExec(
+					"", "", nil, 0, false, true,
+					pkg.AbsWork,
+					[]string{"HAKUREI_TEST=1"},
+					check.MustAbs("/opt/bin/testtool"),
+					[]string{"testtool"},
+
+					pkg.MustPath("/proc/nonexistent", false, failingArtifact),
+				), nil, nil, &pkg.DependencyCureError{
 					{
-						Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID(pkg.MustDecode(
-							"Sowo6oZRmG6xVtUaxB6bDWZhVsqAJsIJWUp0OPKlE103cY0lodx7dem8J-qQF0Z1",
-						))),
+						A:   failingArtifact,
 						Err: stub.UniqueError(0xcafe),
 					},
 				}},
 
 				{"invalid paths", pkg.NewExec(
-					"", nil, 0, false,
+					"", "", nil, 0, false, false,
 					pkg.AbsWork,
 					[]string{"HAKUREI_TEST=1"},
 					check.MustAbs("/opt/bin/testtool"),
 					[]string{"testtool"},
 
 					pkg.ExecPath{},
-				), nil, pkg.Checksum{}, pkg.ErrInvalidPaths},
+				), nil, nil, pkg.ErrInvalidPaths},
 			})
 
 			// check init failure passthrough
-			var exitError *exec.ExitError
-			if _, _, err := c.Cure(pkg.NewExec(
-				"", nil, 0, false,
+			initFailureArtifact := pkg.NewExec(
+				"", "", nil, 0, false, false,
 				pkg.AbsWork,
 				nil,
 				check.MustAbs("/opt/bin/testtool"),
 				[]string{"testtool"},
-			)); !errors.As(err, &exitError) ||
+			)
+			var exitError *exec.ExitError
+			if _, _, err := c.Cure(initFailureArtifact); !errors.As(err, &exitError) ||
 				exitError.ExitCode() != hst.ExitFailure {
 				t.Fatalf("Cure: error = %v, want init exit status 1", err)
 			}
 
-			testtoolDestroy(t, base, c)
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("Q5DluWQCAeohLoiGRImurwFp3vdz9IfQCoj7Fuhh73s4KQPRHpEQEnHTdNHmB8Fx")},
+			var faultStatus []byte
+			if faults, err := c.ReadFaults(initFailureArtifact); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			} else if len(faults) != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("ReadFaults: %v", faults)
+			} else if faultStatus, err = os.ReadFile(faults[0].String()); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			} else if err = faults[0].Destroy(); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			} else {
+				t.Logf("destroyed expected fault at %s", faults[0].Time().UTC())
+			}
 
-		{"net", pkg.CValidateKnown, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
+			if !bytes.HasPrefix(faultStatus, []byte(
+				"internal/pkg ",
+			)) || !bytes.Contains(faultStatus, []byte(
+				"\ninit: fork/exec /opt/bin/testtool: no such file or directory\n",
+			)) {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected status:\n%s", string(faultStatus))
+			}
+
+			destroyStatus(t, base, 2, 1)
+			testtoolDestroy(t, base, c)
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum":                                 {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/" + wantOfflineEncode:            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/" + wantOfflineEncode + "/check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0}},
+			"checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{}},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/IY91PCtOpCYy21AaIK0c9f8-Z6fb2_2ewoHWkt4dxoLf0GOrWqS8yAGFLV84b1Dw": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantOfflineEncode)},
+			"identifier/QwS7SmiatdqryQYgESdGw7Yw2PcpNf0vNfpvUA0t92BTlKiUjfCrXyMW17G2X77X": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
+			"identifier/_gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb")},
+			"identifier/" + expected.Offline:                                              {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantOfflineEncode)},
+			"identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"temp": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
+
+		{"net", pkg.CValidateKnown | checkDestroySubstitutes, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
 			testtool, testtoolDestroy := newTesttool()
 
-			wantChecksum := pkg.MustDecode(
-				"a1F_i9PVQI4qMcoHgTQkORuyWLkC1GLIxOhDt2JpU1NGAxWc5VJzdlfRK-PYBh3W",
-			)
+			wantNet := expectsFS{
+				".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+
+				"check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte("net")},
+			}
 			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
 				{"container", pkg.NewExec(
-					"exec-net", &wantChecksum, 0, false,
+					"exec-net", "", new(wantNet.hash()), 0, true, false,
 					pkg.AbsWork,
 					[]string{"HAKUREI_TEST=1"},
 					check.MustAbs("/opt/bin/testtool"),
@@ -138,18 +225,37 @@ func TestExec(t *testing.T) {
 						},
 					}),
 					pkg.MustPath("/opt", false, testtool),
-				), ignorePathname, wantChecksum, nil},
+				), ignorePathname, wantNet, nil},
 			})
 
+			destroyStatus(t, base, 2, 0)
 			testtoolDestroy(t, base, c)
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("bPYvvqxpfV7xcC1EptqyKNK1klLJgYHMDkzBcoOyK6j_Aj5hb0mXNPwTwPSK5F6Z")},
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
 
-		{"overlay root", pkg.CValidateKnown, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
+			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb":       {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{}},
+			"checksum/a1F_i9PVQI4qMcoHgTQkORuyWLkC1GLIxOhDt2JpU1NGAxWc5VJzdlfRK-PYBh3W":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/a1F_i9PVQI4qMcoHgTQkORuyWLkC1GLIxOhDt2JpU1NGAxWc5VJzdlfRK-PYBh3W/check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte("net")},
+
+			"identifier":                 {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/" + expected.Net: {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/a1F_i9PVQI4qMcoHgTQkORuyWLkC1GLIxOhDt2JpU1NGAxWc5VJzdlfRK-PYBh3W")},
+			"identifier/_gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb")},
+			"identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"temp": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
+
+		{"overlay root", pkg.CValidateKnown | checkDestroySubstitutes, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
 			testtool, testtoolDestroy := newTesttool()
 
 			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
 				{"container", pkg.NewExec(
-					"exec-overlay-root", nil, 0, false,
+					"exec-overlay-root", "", nil, 0, false, false,
 					pkg.AbsWork,
 					[]string{"HAKUREI_TEST=1", "HAKUREI_ROOT=1"},
 					check.MustAbs("/opt/bin/testtool"),
@@ -163,18 +269,35 @@ func TestExec(t *testing.T) {
 						},
 					}),
 					pkg.MustPath("/opt", false, testtool),
-				), ignorePathname, wantChecksumOffline, nil},
+				), ignorePathname, wantOffline, nil},
 			})
 
+			destroyStatus(t, base, 2, 0)
 			testtoolDestroy(t, base, c)
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("PO2DSSCa4yoSgEYRcCSZfQfwow1yRigL3Ry-hI0RDI4aGuFBha-EfXeSJnG_5_Rl")},
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
 
-		{"overlay work", pkg.CValidateKnown, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
+			"checksum":                                 {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/" + wantOfflineEncode:            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/" + wantOfflineEncode + "/check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0}},
+			"checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+
+			"identifier":                     {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/" + expected.OvlRoot: {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantOfflineEncode)},
+			"identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"temp": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
+
+		{"overlay work", pkg.CValidateKnown | checkDestroySubstitutes, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
 			testtool, testtoolDestroy := newTesttool()
 
 			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
 				{"container", pkg.NewExec(
-					"exec-overlay-work", nil, 0, false,
+					"exec-overlay-work", "", nil, 0, false, false,
 					pkg.AbsWork,
 					[]string{"HAKUREI_TEST=1", "HAKUREI_ROOT=1"},
 					check.MustAbs("/work/bin/testtool"),
@@ -193,18 +316,35 @@ func TestExec(t *testing.T) {
 							return os.MkdirAll(t.GetWorkDir().String(), 0700)
 						},
 					}), pkg.Path(pkg.AbsWork, false /* ignored */, testtool),
-				), ignorePathname, wantChecksumOffline, nil},
+				), ignorePathname, wantOffline, nil},
 			})
 
+			destroyStatus(t, base, 2, 0)
 			testtoolDestroy(t, base, c)
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("iaRt6l_Wm2n-h5UsDewZxQkCmjZjyL8r7wv32QT2kyV55-Lx09Dq4gfg9BiwPnKs")},
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
 
-		{"multiple layers", pkg.CValidateKnown, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
+			"checksum":                                 {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/" + wantOfflineEncode:            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/" + wantOfflineEncode + "/check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0}},
+			"checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+
+			"identifier":                  {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/" + expected.Work: {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantOfflineEncode)},
+			"identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"temp": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
+
+		{"multiple layers", pkg.CValidateKnown | checkDestroySubstitutes, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
 			testtool, testtoolDestroy := newTesttool()
 
 			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
 				{"container", pkg.NewExec(
-					"exec-multiple-layers", nil, 0, false,
+					"exec-multiple-layers", "", nil, 0, false, false,
 					pkg.AbsWork,
 					[]string{"HAKUREI_TEST=1", "HAKUREI_ROOT=1"},
 					check.MustAbs("/opt/bin/testtool"),
@@ -245,18 +385,40 @@ func TestExec(t *testing.T) {
 						},
 					}),
 					pkg.MustPath("/opt", false, testtool),
-				), ignorePathname, wantChecksumOffline, nil},
+				), ignorePathname, wantOffline, nil},
 			})
 
+			destroyStatus(t, base, 2, 0)
 			testtoolDestroy(t, base, c)
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("O2YzyR7IUGU5J2CADy0hUZ3A5NkP_Vwzs4UadEdn2oMZZVWRtH0xZGJ3HXiimTnZ")},
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
 
-		{"overlay layer promotion", pkg.CValidateKnown, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
+			"checksum":                                 {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/" + wantOfflineEncode:            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/" + wantOfflineEncode + "/check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0}},
+			"checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb":       {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{}},
+			"checksum/nY_CUdiaUM1OL4cPr5TS92FCJ3rCRV7Hm5oVTzAvMXwC03_QnTRfQ5PPs7mOU9fK":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/nY_CUdiaUM1OL4cPr5TS92FCJ3rCRV7Hm5oVTzAvMXwC03_QnTRfQ5PPs7mOU9fK/check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte("layers")},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/_gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/OLBgp1GsljhM2TJ-sbHjaiH9txEUvgdDTAzHv2P24donTt6_529l-9Ua0vFImLlb")},
+			"identifier/B-kc5iJMx8GtlCua4dz6BiJHnDAOUfPjgpbKq4e-QEn0_CZkSYs3fOA1ve06qMs2": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/nY_CUdiaUM1OL4cPr5TS92FCJ3rCRV7Hm5oVTzAvMXwC03_QnTRfQ5PPs7mOU9fK")},
+			"identifier/" + expected.Layers:                                               {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantOfflineEncode)},
+			"identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"temp": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
+
+		{"overlay layer promotion", pkg.CValidateKnown | checkDestroySubstitutes, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
 			testtool, testtoolDestroy := newTesttool()
 
 			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
 				{"container", pkg.NewExec(
-					"exec-layer-promotion", nil, 0, true,
+					"exec-layer-promotion", "", nil, 0, false, true,
 					pkg.AbsWork,
 					[]string{"HAKUREI_TEST=1", "HAKUREI_ROOT=1"},
 					check.MustAbs("/opt/bin/testtool"),
@@ -276,11 +438,96 @@ func TestExec(t *testing.T) {
 						},
 					}),
 					pkg.MustPath("/opt", false, testtool),
-				), ignorePathname, wantChecksumOffline, nil},
+				), ignorePathname, wantOffline, nil},
 			})
 
+			destroyStatus(t, base, 2, 0)
 			testtoolDestroy(t, base, c)
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("3EaW6WibLi9gl03_UieiFPaFcPy5p4x3JPxrnLJxGaTI-bh3HU9DK9IMx7c3rrNm")},
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum":                                 {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/" + wantOfflineEncode:            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/" + wantOfflineEncode + "/check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0}},
+			"checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/kvJIqZo5DKFOxC2ZQ-8_nPaQzEAz9cIm3p6guO-uLqm-xaiPu7oRkSnsu411jd_U": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
+			"identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
+			"identifier/" + expected.Promote:                                              {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantOfflineEncode)},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"temp": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
+
+		{"binfmt", pkg.CValidateKnown | checkDestroySubstitutes, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
+			if info.CanDegrade && os.Getenv("ROSA_SKIP_BINFMT") != "" {
+				t.Skip("binfmt_misc test explicitly skipped")
+			}
+
+			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
+				{"container", pkg.NewExec(
+					"exec-binfmt", "cafe", nil, 0, false, true,
+					pkg.AbsWork,
+					[]string{"HAKUREI_TEST=1", "HAKUREI_BINFMT=1"},
+					check.MustAbs("/opt/bin/sample"),
+					[]string{"sample"},
+
+					pkg.MustPath("/", true, &stubArtifact{
+						kind:   pkg.KindTar,
+						params: []byte("empty directory"),
+						cure: func(t *pkg.TContext) error {
+							return os.MkdirAll(t.GetWorkDir().String(), 0700)
+						},
+					}),
+					pkg.MustPath("/opt", false, overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xfe, 0xff}, &stubArtifact{
+						kind: pkg.KindTar,
+						cure: func(t *pkg.TContext) error {
+							work := t.GetWorkDir()
+							if err := os.MkdirAll(
+								work.Append("bin").String(),
+								0700,
+							); err != nil {
+								return err
+							}
+
+							return os.WriteFile(t.GetWorkDir().Append(
+								"bin",
+								"sample",
+							).String(), []byte(expected.Full), 0500)
+						},
+					}}),
+				), ignorePathname, expectsFS{
+					".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+
+					"check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte("binfmt")},
+				}, nil},
+			})
+
+			destroyStatus(t, base, 2, 0)
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/5aevg3YpDxjqQZ-pdvXK7YqgkL5JKqcoStYQxeD96kuYar6K2mRQWMHib6NQRnpV":            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/5aevg3YpDxjqQZ-pdvXK7YqgkL5JKqcoStYQxeD96kuYar6K2mRQWMHib6NQRnpV/bin":        {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/5aevg3YpDxjqQZ-pdvXK7YqgkL5JKqcoStYQxeD96kuYar6K2mRQWMHib6NQRnpV/bin/sample": {Mode: 0500, Data: []byte("\xca\xfe\xba\xbe\xfd\xfd:3")},
+			"checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU":            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/UnDo4B5KneEUY5b4vRUk_y9MWgkWuw2N8f8a2XayO686xXur-aZmX2-7n_8tKMe3":            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/UnDo4B5KneEUY5b4vRUk_y9MWgkWuw2N8f8a2XayO686xXur-aZmX2-7n_8tKMe3/check":      {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte("binfmt")},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/6VQTJ1lI5BmVuI1YFYJ8ClO3MRORvTTrcWFDcUU-l5Ga8EofxCxGlSTYN-u8dKj_": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/UnDo4B5KneEUY5b4vRUk_y9MWgkWuw2N8f8a2XayO686xXur-aZmX2-7n_8tKMe3")},
+			"identifier/_v8AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/5aevg3YpDxjqQZ-pdvXK7YqgkL5JKqcoStYQxeD96kuYar6K2mRQWMHib6NQRnpV")},
+			"identifier/vjz1MHPcGBKV7sjcs8jQP3cqxJ1hgPTiQBMCEHP9BGXjGxd-tJmEmXKaStObo5gK": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU")},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"temp": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
 	})
 }
 

internal/pkg/file_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package pkg_test
 
 import (
+	"io/fs"
 	"testing"
 
 	"hakurei.app/check"
@@ -10,18 +11,27 @@ import (
 func TestFile(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
+	want := expectsFile{0}
 	checkWithCache(t, []cacheTestCase{
 		{"file", pkg.CValidateKnown, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
 			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
 				{"short", pkg.NewFile("null", []byte{0}), base.Append(
 					"identifier",
 					"3376ALA7hIUm2LbzH2fDvRezgzod1eTK_G6XjyOgbM2u-6swvkFaF0BOwSl_juBi",
-				), pkg.MustDecode(
-					"vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX",
-				), nil},
+				), want, nil},
 			})
-		}, pkg.MustDecode(
-			"iR6H5OIsyOW4EwEgtm9rGzGF6DVtyHLySEtwnFE8bnus9VJcoCbR4JIek7Lw-vwT",
-		)},
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum":                            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/" + pkg.Encode(want.hash()): {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0}},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/3376ALA7hIUm2LbzH2fDvRezgzod1eTK_G6XjyOgbM2u-6swvkFaF0BOwSl_juBi": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX")},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
 	})
 }

internal/pkg/internal/testtool/expected/expected.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Package expected contains data shared between test helper and test harness.
+package expected
+
+const (
+	// Magic are magic bytes in the binfmt test case.
+	Magic = "\xca\xfe\xba\xbe\xfd\xfd"
+	// Full is the full content of the binfmt test case executable.
+	Full = Magic + ":3"
+)

internal/pkg/internal/testtool/expected/sum_amd64.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package expected
+
+const (
+	Offline = "q5ktDTq0miP-VvB2blxqXQeaRXCUWgP_KbC18KNtUDtyoaI_h5mHmGuPMArVEBDs"
+	OvlRoot = "NacZGXwuRkTvcHaG08a22ujJ8qCWN0RSoFlRSR5FSt0ZcBbJ28FRvkYsHEtX7G8i"
+	Layers  = "WBJDrATtX6rIE5yAu8ePX3WmDF0Tt9kFiue0m3cRnyRoVx1my8a67fh3CAW486oP"
+	Net     = "CmYtj2sNB3LHtqiDuck_Lz3MjLLIiwyP8N4NDitQ1Icvv__LVP9p8tm-sHeQaKKp"
+	Promote = "TX3eCloaQFkV-SZIH6Jg6E5WKH--rcXY1P0jnZKmLFKWrNqnOzd4G9eIBh6i5ywN"
+	Work    = "OuNiLSC68pZhAOr1YQ4WbV1tzASA0nxLEBcK7lO7MqxDY_j8dmP_C612RTuF23Lu"
+)

internal/pkg/internal/testtool/expected/sum_arm64.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package expected
+
+const (
+	Offline = "WapqyoPxbWSnq07dWHt71mHaJXq99pAjJfFlELlJljSiZMhTFqqlzU1_mN86shSj"
+	OvlRoot = "V9anFOiRvjGfAeBhLl14AL8TKdWZyD0WTPYe4fS9mOBw8iW5Lmarvt6TG6MV8uWm"
+	Layers  = "tKx7JNRoSBdK_7MdzI-nwTNV2wmiPzwYdcd17oLmXKL_iLmUzUiA79qTqdrTasrv"
+	Net     = "aXyDLzBCJ9XltXZIfetEVsEkrqHfcXuD5XE_FcUnYbN3emwL55N6P8LlHzNfGnM5"
+	Promote = "3k4V16n96Lq04gjFSKmm4sFjyQ883FFBNXgTy9s_DjeTwxT3pg_iacEh8yMb_S4m"
+	Work    = "6Q49MhFWRE3Ne6MycwAotgl1GtoU5WCHqJNWG2byYZCY-zX-IxPrWiKk7bKkNzhE"
+)

internal/pkg/internal/testtool/expected/sum_riscv64.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package expected
+
+const (
+	Offline = "Z6yXE5gOJScL3srmnVMWgCXccDiUNZ5snSrf6RkXuU1_U0rX_kGVwsfHUgNG_awd"
+	OvlRoot = "zYXJHFRLuxvUhuisZEXgGgVvdQd6piMfp5jmtT6jdVjvC2gICXquOq-UTwlrSD5I"
+	Layers  = "_F8EDazHbcLeT0sVSQXRN_kn9IjduqJcDYgzXpsT-hpKU4EBcZ0PISN2zchpqMbm"
+	Net     = "CA_FAaSIYJgapBEHV40doxpH23PdUEy_6s1TZc7wfSPN0XYqwGpMceXXDSabGveO"
+	Promote = "_3LPrLp--4h9k4GsNNApu9hHtAafq-GUhfU6d4hJKBDKT3bz_szOsvkXxc5sK53d"
+	Work    = "FEgHeiCD_WT4wsfB-9kDH5n6cRWCEYtJmXdKZgmUUukAOoXumH_hLlosXREC-tqq"
+)

internal/pkg/internal/testtool/main.go

@@ -16,12 +16,27 @@ import (
 
 	"hakurei.app/fhs"
 	"hakurei.app/vfs"
+
+	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg/internal/testtool/expected"
 )
 
 func main() {
 	log.SetFlags(0)
 	log.SetPrefix("testtool: ")
 
+	if os.Getenv("HAKUREI_BINFMT") == "1" {
+		wantArgs := []string{"/interpreter", "/opt/bin/sample"}
+		if !slices.Equal(os.Args, wantArgs) {
+			log.Fatalf("Args: %q, want %q", os.Args, wantArgs)
+		}
+
+		if err := os.WriteFile("check", []byte("binfmt"), 0400); err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		return
+	}
+
 	environ := slices.DeleteFunc(slices.Clone(os.Environ()), func(s string) bool {
 		return s == "CURE_JOBS="+strconv.Itoa(runtime.NumCPU())
 	})
@@ -147,12 +162,12 @@ func main() {
 	}
 
 	const checksumEmptyDir = "MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU"
-	ident := "dztPS6jRjiZtCF4_p8AzfnxGp6obkhrgFVsxdodbKWUoAEVtDz3MykepJB4kI_ks"
+	ident := expected.Offline
 	log.Println(m)
 	next := func() { m = m.Next; log.Println(m) }
 
 	if overlayRoot {
-		ident = "RdMA-mubnrHuu3Ky1wWyxauSYCO0ZH_zCPUj3uDHqkfwv5sGcByoF_g5PjlGiClb"
+		ident = expected.OvlRoot
 
 		if m.Root != "/" || m.Target != "/" ||
 			m.Source != "overlay" || m.FsType != "overlay" {
@@ -170,7 +185,7 @@ func main() {
 				log.Fatal("unexpected artifact checksum")
 			}
 		} else {
-			ident = "p1t_drXr34i-jZNuxDMLaMOdL6tZvQqhavNafGynGqxOZoXAUTSn7kqNh3Ovv3DT"
+			ident = expected.Layers
 
 			if len(lowerdir) != 2 ||
 				filepath.Base(lowerdir[0]) != "MGWmEfjut2QE2xPJwTsmUzpff4BN_FEnQ7T0j7gvUCCiugJQNwqt9m151fm9D1yU" ||
@@ -180,7 +195,7 @@ func main() {
 		}
 	} else {
 		if hostNet {
-			ident = "G8qPxD9puvvoOVV7lrT80eyDeIl3G_CCFoKw12c8mCjMdG1zF7NEPkwYpNubClK3"
+			ident = expected.Net
 		}
 
 		if m.Root != "/sysroot" || m.Target != "/" {
@@ -199,14 +214,14 @@ func main() {
 	}
 
 	if promote {
-		ident = "xXTIYcXmgJWNLC91c417RRrNM9cjELwEZHpGvf8Fk_GNP5agRJp_SicD0w9aMeLJ"
+		ident = expected.Promote
 	}
 
 	next() // testtool artifact
 
 	next()
 	if overlayWork {
-		ident = "5hlaukCirnXE4W_RSLJFOZN47Z5RiHnacXzdFp_70cLgiJUGR6cSb_HaFftkzi0-"
+		ident = expected.Work
 		if m.Root != "/" || m.Target != "/work" ||
 			m.Source != "overlay" || m.FsType != "overlay" {
 			log.Fatal("unexpected work mount entry")

internal/pkg/ir.go

@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ type IContext struct {
 	// Written to by various methods, should be zeroed after [Artifact.Params]
 	// returns and must not be exposed directly.
 	w io.Writer
+	// Optional [Artifact] to cureRes cache, replaces [IRKindIdent] with
+	// checksum values if non-nil.
+	inputs map[Artifact]cureRes
 }
 
 // irZero is a zero IR word.
@@ -163,7 +166,15 @@ func (i *IContext) WriteIdent(a Artifact) {
 	defer i.ic.putIdentBuf(buf)
 
 	IRKindIdent.encodeHeader(0).put(buf[:])
-	*(*ID)(buf[wordSize:]) = i.ic.Ident(a).Value()
+	if i.inputs != nil {
+		res, ok := i.inputs[a]
+		if !ok {
+			panic(InvalidLookupError(i.ic.Ident(a).Value()))
+		}
+		*(*ID)(buf[wordSize:]) = res.checksum.Value()
+	} else {
+		*(*ID)(buf[wordSize:]) = i.ic.Ident(a).Value()
+	}
 	i.mustWrite(buf[:])
 }
 
@@ -207,19 +218,44 @@ func (i *IContext) WriteString(s string) {
 // Encode writes a deterministic, efficient representation of a to w and returns
 // the first non-nil error encountered while writing to w.
 func (ic *irCache) Encode(w io.Writer, a Artifact) (err error) {
+	return ic.encode(w, a, nil)
+}
+
+// encode implements Encode but replaces identifiers with their cured checksums
+// for a non-nil ident. Caller must acquire Cache.identMu.
+func (ic *irCache) encode(
+	w io.Writer,
+	a Artifact,
+	inputs map[Artifact]cureRes,
+) (err error) {
 	deps := a.Dependencies()
 	idents := make([]*extIdent, len(deps))
-	for i, d := range deps {
-		dbuf, did := ic.unsafeIdent(d, true)
-		if dbuf == nil {
-			dbuf = ic.getIdentBuf()
-			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(dbuf[:], uint64(d.Kind()))
-			*(*ID)(dbuf[wordSize:]) = did.Value()
-		} else {
-			ic.storeIdent(d, dbuf)
+	if inputs == nil {
+		for i, d := range deps {
+			dbuf, did := ic.unsafeIdent(d, true)
+			if dbuf == nil {
+				dbuf = ic.getIdentBuf()
+				binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(dbuf[:], uint64(d.Kind()))
+				*(*ID)(dbuf[wordSize:]) = did.Value()
+			} else {
+				ic.storeIdent(d, dbuf)
+			}
+			defer ic.putIdentBuf(dbuf)
+			idents[i] = dbuf
+		}
+	} else {
+		for i, d := range deps {
+			res, ok := inputs[d]
+			if !ok {
+				return InvalidLookupError(ic.Ident(d).Value())
+			}
+
+			dbuf := ic.getIdentBuf()
+			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(dbuf[:], uint64(d.Kind()))
+			*(*ID)(dbuf[wordSize:]) = res.checksum.Value()
+			defer ic.putIdentBuf(dbuf)
+			idents[i] = dbuf
 		}
-		defer ic.putIdentBuf(dbuf)
-		idents[i] = dbuf
 	}
 	slices.SortFunc(idents, func(a, b *extIdent) int {
 		return bytes.Compare(a[:], b[:])
@@ -244,7 +280,7 @@ func (ic *irCache) Encode(w io.Writer, a Artifact) (err error) {
 	}
 
 	func() {
-		i := IContext{ic, w}
+		i := IContext{ic, w, inputs}
 
 		defer panicToError(&err)
 		defer func() { i.ic, i.w = nil, nil }()

internal/pkg/ir_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package pkg_test
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"io"
+	"io/fs"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ func TestIRRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
 		)},
 
 		{"exec offline", pkg.NewExec(
-			"exec-offline", nil, 0, false,
+			"exec-offline", "", nil, 0, false, false,
 			pkg.AbsWork,
 			[]string{"HAKUREI_TEST=1"},
 			check.MustAbs("/opt/bin/testtool"),
@@ -58,9 +59,9 @@ func TestIRRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
 		)},
 
 		{"exec net", pkg.NewExec(
-			"exec-net",
+			"exec-net", "",
 			(*pkg.Checksum)(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xfc}, len(pkg.Checksum{}))),
-			0, false,
+			0, false, false,
 			pkg.AbsWork,
 			[]string{"HAKUREI_TEST=1"},
 			check.MustAbs("/opt/bin/testtool"),
@@ -79,6 +80,28 @@ func TestIRRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
 			)),
 		)},
 
+		{"exec measured", pkg.NewExec(
+			"exec-measured", "",
+			(*pkg.Checksum)(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xfd}, len(pkg.Checksum{}))),
+			0, false, false,
+			pkg.AbsWork,
+			[]string{"HAKUREI_TEST=1"},
+			check.MustAbs("/opt/bin/testtool"),
+			[]string{"testtool", "measured"},
+
+			pkg.MustPath("/file", false, pkg.NewFile("file", []byte(
+				"stub file",
+			))), pkg.MustPath("/.hakurei", false, pkg.NewHTTPGetTar(
+				nil, "file:///hakurei.tar",
+				pkg.Checksum(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xfd}, len(pkg.Checksum{}))),
+				pkg.TarUncompressed,
+			)), pkg.MustPath("/opt", false, pkg.NewHTTPGetTar(
+				nil, "file:///testtool.tar.gz",
+				pkg.Checksum(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xfd}, len(pkg.Checksum{}))),
+				pkg.TarGzip,
+			)),
+		)},
+
 		{"file anonymous", pkg.NewFile("", []byte{0})},
 		{"file", pkg.NewFile("stub", []byte("stub"))},
 	}
@@ -105,9 +128,13 @@ func TestIRRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
 				if err := <-done; err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("EncodeAll: error = %v", err)
 				}
-			}, pkg.MustDecode(
-				"E4vEZKhCcL2gPZ2Tt59FS3lDng-d_2SKa2i5G_RbDfwGn6EemptFaGLPUDiOa94C",
-			),
+			}, expectsFS{
+				".":          {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+				"checksum":   {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+				"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+				"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+				"work":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			},
 		}
 	}
 	checkWithCache(t, testCasesCache)

internal/pkg/net_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package pkg_test
 import (
 	"crypto/sha512"
 	"io"
+	"io/fs"
 	"net/http"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
@@ -85,7 +86,13 @@ func TestHTTPGet(t *testing.T) {
 			if _, err := f.Cure(r); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErrNotFound) {
 				t.Fatalf("Cure: error = %#v, want %#v", err, wantErrNotFound)
 			}
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("E4vEZKhCcL2gPZ2Tt59FS3lDng-d_2SKa2i5G_RbDfwGn6EemptFaGLPUDiOa94C")},
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".":          {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum":   {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
 
 		{"cure", pkg.CValidateKnown, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
 			r := newRContext(t, c)
@@ -144,6 +151,18 @@ func TestHTTPGet(t *testing.T) {
 			if _, _, err := c.Cure(f); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErrNotFound) {
 				t.Fatalf("Pathname: error = %#v, want %#v", err, wantErrNotFound)
 			}
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("L_0RFHpr9JUS4Zp14rz2dESSRvfLzpvqsLhR1-YjQt8hYlmEdVl7vI3_-v8UNPKs")},
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/fLYGIMHgN1louE-JzITJZJo2SDniPu-IHBXubtvQWFO-hXnDVKNuscV7-zlyr5fU": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte("\x7f\xe1\x69\xa2\xdd\x63\x96\x26\x83\x79\x61\x8b\xf0\x3f\xd5\x16\x9a\x39\x3a\xdb\xcf\xb1\xbc\x8d\x33\xff\x75\xee\x62\x56\xa9\xf0\x27\xac\x13\x94\x69")},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/oM-2pUlk-mOxK1t3aMWZer69UdOQlAXiAgMrpZ1476VoOqpYVP1aGFS9_HYy-D8_": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/fLYGIMHgN1louE-JzITJZJo2SDniPu-IHBXubtvQWFO-hXnDVKNuscV7-zlyr5fU")},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
 	})
 }

internal/pkg/pkg.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ package pkg
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
+	"cmp"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/sha512"
 	"encoding/base64"
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"io/fs"
 	"maps"
 	"os"
+	"os/signal"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"slices"
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 	"unique"
 	"unsafe"
 
@@ -247,7 +250,14 @@ func (t *TContext) destroy(errP *error) {
 			*errP = errors.Join(*errP, err)
 		}
 		if *errP != nil {
-			*errP = errors.Join(*errP, os.Remove(t.statusPath.String()))
+			*errP = errors.Join(*errP, os.Rename(
+				t.statusPath.String(), t.cache.base.Append(
+					dirFault,
+					t.ids+"."+strconv.FormatUint(uint64(
+						time.Now().UnixNano(),
+					), 10),
+				).String(),
+			))
 		}
 		t.status = nil
 	}
@@ -508,33 +518,34 @@ const (
 )
 
 const (
-	// fileLock is the file name appended to Cache.base for guaranteeing
-	// exclusive access to the cache directory.
+	// fileLock is the lock file for exclusive access to the cache directory.
 	fileLock = "lock"
-	// fileVariant is the file name appended to Cache.base holding the variant
-	// identification string set by a prior call to [SetExtension].
+	// fileVariant is a file holding the variant identification string set by a
+	// prior call to [SetExtension].
 	fileVariant = "variant"
 
-	// dirIdentifier is the directory name appended to Cache.base for storing
-	// artifacts named after their [ID].
+	// dirSubstitute holds symlinks to artifacts by checksum, named after their
+	// substitute identifier.
+	dirSubstitute = "substitute"
+	// dirIdentifier holds symlinks to artifacts by checksum,  named after their
+	// IR-based identifier.
 	dirIdentifier = "identifier"
-	// dirChecksum is the directory name appended to Cache.base for storing
-	// artifacts named after their [Checksum].
+	// dirChecksum holds artifacts named after their [Checksum].
 	dirChecksum = "checksum"
-	// dirStatus is the directory name appended to Cache.base for storing
-	// artifact metadata and logs named after their [ID].
+	// dirStatus holds artifact metadata and logs named after their IR-based
+	// identifier. For [FloodArtifact], the same file is also available under
+	// its substitute identifier.
 	dirStatus = "status"
+	// dirFault holds status files of faulted cures.
+	dirFault = "fault"
 
-	// dirWork is the directory name appended to Cache.base for working
-	// pathnames set up during [Cache.Cure].
+	// dirWork holds working pathnames set up during [Cache.Cure].
 	dirWork = "work"
-	// dirTemp is the directory name appended to Cache.base for scratch space
-	// pathnames allocated during [Cache.Cure].
+	// dirTemp holds scratch space allocated during [Cache.Cure].
 	dirTemp = "temp"
 
-	// dirExecScratch is the directory name appended to Cache.base for scratch
-	// space setting up the container started by [Cache.EnterExec]. Exclusivity
-	// via Cache.inExec.
+	// dirExecScratch is scratch space set up for the container started by
+	// [Cache.EnterExec]. Exclusivity via Cache.inExec.
 	dirExecScratch = "scratch"
 
 	// checksumLinknamePrefix is prepended to the encoded [Checksum] value
@@ -617,6 +628,13 @@ const (
 	// CPromoteVariant allows [pkg.Open] to promote an unextended on-disk cache
 	// to the current extension variant. This is a one-way operation.
 	CPromoteVariant
+
+	// CSuppressInit arranges for verbose output of the container init to be
+	// suppressed regardless of [message.Msg] state.
+	CSuppressInit
+
+	// CIgnoreSubstitutes disables content-based dependency substitution.
+	CIgnoreSubstitutes
 )
 
 // toplevel holds [context.WithCancel] over caller-supplied context, where all
@@ -672,6 +690,11 @@ type Cache struct {
 	// Synchronises access to dirChecksum.
 	checksumMu sync.RWMutex
 
+	// Presence of an alternative in the cache. Keys are not valid identifiers
+	// and must not be used as such.
+	substitute map[unique.Handle[ID]]unique.Handle[Checksum]
+	// Synchronises access to substitute and corresponding filesystem entries.
+	substituteMu sync.RWMutex
 	// Identifier to content pair cache.
 	ident map[unique.Handle[ID]]unique.Handle[Checksum]
 	// Identifier to error pair for unrecoverably faulted [Artifact].
@@ -882,11 +905,14 @@ func (c *Cache) Scrub(checks int) error {
 		checks = runtime.NumCPU()
 	}
 
+	c.substituteMu.Lock()
+	defer c.substituteMu.Unlock()
 	c.identMu.Lock()
 	defer c.identMu.Unlock()
 	c.checksumMu.Lock()
 	defer c.checksumMu.Unlock()
 
+	c.substitute = make(map[unique.Handle[ID]]unique.Handle[Checksum])
 	c.ident = make(map[unique.Handle[ID]]unique.Handle[Checksum])
 	c.identErr = make(map[unique.Handle[ID]]error)
 	c.artifact.Clear()
@@ -994,47 +1020,52 @@ func (c *Cache) Scrub(checks int) error {
 		wg.Wait()
 	}
 
-	dir = c.base.Append(dirIdentifier)
-	if entries, readdirErr := os.ReadDir(dir.String()); readdirErr != nil {
-		addErr(dir, readdirErr)
-	} else {
-		wg.Add(len(entries))
-		for _, ent := range entries {
-			w <- checkEntry{ent, func(ent os.DirEntry, want *Checksum) bool {
-				got := p.Get().(*Checksum)
-				defer p.Put(got)
+	for _, suffix := range []string{
+		dirSubstitute,
+		dirIdentifier,
+	} {
+		dir = c.base.Append(suffix)
+		if entries, readdirErr := os.ReadDir(dir.String()); readdirErr != nil {
+			addErr(dir, readdirErr)
+		} else {
+			wg.Add(len(entries))
+			for _, ent := range entries {
+				w <- checkEntry{ent, func(ent os.DirEntry, want *Checksum) bool {
+					got := p.Get().(*Checksum)
+					defer p.Put(got)
 
-				pathname := dir.Append(ent.Name())
-				if linkname, err := os.Readlink(
-					pathname.String(),
-				); err != nil {
-					seMu.Lock()
-					se.Errs[pathname.Handle()] = append(se.Errs[pathname.Handle()], err)
-					se.DanglingIdentifiers = append(se.DanglingIdentifiers, *want)
-					seMu.Unlock()
-					return false
-				} else if err = Decode(got, filepath.Base(linkname)); err != nil {
-					seMu.Lock()
-					lnp := dir.Append(linkname)
-					se.Errs[lnp.Handle()] = append(se.Errs[lnp.Handle()], err)
-					se.DanglingIdentifiers = append(se.DanglingIdentifiers, *want)
-					seMu.Unlock()
-					return false
-				}
-
-				if _, err := os.Stat(pathname.String()); err != nil {
-					if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-						addErr(pathname, err)
+					pathname := dir.Append(ent.Name())
+					if linkname, err := os.Readlink(
+						pathname.String(),
+					); err != nil {
+						seMu.Lock()
+						se.Errs[pathname.Handle()] = append(se.Errs[pathname.Handle()], err)
+						se.DanglingIdentifiers = append(se.DanglingIdentifiers, *want)
+						seMu.Unlock()
+						return false
+					} else if err = Decode(got, filepath.Base(linkname)); err != nil {
+						seMu.Lock()
+						lnp := dir.Append(linkname)
+						se.Errs[lnp.Handle()] = append(se.Errs[lnp.Handle()], err)
+						se.DanglingIdentifiers = append(se.DanglingIdentifiers, *want)
+						seMu.Unlock()
+						return false
 					}
-					seMu.Lock()
-					se.DanglingIdentifiers = append(se.DanglingIdentifiers, *want)
-					seMu.Unlock()
-					return false
-				}
-				return true
-			}}
+
+					if _, err := os.Stat(pathname.String()); err != nil {
+						if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+							addErr(pathname, err)
+						}
+						seMu.Lock()
+						se.DanglingIdentifiers = append(se.DanglingIdentifiers, *want)
+						seMu.Unlock()
+						return false
+					}
+					return true
+				}}
+			}
+			wg.Wait()
 		}
-		wg.Wait()
 	}
 
 	dir = c.base.Append(dirStatus)
@@ -1182,6 +1213,52 @@ func (c *Cache) finaliseIdent(
 	close(done)
 }
 
+// zeroChecksum is a zero [Checksum] handle, used for comparison only.
+var zeroChecksum unique.Handle[Checksum]
+
+// loadSubstitute returns a checksum corresponding to a substitute identifier,
+// or zeroChecksum if an alternative is not available.
+func (c *Cache) loadSubstitute(
+	substitute unique.Handle[ID],
+) (unique.Handle[Checksum], error) {
+	c.substituteMu.RLock()
+	if checksum, ok := c.substitute[substitute]; ok {
+		c.substituteMu.RUnlock()
+		return checksum, nil
+	}
+
+	linkname, err := os.Readlink(c.base.Append(
+		dirSubstitute,
+		Encode(substitute.Value()),
+	).String())
+	c.substituteMu.RUnlock()
+
+	if err != nil {
+		if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			return zeroChecksum, err
+		}
+
+		c.substituteMu.Lock()
+		c.substitute[substitute] = zeroChecksum
+		c.substituteMu.Unlock()
+		return zeroChecksum, nil
+	}
+
+	var checksum unique.Handle[Checksum]
+	buf := c.getIdentBuf()
+	err = Decode((*Checksum)(buf[:]), filepath.Base(linkname))
+	if err == nil {
+		checksum = unique.Make(Checksum(buf[:]))
+
+		c.substituteMu.Lock()
+		c.substitute[substitute] = checksum
+		c.substituteMu.Unlock()
+	}
+	c.putIdentBuf(buf)
+
+	return checksum, err
+}
+
 // Done returns a channel that is closed when the ongoing cure of an [Artifact]
 // referred to by the specified identifier completes. Done may return nil if
 // no ongoing cure of the specified identifier exists.
@@ -1416,8 +1493,8 @@ func (c *Cache) Cure(a Artifact) (
 
 // CureError wraps a non-nil error returned attempting to cure an [Artifact].
 type CureError struct {
-	Ident unique.Handle[ID]
-	Err   error
+	A   Artifact
+	Err error
 }
 
 // Unwrap returns the underlying error.
@@ -1430,40 +1507,63 @@ func (e *CureError) Error() string { return e.Err.Error() }
 type DependencyCureError []*CureError
 
 // unwrapM recursively expands underlying errors into a caller-supplied map.
-func (e *DependencyCureError) unwrapM(me map[unique.Handle[ID]]*CureError) {
+func (e *DependencyCureError) unwrapM(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	ir *IRCache,
+	me map[unique.Handle[ID]]*CureError,
+) {
 	for _, err := range *e {
-		if _, ok := me[err.Ident]; ok {
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			break
+		}
+
+		id := ir.Ident(err.A)
+		if _, ok := me[id]; ok {
 			continue
 		}
 		if _e, ok := err.Err.(*DependencyCureError); ok {
-			_e.unwrapM(me)
+			_e.unwrapM(ctx, ir, me)
 			continue
 		}
-		me[err.Ident] = err
+		me[id] = err
 	}
 }
 
 // unwrap recursively expands and deduplicates underlying errors.
-func (e *DependencyCureError) unwrap() DependencyCureError {
+func (e *DependencyCureError) unwrap(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	ir *IRCache,
+) DependencyCureError {
 	me := make(map[unique.Handle[ID]]*CureError)
-	e.unwrapM(me)
-	errs := slices.AppendSeq(
-		make(DependencyCureError, 0, len(me)),
-		maps.Values(me),
-	)
+	e.unwrapM(ctx, ir, me)
+	type ent struct {
+		id  unique.Handle[ID]
+		err *CureError
+	}
+	errs := make([]*ent, 0, len(me))
+	for id, err := range me {
+		errs = append(errs, &ent{id, err})
+	}
 
 	var identBuf [2]ID
-	slices.SortFunc(errs, func(a, b *CureError) int {
-		identBuf[0], identBuf[1] = a.Ident.Value(), b.Ident.Value()
+	slices.SortFunc(errs, func(a, b *ent) int {
+		identBuf[0], identBuf[1] = a.id.Value(), b.id.Value()
 		return slices.Compare(identBuf[0][:], identBuf[1][:])
 	})
 
-	return errs
+	_errs := make(DependencyCureError, len(errs))
+	for i, v := range errs {
+		_errs[i] = v.err
+	}
+	return _errs
 }
 
 // Unwrap returns a deduplicated slice of underlying errors.
 func (e *DependencyCureError) Unwrap() []error {
-	errs := e.unwrap()
+	ctx, cancel := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), os.Interrupt)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	errs := e.unwrap(ctx, NewIR())
 	_errs := make([]error, len(errs))
 	for i, err := range errs {
 		_errs[i] = err
@@ -1473,14 +1573,23 @@ func (e *DependencyCureError) Unwrap() []error {
 
 // Error returns a user-facing multiline error message.
 func (e *DependencyCureError) Error() string {
-	errs := e.unwrap()
+	ctx, cancel := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), os.Interrupt)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	ir := NewIR()
+	errs := e.unwrap(ctx, ir)
 	if len(errs) == 0 {
 		return "invalid dependency cure outcome"
 	}
 	var buf strings.Builder
 	buf.WriteString("errors curing dependencies:")
 	for _, err := range errs {
-		buf.WriteString("\n\t" + Encode(err.Ident.Value()) + ": " + err.Error())
+		buf.WriteString("\n\t" +
+			reportName(err.A, ir.Ident(err.A)) + ": " +
+			err.Error())
+	}
+	if ctx.Err() != nil {
+		buf.WriteString("\nerror resolution cancelled")
 	}
 	return buf.String()
 }
@@ -1650,16 +1759,44 @@ func (c *Cache) cure(a Artifact, curesExempt bool) (
 		return
 	}
 
-	var checksums string
+	var (
+		checksums   string
+		substitute  unique.Handle[ID]
+		alternative *check.Absolute
+	)
 	defer func() {
 		if err == nil && checksums != "" {
+			linkname := checksumLinknamePrefix + checksums
+
 			err = os.Symlink(
-				checksumLinknamePrefix+checksums,
+				linkname,
 				pathname.String(),
 			)
 			if err == nil {
 				err = zeroTimes(pathname.String())
 			}
+
+			if err == nil && alternative != nil {
+				c.substituteMu.Lock()
+				err = os.Symlink(
+					linkname,
+					alternative.String(),
+				)
+				if errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist) {
+					c.msg.Verbosef(
+						"creating alternative over %s for artifact %s",
+						Encode(substitute.Value()), ids,
+					)
+					err = nil
+				}
+				if err == nil {
+					err = zeroTimes(alternative.String())
+				}
+				if err == nil && checksum != zeroChecksum {
+					c.substitute[substitute] = checksum
+				}
+				c.substituteMu.Unlock()
+			}
 		}
 	}()
 
@@ -1856,11 +1993,64 @@ func (c *Cache) cure(a Artifact, curesExempt bool) (
 			f.deps[deps[i]] = p
 		}
 
+		sh := sha512.New384()
+		err = c.encode(sh, a, f.deps)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		buf := c.getIdentBuf()
+		sh.Sum(buf[wordSize:wordSize])
+		substitute = unique.Make(ID(buf[wordSize:]))
+		substitutes := Encode(substitute.Value())
+		c.putIdentBuf(buf)
+		alternative = c.base.Append(
+			dirSubstitute,
+			substitutes,
+		)
+
+		if c.flags&CIgnoreSubstitutes == 0 {
+			var substituteChecksum unique.Handle[Checksum]
+			substituteChecksum, err = c.loadSubstitute(substitute)
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			if substituteChecksum != zeroChecksum {
+				checksum = substituteChecksum
+				checksums = Encode(checksum.Value())
+				checksumPathname = c.base.Append(
+					dirChecksum,
+					checksums,
+				)
+				if _, err = os.Lstat(c.base.Append(
+					dirStatus,
+					substitutes,
+				).String()); err == nil {
+					err = os.Symlink(substitutes, c.base.Append(
+						dirStatus,
+						ids,
+					).String())
+				} else if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+					err = nil
+				}
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
 		defer f.destroy(&err)
 		if err = c.enterCure(a, curesExempt); err != nil {
 			return
 		}
 		err = ca.Cure(&f)
+		if err == nil && f.status != nil {
+			err = os.Link(c.base.Append(
+				dirStatus,
+				ids,
+			).String(), c.base.Append(
+				dirStatus,
+				substitutes,
+			).String())
+		}
 		c.exitCure(a, curesExempt)
 		if err != nil {
 			return
@@ -1953,7 +2143,7 @@ func (pending *pendingArtifactDep) cure(c *Cache) {
 	}
 
 	pending.errsMu.Lock()
-	*pending.errs = append(*pending.errs, &CureError{c.Ident(pending.a), err})
+	*pending.errs = append(*pending.errs, &CureError{pending.a, err})
 	pending.errsMu.Unlock()
 }
 
@@ -1969,6 +2159,52 @@ func (c *Cache) OpenStatus(a Artifact) (r io.ReadSeekCloser, err error) {
 	return
 }
 
+// Fault holds the pathname and termination time of an [Artifact] fault entry.
+type Fault struct {
+	*check.Absolute
+	t uint64
+}
+
+// Time returns the instant in time where the fault occurred.
+func (f Fault) Time() time.Time { return time.Unix(0, int64(f.t)) }
+
+// Open opens the underlying entry for reading.
+func (f Fault) Open() (io.ReadCloser, error) { return os.Open(f.Absolute.String()) }
+
+// Destroy removes the underlying fault entry.
+func (f Fault) Destroy() error { return os.Remove(f.Absolute.String()) }
+
+// ReadFaults returns fault entries for an [Artifact].
+func (c *Cache) ReadFaults(a Artifact) (faults []Fault, err error) {
+	prefix := Encode(c.Ident(a).Value()) + "."
+	var dents []os.DirEntry
+	if dents, err = os.ReadDir(c.base.Append(dirFault).String()); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, dent := range dents {
+		name := dent.Name()
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(name, prefix) {
+			continue
+		}
+		var t uint64
+		t, err = strconv.ParseUint(name[len(prefix):], 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		faults = append(faults, Fault{c.base.Append(
+			dirFault,
+			name,
+		), t})
+	}
+
+	slices.SortFunc(faults, func(a, b Fault) int {
+		return cmp.Compare(a.t, b.t)
+	})
+	return
+}
+
 // Abort cancels all pending cures and waits for them to clean up, but does not
 // close the cache.
 func (c *Cache) Abort() {
@@ -2068,9 +2304,11 @@ func open(
 	}
 
 	for _, name := range []string{
+		dirSubstitute,
 		dirIdentifier,
 		dirChecksum,
 		dirStatus,
+		dirFault,
 		dirWork,
 	} {
 		if err := os.MkdirAll(
@@ -2093,6 +2331,7 @@ func open(
 
 		irCache: zeroIRCache(),
 
+		substitute:   make(map[unique.Handle[ID]]unique.Handle[Checksum]),
 		ident:        make(map[unique.Handle[ID]]unique.Handle[Checksum]),
 		identErr:     make(map[unique.Handle[ID]]error),
 		identPending: make(map[unique.Handle[ID]]*pendingCure),

internal/pkg/pkg_test.go

@@ -16,9 +16,12 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
+	"testing/fstest"
+	"time"
 	"unique"
 	"unsafe"
 
@@ -242,6 +245,41 @@ func newDestroyArtifactFunc(a pkg.Artifact) func(
 	}
 }
 
+// destroyStatus counts non-substitution status entries and destroys them.
+func destroyStatus(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c, s int) {
+	dents, err := os.ReadDir(base.Append("status").String())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	var gotC, gotS int
+	for _, dent := range dents {
+		if err = os.Remove(base.Append(
+			"status",
+			dent.Name(),
+		).String()); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if dent.Type().IsRegular() {
+			gotC++
+			continue
+		}
+		if dent.Type()&fs.ModeSymlink == fs.ModeSymlink {
+			gotS++
+			continue
+		}
+		t.Errorf("%s: %s", dent.Name(), dent.Type())
+	}
+
+	if gotC != c {
+		t.Errorf("status: c = %d, want %d", gotC, c)
+	}
+	if gotS != s {
+		t.Errorf("status: s = %d, want %d", gotS, s)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestIdent(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -286,6 +324,99 @@ func TestIdent(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// An expectsKnown describes an expected file or directory.
+type expectsKnown interface {
+	// hash returns the checksum of the represented data.
+	hash() (checksum pkg.Checksum)
+}
+
+// An expectsChecksum is a prepared checksum value.
+type expectsChecksum pkg.Checksum
+
+// hash returns e.
+func (e expectsChecksum) hash() pkg.Checksum { return e }
+
+// An expectsFile is the contents of a file expected by the test suite.
+type expectsFile []byte
+
+// hash computes the checksum of e.
+func (e expectsFile) hash() (checksum pkg.Checksum) {
+	h := sha512.New384()
+	h.Write(e)
+	h.Sum(checksum[:0])
+	return
+}
+
+// An expectsFS describes the state of a filesystem expected by the test suite.
+type expectsFS fstest.MapFS
+
+// hash computes the checksum of e.
+func (e expectsFS) hash() (checksum pkg.Checksum) {
+	if err := pkg.HashFS(&checksum, fstest.MapFS(e), "."); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// expectsFrom generates expectsFS for a filesystem directory.
+func expectsFrom(pathname string) string {
+	var buf strings.Builder
+	buf.WriteString("expectsFS{\n")
+	if err := filepath.WalkDir(pathname, func(path string, d fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		var rel string
+		if rel, err = filepath.Rel(pathname, path); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		buf.WriteString("\t" + strconv.Quote(rel) + ": {Mode: ")
+
+		var fi fs.FileInfo
+		if fi, err = d.Info(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		mode := fi.Mode()
+
+		switch {
+		case mode.IsDir():
+			buf.WriteString("fs.ModeDir | 0" +
+				strconv.FormatInt(int64(mode&^fs.ModeDir), 8))
+
+		case mode&fs.ModeSymlink != 0:
+			buf.WriteString("fs.ModeSymlink | 0" +
+				strconv.FormatInt(int64(mode&^fs.ModeSymlink), 8) +
+				", Data: []byte(")
+			var linkname string
+			if linkname, err = os.Readlink(path); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			buf.WriteString(strconv.Quote(linkname))
+			buf.WriteByte(')')
+
+		case mode.IsRegular():
+			buf.WriteString("0" + strconv.FormatInt(int64(mode), 8))
+			var p []byte
+			if p, err = os.ReadFile(path); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			if len(p) > 0 {
+				buf.WriteString(", Data: []byte(")
+				buf.WriteString(strconv.Quote(unsafe.String(unsafe.SliceData(p), len(p))))
+				buf.WriteByte(')')
+			}
+		}
+		buf.WriteString("},\n")
+		return nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	buf.WriteString("}")
+	return buf.String()
+}
+
 // cacheTestCase is a test case passed to checkWithCache where a new instance
 // of [pkg.Cache] is prepared for the test case, and is validated and removed
 // on test completion.
@@ -294,9 +425,15 @@ type cacheTestCase struct {
 	flags int
 	early func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute)
 	f     func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache)
-	want  pkg.Checksum
+	want  expectsFS
 }
 
+const (
+	// checkDestroySubstitutes arranges for substitutes to be destroyed before
+	// measurement during checkWithCache.
+	checkDestroySubstitutes = 1 << (iota + 32)
+)
+
 // checkWithCache runs a slice of cacheTestCase.
 func checkWithCache(t *testing.T, testCases []cacheTestCase) {
 	t.Helper()
@@ -328,7 +465,7 @@ func checkWithCache(t *testing.T, testCases []cacheTestCase) {
 			msg := message.New(log.New(os.Stderr, "cache: ", 0))
 			msg.SwapVerbose(testing.Verbose())
 
-			flags := tc.flags
+			flags := tc.flags | pkg.CSuppressInit
 
 			if info.CanDegrade {
 				if _, err := landlock.GetABI(); err != nil {
@@ -377,19 +514,34 @@ func checkWithCache(t *testing.T, testCases []cacheTestCase) {
 				}
 			}
 
-			// destroy non-deterministic status files
-			if err := os.RemoveAll(base.Append("status").String()); err != nil {
+			// destroy non-deterministic substitutes
+			if tc.flags&checkDestroySubstitutes != 0 {
+				substitute := base.Append("substitute")
+				if err := os.RemoveAll(substitute.String()); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				} else if err = os.Mkdir(substitute.String(), 0700); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			// destroy empty status directory
+			if err := syscall.Rmdir(base.Append("status").String()); err != nil {
+				t.Error(expectsFrom(base.Append("status").String()))
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
 
+			// destroy empty fault directory
+			if err := os.Remove(base.Append("fault").String()); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			want := tc.want.hash()
+
 			var checksum pkg.Checksum
 			if err := pkg.HashDir(&checksum, base); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("HashDir: error = %v", err)
-			} else if checksum != tc.want {
-				t.Fatalf("HashDir: %v", &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
-					Got:  checksum,
-					Want: tc.want,
-				})
+			} else if checksum != want {
+				t.Fatal(expectsFrom(base.String()))
 			}
 
 			if err := scrubFunc(); err != nil {
@@ -408,10 +560,10 @@ func checkWithCache(t *testing.T, testCases []cacheTestCase) {
 			// validate again to make sure scrub did not condemn anything
 			if err := pkg.HashDir(&checksum, base); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("HashDir: error = %v", err)
-			} else if checksum != tc.want {
+			} else if checksum != want {
 				t.Fatalf("(scrubbed) HashDir: %v", &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
 					Got:  checksum,
-					Want: tc.want,
+					Want: want,
 				})
 			}
 		})
@@ -425,7 +577,7 @@ type cureStep struct {
 	a pkg.Artifact
 
 	pathname *check.Absolute
-	checksum pkg.Checksum
+	output   expectsKnown
 	err      error
 }
 
@@ -446,17 +598,34 @@ func cureMany(t *testing.T, c *pkg.Cache, steps []cureStep) {
 	for _, step := range steps {
 		t.Log("cure step:", step.name)
 		if pathname, checksum, err := c.Cure(step.a); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, step.err) {
+			faults, _err := c.ReadFaults(step.a)
+			if _err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("ReadFaults: error = %v", _err)
+			}
+
+			var p []byte
+			for _, fault := range faults {
+				p, _err = os.ReadFile(fault.String())
+				if _err != nil {
+					t.Error(_err)
+					continue
+				}
+				t.Log(string(p))
+				t.Logf("faulting cure terminated %s ago", time.Since(faults[0].Time()))
+			}
 			t.Fatalf("Cure: error = %v, want %v", err, step.err)
 		} else if step.pathname != ignorePathname && !pathname.Is(step.pathname) {
 			t.Fatalf("Cure: pathname = %q, want %q", pathname, step.pathname)
-		} else if checksum != makeChecksumH(step.checksum) {
-			if checksum == (unique.Handle[pkg.Checksum]{}) {
-				checksum = unique.Make(pkg.Checksum{})
+		} else if step.output == nil || checksum != makeChecksumH(step.output.hash()) {
+			if pathname != nil {
+				if name, _err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(pathname.String()); _err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(_err)
+				} else {
+					t.Fatal(expectsFrom(name))
+				}
+			} else if checksum != (unique.Handle[pkg.Checksum]{}) {
+				t.Fatalf("Cure: unexpected checksum %s", pkg.Encode(checksum.Value()))
 			}
-			t.Fatalf(
-				"Cure: checksum = %s, want %s",
-				pkg.Encode(checksum.Value()), pkg.Encode(step.checksum),
-			)
 		} else {
 			v := any(err)
 			if err == nil {
@@ -517,18 +686,12 @@ func newWantScrubError(base *check.Absolute) *pkg.ScrubError {
 func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	const testdata = "" +
+	testdata := expectsFile("" +
 		"\x00\x00\x00\x00" +
 		"\xad\x0b\x00" +
 		"\x04" +
 		"\xfe\xfe\x00\x00" +
-		"\xfe\xca\x00\x00"
-
-	testdataChecksum := func() pkg.Checksum {
-		h := sha512.New384()
-		h.Write([]byte(testdata))
-		return (pkg.Checksum)(h.Sum(nil))
-	}()
+		"\xfe\xca\x00\x00")
 
 	testCases := []cacheTestCase{
 		{"file", pkg.CValidateKnown | pkg.CAssumeChecksum, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
@@ -546,36 +709,45 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 				"identifier",
 				"cafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabe",
 			)
+			failingFile := newStubFile(
+				pkg.KindHTTPGet,
+				pkg.ID{0xff, 3},
+				nil,
+				nil, struct {
+					_ []byte
+					stub.UniqueError
+				}{UniqueError: 0xbad},
+			)
 
 			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
 				{"initial file", newStubFile(
 					pkg.KindHTTPGet,
 					identifier,
-					&testdataChecksum,
-					[]byte(testdata), nil,
-				), wantPathname, testdataChecksum, nil},
+					new(testdata.hash()),
+					testdata, nil,
+				), wantPathname, testdata, nil},
 
 				{"identical content", newStubFile(
 					pkg.KindHTTPGet,
 					identifier0,
-					&testdataChecksum,
-					[]byte(testdata), nil,
-				), wantPathname0, testdataChecksum, nil},
+					new(testdata.hash()),
+					testdata, nil,
+				), wantPathname0, testdata, nil},
 
 				{"existing entry", newStubFile(
 					pkg.KindHTTPGet,
 					identifier,
-					&testdataChecksum,
-					[]byte(testdata), nil,
-				), wantPathname, testdataChecksum, nil},
+					new(testdata.hash()),
+					testdata, nil,
+				), wantPathname, testdata, nil},
 
 				{"checksum mismatch", newStubFile(
 					pkg.KindHTTPGet,
 					pkg.ID{0xff, 0},
 					new(pkg.Checksum),
-					[]byte(testdata), nil,
-				), nil, pkg.Checksum{}, &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
-					Got: testdataChecksum,
+					testdata, nil,
+				), nil, nil, &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
+					Got: testdata.hash(),
 				}},
 
 				{"store without validation", newStubFile(
@@ -586,7 +758,7 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 				), base.Append(
 					"identifier",
 					"vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX",
-				), pkg.Checksum{
+				), expectsChecksum{
 					0xbe, 0xc0, 0x21, 0xb4, 0xf3, 0x68,
 					0xe3, 0x06, 0x91, 0x34, 0xe0, 0x12,
 					0xc2, 0xb4, 0x30, 0x70, 0x83, 0xd3,
@@ -600,7 +772,7 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 				{"incomplete implementation", struct{ pkg.Artifact }{&stubArtifact{
 					kind:   pkg.KindExec,
 					params: []byte("artifact overridden to be incomplete"),
-				}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, pkg.InvalidArtifactError(pkg.MustDecode(
+				}}, nil, nil, pkg.InvalidArtifactError(pkg.MustDecode(
 					"E__uZ1sLIvb84vzSm5Uezb03RogsiaeTt1nfIVv8TKnnf4LqwtSi-smdHhlkZrUJ",
 				))},
 
@@ -609,40 +781,32 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 					pkg.ID{0xff, 1},
 					nil,
 					nil, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe),
-				), nil, pkg.Checksum{}, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)},
+				), nil, nil, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)},
 
 				{"error caching", newStubFile(
 					pkg.KindHTTPGet,
 					pkg.ID{0xff, 1},
 					nil,
 					nil, nil,
-				), nil, pkg.Checksum{}, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)},
+				), nil, nil, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)},
 
-				{"cache hit bad type", overrideChecksum{testdataChecksum, overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 2}, &stubArtifact{
+				{"cache hit bad type", overrideChecksum{testdata.hash(), overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 2}, &stubArtifact{
 					kind: pkg.KindTar,
-				}}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, pkg.InvalidFileModeError(
+				}}}, nil, nil, pkg.InvalidFileModeError(
 					0400,
 				)},
 
 				{"noncomparable error", &stubArtifactF{
 					kind:   pkg.KindExec,
 					params: []byte("artifact with dependency returning noncomparable error"),
-					deps: []pkg.Artifact{newStubFile(
-						pkg.KindHTTPGet,
-						pkg.ID{0xff, 3},
-						nil,
-						nil, struct {
-							_ []byte
-							stub.UniqueError
-						}{UniqueError: 0xbad},
-					)},
+					deps:   []pkg.Artifact{failingFile},
 
 					cure: func(f *pkg.FContext) error {
 						panic("attempting to cure impossible artifact")
 					},
-				}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, &pkg.DependencyCureError{
+				}, nil, nil, &pkg.DependencyCureError{
 					{
-						Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 3}),
+						A: failingFile,
 						Err: struct {
 							_ []byte
 							stub.UniqueError
@@ -662,18 +826,18 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 				cureMany(t, c0, []cureStep{
 					{"cache hit ident", overrideIdent{
 						id: identifier,
-					}, wantPathname, testdataChecksum, nil},
+					}, wantPathname, testdata, nil},
 
 					{"cache miss checksum match", newStubFile(
 						pkg.KindHTTPGet,
-						testdataChecksum,
+						testdata.hash(),
 						nil,
-						[]byte(testdata),
+						testdata,
 						nil,
 					), base.Append(
 						"identifier",
-						pkg.Encode(testdataChecksum),
-					), testdataChecksum, nil},
+						pkg.Encode(testdata.hash()),
+					), testdata, nil},
 				})
 
 				// cure after close
@@ -686,7 +850,23 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 					t.Fatalf("(closed) Cure: error = %v", err)
 				}
 			}
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("St9rlE-mGZ5gXwiv_hzQ_B8bZP-UUvSNmf4nHUZzCMOumb6hKnheZSe0dmnuc4Q2")},
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0}},
+			"checksum/0bSFPu5Tnd-2Jj0Mv6co23PW2t3BmHc7eLFj9TgY3eIBg8zislo7xZYNBqovVLcq": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0xad, 0xb, 0, 4, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0, 0, 0xfe, 0xca, 0, 0}},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/vsAhtPNo4waRNOASwrQwcIPTqb3SBuJOXw2G4T1mNmVZM-wrQTRllmgXqcIIoRcX")},
+			"identifier/0bSFPu5Tnd-2Jj0Mv6co23PW2t3BmHc7eLFj9TgY3eIBg8zislo7xZYNBqovVLcq": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/0bSFPu5Tnd-2Jj0Mv6co23PW2t3BmHc7eLFj9TgY3eIBg8zislo7xZYNBqovVLcq")},
+			"identifier/cafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabecafebabe": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/0bSFPu5Tnd-2Jj0Mv6co23PW2t3BmHc7eLFj9TgY3eIBg8zislo7xZYNBqovVLcq")},
+			"identifier/deadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeefdeadbeef": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/0bSFPu5Tnd-2Jj0Mv6co23PW2t3BmHc7eLFj9TgY3eIBg8zislo7xZYNBqovVLcq")},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
 
 		{"directory", pkg.CAssumeChecksum, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
 			id := pkg.MustDecode(
@@ -721,9 +901,16 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 					).String(),
 				)
 			}
-			wantChecksum := pkg.MustDecode(
-				"qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b",
-			)
+			want := expectsFS{
+				".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+
+				"check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0, 0}},
+
+				"lib":            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+				"lib/libedac.so": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
+
+				"lib/pkgconfig": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			}
 			wantPathname := base.Append(
 				"identifier",
 				pkg.Encode(id),
@@ -777,33 +964,33 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
-				{"initial directory", overrideChecksum{wantChecksum, overrideIdent{id, &stubArtifact{
+				{"initial directory", overrideChecksum{want.hash(), overrideIdent{id, &stubArtifact{
 					kind: pkg.KindTar,
 					cure: makeSample,
-				}}}, wantPathname, wantChecksum, nil},
+				}}}, wantPathname, want, nil},
 
-				{"identical identifier", overrideChecksum{wantChecksum, overrideIdent{id, &stubArtifact{
+				{"identical identifier", overrideChecksum{want.hash(), overrideIdent{id, &stubArtifact{
 					kind: pkg.KindTar,
-				}}}, wantPathname, wantChecksum, nil},
+				}}}, wantPathname, want, nil},
 
 				{"identical checksum", overrideIdent{id0, &stubArtifact{
 					kind: pkg.KindTar,
 					cure: makeSample,
-				}}, wantPathname0, wantChecksum, nil},
+				}}, wantPathname0, want, nil},
 
 				{"cure fault", overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 0}, &stubArtifact{
 					kind: pkg.KindTar,
 					cure: func(t *pkg.TContext) error {
 						return makeGarbage(t.GetWorkDir(), stub.UniqueError(0xcafe))
 					},
-				}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)},
+				}}, nil, nil, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)},
 
 				{"checksum mismatch", overrideChecksum{pkg.Checksum{}, overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 1}, &stubArtifact{
 					kind: pkg.KindTar,
 					cure: func(t *pkg.TContext) error {
 						return makeGarbage(t.GetWorkDir(), nil)
 					},
-				}}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
+				}}}, nil, nil, &pkg.ChecksumMismatchError{
 					Got: pkg.MustDecode(
 						"CUx-3hSbTWPsbMfDhgalG4Ni_GmR9TnVX8F99tY_P5GtkYvczg9RrF5zO0jX9XYT",
 					),
@@ -812,27 +999,27 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 				{"cache hit bad type", newStubFile(
 					pkg.KindHTTPGet,
 					pkg.ID{0xff, 2},
-					&wantChecksum,
-					[]byte(testdata), nil,
-				), nil, pkg.Checksum{}, pkg.InvalidFileModeError(
+					new(want.hash()),
+					testdata, nil,
+				), nil, nil, pkg.InvalidFileModeError(
 					fs.ModeDir | 0500,
 				)},
 
 				{"openFile directory", overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 3}, &stubArtifact{
 					kind: pkg.KindTar,
 					cure: func(t *pkg.TContext) error {
-						r, err := t.Open(overrideChecksumFile{checksum: wantChecksum})
+						r, err := t.Open(overrideChecksumFile{checksum: want.hash()})
 						if err != nil {
 							panic(err)
 						}
 						_, err = io.ReadAll(r)
 						return err
 					},
-				}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, &os.PathError{
+				}}, nil, nil, &os.PathError{
 					Op: "read",
 					Path: base.Append(
 						"checksum",
-						pkg.Encode(wantChecksum),
+						pkg.Encode(want.hash()),
 					).String(),
 					Err: syscall.EISDIR,
 				}},
@@ -842,14 +1029,14 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 					cure: func(t *pkg.TContext) error {
 						return nil
 					},
-				}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, pkg.NoOutputError{}},
+				}}, nil, nil, pkg.NoOutputError{}},
 
 				{"file output", overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 5}, &stubArtifact{
 					kind: pkg.KindTar,
 					cure: func(t *pkg.TContext) error {
 						return os.WriteFile(t.GetWorkDir().String(), []byte{0}, 0400)
 					},
-				}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, errors.New("non-file artifact produced regular file")},
+				}}, nil, nil, errors.New("non-file artifact produced regular file")},
 
 				{"symlink output", overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 6}, &stubArtifact{
 					kind: pkg.KindTar,
@@ -859,11 +1046,111 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 							t.GetWorkDir().String(),
 						)
 					},
-				}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, pkg.InvalidFileModeError(
+				}}, nil, nil, pkg.InvalidFileModeError(
 					fs.ModeSymlink | 0777,
 				)},
+
+				{"alternative", &stubArtifactF{
+					kind:   pkg.KindExec,
+					params: []byte("substitutable artifact"),
+					deps: []pkg.Artifact{newStubFile(
+						pkg.KindHTTPGet,
+						pkg.ID{0xff, 8},
+						nil,
+						[]byte("substitutable dependency"),
+						nil,
+					)},
+
+					cure: func(f *pkg.FContext) error {
+						return makeSample(&f.TContext)
+					},
+				}, base.Append(
+					"identifier",
+					"xMDWovje7OfyIaDy_2VnjpKxRqSOQ_LoeD946t-3WsS2V2SeMJ7nDGrNfpa4Pbc-",
+				), want, nil},
+
+				{"substitutable", &stubArtifactF{
+					kind:   pkg.KindExec,
+					params: []byte("substitutable artifact"),
+					deps: []pkg.Artifact{newStubFile(
+						pkg.KindHTTPGet,
+						pkg.ID{0xff, 10},
+						nil,
+						[]byte("substitutable dependency"),
+						nil,
+					)},
+
+					cure: func(f *pkg.FContext) error {
+						panic("substitution missed")
+					},
+				}, base.Append(
+					"identifier",
+					"k2ilgG5KQ9NXnMoT2oB6NdwOnSPRn_H24oXQc4l6qOYIxIG9XfuEczeyrR8UEv_f",
+				), want, nil},
 			})
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("WVpvsVqVKg9Nsh744x57h51AuWUoUR2nnh8Md-EYBQpk6ziyTuUn6PLtF2e0Eu_d")},
+
+			if c0, err := unsafeOpen(
+				t.Context(),
+				message.New(nil),
+				0, 0, 0, base, false,
+			); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("open: error = %v", err)
+			} else {
+				t.Cleanup(c.Close)
+				cureMany(t, c0, []cureStep{
+					{"substitutable", &stubArtifactF{
+						kind:   pkg.KindExec,
+						params: []byte("substitutable artifact"),
+						deps: []pkg.Artifact{newStubFile(
+							pkg.KindHTTPGet,
+							pkg.ID{0xff, 0xff, 0xfd, 0xfd},
+							nil,
+							[]byte("substitutable dependency"),
+							nil,
+						)},
+
+						cure: func(f *pkg.FContext) error {
+							panic("substitution missed")
+						},
+					}, base.Append(
+						"identifier",
+						"_EmV5nsYZ2UWHgRmLDMU8i-rJWDx-kv5_1pFrzQI7vMMCM5mAXivO8UZtVfOqMR_",
+					), want, nil},
+				})
+			}
+
+			if dents, err := os.ReadDir(base.Append("status").String()); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			} else if len(dents) > 0 {
+				t.Errorf("ReadDir: %v", dents)
+			}
+
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/7lfQ4QwSpV8nw7IDh0JiQ_jqUPrPv3_Vfie034RxsSy-cy4vO8DVvxgpx2LW08oO":                {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte("substitutable dependency")},
+			"checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b":                {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b/check":          {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0, 0}},
+			"checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b/lib":            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b/lib/pkgconfig":  {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b/lib/libedac.so": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/HnySzeLQvSBZuTUcvfmLEX_OmH4yJWWH788NxuLuv7kVn8_uPM6Ks4rqFWM2NZJY": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b")},
+			"identifier/Zx5ZG9BAwegNT3zQwCySuI2ktCXxNgxirkGLFjW4FW06PtojYVaCdtEw8yuntPLa": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b")},
+			"identifier/_EmV5nsYZ2UWHgRmLDMU8i-rJWDx-kv5_1pFrzQI7vMMCM5mAXivO8UZtVfOqMR_": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b")},
+			"identifier/___9_QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/7lfQ4QwSpV8nw7IDh0JiQ_jqUPrPv3_Vfie034RxsSy-cy4vO8DVvxgpx2LW08oO")},
+			"identifier/_wgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/7lfQ4QwSpV8nw7IDh0JiQ_jqUPrPv3_Vfie034RxsSy-cy4vO8DVvxgpx2LW08oO")},
+			"identifier/_woAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/7lfQ4QwSpV8nw7IDh0JiQ_jqUPrPv3_Vfie034RxsSy-cy4vO8DVvxgpx2LW08oO")},
+			"identifier/k2ilgG5KQ9NXnMoT2oB6NdwOnSPRn_H24oXQc4l6qOYIxIG9XfuEczeyrR8UEv_f": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b")},
+			"identifier/xMDWovje7OfyIaDy_2VnjpKxRqSOQ_LoeD946t-3WsS2V2SeMJ7nDGrNfpa4Pbc-": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b")},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"substitute/OyBGorh72Z9kVw35JUa8FbqDbpR4DqT-MX1jic0uKN5PdYmUBiAF38BRsIRnBigf": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/qRN6in76LndiiOZJheHkwyW8UT1N5-f-bXvHfDvwrMw2fSkOoZdh8pWE1qhLk65b")},
+
+			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
 
 		{"pending", pkg.CValidateKnown, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
 			wantErr := stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)
@@ -899,7 +1186,7 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 					pkg.ID{0xff, 1},
 					nil,
 					nil, stub.UniqueError(0xbad),
-				), nil, pkg.Checksum{}, stub.UniqueError(0xbad)},
+				), nil, nil, stub.UniqueError(0xbad)},
 
 				{"file output", overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 2}, &stubArtifact{
 					kind: pkg.KindTar,
@@ -910,7 +1197,7 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 							0400,
 						)
 					},
-				}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, errors.New(
+				}}, nil, nil, errors.New(
 					"non-file artifact produced regular file",
 				)},
 			})
@@ -932,7 +1219,13 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 			for c.Done(unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff})) != nil {
 			}
 			<-wCureDone
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("E4vEZKhCcL2gPZ2Tt59FS3lDng-d_2SKa2i5G_RbDfwGn6EemptFaGLPUDiOa94C")},
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".":          {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum":   {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
 
 		{"cancel abort block", pkg.CValidateKnown, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
 			var wg sync.WaitGroup
@@ -985,7 +1278,13 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 
 			c.Close()
 			c.Abort()
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("E4vEZKhCcL2gPZ2Tt59FS3lDng-d_2SKa2i5G_RbDfwGn6EemptFaGLPUDiOa94C")},
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".":          {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum":   {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
 
 		{"no assume checksum", 0, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
 			makeGarbage := func(work *check.Absolute, wantErr error) error {
@@ -1002,10 +1301,12 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 				return wantErr
 			}
 
-			wantChecksum := pkg.MustDecode("Aubi5EG4_Y8DhL9bQ3Q4HFBhLRF7X5gt9D3CNCQfT-TeBtlRXc7Zi_JYZEMoCC7M")
+			want := expectsChecksum(pkg.MustDecode(
+				"Aubi5EG4_Y8DhL9bQ3Q4HFBhLRF7X5gt9D3CNCQfT-TeBtlRXc7Zi_JYZEMoCC7M",
+			))
 
 			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
-				{"create", overrideChecksum{wantChecksum, overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 0}, &stubArtifact{
+				{"create", overrideChecksum{want.hash(), overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 0}, &stubArtifact{
 					kind: pkg.KindTar,
 					cure: func(t *pkg.TContext) error {
 						return makeGarbage(t.GetWorkDir(), nil)
@@ -1013,16 +1314,16 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 				}}}, base.Append(
 					"identifier",
 					pkg.Encode(pkg.ID{0xff, 0}),
-				), wantChecksum, nil},
+				), want, nil},
 
-				{"reject", overrideChecksum{wantChecksum, overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xfe, 1}, &stubArtifact{
+				{"reject", overrideChecksum{want.hash(), overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xfe, 1}, &stubArtifact{
 					kind: pkg.KindTar,
 					cure: func(t *pkg.TContext) error {
 						return makeGarbage(t.GetWorkDir(), stub.UniqueError(0xbad))
 					},
-				}}}, nil, pkg.Checksum{}, stub.UniqueError(0xbad)},
+				}}}, nil, nil, stub.UniqueError(0xbad)},
 
-				{"match", overrideChecksum{wantChecksum, overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 1}, &stubArtifact{
+				{"match", overrideChecksum{want.hash(), overrideIdent{pkg.ID{0xff, 1}, &stubArtifact{
 					kind: pkg.KindTar,
 					cure: func(t *pkg.TContext) error {
 						return makeGarbage(t.GetWorkDir(), nil)
@@ -1030,9 +1331,23 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 				}}}, base.Append(
 					"identifier",
 					pkg.Encode(pkg.ID{0xff, 1}),
-				), wantChecksum, nil},
+				), want, nil},
 			})
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("OC290t23aimNo2Rp2pPwan5GI2KRLRdOwYxXQMD9jw0QROgHnNXWodoWdV0hwu2w")},
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/Aubi5EG4_Y8DhL9bQ3Q4HFBhLRF7X5gt9D3CNCQfT-TeBtlRXc7Zi_JYZEMoCC7M":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/Aubi5EG4_Y8DhL9bQ3Q4HFBhLRF7X5gt9D3CNCQfT-TeBtlRXc7Zi_JYZEMoCC7M/check": {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{}},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/_wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/Aubi5EG4_Y8DhL9bQ3Q4HFBhLRF7X5gt9D3CNCQfT-TeBtlRXc7Zi_JYZEMoCC7M")},
+			"identifier/_wEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/Aubi5EG4_Y8DhL9bQ3Q4HFBhLRF7X5gt9D3CNCQfT-TeBtlRXc7Zi_JYZEMoCC7M")},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
 
 		{"scrub", 0, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
 			cureMany(t, c, []cureStep{
@@ -1044,7 +1359,7 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 				), base.Append(
 					"identifier",
 					pkg.Encode(pkg.Checksum{0xfe, 0}),
-				), pkg.Checksum{0xff, 0}, nil},
+				), expectsChecksum{0xff, 0}, nil},
 			})
 
 			for _, p := range [][]string{
@@ -1077,7 +1392,13 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 			if err := c.Scrub(1 << 6); !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErr) {
 				t.Fatalf("Scrub: error =\n%s\nwant\n%s", err, wantErr)
 			}
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("E4vEZKhCcL2gPZ2Tt59FS3lDng-d_2SKa2i5G_RbDfwGn6EemptFaGLPUDiOa94C")},
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".":          {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum":   {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
 	}
 	checkWithCache(t, testCases)
 }
@@ -1135,6 +1456,11 @@ func TestErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		{"UnsupportedVariantError", pkg.UnsupportedVariantError(
 			"rosa",
 		), `unsupported variant "rosa"`},
+
+		{"UnsupportedArchError zero", pkg.UnsupportedArchError(""),
+			"invalid architecture name"},
+		{"UnsupportedArchError", pkg.UnsupportedArchError("riscv64"),
+			"unsupported architecture riscv64"},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1250,6 +1576,14 @@ errors during scrub:
 func TestDependencyCureError(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
+	makeIdent := func(ident ...byte) pkg.Artifact {
+		var a overrideIdent
+		copy(a.id[:], ident)
+		// does not compare equal
+		a.TrivialArtifact = new(stubArtifact)
+		return a
+	}
+
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name   string
 		err    pkg.DependencyCureError
@@ -1257,51 +1591,51 @@ func TestDependencyCureError(t *testing.T) {
 		unwrap []error
 	}{
 		{"simple", pkg.DependencyCureError{
-			{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 9}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad09)},
-			{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
-			{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0xf}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad0f)},
-			{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 1}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad01)},
+			{A: makeIdent(0xff, 9), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad09)},
+			{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
+			{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0xf), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad0f)},
+			{A: makeIdent(0xff, 1), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad01)},
 		}, `errors curing dependencies:
 	_wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA: unique error 765184 injected by the test suite
 	_wEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA: unique error 765185 injected by the test suite
 	_wkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA: unique error 765193 injected by the test suite
 	_w8AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA: unique error 765199 injected by the test suite`, []error{
-			&pkg.CureError{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
-			&pkg.CureError{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 1}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad01)},
-			&pkg.CureError{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 9}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad09)},
-			&pkg.CureError{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0xf}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad0f)},
+			&pkg.CureError{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
+			&pkg.CureError{A: makeIdent(0xff, 1), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad01)},
+			&pkg.CureError{A: makeIdent(0xff, 9), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad09)},
+			&pkg.CureError{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0xf), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad0f)},
 		}},
 
 		{"dedup", pkg.DependencyCureError{
-			{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 9}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad09)},
-			{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
-			{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0xfd}), Err: &pkg.DependencyCureError{
-				{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 9}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad09)},
-				{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0xc}), Err: &pkg.DependencyCureError{
-					{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0xf}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad0f)},
-					{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
+			{A: makeIdent(0xff, 9), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad09)},
+			{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
+			{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0xfd), Err: &pkg.DependencyCureError{
+				{A: makeIdent(0xff, 9), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad09)},
+				{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0xc), Err: &pkg.DependencyCureError{
+					{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0xf), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad0f)},
+					{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
 				}},
-				{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
-				{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
+				{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
+				{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
 			}},
-			{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0xff}), Err: &pkg.DependencyCureError{
-				{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 9}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad09)},
-				{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0xc}), Err: &pkg.DependencyCureError{
-					{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
+			{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0xff), Err: &pkg.DependencyCureError{
+				{A: makeIdent(0xff, 9), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad09)},
+				{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0xc), Err: &pkg.DependencyCureError{
+					{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
 				}},
-				{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
+				{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
 			}},
-			{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0xf}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad0f)},
-			{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 1}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad01)},
+			{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0xf), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad0f)},
+			{A: makeIdent(0xff, 1), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad01)},
 		}, `errors curing dependencies:
 	_wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA: unique error 765184 injected by the test suite
 	_wEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA: unique error 765185 injected by the test suite
 	_wkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA: unique error 765193 injected by the test suite
 	_w8AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA: unique error 765199 injected by the test suite`, []error{
-			&pkg.CureError{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
-			&pkg.CureError{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 1}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad01)},
-			&pkg.CureError{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 9}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad09)},
-			&pkg.CureError{Ident: unique.Make(pkg.ID{0xff, 0xf}), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad0f)},
+			&pkg.CureError{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad00)},
+			&pkg.CureError{A: makeIdent(0xff, 1), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad01)},
+			&pkg.CureError{A: makeIdent(0xff, 9), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad09)},
+			&pkg.CureError{A: makeIdent(0xff, 0xf), Err: stub.UniqueError(0xbad0f)},
 		}},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
@@ -1342,6 +1676,25 @@ func (a earlyFailureF) Cure(*pkg.FContext) error {
 	return stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)
 }
 
+func BenchmarkEarlyDCE(b *testing.B) {
+	msg := message.New(log.New(os.Stderr, "dce: ", 0))
+	msg.SwapVerbose(testing.Verbose())
+	c, err := pkg.Open(b.Context(), msg, 0, 0, 0, check.MustAbs(b.TempDir()))
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	_, _, err = c.Cure(earlyFailureF(8))
+	if !errors.Is(err, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)) {
+		b.Fatalf("Cure: error = %v", err)
+	}
+	c.Close()
+	dce := err.(*pkg.DependencyCureError)
+
+	for b.Loop() {
+		dce.Unwrap()
+	}
+}
+
 func TestDependencyCureErrorEarly(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -1351,7 +1704,13 @@ func TestDependencyCureErrorEarly(t *testing.T) {
 			if !errors.Is(err, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)) {
 				t.Fatalf("Cure: error = %v", err)
 			}
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("E4vEZKhCcL2gPZ2Tt59FS3lDng-d_2SKa2i5G_RbDfwGn6EemptFaGLPUDiOa94C")},
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".":          {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum":   {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work":       {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
 	})
 }
 

internal/pkg/tar_test.go

@@ -20,6 +20,31 @@ import (
 func TestTar(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
+	want := expectsFS{
+		".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+
+		"checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+		"checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP":                {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+		"checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/check":          {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0, 0}},
+		"checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib":            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+		"checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib/pkgconfig":  {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+		"checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib/libedac.so": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
+
+		"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+		"identifier/HnySzeLQvSBZuTUcvfmLEX_OmH4yJWWH788NxuLuv7kVn8_uPM6Ks4rqFWM2NZJY": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP")},
+		"identifier/Zx5ZG9BAwegNT3zQwCySuI2ktCXxNgxirkGLFjW4FW06PtojYVaCdtEw8yuntPLa": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP")},
+
+		"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+	}
+	wantEncode := pkg.Encode(want.hash())
+
+	wantExpand := expectsFS{
+		".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+
+		"libedac.so": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
+	}
+	wantExpandEncode := pkg.Encode(wantExpand.hash())
+
 	checkWithCache(t, []cacheTestCase{
 		{"http", 0, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
 			checkTarHTTP(t, base, c, fstest.MapFS{
@@ -37,10 +62,32 @@ func TestTar(t *testing.T) {
 				"identifier/Zx5ZG9BAwegNT3zQwCySuI2ktCXxNgxirkGLFjW4FW06PtojYVaCdtEw8yuntPLa": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP")},
 
 				"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
-			}, pkg.MustDecode(
-				"cTw0h3AmYe7XudSoyEMByduYXqGi-N5ZkTZ0t9K5elsu3i_jNIVF5T08KR1roBFM",
-			))
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("NQTlc466JmSVLIyWklm_u8_g95jEEb98PxJU-kjwxLpfdjwMWJq0G8ze9R4Vo1Vu")},
+			}, want)
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum":                             {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/" + wantEncode:               {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/" + wantEncode + "/checksum": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/" + wantEncode + "/checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP":                {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/" + wantEncode + "/checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/check":          {Mode: 0400, Data: []byte{0, 0}},
+			"checksum/" + wantEncode + "/checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib":            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/" + wantEncode + "/checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib/libedac.so": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
+			"checksum/" + wantEncode + "/checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP/lib/pkgconfig":  {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/" + wantEncode + "/identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/" + wantEncode + "/identifier/HnySzeLQvSBZuTUcvfmLEX_OmH4yJWWH788NxuLuv7kVn8_uPM6Ks4rqFWM2NZJY": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP")},
+			"checksum/" + wantEncode + "/identifier/Zx5ZG9BAwegNT3zQwCySuI2ktCXxNgxirkGLFjW4FW06PtojYVaCdtEw8yuntPLa": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/1TL00Qb8dcqayX7wTO8WNaraHvY6b-KCsctLDTrb64QBCmxj_-byK1HdIUwMaFEP")},
+			"checksum/" + wantEncode + "/work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/W5S65DEhawz_WKaok5NjUKLmnD9dNl5RPauNJjcOVcB3VM4eGhSaLGmXbL8vZpiw": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantEncode)},
+			"identifier/rg7F1D5hwv6o4xctjD5zDq4i5MD0mArTsUIWfhUbik8xC6Bsyt3mjXXOm3goojTz": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantEncode)},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"temp": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
 
 		{"http expand", 0, nil, func(t *testing.T, base *check.Absolute, c *pkg.Cache) {
 			checkTarHTTP(t, base, c, fstest.MapFS{
@@ -48,10 +95,23 @@ func TestTar(t *testing.T) {
 
 				"lib":            {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
 				"lib/libedac.so": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
-			}, pkg.MustDecode(
-				"CH3AiUrCCcVOjOYLaMKKK1Da78989JtfHeIsxMzWOQFiN4mrCLDYpoDxLWqJWCUN",
-			))
-		}, pkg.MustDecode("hSoSSgCYTNonX3Q8FjvjD1fBl-E-BQyA6OTXro2OadXqbST4tZ-akGXszdeqphRe")},
+			}, wantExpand)
+		}, expectsFS{
+			".": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"checksum":                     {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"checksum/" + wantExpandEncode: {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0500},
+			"checksum/" + wantExpandEncode + "/libedac.so": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("/proc/nonexistent/libedac.so")},
+
+			"identifier": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"identifier/W5S65DEhawz_WKaok5NjUKLmnD9dNl5RPauNJjcOVcB3VM4eGhSaLGmXbL8vZpiw": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantExpandEncode)},
+			"identifier/_v1blm2h-_KA-dVaawdpLas6MjHc6rbhhFS8JWwx8iJxZGUu8EBbRrhr5AaZ9PJL": {Mode: fs.ModeSymlink | 0777, Data: []byte("../checksum/" + wantExpandEncode)},
+
+			"substitute": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+
+			"temp": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+			"work": {Mode: fs.ModeDir | 0700},
+		}},
 	})
 }
 
@@ -60,7 +120,7 @@ func checkTarHTTP(
 	base *check.Absolute,
 	c *pkg.Cache,
 	testdataFsys fs.FS,
-	wantChecksum pkg.Checksum,
+	want expectsKnown,
 ) {
 	var testdata string
 	{
@@ -194,24 +254,24 @@ func checkTarHTTP(
 		{"file", a, base.Append(
 			"identifier",
 			pkg.Encode(wantIdent),
-		), wantChecksum, nil},
+		), want, nil},
 
 		{"directory", pkg.NewTar(
 			&tarDir,
 			pkg.TarGzip,
-		), ignorePathname, wantChecksum, nil},
+		), ignorePathname, want, nil},
 
 		{"multiple entries", pkg.NewTar(
 			&tarDirMulti,
 			pkg.TarGzip,
-		), nil, pkg.Checksum{}, errors.New(
+		), nil, nil, errors.New(
 			"input directory does not contain a single regular file",
 		)},
 
 		{"bad type", pkg.NewTar(
 			&tarDirType,
 			pkg.TarGzip,
-		), nil, pkg.Checksum{}, errors.New(
+		), nil, nil, errors.New(
 			"input directory does not contain a single regular file",
 		)},
 
@@ -221,6 +281,6 @@ func checkTarHTTP(
 			cure: func(t *pkg.TContext) error {
 				return stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)
 			},
-		}, pkg.TarGzip), nil, pkg.Checksum{}, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)},
+		}, pkg.TarGzip), nil, nil, stub.UniqueError(0xcafe)},
 	})
 }

internal/rosa/all.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 
@@ -55,6 +56,8 @@ const (
 	Fakeroot
 	Findutils
 	Flex
+	FontUtil
+	Freetype
 	Fuse
 	GMP
 	GLib
@@ -70,39 +73,63 @@ const (
 	Gzip
 	Hakurei
 	HakureiDist
+	Hwdata
 	IPTables
 	Kmod
 	LIT
 	LibX11
 	LibXau
+	LibXdmcp
 	LibXext
+	LibXfixes
+	LibXfont2
+	LibXrandr
+	LibXrender
+	LibXxf86vm
+	Libarchive
 	Libbsd
 	Libcap
+	Libconfig
+	LibdisplayInfo
 	Libdrm
+	Libepoxy
 	Libev
 	Libexpat
 	Libffi
+	Libfontenc
 	Libgd
 	Libglvnd
 	Libiconv
 	Libmd
 	Libmnl
-	Libpciaccess
 	Libnftnl
+	Libpciaccess
+	Libpng
 	Libpsl
 	Libseccomp
 	Libtasn1
+	Libtirpc
 	Libtool
 	Libucontext
 	Libunistring
-	Libxshmfence
+	Libva
+	LibxcbRenderUtil
+	LibxcbUtil
+	LibxcbUtilImage
+	LibxcbUtilKeysyms
+	LibxcbUtilWM
+	Libxcvt
+	Libxkbfile
 	Libxml2
+	Libxshmfence
 	Libxslt
 	Libxtrans
+	LMSensors
 	M4
 	MPC
 	MPFR
 	Make
+	Mesa
 	Meson
 	Mksh
 	MuslFts
@@ -124,10 +151,12 @@ const (
 	PerlPodParser
 	PerlSGMLS
 	PerlTermReadKey
+	PerlTestCmd
 	PerlTextCharWidth
 	PerlTextWrapI18N
 	PerlUnicodeLineBreak
 	PerlYAMLTiny
+	Pixman
 	PkgConfig
 	Procps
 	Python
@@ -141,6 +170,7 @@ const (
 	PythonPluggy
 	PythonPyTest
 	PythonPyYAML
+	PythonPycparser
 	PythonPygments
 	PythonSetuptools
 	PythonSetuptoolsSCM
@@ -164,20 +194,25 @@ const (
 	toyboxEarly
 	Unzip
 	UtilLinux
+	VIM
 	Wayland
 	WaylandProtocols
 	XCB
 	XCBProto
 	XDGDBusProxy
 	XZ
+	Xkbcomp
+	XkeyboardConfig
 	XorgProto
+	Xserver
 	Zlib
 	Zstd
 
 	// PresetUnexportedStart is the first unexported preset.
 	PresetUnexportedStart
 
-	llvmSource = iota - 1
+	stage0Dist = iota - 1
+	llvmSource
 	// earlyCompilerRT is an early, standalone compiler-rt installation for the
 	// standalone runtimes build.
 	//
@@ -342,6 +377,9 @@ var (
 	// artifactsOnce is for lazy initialisation of artifacts.
 	artifactsOnce [_toolchainEnd][len(artifactsM)]sync.Once
 
+	// arch is the target architecture.
+	arch = runtime.GOARCH
+
 	// presetOpts globally modifies behaviour of presets.
 	presetOpts int
 )
@@ -353,6 +391,9 @@ const (
 	OptLLVMNoLTO
 )
 
+// Arch returns the target architecture.
+func Arch() string { return arch }
+
 // Flags returns the current preset flags
 func Flags() int { return presetOpts }
 
@@ -362,7 +403,12 @@ func zero[T any](p *T) { var v T; *p = v }
 // DropCaches arranges for all cached [pkg.Artifact] to be freed some time after
 // it returns. Must not be used concurrently with any other function from this
 // package.
-func DropCaches(flags int) {
+func DropCaches(targetArch string, flags int) {
+	if targetArch == "" {
+		targetArch = runtime.GOARCH
+	}
+
+	arch = targetArch
 	presetOpts = flags
 	zero(&artifacts)
 	zero(&artifactsOnce)

internal/rosa/all_test.go

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ func TestLoad(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func BenchmarkAll(b *testing.B) {
-	flags := rosa.Flags()
-	b.Cleanup(func() { rosa.DropCaches(flags) })
+	arch, flags := rosa.Arch(), rosa.Flags()
+	b.Cleanup(func() { rosa.DropCaches(arch, flags) })
 
 	for b.Loop() {
 		for i := range rosa.PresetEnd {
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func BenchmarkAll(b *testing.B) {
 		}
 
 		b.StopTimer()
-		rosa.DropCaches(0)
+		rosa.DropCaches("", 0)
 		b.StartTimer()
 	}
 }

internal/rosa/busybox.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
-	"runtime"
 	"time"
 
 	"hakurei.app/fhs"
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ func (a busyboxBin) Cure(t *pkg.TContext) (err error) {
 // the https://busybox.net/downloads/binaries/ binary release.
 func newBusyboxBin() pkg.Artifact {
 	var version, url, checksum string
-	switch runtime.GOARCH {
+	switch arch {
 	case "amd64":
 		version = "1.35.0"
 		url = "https://busybox.net/downloads/binaries/" +
@@ -101,11 +100,11 @@ func newBusyboxBin() pkg.Artifact {
 		checksum = "npJjBO7iwhjW6Kx2aXeSxf8kXhVgTCDChOZTTsI8ZfFfa3tbsklxRiidZQdrVERg"
 
 	default:
-		panic("unsupported target " + runtime.GOARCH)
+		panic("unsupported target " + arch)
 	}
 
 	return pkg.NewExec(
-		"busybox-bin-"+version, nil, pkg.ExecTimeoutMax, false,
+		"busybox-bin-"+version, arch, nil, pkg.ExecTimeoutMax, false, false,
 		fhs.AbsRoot, []string{
 			"PATH=/system/bin",
 		},

internal/rosa/curl.go

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
 
 func (t Toolchain) newCurl() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	const (
-		version  = "8.19.0"
-		checksum = "YHuVLVVp8q_Y7-JWpID5ReNjq2Zk6t7ArHB6ngQXilp_R5l3cubdxu3UKo-xDByv"
+		version  = "8.20.0"
+		checksum = "xyHXwrngIRGMasuzhn-I5MSCOhktwINbsWt1f_LuR-5jRVvyx_g6U1EQfDLEbr9r"
 	)
 	return t.NewPackage("curl", version, newTar(
 		"https://curl.se/download/curl-"+version+".tar.bz2",

internal/rosa/freetype.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package rosa
+
+import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+
+func (t Toolchain) newFreetype() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "2.14.3"
+		checksum = "-WfLv8fVJNyCHpP_lriiDzOcVbBL9ajdQ3tl8AzIIUa9-8sVpU9irxOmSMgRHWYz"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("freetype", version, newTar(
+		"https://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/freetype/"+
+			"freetype-"+version+".tar.gz",
+		checksum,
+		pkg.TarGzip,
+	), nil, (*MakeHelper)(nil)), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[Freetype] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newFreetype,
+
+		Name:        "freetype",
+		Description: "a freely available software library to render fonts",
+		Website:     "http://www.freetype.org/",
+
+		ID: 854,
+	}
+}

internal/rosa/git.go

@@ -55,6 +55,14 @@ disable_test t9300-fast-import
 disable_test t0211-trace2-perf
 disable_test t1517-outside-repo
 disable_test t2200-add-update
+disable_test t0027-auto-crlf
+disable_test t7513-interpret-trailers
+disable_test t7703-repack-geometric
+disable_test t7002-mv-sparse-checkout
+disable_test t1451-fsck-buffer
+disable_test t4104-apply-boundary
+disable_test t4200-rerere
+disable_test t5515-fetch-merge-logic
 `,
 		Check: []string{
 			"-C t",
@@ -105,7 +113,7 @@ func (t Toolchain) NewViaGit(
 	return t.New(strings.TrimSuffix(
 		path.Base(url),
 		".git",
-	)+"-src-"+path.Base(rev), 0, t.AppendPresets(nil,
+	)+"-src-"+path.Base(rev), THostNet, t.AppendPresets(nil,
 		NSSCACert,
 		Git,
 	), &checksum, nil, `

internal/rosa/glslang.go

@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ func init() {
 
 func (t Toolchain) newGlslang() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	const (
-		version  = "16.2.0"
-		checksum = "6_UuF9reLRDaVkgO-9IfB3kMwme3lQZM8LL8YsJwPdUFkrjzxJtf2A9X3w9nFxj2"
+		version  = "16.3.0"
+		checksum = "xyqDf8k3-D0_BXHGi0uLgMglnJ05Rf3j73QgbDs3sGtKNdBIQhY8JfqX1NcNoJQN"
 	)
 	return t.NewPackage("glslang", version, newFromGitHub(
 		"KhronosGroup/glslang",
@@ -132,15 +132,75 @@ func (t Toolchain) newSPIRVLLVMTranslator() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 		version  = "22.1.2"
 		checksum = "JZAaV5ewYcm-35YA_U2BM2IcsQouZtX1BLZR0zh2vSlfEXMsT5OCtY4Gh5RJkcGy"
 	)
+	skipChecks := []string{
+		// error: line 13: OpTypeCooperativeMatrixKHR Scope is limited to Workgroup and Subgroup
+		"cooperative_matrix_constant_null.spvasm",
+	}
+
+	switch arch {
+	case "arm64":
+		skipChecks = append(skipChecks,
+			// LLVM ERROR: unsupported calling convention
+			"DebugInfo/COFF/no-cus.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/2009-11-05-DeadGlobalVariable.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/2009-11-10-CurrentFn.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/2010-01-05-DbgScope.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/2010-03-12-llc-crash.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/2010-03-24-MemberFn.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/2010-04-19-FramePtr.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/2010-06-29-InlinedFnLocalVar.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/2010-10-01-crash.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/PR20038.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/constant-pointers.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/dead-argument-order.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/debug-info-eis-option.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/def-line.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/discriminator.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/dwarf-public-names.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/enum.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/func-using-decl.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/global.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/imported-name-inlined.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/incorrect-variable-debugloc1.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/inline-scopes.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/inlined-arguments.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/inlined-vars.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/linear-dbg-value.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/linkage-name-abstract.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/member-order.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/missing-abstract-variable.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/multiline.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/namespace_function_definition.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/namespace_inline_function_definition.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/noscopes.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/ptrsize.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/restrict.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/two-cus-from-same-file.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/Generic/version.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/LocalAddressSpace.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/UnknownBaseType.ll",
+			"DebugInfo/expr-opcode.ll",
+		)
+	}
+
 	return t.NewPackage("spirv-llvm-translator", version, newFromGitHub(
 		"KhronosGroup/SPIRV-LLVM-Translator",
 		"v"+version, checksum,
 	), &PackageAttr{
 		Patches: []KV{
 			{"remove-early-prefix", `diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
-index c000a77e..86f79b03 100644
+index c000a77e..f18f3fde 100644
 --- a/CMakeLists.txt
 +++ b/CMakeLists.txt
+@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ install(
+     ${LLVM_SPIRV_INCLUDE_DIRS}/LLVMSPIRVOpts.h
+     ${LLVM_SPIRV_INCLUDE_DIRS}/LLVMSPIRVExtensions.inc
+   DESTINATION
+-    ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/include/LLVMSPIRVLib
++    include/LLVMSPIRVLib
+ )
+ 
+ configure_file(LLVMSPIRVLib.pc.in ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/LLVMSPIRVLib.pc @ONLY)
 @@ -172,5 +172,5 @@ install(
    FILES
      ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/LLVMSPIRVLib.pc
@@ -148,14 +208,12 @@ index c000a77e..86f79b03 100644
 -    ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib${LLVM_LIBDIR_SUFFIX}/pkgconfig
 +    lib${LLVM_LIBDIR_SUFFIX}/pkgconfig
  )
-`},
+;`},
 		},
 
 		// litArgs emits shell syntax
 		ScriptEarly: `
-export LIT_OPTS=` + litArgs(true,
-			// error: line 13: OpTypeCooperativeMatrixKHR Scope is limited to Workgroup and Subgroup
-			"cooperative_matrix_constant_null.spvasm") + `
+export LIT_OPTS=` + litArgs(true, skipChecks...) + `
 `,
 	}, &CMakeHelper{
 		Cache: []KV{

internal/rosa/gnu.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package rosa
 
 import (
-	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -843,7 +842,7 @@ func (t Toolchain) newGnuTLS() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	)
 
 	var configureExtra []KV
-	switch runtime.GOARCH {
+	switch arch {
 	case "arm64":
 		configureExtra = []KV{
 			{"disable-hardware-acceleration"},
@@ -1143,12 +1142,12 @@ func init() {
 
 func (t Toolchain) newGCC() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	const (
-		version  = "15.2.0"
-		checksum = "TXJ5WrbXlGLzy1swghQTr4qxgDCyIZFgJry51XEPTBZ8QYbVmFeB4lZbSMtPJ-a1"
+		version  = "16.1.0"
+		checksum = "4ASoWbxaA2FW7PAB0zzHDPC5XnNhyaAyjtDPpGzceSLeYnEIXsNYZR3PA_Zu5P0K"
 	)
 
 	var configureExtra []KV
-	switch runtime.GOARCH {
+	switch arch {
 	case "amd64", "arm64":
 		configureExtra = append(configureExtra, KV{"with-multilib-list", "''"})
 	}

internal/rosa/go.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package rosa
 
 import (
-	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 
 	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
@@ -35,6 +34,10 @@ func (t Toolchain) newGo(
 	script string,
 	extra ...pkg.Artifact,
 ) pkg.Artifact {
+	name := "all"
+	if presetOpts&OptSkipCheck != 0 {
+		name = "make"
+	}
 	return t.New("go"+version, 0, t.AppendPresets(extra,
 		Bash,
 	), nil, slices.Concat([]string{
@@ -48,7 +51,7 @@ cp -r /usr/src/go /work/system
 cd /work/system/go/src
 chmod -R +w ..
 `+script+`
-./all.bash
+./`+name+`.bash
 
 mkdir /work/system/bin
 ln -s \
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ func (t Toolchain) newGoLatest() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 
 		finalEnv []string
 	)
-	switch runtime.GOARCH {
+	switch arch {
 	case "amd64":
 		bootstrapExtra = append(bootstrapExtra, t.newGoBootstrap())
 
@@ -79,7 +82,7 @@ func (t Toolchain) newGoLatest() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 		finalEnv = append(finalEnv, "CGO_ENABLED=0")
 
 	default:
-		panic("unsupported target " + runtime.GOARCH)
+		panic("unsupported target " + arch)
 	}
 
 	go119 := t.newGo(
@@ -104,7 +107,7 @@ echo \
 		[]string{"CGO_ENABLED=0"}, `
 sed -i \
 	's,/lib/ld-musl-`+linuxArch()+`.so.1,/system/bin/linker,' \
-	cmd/link/internal/`+runtime.GOARCH+`/obj.go
+	cmd/link/internal/`+arch+`/obj.go
 
 rm \
 	crypto/tls/handshake_client_test.go \
@@ -122,17 +125,17 @@ echo \
 		[]string{"CGO_ENABLED=0"}, `
 sed -i \
 	's,/lib/ld-musl-`+linuxArch()+`.so.1,/system/bin/linker,' \
-	cmd/link/internal/`+runtime.GOARCH+`/obj.go
+	cmd/link/internal/`+arch+`/obj.go
 `, go121,
 	)
 
 	go125 := t.newGo(
-		"1.25.9",
-		"gShJb9uOMk5AxqPSwvn53ZO56S6PyP6nfojzrHUiJ3krAvrgjJpYa6-DPA-jxbpN",
+		"1.25.10",
+		"TwKwatkpwal-j9U2sDSRPEdM3YesI4Gm88YgGV59wtU-L85K9gA7UPy9SCxn6PMb",
 		[]string{"CGO_ENABLED=0"}, `
 sed -i \
 	's,/lib/ld-musl-`+linuxArch()+`.so.1,/system/bin/linker,' \
-	cmd/link/internal/`+runtime.GOARCH+`/obj.go
+	cmd/link/internal/`+arch+`/obj.go
 
 rm \
 	os/root_unix_test.go \
@@ -141,8 +144,8 @@ rm \
 	)
 
 	const (
-		version  = "1.26.2"
-		checksum = "v-6BE89_1g3xYf-9oIYpJKFXlo3xKHYJj2_VGkaUq8ZVkIVQmLwrto-xGG03OISH"
+		version  = "1.26.3"
+		checksum = "lEiFocZFnN5fKvZzmwVdqc9pYUjAuhzqZGbuiOqxUP4XdcY8yECisKcqsQ_eNn1N"
 	)
 	return t.newGo(
 		version,
@@ -150,7 +153,7 @@ rm \
 		finalEnv, `
 sed -i \
 	's,/lib/ld-musl-`+linuxArch()+`.so.1,/system/bin/linker,' \
-	cmd/link/internal/`+runtime.GOARCH+`/obj.go
+	cmd/link/internal/`+arch+`/obj.go
 sed -i \
 	's/cpu.X86.HasAVX512VBMI/& \&\& cpu.X86.HasPOPCNT/' \
 	internal/runtime/gc/scan/scan_amd64.go

internal/rosa/gtk.go

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import (
 
 func (t Toolchain) newGLib() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	const (
-		version  = "2.88.0"
-		checksum = "T79Cg4z6j-sDZ2yIwvbY4ccRv2-fbwbqgcw59F5NQ6qJT6z4v261vbYp3dHO6Ma3"
+		version  = "2.88.1"
+		checksum = "Rkszn6W4RHjyspyqfXdVAVawdwDJCuS0Zu0f7qot7tbJhnw2fUDoUUJB40m-1MCX"
 	)
 	return t.NewPackage("glib", version, t.newTagRemote(
 		"https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/glib.git",

internal/rosa/hakurei.go

@@ -63,9 +63,9 @@ func init() {
 			return t.newHakurei("", `
 mkdir -p /work/system/libexec/hakurei/
 
-echo '# Building hakurei.'
-go generate -v ./...
-go build -trimpath -v -tags=rosa -o /work/system/libexec/hakurei -ldflags="-s -w
+echo "Building hakurei for $(go env GOOS)/$(go env GOARCH)."
+go generate ./...
+go build -trimpath -tags=rosa -o /work/system/libexec/hakurei -ldflags="-s -w
 	-buildid=
 	-linkmode external
 	-extldflags=-static
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ go build -trimpath -v -tags=rosa -o /work/system/libexec/hakurei -ldflags="-s -w
 " ./...
 echo
 
-echo '# Testing hakurei.'
+echo '##### Testing hakurei.'
 go test -ldflags='-buildid= -linkmode external -extldflags=-static' ./...
 echo
 
@@ -96,9 +96,13 @@ mkdir -p /work/system/bin/
 	}
 	artifactsM[HakureiDist] = Metadata{
 		f: func(t Toolchain) (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+			name := "all"
+			if presetOpts&OptSkipCheck != 0 {
+				name = "make"
+			}
 			return t.newHakurei("-dist", `
 export HAKUREI_VERSION
-DESTDIR=/work /usr/src/hakurei/all.sh
+DESTDIR=/work /usr/src/hakurei/`+name+`.sh
 `, true), hakureiVersion
 		},
 

internal/rosa/hakurei_release.go

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ package rosa
 
 import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
 
-const hakureiVersion = "0.4.0"
+const hakureiVersion = "0.4.2"
 
 // hakureiSource is the source code of a hakurei release.
 var hakureiSource = newTar(
 	"https://git.gensokyo.uk/rosa/hakurei/archive/"+
 		"v"+hakureiVersion+".tar.gz",
-	"wfQ9DqCW0Fw9o91wj-I55waoqzB-UqzzuC0_2h-P-1M78SgZ1WHSPCDJMth6EyC2",
+	"jadgaOrxv5ABGvzQ_Rk0aPGz7U8K-427TbMhQNQ32scSizEnlR44Pu7NoWYWVZWq",
 	pkg.TarGzip,
 )
 

internal/rosa/hwdata.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package rosa
+
+import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+
+func (t Toolchain) newHwdata() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "0.407"
+		checksum = "6p1XD0CRuzt6hLfjv4ShKBW934BexmoPkRrmwxD4J63fBVCzVBRHyF8pVJdW_Xjm"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("hwdata", version, newFromGitHub(
+		"vcrhonek/hwdata",
+		"v"+version, checksum,
+	), &PackageAttr{
+		Writable:    true,
+		EnterSource: true,
+	}, &MakeHelper{
+		// awk: fatal: cannot open file `hwdata.spec' for reading: No such file or directory
+		InPlace: true,
+
+		// lspci: Unknown option 'A' (see "lspci --help")
+		SkipCheck: true,
+	}), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[Hwdata] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newHwdata,
+
+		Name:        "hwdata",
+		Description: "contains various hardware identification and configuration data",
+		Website:     "https://github.com/vcrhonek/hwdata",
+
+		ID: 5387,
+	}
+}

internal/rosa/kernel.go

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ package rosa
 
 import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
 
-const kernelVersion = "6.12.84"
+const kernelVersion = "6.12.87"
 
 var kernelSource = newTar(
 	"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/"+
 		"snapshot/linux-"+kernelVersion+".tar.gz",
-	"GJLUEu68r3DpLYoTcMl4wA_ThMBs_Zwc0gZsp82ii_3AOfcVxpI639IKfq2jAAY2",
+	"QTl5teIy0K5KsOLYGHQ3FbnPCZNRH2bySXVzghiOoHDdM3zAcSPUkmdly85lMzHx",
 	pkg.TarGzip,
 )
 
@@ -29,8 +29,22 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func (t Toolchain) newKernelHeaders() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const checksum = "lCmBNcMeUmXifg0vecKOPy3GAaFcJSmOPnf3wit9xYTDSTsFADPt1xxUFfmTn1fD"
 	return t.NewPackage("kernel-headers", kernelVersion, kernelSource, &PackageAttr{
-		Flag: TEarly,
+		Flag:          TEarly,
+		KnownChecksum: new(mustDecode(checksum)),
+
+		Paths: []pkg.ExecPath{
+			// updated manually for API changes
+			pkg.Path(AbsUsrSrc.Append("version.h"), false, pkg.NewFile(
+				"version.h", []byte(`#define LINUX_VERSION_CODE 396372
+#define KERNEL_VERSION(a,b,c) (((a) << 16) + ((b) << 8) + ((c) > 255 ? 255 : (c)))
+#define LINUX_VERSION_MAJOR 6
+#define LINUX_VERSION_PATCHLEVEL 12
+#define LINUX_VERSION_SUBLEVEL 84
+`),
+			)),
+		},
 	}, &MakeHelper{
 		SkipConfigure: true,
 
@@ -43,7 +57,11 @@ func (t Toolchain) newKernelHeaders() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 			"INSTALL_HDR_PATH=/work/system",
 			"headers_install",
 		},
-		Install: "# headers installed during make",
+		Install: `
+cat \
+	/usr/src/version.h > \
+	/work/system/include/linux/version.h
+`,
 	},
 		Rsync,
 	), kernelVersion

internal/rosa/libarchive.go

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package rosa
+
+import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibarchive() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "3.8.7"
+		checksum = "CUJK4MDQmZmATClgQBH2Wt-7Ts4iiSUlg1J_TVb6-5IK3rVUgVLIMc5k-bnWB9w3"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libarchive", version, newFromGitHub(
+		"libarchive/libarchive",
+		"v"+version, checksum,
+	), &PackageAttr{
+		Paths: []pkg.ExecPath{
+			pkg.Path(AbsUsrSrc.Append(
+				"CTestCustom.cmake",
+			), false, pkg.NewFile("CTestCustom.cmake", []byte(`
+list(APPEND CTEST_CUSTOM_TESTS_IGNORE
+	"libarchive_test_archive_string_conversion_fail_c"
+	"libarchive_test_archive_string_conversion_fail_latin1"
+	"libarchive_test_archive_string_update_utf8_koi8"
+	"libarchive_test_gnutar_filename_encoding_KOI8R_UTF8"
+	"libarchive_test_gnutar_filename_encoding_KOI8R_CP866"
+	"libarchive_test_gnutar_filename_encoding_CP1251_UTF8"
+	"libarchive_test_gnutar_filename_encoding_Russian_Russia"
+	"libarchive_test_gnutar_filename_encoding_EUCJP_UTF8"
+	"libarchive_test_gnutar_filename_encoding_EUCJP_CP932"
+	"libarchive_test_gnutar_filename_encoding_CP932_UTF8"
+	"libarchive_test_pax_filename_encoding_KOI8R"
+	"libarchive_test_pax_filename_encoding_CP1251"
+	"libarchive_test_pax_filename_encoding_EUCJP"
+	"libarchive_test_pax_filename_encoding_CP932"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_cpio_filename_UTF8_eucJP"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_cpio_filename_CP866_KOI8R"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_cpio_filename_KOI8R_CP866"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_cpio_filename_UTF8_KOI8R"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_cpio_filename_UTF8_CP866"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_cpio_filename_eucJP_CP932"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_cpio_filename_UTF8_CP932"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_cpio_filename_CP866_CP1251"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_cpio_filename_CP866_CP1251_win"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_cpio_filename_KOI8R_CP1251"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_cpio_filename_UTF8_CP1251"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_gtar_filename_CP866_KOI8R"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_gtar_filename_KOI8R_CP866"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_gtar_filename_eucJP_CP932"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_gtar_filename_CP866_CP1251"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_gtar_filename_CP866_CP1251_win"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_gtar_filename_KOI8R_CP1251"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_rar_unicode_CP932"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_zip_filename_CP932_eucJP"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_zip_filename_UTF8_eucJP"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_zip_filename_CP866_KOI8R"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_zip_filename_KOI8R_CP866"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_zip_filename_UTF8_KOI8R"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_zip_filename_UTF8_CP866"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_zip_filename_CP932_CP932"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_zip_filename_UTF8_CP932"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_zip_filename_CP866_CP1251"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_zip_filename_CP866_CP1251_win"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_zip_filename_KOI8R_CP1251"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_zip_filename_UTF8_CP1251"
+	"libarchive_test_ustar_filename_encoding_KOI8R_UTF8"
+	"libarchive_test_ustar_filename_encoding_KOI8R_CP866"
+	"libarchive_test_ustar_filename_encoding_CP1251_UTF8"
+	"libarchive_test_ustar_filename_encoding_Russian_Russia"
+	"libarchive_test_ustar_filename_encoding_EUCJP_UTF8"
+	"libarchive_test_ustar_filename_encoding_EUCJP_CP932"
+	"libarchive_test_ustar_filename_encoding_CP932_UTF8"
+	"libarchive_test_zip_filename_encoding_KOI8R"
+	"libarchive_test_zip_filename_encoding_ru_RU_CP1251"
+	"libarchive_test_zip_filename_encoding_Russian_Russia"
+	"libarchive_test_zip_filename_encoding_EUCJP"
+	"libarchive_test_zip_filename_encoding_CP932"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_cab_filename"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_lha_filename"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_tar_filename"
+	"libarchive_test_read_format_ustar_filename"
+	"libarchive_test_read_append_wrong_filter"
+)
+`))),
+		},
+
+		Writable: true,
+		ScriptEarly: `
+install -Dv /usr/src/CTestCustom.cmake /cure/
+`,
+	}, (*CMakeHelper)(nil)), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[Libarchive] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibarchive,
+
+		Name:        "libarchive",
+		Description: "multi-format archive and compression library",
+		Website:     "https://www.libarchive.org/",
+
+		ID: 1558,
+	}
+}

internal/rosa/libbsd.go

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
 
 func (t Toolchain) newLibmd() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	const (
-		version  = "1.1.0"
-		checksum = "9apYqPPZm0j5HQT8sCsVIhnVIqRD7XgN7kPIaTwTqnTuUq5waUAMq4M7ev8CODJ1"
+		version  = "1.2.0"
+		checksum = "1rJ6joAO0wwMZvSfnRNkc1MOhywyAq7SM8VmF92NvDtv7Qdl1LRbjm5fg_DFFtGj"
 	)
 	return t.NewPackage("libmd", version, t.newTagRemote(
 		"https://git.hadrons.org/git/libmd.git",

internal/rosa/libconfig.go

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package rosa
+
+import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibconfig() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "1.8.2"
+		checksum = "fD32hjeAZuTz98g6WYHRwsxphrgrEFqxi5Z1jlJemPckPBfxpS3i5HgshAuA6vmT"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libconfig", version, newFromGitHub(
+		"hyperrealm/libconfig",
+		"v"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), &PackageAttr{
+		Patches: []KV{
+			{"disable-broken-tests", `diff --git a/tests/tests.c b/tests/tests.c
+index eba7eae..f916d2e 100644
+--- a/tests/tests.c
++++ b/tests/tests.c
+@@ -753,7 +753,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
+   int failures;
+ 
+   TT_SUITE_START(LibConfigTests);
+-  TT_SUITE_TEST(LibConfigTests, ParsingAndFormatting);
+   TT_SUITE_TEST(LibConfigTests, ParseInvalidFiles);
+   TT_SUITE_TEST(LibConfigTests, ParseInvalidStrings);
+   TT_SUITE_TEST(LibConfigTests, BigInt1);
+@@ -768,7 +767,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
+   TT_SUITE_TEST(LibConfigTests, OverrideSetting);
+   TT_SUITE_TEST(LibConfigTests, SettingLookups);
+   TT_SUITE_TEST(LibConfigTests, ReadStream);
+-  TT_SUITE_TEST(LibConfigTests, BinaryAndHex);
+   TT_SUITE_RUN(LibConfigTests);
+   failures = TT_SUITE_NUM_FAILURES(LibConfigTests);
+   TT_SUITE_END(LibConfigTests);
+`},
+		},
+	}, (*CMakeHelper)(nil)), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[Libconfig] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibconfig,
+
+		Name:        "libconfig",
+		Description: "a simple library for processing structured configuration files",
+		Website:     "https://hyperrealm.github.io/libconfig/",
+
+		ID: 1580,
+	}
+}

internal/rosa/libdisplay-info.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package rosa
+
+import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibdisplayInfo() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "0.3.0"
+		checksum = "yjOqPUHHYgRtpqGw5RI1n2Q1_hO5j0LiFNMbjcRWV4Nf71XwwoC9fZMlKBDeLchT"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libdisplay-info", version, newFromGitLab(
+		"gitlab.freedesktop.org",
+		"emersion/libdisplay-info",
+		version, checksum,
+	), nil, (*MesonHelper)(nil),
+		Diffutils,
+
+		Hwdata,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[LibdisplayInfo] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibdisplayInfo,
+
+		Name:        "libdisplay-info",
+		Description: "EDID and DisplayID library",
+		Website:     "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/emersion/libdisplay-info",
+
+		ID: 326668,
+	}
+}

internal/rosa/libepoxy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package rosa
+
+import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibepoxy() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "1.5.10"
+		checksum = "OHI8wshrlGw6BMGrmSyejJtwzM2gPhyFJrTsKxULyKMmYrfgcOe7Iw2ibVoUND_Q"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libepoxy", version, newFromGitHub(
+		"anholt/libepoxy",
+		version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil, &MesonHelper{
+		Setup: []KV{
+			{"Dglx", "no"},
+			{"Degl", "no"},
+		},
+	},
+		LibX11,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[Libepoxy] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibepoxy,
+
+		Name:        "libepoxy",
+		Description: "a library for handling OpenGL function pointer management",
+		Website:     "https://github.com/anholt/libepoxy",
+
+		ID: 6090,
+	}
+}

internal/rosa/libexpat.go

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import (
 
 func (t Toolchain) newLibexpat() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	const (
-		version  = "2.8.0"
-		checksum = "pnwZ_JSif-OfoWIwk2JYXWHagOWMA3Sh-Ea0p-4Rz9U9mDEeAebhyvnfD7OYOMCk"
+		version  = "2.8.1"
+		checksum = "iMEtbOJhQfGof2GxSlxffQSI1va_NDDQ9VIuqcPbNZ0291Dr8wttD5QecYyjIQap"
 	)
 	return t.NewPackage("libexpat", version, newFromGitHubRelease(
 		"libexpat/libexpat",

internal/rosa/libpng.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package rosa
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+)
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibpng() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "1.6.58"
+		checksum = "m_a5lROJH7vmF3cMjqwTUqURuQLhV1JQx2ySPzcN3VPdgDB9pG3UINsIx_mtkr-t"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libpng", version, newTar(
+		"https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/libpng/libpng"+
+			strings.Join(strings.SplitN(version, ".", 3)[:2], "")+
+			"/"+version+"/libpng-"+version+".tar.gz",
+		checksum,
+		pkg.TarGzip,
+	), nil, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
+		Zlib,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[Libpng] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibpng,
+
+		Name:        "libpng",
+		Description: "the official PNG reference library",
+		Website:     "https://www.libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html",
+
+		Dependencies: P{
+			Zlib,
+		},
+
+		ID: 1705,
+	}
+}

internal/rosa/libtirpc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package rosa
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+)
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibtirpc() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "1.3.7"
+		checksum = "nzFfu7LNvnSNiNAryD1vtnNWnU-Xqee8KqfXUKoBf5yjb5-dkeRkYuRijdCoYLof"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libtirpc", version, t.newTagRemote(
+		"git://linux-nfs.org/~steved/libtirpc",
+		"libtirpc-"+
+			strings.Join(strings.SplitN(version, ".", 3), "-"),
+		checksum,
+	), nil, &MakeHelper{
+		Generate: "sh -e ./bootstrap",
+		Configure: []KV{
+			{"CFLAGS", `"$(pkg-config --cflags libbsd-overlay) ${CFLAGS:-}"`},
+			{"disable-gssapi"},
+		},
+	},
+		Automake,
+		Libtool,
+		PkgConfig,
+
+		Libbsd,
+		KernelHeaders,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[Libtirpc] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibtirpc,
+
+		Name:        "libtirpc",
+		Description: "a port of Suns Transport-Independent RPC library to Linux",
+		Website:     "https://sourceforge.net/projects/libtirpc/",
+
+		ID: 1740,
+	}
+}

internal/rosa/libucontext.go

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
 
 func (t Toolchain) newLibucontext() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	const (
-		version  = "1.5"
-		checksum = "Ggk7FMmDNBdCx1Z9PcNWWW6LSpjGYssn2vU0GK5BLXJYw7ZxZbA2m_eSgT9TFnIG"
+		version  = "1.5.1"
+		checksum = "mUgeyJknjMxT-5fORzz-rqhZfP3Y7EZGBhOwvhuX7MsF4Pk9wkuwtrLf5IML-jWu"
 	)
 	return t.NewPackage("libucontext", version, newFromGitHub(
 		"kaniini/libucontext",

internal/rosa/llvm.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package rosa
 
 import (
 	"regexp"
-	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -39,16 +38,23 @@ func (t Toolchain) newEarlyCompilerRT() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 		Append: []string{"compiler-rt"},
 
 		Cache: []KV{
+			{"ENABLE_LINKER_BUILD_ID", "ON"},
+
 			// libc++ not yet available
 			{"CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_TARGET", ""},
 
 			{"LLVM_HOST_TRIPLE", `"${ROSA_TRIPLE}"`},
 			{"LLVM_DEFAULT_TARGET_TRIPLE", `"${ROSA_TRIPLE}"`},
+			{"LLVM_ENABLE_RTTI", "ON"},
+			{"LLVM_BUILD_LLVM_DYLIB", "ON"},
+			{"LLVM_LINK_LLVM_DYLIB", "ON"},
 			{"LLVM_ENABLE_PER_TARGET_RUNTIME_DIR", "ON"},
 
 			{"COMPILER_RT_BUILD_BUILTINS", "ON"},
-			{"COMPILER_RT_DEFAULT_TARGET_ONLY", "OFF"},
+			{"COMPILER_RT_DEFAULT_TARGET_ONLY", "ON"},
+			{"COMPILER_RT_USE_BUILTINS_LIBRARY", "ON"},
 			{"COMPILER_RT_SANITIZERS_TO_BUILD", "asan"},
+			{"COMPILER_RT_BUILD_GWP_ASAN", "OFF"},
 
 			// does not work without libunwind
 			{"COMPILER_RT_BUILD_CTX_PROFILE", "OFF"},
@@ -99,19 +105,29 @@ func (t Toolchain) newEarlyRuntimes() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 		Append: []string{"runtimes"},
 
 		Cache: []KV{
+			{"ENABLE_LINKER_BUILD_ID", "ON"},
+
 			// libc++ not yet available
 			{"CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_WORKS", "ON"},
 
 			{"LLVM_HOST_TRIPLE", `"${ROSA_TRIPLE}"`},
 			{"LLVM_DEFAULT_TARGET_TRIPLE", `"${ROSA_TRIPLE}"`},
+			{"LLVM_ENABLE_RTTI", "ON"},
+			{"LLVM_BUILD_LLVM_DYLIB", "ON"},
+			{"LLVM_LINK_LLVM_DYLIB", "ON"},
 			{"LLVM_ENABLE_RUNTIMES", "'libunwind;libcxx;libcxxabi'"},
 
+			{"LIBUNWIND_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS", "OFF"},
 			{"LIBUNWIND_USE_COMPILER_RT", "ON"},
 			{"LIBCXX_HAS_MUSL_LIBC", "ON"},
 			{"LIBCXX_USE_COMPILER_RT", "ON"},
+			{"LIBCXX_CXX_ABI", "libcxxabi"},
+			{"LIBCXX_ENABLE_STATIC_ABI_LIBRARY", "OFF"},
+			{"LIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE", "fast"},
 			{"LIBCXX_HAS_ATOMIC_LIB", "OFF"},
 			{"LIBCXXABI_USE_COMPILER_RT", "ON"},
 			{"LIBCXXABI_USE_LLVM_UNWINDER", "ON"},
+			{"LIBCXXABI_ENABLE_STATIC_UNWINDER", "OFF"},
 			{"LIBCXXABI_HAS_CXA_THREAD_ATEXIT_IMPL", "OFF"},
 
 			{"LLVM_ENABLE_ZLIB", "FORCE_ON"},
@@ -144,11 +160,11 @@ func init() {
 func (t Toolchain) newLLVM() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	var early PArtifact = muslHeaders
 	if t.isStage0() {
-		// The LLVM build system is buggy around LLVM_LINK_LLVM_DYLIB and leaks
-		// the system installation when invoking the newly built toolchain. This
-		// is worked around in stage0 by providing standalone builds of
-		// runtimes. Later stages rely on 3-stage determinism and allows the
-		// system installation from its previous stage to leak through.
+		// The LLVM build system uses the system installation when building with
+		// LLVM_LINK_LLVM_DYLIB, since it builds runtimes after the fact, using
+		// the just-built toolchain. This is unacceptable in stage0 due to the
+		// potential version difference. Later stages bootstrap off of runtimes
+		// of its previous stage via 3-stage determinism.
 		early = earlyRuntimes
 	}
 
@@ -174,6 +190,7 @@ func (t Toolchain) newLLVM() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 		{"LLVM_ENABLE_ZLIB", "FORCE_ON"},
 		{"LLVM_ENABLE_ZSTD", "FORCE_ON"},
 		{"LLVM_ENABLE_PER_TARGET_RUNTIME_DIR", "ON"},
+		{"LLVM_INCLUDE_BENCHMARKS", "OFF"},
 		{"CLANG_DEFAULT_RTLIB", "compiler-rt"},
 		{"CLANG_DEFAULT_UNWINDLIB", "libunwind"},
 		{"CLANG_DEFAULT_CXX_STDLIB", "libc++"},
@@ -230,7 +247,7 @@ func (t Toolchain) newLLVM() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 			// unwind: fails on musl
 			"eh_frame_fde_pc_range",
 		}
-		switch runtime.GOARCH {
+		switch arch {
 		case "arm64":
 			skipChecks = append(skipChecks,
 				// LLVM: intermittently crashes
@@ -257,7 +274,9 @@ func (t Toolchain) newLLVM() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	}
 
 	version := t.Version(llvmSource)
-	return t.NewPackage("llvm", version, t.Load(llvmSource), nil, &CMakeHelper{
+	return t.NewPackage("llvm", version, t.Load(llvmSource), &PackageAttr{
+		Flag: TExclusive,
+	}, &CMakeHelper{
 		Append: []string{"llvm"},
 
 		Cache: cache,
@@ -301,8 +320,8 @@ ninja ` + jobsFlagE + ` check-all
 }
 func init() {
 	const (
-		version  = "22.1.4"
-		checksum = "Bk3t-tV5sD5T0bqefFMcLeFuAwXnhFipywZmqst5hAZs97QQWGKB_5XyAFjj5tDB"
+		version  = "22.1.5"
+		checksum = "32gOaLPHcUlo3hkdk5RbFumTE01XKeCAYZcpvn8IDHF95egXVfDFSl6eZL3ChMen"
 	)
 
 	artifactsM[llvmSource] = Metadata{

internal/rosa/llvm_patches.go

@@ -90,8 +90,23 @@ index 8ac8d4eb9181..e46b04a898ca 100644
      addSystemInclude(DriverArgs, CC1Args, ResourceDirInclude);
 `},
 
-	{"path-system-libraries", `diff --git a/clang/lib/Driver/ToolChains/Linux.cpp b/clang/lib/Driver/ToolChains/Linux.cpp
-index d525b417b4ea..fdc411f2239c 100644
+	{"path-system-libraries", `diff --git a/clang/lib/Driver/ToolChains/Gnu.cpp b/clang/lib/Driver/ToolChains/Gnu.cpp
+index cb6a9b242421..b8d31690d1af 100644
+--- a/clang/lib/Driver/ToolChains/Gnu.cpp
++++ b/clang/lib/Driver/ToolChains/Gnu.cpp
+@@ -2314,6 +2314,10 @@ void Generic_GCC::GCCInstallationDetector::AddDefaultGCCPrefixes(
+     Prefixes.push_back("/opt/rh/devtoolset-2/root/usr");
+   }
+ 
++  if (TargetTriple.getVendor() == llvm::Triple::Rosa) {
++    Prefixes.push_back(concat(SysRoot, "/system"));
++  }
++
+   // Fall back to /usr which is used by most non-Solaris systems.
+   Prefixes.push_back(concat(SysRoot, "/usr"));
+ }
+diff --git a/clang/lib/Driver/ToolChains/Linux.cpp b/clang/lib/Driver/ToolChains/Linux.cpp
+index d525b417b4ea..2b93f401733e 100644
 --- a/clang/lib/Driver/ToolChains/Linux.cpp
 +++ b/clang/lib/Driver/ToolChains/Linux.cpp
 @@ -302,6 +302,7 @@ Linux::Linux(const Driver &D, const llvm::Triple &Triple, const ArgList &Args)
@@ -102,18 +117,7 @@ index d525b417b4ea..fdc411f2239c 100644
  
    if (IsCSKY && !SelectedMultilibs.empty())
      SysRoot = SysRoot + SelectedMultilibs.back().osSuffix();
-@@ -337,12 +338,23 @@ Linux::Linux(const Driver &D, const llvm::Triple &Triple, const ArgList &Args)
-   const std::string OSLibDir = std::string(getOSLibDir(Triple, Args));
-   const std::string MultiarchTriple = getMultiarchTriple(D, Triple, SysRoot);
- 
-+  if (IsRosa) {
-+    ExtraOpts.push_back("-rpath");
-+    ExtraOpts.push_back("/system/lib");
-+    ExtraOpts.push_back("-rpath");
-+    ExtraOpts.push_back(concat("/system/lib", Triple.str()));
-+  }
-+
-   // mips32: Debian multilib, we use /libo32, while in other case, /lib is
+@@ -341,8 +342,12 @@ Linux::Linux(const Driver &D, const llvm::Triple &Triple, const ArgList &Args)
    // used. We need add both libo32 and /lib.
    if (Arch == llvm::Triple::mips || Arch == llvm::Triple::mipsel) {
      Generic_GCC::AddMultilibPaths(D, SysRoot, "libo32", MultiarchTriple, Paths);
@@ -128,7 +132,7 @@ index d525b417b4ea..fdc411f2239c 100644
    }
    Generic_GCC::AddMultilibPaths(D, SysRoot, OSLibDir, MultiarchTriple, Paths);
  
-@@ -360,18 +372,30 @@ Linux::Linux(const Driver &D, const llvm::Triple &Triple, const ArgList &Args)
+@@ -360,18 +365,30 @@ Linux::Linux(const Driver &D, const llvm::Triple &Triple, const ArgList &Args)
          Paths);
    }
  
@@ -164,7 +168,7 @@ index d525b417b4ea..fdc411f2239c 100644
  }
  
  ToolChain::RuntimeLibType Linux::GetDefaultRuntimeLibType() const {
-@@ -572,6 +596,9 @@ std::string Linux::getDynamicLinker(const ArgList &Args) const {
+@@ -572,6 +589,9 @@ std::string Linux::getDynamicLinker(const ArgList &Args) const {
      return Triple.isArch64Bit() ? "/system/bin/linker64" : "/system/bin/linker";
    }
    if (Triple.isMusl()) {
@@ -174,18 +178,5 @@ index d525b417b4ea..fdc411f2239c 100644
      std::string ArchName;
      bool IsArm = false;
  
-diff --git a/clang/tools/clang-installapi/Options.cpp b/clang/tools/clang-installapi/Options.cpp
-index f484d6f33ad8..dca55e72d67e 100644
---- a/clang/tools/clang-installapi/Options.cpp
-+++ b/clang/tools/clang-installapi/Options.cpp
-@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ bool Options::processFrontendOptions(InputArgList &Args) {
-     FEOpts.FwkPaths = std::move(FrameworkPaths);
- 
-   // Add default framework/library paths.
--  PathSeq DefaultLibraryPaths = {"/usr/lib", "/usr/local/lib"};
-+  PathSeq DefaultLibraryPaths = {"/usr/lib", "/system/lib", "/usr/local/lib"};
-   PathSeq DefaultFrameworkPaths = {"/Library/Frameworks",
-                                    "/System/Library/Frameworks"};
- 
 `},
 }

internal/rosa/lm-sensors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package rosa
+
+import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLMSensors() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "3-6-2"
+		checksum = "7JYNutrihe-FP6r3ftf96uFZJJWPfxnBHL0ALSMA-vovaXVRr-sAjlLitw7WWpCI"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("lm_sensors", version, newFromGitHub(
+		"lm-sensors/lm-sensors",
+		"V"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), &PackageAttr{
+		Writable:    true,
+		Chmod:       true,
+		EnterSource: true,
+
+		ScriptEarly: `
+ln -s \
+	../../system/bin/perl \
+	/usr/bin/
+`,
+	}, &MakeHelper{
+		InPlace:       true,
+		SkipConfigure: true,
+
+		Make: []string{
+			"CC=cc",
+			"ETCDIR=/system/etc",
+			"PREFIX=/system",
+		},
+
+		Check: []string{
+			"CC=cc",
+			"check",
+		},
+
+		Install: "make DESTDIR=/work PREFIX=/system install",
+	},
+		Perl,
+		PerlTestCmd,
+
+		M4,
+		Bison,
+		Flex,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[LMSensors] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLMSensors,
+
+		Name:        "lm_sensors",
+		Description: "user-space support for hardware monitoring drivers",
+		Website:     "https://hwmon.wiki.kernel.org/lm_sensors",
+
+		ID: 1831,
+	}
+}

internal/rosa/mesa.go

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package rosa
 
-import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+)
 
 func (t Toolchain) newLibglvnd() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	const (
@@ -12,8 +16,22 @@ func (t Toolchain) newLibglvnd() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 		"glvnd/libglvnd",
 		"v"+version,
 		checksum,
-	), nil, (*MesonHelper)(nil),
+	), nil, &MesonHelper{
+		Setup: []KV{
+			{"Dx11", "enabled"},
+			{"Dglx", "enabled"},
+		},
+		ScriptCompiled: `
+export DISPLAY=':0'
+Xvfb &
+XVFB_PID="$!"
+trap 'kill $XVFB_PID && wait $XVFB_PID' EXIT
+`,
+	},
 		Binutils, // symbols check fail with llvm nm
+		Xserver,  // test suite wants X server
+
+		LibXext,
 	), version
 }
 func init() {
@@ -24,6 +42,10 @@ func init() {
 		Description: "The GL Vendor-Neutral Dispatch library",
 		Website:     "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/glvnd/libglvnd",
 
+		Dependencies: P{
+			LibXext,
+		},
+
 		ID: 12098,
 	}
 }
@@ -64,3 +86,180 @@ func init() {
 		ID: 1596,
 	}
 }
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibva() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "2.23.0"
+		checksum = "UmF5tPyWIG_w5kiR3KFpoYbF7UUcaak5tyc-RhOheNTwQlLkPlifreFYCM9FQxbq"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libva", version, newFromGitHub(
+		"intel/libva",
+		version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil, &MesonHelper{
+		Setup: []KV{
+			{"Dwith_x11", "yes"},
+			{"Dwith_glx", "yes"},
+			{"Dwith_wayland", "yes"},
+		},
+	},
+		Libdrm,
+		LibXfixes,
+		Libglvnd,
+		Wayland,
+		KernelHeaders,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[Libva] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibva,
+
+		Name:        "libva",
+		Description: "an implementation for VA-API (Video Acceleration API)",
+		Website:     "https://01.org/vaapi",
+
+		Dependencies: P{
+			Libdrm,
+			LibXfixes,
+			Libglvnd,
+			Wayland,
+		},
+
+		ID: 1752,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t Toolchain) newMesa() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "26.1.0"
+		checksum = "zU0fjqevySBaoi_5SLW3e2UffmGeBdxOuHmAHTH68n2hV-sjYoqg30koLqFXuk5y"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("mesa", version, newFromGitLab(
+		"gitlab.freedesktop.org",
+		"mesa/mesa",
+		"mesa-"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil, &MesonHelper{
+		Setup: []KV{
+			{"Dplatforms", "x11,wayland"},
+			{"Dvideo-codecs", "all"},
+
+			{"Dglvnd", "enabled"},
+			{"Dgbm", "enabled"},
+
+			{"Dgallium-drivers", strings.Join([]string{
+				"asahi",     // Apple AGX
+				"crocus",    // Intel legacy
+				"etnaviv",   // Vivante GPU designs (mostly NXP/Marvell SoCs)
+				"freedreno", // Qualcomm Adreno (all Qualcomm SoCs)
+				"i915",      // Intel extra legacy
+				"iris",      // new Intel (Broadwell+)
+				"lima",      // ARM Mali 4xx
+				"llvmpipe",  // software renderer
+				"nouveau",   // Nvidia
+				"panfrost",  // ARM Mali Midgard and up (T/G series)
+				"r300",      // very old AMD
+				"r600",      // less old AMD
+				"radeonsi",  // new AMD (GCN+)
+				"softpipe",  // older software renderer
+				"svga",      // VMWare virtualized GPU
+				"tegra",     // Nvidia Tegra SoCs
+				"v3d",       // Broadcom VC5 (Raspberry Pi 4)
+				"vc4",       // Broadcom VC4 (Raspberry Pi 0-3)
+				"virgl",     // QEMU virtualized GPU (aka VirGL)
+				"zink",      // generic OpenGL over Vulkan, experimental
+
+				// d3d12: WSL emulated GPU (aka Dozen)
+				// ethosu: accelerator
+				// rocket: accelerator
+			}, ",")},
+
+			{"Dvulkan-drivers", strings.Join([]string{
+				"amd",         // AMD (aka RADV)
+				"broadcom",    // Broadcom VC5 (Raspberry Pi 4, aka V3D)
+				"freedreno",   // Qualcomm Adreno (all Qualcomm SoCs)
+				"intel",       // new Intel (aka ANV)
+				"intel_hasvk", // Intel Haswell/Broadwell, "legacy" Vulkan driver (https://www.phoronix.com/news/Intel-HasVK-Drop-Dead-Code)
+				"panfrost",    // ARM Mali Midgard and up (T/G series)
+				"swrast",      // software renderer (aka Lavapipe)
+				"virtio",      // QEMU virtualized GPU (aka VirGL)
+				"imagination", // PowerVR Rogue
+				"asahi",       // Apple AGX
+				"gfxstream",   // Android virtualized GPU
+
+				// nouveau: Nouveau (aka NVK), requires rust
+				// microsoft-experimental: WSL virtualized GPU (aka DZN/Dozen)
+				// kosmickrisp: macOS-specific
+			}, ",")},
+			{"Dvulkan-layers", strings.Join([]string{
+				"device-select",
+				"intel-nullhw",
+				"overlay",
+				"screenshot",
+				"anti-lag",
+				"vram-report-limit",
+			}, ",")},
+
+			{"Dfreedreno-kmds", "msm,virtio"},
+			{"Damdgpu-virtio", "true"},
+		},
+	},
+		M4,
+		PythonPackaging,
+		PythonMako,
+		PythonPyYAML,
+		PythonPycparser,
+		Glslang,
+		SPIRVLLVMTranslator,
+
+		Zlib,
+		Zstd,
+		Gzip,
+		Ncurses,
+		Libglvnd,
+		Libexpat,
+		Libva,
+		Libdrm,
+		Elfutils,
+		Bison,
+		Flex,
+		LMSensors,
+		Libconfig,
+		LibdisplayInfo,
+		Wayland,
+		WaylandProtocols,
+		Libxshmfence,
+		LibXxf86vm,
+		LibXrandr,
+		LibxcbUtilKeysyms,
+		Libpng,
+		Libarchive,
+		KernelHeaders,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[Mesa] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newMesa,
+
+		Name:        "mesa",
+		Description: "open source implementations of OpenGL, OpenGL ES, Vulkan, OpenCL, and more",
+		Website:     "https://mesa3d.org",
+
+		Dependencies: P{
+			Libdrm,
+			Elfutils,
+			LMSensors,
+			LibdisplayInfo,
+			Wayland,
+			Libxshmfence,
+			LibXxf86vm,
+			LibXrandr,
+			LibxcbUtilKeysyms,
+			Libpng,
+		},
+
+		ID: 1970,
+
+		latest: (*Versions).getStable,
+	}
+}

internal/rosa/meson.go

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ cd "$(mktemp -d)"
 meson setup \
 	` + strings.Join(slices.Collect(func(yield func(string) bool) {
 		for _, v := range append([]KV{
-			{"wrap-mode", "nodownload"},
+			{"wrap-mode", "nofallback"},
 			{"prefix", "/system"},
 			{"buildtype", "release"},
 		}, attr.Setup...) {

internal/rosa/mksh.go

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ func (t Toolchain) newMksh() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 		version  = "59c"
 		checksum = "0Zj-k4nXEu3IuJY4lvwD2OrC2t27GdZj8SPy4DoaeuBRH1padWb7oREpYgwY8JNq"
 	)
+	scriptTest := "./test.sh -C regress:no-ctty\n"
+	if presetOpts&OptSkipCheck != 0 {
+		scriptTest = ""
+	}
 	return t.New("mksh-"+version, 0, t.AppendPresets(nil,
 		Perl,
 		Coreutils,
@@ -18,8 +22,7 @@ cd "$(mktemp -d)"
 sh /usr/src/mksh/Build.sh -r
 CPPFLAGS="${CPPFLAGS} -DMKSH_BINSHPOSIX -DMKSH_BINSHREDUCED" \
 sh /usr/src/mksh/Build.sh -r -L
-./test.sh -C regress:no-ctty
-
+`+scriptTest+`
 mkdir -p /work/system/bin/
 cp -v mksh /work/system/bin/
 cp -v lksh /work/system/bin/sh

internal/rosa/musl.go

@@ -53,6 +53,23 @@ rmdir -v /work/lib
 		Chmod: true,
 
 		Env: env,
+
+		Patches: []KV{
+			{"ldso-rosa", `diff --git a/ldso/dynlink.c b/ldso/dynlink.c
+index 715948f4..c2fece68 100644
+--- a/ldso/dynlink.c
++++ b/ldso/dynlink.c
+@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ static struct dso *load_library(const char *name, struct dso *needed_by)
+ 					sys_path = "";
+ 				}
+ 			}
+-			if (!sys_path) sys_path = "/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/lib";
++			if (!sys_path) sys_path = "/system/lib:/system/lib/" LDSO_ARCH "-rosa-linux-musl:/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/lib";
+ 			fd = path_open(name, sys_path, buf, sizeof buf);
+ 		}
+ 		pathname = buf;
+`},
+		},
 	}, &helper,
 		Coreutils,
 	), version

internal/rosa/perl.go

@@ -382,3 +382,27 @@ func init() {
 		ID: 3549,
 	}
 }
+
+func (t Toolchain) newPerlTestCmd() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "1.09"
+		checksum = "gpGUwyC9IozDiYSgW_kXARNfXsTPFa6cTowJmmCBbPqcs2-pONZca_SB06FGy-7H"
+	)
+	return t.newViaPerlMakeMaker("Test::Cmd", version, newFromCPAN(
+		"NEILB",
+		"Test-Cmd",
+		version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[PerlTestCmd] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newPerlTestCmd,
+
+		Name:        "perl-Test::Cmd",
+		Description: "portable testing of commands and scripts",
+		Website:     "https://metacpan.org/release/Test-Cmd",
+
+		ID: 6014,
+	}
+}

internal/rosa/pixman.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package rosa
+
+import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+
+func (t Toolchain) newPixman() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "0.46.4"
+		checksum = "iECDxLG9SxUrvGHqeDoaBa-b3uqdT5DC4zudjtrwb8Wodq82pyacmFNEAo4SDsiE"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("pixman", version, newFromGitLab(
+		"gitlab.freedesktop.org",
+		"pixman/pixman",
+		"pixman-"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil, &MesonHelper{
+		Setup: []KV{
+			{"Dtests", "enabled"},
+		},
+	}), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[Pixman] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newPixman,
+
+		Name:        "pixman",
+		Description: "a low-level software library for pixel manipulation",
+		Website:     "https://pixman.org/",
+
+		ID: 3648,
+	}
+}

internal/rosa/python.go

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import (
 
 func (t Toolchain) newPython() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	const (
-		version  = "3.14.4"
-		checksum = "X0VRAAGOlCVldh4J9tRAE-YrJtDvqfQTJaqxKPXNX6YTPlwpR9GwA5WRIZDO-63s"
+		version  = "3.14.5"
+		checksum = "zYIpDlk2ftZ-UVGCQS1rthle2OHoyXV653ztWiopKV1NhmIJf1K2hHbkwM4DozQ9"
 	)
 	return t.NewPackage("python", version, newTar(
 		"https://www.python.org/ftp/python/"+version+
@@ -395,8 +395,8 @@ func init() {
 
 func init() {
 	const (
-		version  = "2026.4.28.13"
-		checksum = "Z3MbmMXtmWHCM3-EvJehb9MzDqX7Ce_Xg86D5g5nxFRWMKqwHwnQ8R-AlKf-32HU"
+		version  = "2026.5.7.17"
+		checksum = "1Fcps0gK9P4ofwGL8MISN9k1Q40-quxX7NDpIna50TmziBNrZy-0Vz0I9yIeHCoP"
 	)
 	artifactsM[PythonTroveClassifiers] = newPythonPackage(
 		"trove-classifiers", 88298,
@@ -584,3 +584,24 @@ func init() {
 		}, P{PythonSetuptools},
 	)
 }
+
+func init() {
+	const (
+		version  = "3.00"
+		checksum = "4qfCMFKp0fLsRsloOAF780tXX_Ce_68RwinCmjNGObAX32WpF_iBafIKW1S1bYlA"
+	)
+	artifactsM[PythonPycparser] = newPythonPackage(
+		"pycparser", 8175,
+		"complete C99 parser in pure Python",
+		"https://github.com/eliben/pycparser",
+		version, newFromGitHub(
+			"eliben/pycparser",
+			"release_v"+version, checksum,
+		), &PackageAttr{
+			// test case hard codes gcc
+			ScriptEarly: `
+ln -s clang /system/bin/gcc
+`,
+		}, nil, P{PythonSetuptools},
+	)
+}

internal/rosa/qemu.go

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ EOF
 			{"disable-download"},
 			{"disable-docs"},
 
+			{"static"},
 			{"target-list-exclude", "" +
 				// fails to load firmware
 				"ppc-linux-user," +

internal/rosa/rosa.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ package rosa
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"path"
-	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -54,10 +53,9 @@ var (
 	AbsSystem = fhs.AbsRoot.Append("system")
 )
 
-// linuxArch returns the architecture name used by linux corresponding to
-// [runtime.GOARCH].
+// linuxArch returns the architecture name used by linux corresponding to arch.
 func linuxArch() string {
-	switch runtime.GOARCH {
+	switch arch {
 	case "amd64":
 		return "x86_64"
 	case "arm64":
@@ -66,11 +64,11 @@ func linuxArch() string {
 		return "riscv64"
 
 	default:
-		panic("unsupported target " + runtime.GOARCH)
+		panic("unsupported target " + arch)
 	}
 }
 
-// triplet returns the Rosa OS host triple corresponding to [runtime.GOARCH].
+// triplet returns the Rosa OS host triple corresponding to arch.
 func triplet() string {
 	return linuxArch() + "-rosa-linux-musl"
 }
@@ -80,9 +78,9 @@ type perArch[T any] map[string]T
 
 // unwrap returns the value for the current architecture.
 func (p perArch[T]) unwrap() T {
-	v, ok := p[runtime.GOARCH]
+	v, ok := p[arch]
 	if !ok {
-		panic("unsupported target " + runtime.GOARCH)
+		panic("unsupported target " + arch)
 	}
 	return v
 }
@@ -222,6 +220,8 @@ const (
 	TEarly
 	// TNoToolchain excludes the LLVM toolchain.
 	TNoToolchain
+	// THostNet arranges for a [pkg.KindExecNet] to be created.
+	THostNet
 )
 
 var (
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ func (t Toolchain) New(
 		support = append(support, extra...)
 		support = append(support, cureEtc{})
 		if t == toolchainStage0 {
-			support = append(support, NewStage0())
+			support = append(support, t.Load(stage0Dist))
 		} else {
 			support = append(support, _toolchainBusybox.New("gentoo", 0, nil, nil, nil, `
 tar -C /work -xf /usr/src/stage3.tar.xz
@@ -327,7 +327,9 @@ mkdir -vp /work/system/bin
 	}
 
 	return pkg.NewExec(
-		name, knownChecksum, pkg.ExecTimeoutMax, flag&TExclusive != 0,
+		name, arch, knownChecksum, pkg.ExecTimeoutMax,
+		flag&THostNet != 0,
+		flag&TExclusive != 0,
 		fhs.AbsRoot, env,
 		AbsSystem.Append("bin", "sh"),
 		[]string{"sh", absCureScript.String()},
@@ -410,6 +412,9 @@ type Helper interface {
 
 // PackageAttr holds build-system-agnostic attributes.
 type PackageAttr struct {
+	// Measure output if populated. Required by [THostNet].
+	KnownChecksum *pkg.Checksum
+
 	// Mount the source tree writable.
 	Writable bool
 	// Do not pass through [Toolchain.NewPatchedSource].
@@ -547,7 +552,7 @@ cd '/usr/src/` + name + `/'
 		name+"-"+version,
 		attr.Flag,
 		extraRes,
-		nil,
+		attr.KnownChecksum,
 		attr.Env,
 		scriptEarly+helper.script(name),
 		slices.Concat(attr.Paths, []pkg.ExecPath{

internal/rosa/rosa_test.go

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ var (
 )
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
-	rosa.DropCaches(rosa.OptLLVMNoLTO)
+	rosa.DropCaches("", rosa.OptLLVMNoLTO)
 	container.TryArgv0(nil)
 
 	code := m.Run()
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func getCache(t *testing.T) *pkg.Cache {
 			msg := message.New(log.New(os.Stderr, "rosa: ", 0))
 			msg.SwapVerbose(true)
 
-			if buildTestCache, err = pkg.Open(ctx, msg, 0, 0, 0, a); err != nil {
+			if buildTestCache, err = pkg.Open(ctx, msg, pkg.CSuppressInit, 0, 0, a); err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
 		}
@@ -94,14 +94,14 @@ func TestCureAll(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func BenchmarkStage3(b *testing.B) {
-	flags := rosa.Flags()
-	b.Cleanup(func() { rosa.DropCaches(flags) })
+	arch, flags := rosa.Arch(), rosa.Flags()
+	b.Cleanup(func() { rosa.DropCaches(arch, flags) })
 
 	for b.Loop() {
 		rosa.Std.Load(rosa.LLVM)
 
 		b.StopTimer()
-		rosa.DropCaches(0)
+		rosa.DropCaches("", 0)
 		b.StartTimer()
 	}
 }

internal/rosa/stage0.go

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 package rosa
 
 import (
-	"sync"
-
 	"hakurei.app/fhs"
 	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
 )
@@ -32,25 +30,32 @@ func init() {
 	}
 }
 
-var (
-	// stage0 stores the tarball unpack artifact.
-	stage0 pkg.Artifact
-	// stage0Once is for lazy initialisation of stage0.
-	stage0Once sync.Once
-)
+func init() {
+	const version = "20260504"
+	artifactsM[stage0Dist] = Metadata{
+		f: func(Toolchain) (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+			return newTar(
+				"https://hakurei.app/seed/"+version+"/"+
+					"stage0-"+triplet()+".tar.bz2",
+				perArch[string]{
+					"amd64":   "IQjFDkiAVLo1XzflgMMiLP3gnVY2hhDMTzl-QqJDCQhcLQ3lLtRzjI5WCxGyW_lk",
+					"arm64":   "6fmwl2Umx2QssKQvxxb1JOGkAjzfA_MXKku0jVdGjYGb35OvwEVA5NYtd0HIy3yH",
+					"riscv64": "Z2ODV0rIoo9iQRUIu35bsaOBeXc_9qQfGcyb2aGneatzNUJlXh5emSpEV2bOklUL",
+				}.unwrap(),
+				pkg.TarBzip2,
+			), version
+		},
 
-// NewStage0 returns a stage0 distribution created from curing [Stage0].
-func NewStage0() pkg.Artifact {
-	stage0Once.Do(func() {
-		stage0 = newTar(
-			"https://hakurei.app/seed/20260429/"+
-				"stage0-"+triplet()+".tar.bz2",
-			perArch[string]{
-				"amd64": "ldz-WkSx2wxUK4ndi-tlaaU8ykOowbpGRcBsciAcIDdnX6-QfzQg_se3lsZYuzuK",
-				"arm64": "_mo39S_sgzPYaIQ_Wi13O46KPQuWqCCiZdildpz6a8MTh2khIt68tNIulyUGBV2z",
-			}.unwrap(),
-			pkg.TarBzip2,
-		)
-	})
-	return stage0
+		Name:        "stage0-dist",
+		Description: "Rosa OS stage0 bootstrap seed",
+	}
+}
+
+// HasStage0 returns whether a stage0 distribution is available.
+func HasStage0() (ok bool) {
+	func() {
+		defer func() { ok = recover() == nil }()
+		toolchainStage0.Load(stage0Dist)
+	}()
+	return
 }

internal/rosa/tamago.go

@@ -1,15 +1,11 @@
 package rosa
 
-import (
-	"runtime"
-
-	"hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
-)
+import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
 
 func (t Toolchain) newTamaGo() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	const (
-		version  = "1.26.2"
-		checksum = "5xlhWq2NGhYCjt0y73QkydJ386lxg6-HkiO84ne6ByQSJBDat7-HSVzNA6jy7Laz"
+		version  = "1.26.3"
+		checksum = "-nH3MjAzDDLTeJ2hRKYJcJwo5-Ikci4zOHfB8j1vKn7zrF9TS6zYaoLi8qohGwAE"
 	)
 	return t.New("tamago-go"+version, 0, t.AppendPresets(nil,
 		Bash,
@@ -26,7 +22,7 @@ chmod -R +w ..
 
 sed -i \
 	's,/lib/ld-musl-`+linuxArch()+`.so.1,/system/bin/linker,' \
-	cmd/link/internal/`+runtime.GOARCH+`/obj.go
+	cmd/link/internal/`+arch+`/obj.go
 sed -i \
 	's/cpu.X86.HasAVX512VBMI/& \&\& cpu.X86.HasPOPCNT/' \
 	internal/runtime/gc/scan/scan_amd64.go

internal/rosa/vim.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package rosa
+
+import "hakurei.app/internal/pkg"
+
+func (t Toolchain) newVIM() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "9.2.0461"
+		checksum = "18Rr_5oIf_PkKuqVkN4CMZIGkZEgpN1vamlrsvPLBjn4mN98CRuoJmhzRZ7MoVYM"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("vim", version, newFromGitHub(
+		"vim/vim",
+		"v"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), &PackageAttr{
+		Chmod:       true,
+		Writable:    true,
+		EnterSource: true,
+	}, &MakeHelper{
+		InPlace: true,
+		Configure: []KV{
+			{"with-tlib", "ncursesw"},
+		},
+		Check: []string{"test"},
+
+		// very expensive
+		SkipCheck: true,
+	},
+		Ncurses,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[VIM] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newVIM,
+
+		Name:        "vim",
+		Description: "a greatly improved version of the good old UNIX editor Vi",
+		Website:     "https://www.vim.org",
+
+		Dependencies: P{
+			Ncurses,
+		},
+
+		ID: 5092,
+	}
+}

internal/rosa/x.go

@@ -186,6 +186,166 @@ func init() {
 	}
 }
 
+func (t Toolchain) newLibxcbUtilKeysyms() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "0.4.1"
+		checksum = "-EEje12UEjtFBuIjb6Fy4cxEghV20BXwQ1BLvhtvSuVcrFkp_X-ZHRM48wAspXZ4"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libxcb-util-keysyms", version, newTar(
+		"https://xcb.freedesktop.org/dist/xcb-util-keysyms-"+version+".tar.gz",
+		checksum,
+		pkg.TarGzip,
+	), nil, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
+		PkgConfig,
+
+		XCB,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[LibxcbUtilKeysyms] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibxcbUtilKeysyms,
+
+		Name:        "libxcb-util-keysyms",
+		Description: "standard X key constants and conversion to/from keycodes",
+		Website:     "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libxcb-keysyms",
+
+		Dependencies: P{
+			XCB,
+		},
+
+		ID: 5168,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibxcbUtilImage() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "0.4.1"
+		checksum = "47pvXmFwaUBZIrJ4CE9xjTQIFyxeqoNAL-DshlB11GZ_jjI3G1a6KF0K7mtBQ1E7"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libxcb-util-image", version, newTar(
+		"https://xcb.freedesktop.org/dist/xcb-util-image-"+version+".tar.gz",
+		checksum,
+		pkg.TarGzip,
+	), nil, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
+		PkgConfig,
+
+		LibxcbUtil,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[LibxcbUtilImage] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibxcbUtilImage,
+
+		Name:        "libxcb-util-image",
+		Description: "XCB port of Xlib's XImage and XShmImage functions",
+		Website:     "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libxcb-image",
+
+		Dependencies: P{
+			LibxcbUtil,
+		},
+
+		ID: 5168,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibxcbUtilWM() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "0.4.2"
+		checksum = "g0VZgMU9hcIgyXb3XxBR9xqsvUMBd9qt_Dbmwoj2h5y24pODr_S_D0DhRsuXUNjF"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libxcb-util-wm", version, newTar(
+		"https://xcb.freedesktop.org/dist/xcb-util-wm-"+version+".tar.gz",
+		checksum,
+		pkg.TarGzip,
+	), nil, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
+		M4,
+		PkgConfig,
+
+		XCB,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[LibxcbUtilWM] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibxcbUtilWM,
+
+		Name:        "libxcb-util-wm",
+		Description: "XCB client and window-manager helpers for ICCCM & EWMH",
+		Website:     "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libxcb-wm",
+
+		Dependencies: P{
+			XCB,
+		},
+
+		ID: 5170,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibxcbUtil() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "0.4.1"
+		checksum = "YMXGQUQbF6PoEAGflvYnJYsLWjti6sL_ifY47wIXTNGVM3tQ8u41nkBYN4K1D5CD"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libxcb-util", version, newTar(
+		"https://www.x.org/releases/individual/xcb/"+
+			"xcb-util-"+version+".tar.gz",
+		checksum,
+		pkg.TarGzip,
+	), nil, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
+		PkgConfig,
+
+		utilMacros,
+		XCB,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[LibxcbUtil] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibxcbUtil,
+
+		Name:        "libxcb-util",
+		Description: "XCB utility libraries",
+		Website:     "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libxcb-util",
+
+		Dependencies: P{
+			XCB,
+		},
+
+		ID: 5165,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibxcbRenderUtil() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "0.3.10"
+		checksum = "n08L8PyCoOd7v2vb6fSVq5Pq6JtteXVh9K2wrQMTNwGMf_Fjpi6i3HWF-TMFSVTI"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libxcb-render-util", version, newTar(
+		"https://www.x.org/releases/individual/xcb/"+
+			"xcb-util-renderutil-"+version+".tar.gz",
+		checksum,
+		pkg.TarGzip,
+	), nil, (*MakeHelper)(nil),
+		PkgConfig,
+
+		utilMacros,
+		XCB,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[LibxcbRenderUtil] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibxcbRenderUtil,
+
+		Name:        "libxcb-render-util",
+		Description: "XCB convenience functions for the Render extension",
+		Website:     "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libxcb-render-util",
+
+		Dependencies: P{
+			XCB,
+		},
+
+		ID: 5169,
+	}
+}
+
 func (t Toolchain) newLibX11() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	const (
 		version  = "1.8.13"
@@ -267,6 +427,81 @@ func init() {
 	}
 }
 
+func (t Toolchain) newLibXfixes() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "6.0.2"
+		checksum = "_-kJfKZ7cE3NNeMr6NLSXCmsyP7MVEHVPLNfxatz2qBy3_fZJvPMQwZNOC9y6V5L"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libXfixes", version, newFromGitLab(
+		"gitlab.freedesktop.org",
+		"xorg/lib/libxfixes",
+		"libXfixes-"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil, &MakeHelper{
+		Generate: "NOCONFIGURE=1 ./autogen.sh",
+	},
+		Automake,
+		Libtool,
+		PkgConfig,
+
+		utilMacros,
+		XorgProto,
+		LibX11,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[LibXfixes] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibXfixes,
+
+		Name:        "libXfixes",
+		Description: "Xlib-based library for the XFIXES Extension",
+		Website:     "https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/FixesExt/",
+
+		Dependencies: P{
+			LibX11,
+		},
+
+		ID: 1775,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibXrender() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "0.9.12"
+		checksum = "s6nWn-r17X_W-7anaS7wIcq5_Levf9zAigwJDD9Klp-cCJTVDhLo7GufuVOrxVP0"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libXrender", version, newFromGitLab(
+		"gitlab.freedesktop.org",
+		"xorg/lib/libxrender",
+		"libXrender-"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil, &MakeHelper{
+		Generate: "NOCONFIGURE=1 ./autogen.sh",
+	},
+		Automake,
+		Libtool,
+		PkgConfig,
+
+		utilMacros,
+		LibX11,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[LibXrender] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibXrender,
+
+		Name:        "libXrender",
+		Description: "Xlib library for the Render Extension to the X11 protocol",
+		Website:     "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libxrender",
+
+		Dependencies: P{
+			LibX11,
+		},
+
+		ID: 1789,
+	}
+}
+
 func (t Toolchain) newLibxshmfence() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	const (
 		version  = "1.3.3"
@@ -300,6 +535,342 @@ func init() {
 	}
 }
 
+func (t Toolchain) newLibXxf86vm() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "1.1.7"
+		checksum = "mS4cgKWrwz6M1Lb6Qu4ZVh8Xn2Ca_4HXPxr3LDad4iYY1LecZfeLUPW1hkp6amX_"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libXxf86vm", version, newFromGitLab(
+		"gitlab.freedesktop.org",
+		"xorg/lib/libxxf86vm",
+		"libXxf86vm-"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil, &MakeHelper{
+		Generate: "NOCONFIGURE=1 ./autogen.sh",
+	},
+		Automake,
+		Libtool,
+		PkgConfig,
+
+		utilMacros,
+		LibXext,
+		XorgProto,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[LibXxf86vm] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibXxf86vm,
+
+		Name:        "libXxf86vm",
+		Description: "Xlib-based library for the XFree86-VidMode X extension",
+		Website:     "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libxxf86vm",
+
+		Dependencies: P{
+			LibXext,
+		},
+
+		ID: 1799,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibXrandr() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "1.5.5"
+		checksum = "OF7C7VC5MwnFue9UX5UnIkG1PIWvn9bBMq6d4mVyJJ_rcF0w4Kedn1lfxBsXEKAP"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libXrandr", version, newFromGitLab(
+		"gitlab.freedesktop.org",
+		"xorg/lib/libxrandr",
+		"libXrandr-"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil, &MakeHelper{
+		Generate: "NOCONFIGURE=1 ./autogen.sh",
+	},
+		Automake,
+		Libtool,
+		PkgConfig,
+
+		utilMacros,
+		LibXext,
+		LibXrender,
+		XorgProto,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[LibXrandr] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibXrandr,
+
+		Name:        "libXrandr",
+		Description: "Xlib Resize, Rotate and Reflection (RandR) extension library",
+		Website:     "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libxrandr",
+
+		Dependencies: P{
+			LibXext,
+			LibXrender,
+		},
+
+		ID: 1788,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t Toolchain) newFontUtil() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "1.4.2"
+		checksum = "YWiaIxkq-N2yNdbGa_RF1S0UkQq6xsgoRT73WZP2DOmyH_CJ0TAkpQjId657MQmh"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("font-util", version, newFromGitLab(
+		"gitlab.freedesktop.org",
+		"xorg/font/util",
+		"font-util-"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil, &MakeHelper{
+		Generate: "NOCONFIGURE=1 ./autogen.sh",
+	},
+		Automake,
+		Libtool,
+		PkgConfig,
+
+		utilMacros,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[FontUtil] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newFontUtil,
+
+		Name:        "font-util",
+		Description: "X.Org font package creation/installation utilities",
+		Website:     "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/font/util",
+
+		ID: 15055,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibfontenc() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "1.1.9"
+		checksum = "XqosXfbVwaoYzG9vVyRCl3eatwjASoJdLZsxQ37NN8S_jTyqNmbxpRSJGImJj7RS"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libfontenc", version, newFromGitLab(
+		"gitlab.freedesktop.org",
+		"xorg/lib/libfontenc",
+		"libfontenc-"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil, &MakeHelper{
+		Generate: "NOCONFIGURE=1 ./autogen.sh",
+	},
+		Automake,
+		Libtool,
+		PkgConfig,
+
+		utilMacros,
+		FontUtil,
+		XorgProto,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[Libfontenc] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibfontenc,
+
+		Name:        "libfontenc",
+		Description: "X font encoding library",
+		Website:     "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libfontenc",
+
+		ID: 1613,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibxkbfile() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "1.2.0"
+		checksum = "WUtph1ab0AyATahlwljchBxZJcpjYrjyhCK9DW2VO0uXEXaN22GWmUaibcA83i_B"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libxkbfile", version, newFromGitLab(
+		"gitlab.freedesktop.org",
+		"xorg/lib/libxkbfile",
+		"libxkbfile-"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil, (*MesonHelper)(nil),
+		LibX11,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[Libxkbfile] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibxkbfile,
+
+		Name:        "libxkbfile",
+		Description: "XKB file handling routines",
+		Website:     "http://www.x.org/wiki/XKB",
+
+		Dependencies: P{
+			LibX11,
+		},
+
+		ID: 1781,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t Toolchain) newXkbcomp() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "1.5.0"
+		checksum = "ttICW8ZPbljI-nw2kknvxFhwFoDK40iAMBeZDLAHYsHf3B6UPO_zc9TpzZYRRyZH"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("xkbcomp", version, newFromGitLab(
+		"gitlab.freedesktop.org",
+		"xorg/app/xkbcomp",
+		"xkbcomp-"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil, &MakeHelper{
+		Generate: "NOCONFIGURE=1 ./autogen.sh",
+	},
+		Automake,
+		Libtool,
+		PkgConfig,
+		Bison,
+
+		utilMacros,
+		Libxkbfile,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[Xkbcomp] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newXkbcomp,
+
+		Name:        "xkbcomp",
+		Description: "XKB keyboard description compiler",
+		Website:     "http://www.x.org/wiki/XKB",
+
+		Dependencies: P{
+			Libxkbfile,
+		},
+
+		ID: 15018,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibXfont2() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "2.0.7"
+		checksum = "jv9BZNA02493KB8j1lfAErF5SA3ZFcAhm3_UVJ--Bp1maz-vNprl_wXpkHApBi9M"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libXfont2", version, newFromGitLab(
+		"gitlab.freedesktop.org",
+		"xorg/lib/libxfont",
+		"libXfont2-"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil, &MakeHelper{
+		Generate: "NOCONFIGURE=1 ./autogen.sh",
+	},
+		Automake,
+		Libtool,
+		PkgConfig,
+
+		utilMacros,
+		Freetype,
+		XorgProto,
+		Libxtrans,
+		Libfontenc,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[LibXfont2] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibXfont2,
+
+		Name:        "libXfont2",
+		Description: "X font handling library for server & utilities",
+		Website:     "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libxfont",
+
+		Dependencies: P{
+			Freetype,
+			Libfontenc,
+		},
+
+		ID: 17165,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibxcvt() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "0.1.3"
+		checksum = "IfIA7SxlHMWh681e1AgYmZcRAfkZd5LlzmqcMRifNY5nNVRrUx_wnoaidAv0Yu03"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libxcvt", version, newFromGitLab(
+		"gitlab.freedesktop.org",
+		"xorg/lib/libxcvt",
+		"libxcvt-"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil, (*MesonHelper)(nil)), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[Libxcvt] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibxcvt,
+
+		Name:        "libxcvt",
+		Description: "VESA CVT standard timing modeline generation library & utility",
+		Website:     "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libxcvt",
+
+		ID: 235147,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t Toolchain) newLibXdmcp() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "1.1.5"
+		checksum = "N6AJSv9pmeBedFn8KuSIOUGvTken4rkypNWVE2KfPlliwkfIbhfXrt5YHZkBMUHp"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("libXdmcp", version, newFromGitLab(
+		"gitlab.freedesktop.org",
+		"xorg/lib/libxdmcp",
+		"libXdmcp-"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil, &MakeHelper{
+		Generate: "NOCONFIGURE=1 ./autogen.sh",
+	},
+		Automake,
+		Libtool,
+		PkgConfig,
+
+		utilMacros,
+		XorgProto,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[LibXdmcp] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newLibXdmcp,
+
+		Name:        "libXdmcp",
+		Description: "X Display Manager Control Protocol library",
+		Website:     "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libxdmcp",
+
+		ID: 1772,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t Toolchain) newXkeyboardConfig() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "2.47"
+		checksum = "E03PsPIaRrxPAuKgDGSQyPiJB49wXtyyvdV0lVx3_G-pelMMlaFLkoTDHTHG_qgA"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("xkeyboard-config", version, newFromGitLab(
+		"gitlab.freedesktop.org",
+		"xkeyboard-config/xkeyboard-config",
+		"xkeyboard-config-"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil, (*MesonHelper)(nil),
+		Perl,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[XkeyboardConfig] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newXkeyboardConfig,
+
+		Name:        "xkeyboard-config",
+		Description: "the non-arch keyboard configuration database for X Window",
+		Website:     "https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/XKeyboardConfig/",
+
+		ID: 5191,
+	}
+}
+
 func (t Toolchain) newLibpciaccess() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
 	const (
 		version  = "0.19"
@@ -331,3 +902,87 @@ func init() {
 		ID: 1703,
 	}
 }
+
+func (t Toolchain) newXserver() (pkg.Artifact, string) {
+	const (
+		version  = "21.1.22"
+		checksum = "prLT2wKecBu5m9w1ThgIt0GvenNpjKXoOyvTiMA1oQTlP0QHh6QiWsdvH3OmUwNo"
+	)
+	return t.NewPackage("xserver", version, newFromGitLab(
+		"gitlab.freedesktop.org",
+		"xorg/xserver",
+		"xorg-server-"+version,
+		checksum,
+	), nil, &MesonHelper{
+		Setup: []KV{
+			{"Dxorg", "true"},
+			{"Dxephyr", "true"},
+			{"Dxnest", "true"},
+			{"Dipv6", "false"},
+
+			{"Dudev", "false"},
+			{"Dudev_kms", "false"},
+			{"Dglx", "false"},
+			// ../../usr/src/xserver/glamor/glamor_glx.c:24:10: fatal error: 'epoxy/glx.h' file not found
+			{"Dglamor", "false"},
+		},
+	},
+		Gawk,
+
+		XorgProto,
+		Libxtrans,
+		Libxshmfence,
+		Pixman,
+		Libbsd,
+		Xkbcomp,
+		XkeyboardConfig,
+		LibXfont2,
+		DBus,
+		FontUtil,
+		Libxcvt,
+		LibXext,
+		Libmd,
+		LibXdmcp,
+		Libtirpc,
+		Libepoxy,
+		LibxcbUtil,
+		LibxcbUtilImage,
+		LibxcbUtilWM,
+		LibxcbUtilKeysyms,
+		LibxcbRenderUtil,
+		Libpciaccess,
+		KernelHeaders,
+	), version
+}
+func init() {
+	artifactsM[Xserver] = Metadata{
+		f: Toolchain.newXserver,
+
+		Name:        "xserver",
+		Description: "X server",
+		Website:     "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/xserver",
+
+		Dependencies: P{
+			Xkbcomp,
+			XkeyboardConfig,
+
+			XCB,
+			Pixman,
+			Libmd,
+			Libbsd,
+			Libtirpc,
+			Libxcvt,
+			LibXdmcp,
+			LibXfont2,
+			Libpciaccess,
+
+			// Xephyr
+			LibxcbUtilImage,
+			LibxcbUtilWM,
+			LibxcbUtilKeysyms,
+			LibxcbRenderUtil,
+		},
+
+		ID: 5250,
+	}
+}

make.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+
+HAKUREI_DIST_MAKE=1 exec "$(dirname -- "$0")/cmd/dist/dist.sh"

options.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ package
 
 
 *Default:*
-` <derivation hakurei-static-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-0.4.1> `
+` <derivation hakurei-static-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-0.4.2> `
 
 
 
@@ -842,7 +842,7 @@ package
 
 
 *Default:*
-` <derivation hakurei-hsu-0.4.1> `
+` <derivation hakurei-hsu-0.4.2> `
 
 
 

package.nix

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 
 buildGo126Module rec {
   pname = "hakurei";
-  version = "0.4.1";
+  version = "0.4.2";
 
   srcFiltered = builtins.path {
     name = "${pname}-src";